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George CE, Saunders CV, Morrison A, Scorer T, Jones S, Dempsey NC. Cold stored platelets in the management of bleeding: is it about bioenergetics? Platelets 2023; 34:2188969. [PMID: 36922733 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2188969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
When platelet concentrates (PCs) were first introduced in the 1960s as a blood component therapy, they were stored in the cold. As platelet transfusion became more important for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, research into ways to increase supply intensified. During the late 1960s/early 1970s, it was demonstrated through radioactive labeling of platelets that room temperature platelets (RTP) had superior post-transfusion recovery and survival compared with cold-stored platelets (CSP). This led to a universal switch to room temperature storage, despite CSP demonstrating superior hemostatic effectiveness upon being transfused. There has been a global resurgence in studies into CSP over the last two decades, with an increase in the use of PC to treat acute bleeding within hospital and pre-hospital care. CSP demonstrate many benefits over RTP, including longer shelf life, decreased bacterial risk and easier logistics for transport, making PC accessible in areas where they have not previously been, such as the battlefield. In addition, CSP are reported to have greater hemostatic function than RTP and are thus potentially better for the treatment of bleeding. This review describes the history of CSP, the functional and metabolic assays used to assess the platelet storage lesion in PC and the current research, benefits and limitations of CSP. We also discuss whether the application of new technology for studying mitochondrial and glycolytic function in PC could provide enhanced understanding of platelet metabolism during storage and thus contribute to the continued improvements in the manufacturing and storage of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe E George
- Component Development & Research, Welsh Blood Service, Talbot Green, Llantrisant, UK
| | - Christine V Saunders
- Component Development & Research, Welsh Blood Service, Talbot Green, Llantrisant, UK
| | - Alex Morrison
- Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Jack Copland Centre, Research Avenue North, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tom Scorer
- Centre of Defence Pathology, Royal Centre of Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK and
| | - Sarah Jones
- Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Nina C Dempsey
- Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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2
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Josefsson EC. Platelet intrinsic apoptosis. Thromb Res 2023; 231:206-213. [PMID: 36739256 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In a healthy individual, the lifespan of most platelets is tightly regulated by intrinsic, or mitochondrial, apoptosis. This is a special form of programmed cell death governed by the BCL-2 family of proteins, where the prosurvival protein BCL-XL maintains platelet viability by restraining the prodeath proteins BAK and BAX. Restriction of platelet lifespan by activation of BAK and BAX mediated intrinsic apoptosis is essential to maintain a functional, haemostatically reactive platelet population. This review focuses on the molecular regulation of intrinsic apoptosis in platelets, reviews conditions linked to enhanced platelet death, discusses ex vivo storage of platelets and describes caveats associated with the assessment of platelet apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Josefsson
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Gothenburg, Sweden; The University of Gothenburg, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg, Sweden; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, VIC 3052, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, 1G Royal Parade, VIC 3052, Australia.
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3
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Hosseini E, Nodeh FK, Ghasemzadeh M. Gamma irradiation induces a pro-apoptotic state in longer stored platelets, without progressing to an overt apoptosis by day 7 of storage. Apoptosis 2023:10.1007/s10495-023-01841-5. [PMID: 37127837 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although gamma-irradiation to platelet products is a standard method to prevent the risk of TA-GVHD in vulnerable recipients, it induces some proteomic and redox changes, of which irradiation-induced ROS increments may potentiate platelet mitochondrial dysfunction. However, whether these changes cause platelet apoptosis, or affect their viability during storage, is the main subject of this study. METHODS PLT-rich plasma PC was split into two bags, one kept as control while other was subjected to gamma-irradiation. Within 7-days storage, cytosolic and mitochondrial levels of cytochrome c and pro-apoptotic molecules of Bak and Bax were evaluated by western-blotting. Intraplatelet active caspase (using FAM-DEVD-FMK) and PS-exposure were detected by flowcytometry. Caspase activity in platelet lysate was also confirmed by immunofluorescence detection of Caspase-3/7 Substrate N-Ac-DEVD-N'-MC-R110 while platelet viability was evaluated with MTT assays. RESULTS Cytosolic cytochrome c gradually increased while its mitochondrial content steadily declined during 7 days of storage. In a contrary trend, reverse patterns were observed for Bak and Bax expressions. Gamma-irradiated platelets showed higher release of mitochondrial cytochrome c that reflected by higher cytosolic cytochrome c levels on day 7 of storage. Concurrently mitochondrial pro-apoptotic Bak and Bax proteins increased on day 7 in irradiated products. However, gamma-irradiation didn't significantly increase caspase activity or PS-exposure, nor did it decrease platelet viability. CONCLUSION Here, consistent with studies on "gamma-irradiation-induced oxidative stress", we showed that gamma-ray also increases platelet pro-apoptotic signals during storage, although not strongly enough to affect platelet viability by overt apoptosis induction. Conclusively, whether supplementing ROS scavengers or antioxidants to irradiated platelets can improve their quality during storage may be of interest for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehteramolsadat Hosseini
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Hemmat Exp. Way, Next to the Milad Tower, Tehran, 14665-1157, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kiani Nodeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Hemmat Exp. Way, Next to the Milad Tower, Tehran, 14665-1157, Iran
| | - Mehran Ghasemzadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Building, Hemmat Exp. Way, Next to the Milad Tower, Tehran, 14665-1157, Iran.
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Lomovskaya YV, Kobyakova MI, Senotov AS, Fadeeva IS, Lomovsky AI, Krasnov KS, Shtatnova DY, Akatov VS, Fadeev RS. Myeloid Differentiation Increases Resistance of Leukemic Cells to TRAIL-Induced Death by Reducing the Expression of DR4 and DR5 Receptors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747822060101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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5
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Platelets from 13-lined ground squirrels are resistant to cold storage lesions. J Comp Physiol B 2023; 193:125-134. [PMID: 36495374 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-022-01469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During torpor in a 13-lined ground squirrel heart rate and blood flow decrease, increasing the risk of blood clot formation. In response, cells involved in clotting called platelets are sequestered in the liver, stored in the cold for months, and released back into circulation upon arousal. This is in contrast to non-hibernating mammals, including humans, in which chilled platelets undergo cold storage lesions and phagocytosis, leading to rapid clearance from circulation post-transfusion. Because of this, human platelets must be stored at room temperature, limiting their shelf life to 7 days due to the increased risk of microbial contamination at warmer temperatures. Human and ground squirrel platelets were stored at room temperature or 4 °C before being analyzed for cold storage lesions. Human platelets stored at 4 °C displayed progressive increases in phosphatidylserine surface exposure and caspase activation, while ground squirrel platelets showed minimal change. Following cold storage, sialic acid residues on human platelets were cleaved, leading to increased phagocytosis of human platelets by HepG2 cells. Ground squirrel platelets stored in the cold showed no changes in desialylation and phagocytosis, with Taxol-treated ground squirrel platelets showing the lowest phagocytosis rates between both species and all treatments. These results suggest that ground squirrel platelets may be resistant to cold storage lesions seen in human platelets. Although these experiments were done in vitro, they suggest a mechanism by which ground squirrel platelets are adapted to be stored during hibernation and remain functional following arousal. Other hibernating species may employ similar adaptations to retain functional platelets following torpor.
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Repsold L, Pool R, Karodia M, Tintinger G, Joubert AM. Ex vivo platelet morphology assessment of chronic myeloid leukemia patients before and after Imatinib treatment. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2222-2233. [PMID: 35174933 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease and the first line treatment is through the administration of Imatinib, a first generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Thrombocytosis and bleeding irregularities are common in CML, however, the morphological variations in CML patients' platelets are not well documented. In this study, ex vivo platelet morphology of control participants, as well as CML patients were assessed before and after Imatinib treatment. The topographical and structural morphology of platelets were determined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Qualitative data of SEM and TEM revealed that CML patient's platelets were prone to aggregation and coagulation at time of diagnosis; the samples that were not aggregated at time of diagnosis showed typical discoid shaped platelets, which was comparable to control participants' platelets. TEM results of CML patients' platelets at diagnosis showed that internal granular constituents including dense bodies were decreased in comparison to control participants. In all CML patients, platelets appeared activated after 6 months of treatment with Imatinib with membrane structure abnormalities and constituent variations. Research to date has primarily focused on the effects of CML on leukocyte populations, however, the results of the current study implicate the impact of CML pathogenesis on platelets, seemingly as a result of alterations in normal hematopoiesis. In addition, the impact of Imatinib treatment on platelet morphology was also established, indicating an increase in platelet activation. Recognizing and understanding the impact of CML disease progression on platelets is of importance to aid improved patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Repsold
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Roger Pool
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Karodia
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Gregory Tintinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Anna Margaretha Joubert
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
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Norouzi M, Mesbah-Namin SA, Deyhim MR. Analysis of changes in the expression pattern of miR-326 and miR-145 during storage of platelet concentrate in blood bank condition and its relationship with some markers of platelet quality. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 52:1036-1042. [PMID: 33977423 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-021-02467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Platelet concentrates (PC) are affected by biochemical, morphological and functional changes during storage that are named platelet storage lesion (PSL) can decrease the survival and quality of platelets. The potential role and importance of the microRNAs in diagnosis of this process could be remarkable. The aim of this study was to determine miR-145 and miR-326 associated with apoptosis during PC storage. Ten PC prepared by platelet-rich plasma method were selected by simple random sampling in Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization. The expression pattern of miR-326 and miR-145 during PC storage for 7 days was determined by quantitative Real-time RT-PCR, and then the relationship between expression levels of both microRNAs and some PC quality markers was investigated. Glucose concentration, cell viability, platelet count and aggregation during storage showed a significant decrease compared to day zero (P < 0.05). Reduction of these variables showed a direct correlation with a significant decreasing trend in expression level of miR-145 (r = 0.94, 0.98, 0.96 and r = 0.99, P = 0.01). Lactate dehydrogenase activity showed a significant increase during platelet storage compared to day zero (P < 0.05), which was directly correlated with increased expression of miR-326 (r = 0.97, P = 0.01). Changes in the expression pattern of miR-326 and miR-145 along with biochemical markers, all indicate a decrease in platelet quality during 7 days of storage. Due to the significant correlation between the expression changes of miR-326 and miR-145 with PC quality markers, it seems both of these microRNAs can be considered as remarkable markers for early diagnosis of the PC quality during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Norouzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mesbah-Namin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-111, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Deyhim
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Repsold L, Pool R, Karodia M, Tintinger G, Becker P, Joubert AM. Apoptotic profiling of chronic myeloid leukaemia patients' platelets ex vivo before and after treatment with Imatinib. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:562-570. [PMID: 33569808 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a malignancy of the haematopoietic stem cells. The first line of treatment for CML, especially in developing countries, remains the first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Imatinib. Patients with CML are frequently diagnosed with platelet abnormalities. However, the specific mechanism of platelet abnormalities in CML remains unclear and poorly understood. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the apoptotic profiles of CML patients ex vivo on platelets before and after treatment with Imatinib. Blood samples of healthy volunteers and CML patients at diagnosis and after 6 months treatment with Imatinib were collected. Platelet counts, viability and activation were determined. Results showed that CML patients' platelet counts were elevated upon diagnosis and these levels statistically significantly decreased after 6 months of treatment. Platelet activation was significantly increased after 6 months of treatment compared to levels at diagnosis (P-value < .05). Similarly, platelet apoptosis was also increased after 6 months of treatment. Abnormalities in platelet functioning found in this study may partly be due to clonal proliferation of haematopoietic cells in CML patients, specifically of megakaryocyte precursors as well as the inhibition of platelet tyrosine kinase's and the inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Repsold
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Roger Pool
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Karodia
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Gregory Tintinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Piet Becker
- Research Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Anna Margaretha Joubert
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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9
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Goelz N, Eekels JJM, Pantic M, Kamber CT, Speer O, Franzoso FD, Schmugge M. Platelets express adaptor proteins of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway and can activate caspase-8. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244848. [PMID: 33428668 PMCID: PMC7799768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apoptotic pathways in platelets are important for their survival and function. Platelet apoptosis may be involved in the pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), an autoimmune-mediated disease. In contrast to the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, not much is known about the extrinsic pathway mechanisms in platelets. Objectives To investigate the expression of proteins involved in the extrinsic apoptosis pathway, including the death receptors, adaptor and regulator proteins in human platelets. To determine a possible trigger of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway in platelets. Methods To investigate the expression of key markers of the extrinsic pathway we used targeted immunofluorescence and flow cytometry assays. To study their expression and interaction we performed Western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation. Treated platelets with different apoptosis triggers were subjected to flow cytometry. Results We could identify the protein expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins TRADD (Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor type 1- Associated DEATH Domain protein), TRAF2/5, (TNF Associated Factor) and DEDAF (Death Effector Domain- Associated Factor), FADD (Fas-Associated protein with death domain) as well as the anti-apoptotic proteins DJ-1 (Deglycase 1) and c-FLIP in human platelets. ABT-737 treatment induced a disruption in the co-localization of DJ-1 with FADD. Platelets treated with ABT-737 showed an activation in caspase-3 and -8. The exposure to TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor), FasL (Fas ligand), and TWEAK or to plasma derived from ITP patients, did not lead to changes in caspase-3 and -8 activation in platelets. Conclusions Human platelets express some proteins of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway which can be modulated only by ABT-737 treatment. However so far, no other apoptosis trigger or interaction with an external receptor have been yet identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Goelz
- Division of Haematology and Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia J. M. Eekels
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Milica Pantic
- Division of Haematology and Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph T. Kamber
- Division of Haematology and Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Speer
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Thurgau AG, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
| | - Francesca D. Franzoso
- Division of Haematology and Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Schmugge
- Division of Haematology and Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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10
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Reddoch-Cardenas KM, Peltier GC, Chance TC, Nair PM, Meledeo MA, Ramasubramanian AK, Cap AP, Bynum JA. Cold storage of platelets in platelet additive solution maintains mitochondrial integrity by limiting initiation of apoptosis-mediated pathways. Transfusion 2020; 61:178-190. [PMID: 33294977 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold storage of platelets in plasma maintains hemostatic function and is an attractive alternative to room temperature platelets (RTPs). We have recently shown that functional differences between cold-stored platelets (CSPs) and RTPs after 5-day storage are associated with mitochondrial respiration and that CSPs in platelet (PLT) additive solution (PAS) can maintain hemostatic function for at least 15 days. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This study tested the hypothesis that cold storage in PAS preserves mitochondrial integrity by reducing PLT apoptosis. CSPs and RTPs in plasma or PAS were stored and assayed for up to 15 days for mitochondrial function and integrity, mitochondrial-associated mRNA transcript expression, apoptotic proteins, and apoptotic flow cytometry metrics. RESULTS CSP preserved mitochondria-associated mRNA comparable to baseline levels, improved mitochondrial respiration, and minimized depolarization to Day 15. Additionally, CSPs had minimal induction of caspases, preservation of plasma membrane integrity, and low expression of pro-apoptotic Bax. Storage in PAS appeared to be protective for RTPs in some parameters and enhanced the effects of CSPs. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial function and molecular analyses defined CSP priming as distinctly different from the well-documented RTP storage lesion. While current blood bank storage at room temperature is limited to 5 to 7 days, refrigeration and storage in PAS for up to 15 days may represent an opportunity to enhance inventories and access to PLT hemostatic support for bleeding patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grant C Peltier
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Prajeeda M Nair
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael A Meledeo
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Andrew P Cap
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James A Bynum
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Sam Houston, Texas, USA
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11
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Freixer G, Zekri-Nechar K, Zamorano-León JJ, Hugo-Martínez C, Butta NV, Monzón E, Recio MJ, Giner M, López-Farré A. Pro-apoptotic properties and mitochondrial functionality in platelet-like-particles generated from low Aspirin-incubated Meg-01 cells. Platelets 2020; 32:1063-1072. [PMID: 33111589 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1839637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Long-term therapy with low Aspirin (ASA) dose is basis to prevent thrombotic acute events. However, the anti-platelet mechanisms of ASA remain not completely known. The aim was to analyze if in vitro exposure of human megakaryocytes to low ASA concentration may alter the apoptotic features of the newly formed platelets. Cultured Meg-01 cells, a human megakaryoblastic cell line, were stimulated to form platelets with 10 nmol/L phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) in the presence and absence of ASA (0.33 mmol/L). Results revealed that platelet-like particles (PLPs) derived from ASA-exposed Meg-01 cells, showed higher content of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak than PLPs from non-ASA incubated Meg-01 cells. It was accompanied of reduced cytochrome C oxidase activity and higher mitochondrial content of PTEN-induced putative kinase-1 in PLPs from ASA-incubated Meg-01 cells. However, only after calcium ionophore A23187 stimulation, caspase-3 activity, the cytosolic cytochrome C content, and reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential were higher in PLPs from ASA-incubated megakaryocytes than in those from Meg-01 without ASA. Nitric oxide synthase 3 content was higher in PLPs from ASA-exposed Meg-01 cells than in PLPs from non-ASA incubated Meg-01 cells. The L-arginine antagonist, NG-Nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester, reduced caspase-3 activity in A23187-stimulated PLPs generated from ASA-incubated Meg-01 cells. As conclusions exposure of megakaryocyte to ASA promotes that the newly generated PLPs have, under stimulating condition, higher sensitivity to go into apoptosis than those PLPs generated from Meg-01 cells without ASA. It could be associated with differences in mitochondrial functionality and NO formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nora V Butta
- Haematology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, idiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Monzón
- Haematology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, idiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Manel Giner
- Surgery Departments, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Josefsson EC, Vainchenker W, James C. Regulation of Platelet Production and Life Span: Role of Bcl-xL and Potential Implications for Human Platelet Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207591. [PMID: 33066573 PMCID: PMC7589436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood platelets have important roles in haemostasis, where they quickly stop bleeding in response to vascular damage. They have also recognised functions in thrombosis, immunity, antimicrobal defense, cancer growth and metastasis, tumour angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, inflammatory diseases, wound healing, liver regeneration and neurodegeneration. Their brief life span in circulation is strictly controlled by intrinsic apoptosis, where the prosurvival Bcl-2 family protein, Bcl-xL, has a major role. Blood platelets are produced by large polyploid precursor cells, megakaryocytes, residing mainly in the bone marrow. Together with Mcl-1, Bcl-xL regulates megakaryocyte survival. This review describes megakaryocyte maturation and survival, platelet production, platelet life span and diseases of abnormal platelet number with a focus on the role of Bcl-xL during these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Josefsson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - William Vainchenker
- University Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR 1270, Gustave Roussy, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Chloe James
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, 33600 Pessac, France
- Laboratory of Hematology, Bordeaux University Hospital Center, Haut-Leveque Hospital, 33604 Pessac, France
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13
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Isolated severe thrombocytopenia in the setting of extreme hyperthermia. Ann Hematol 2020; 99:2437-2438. [PMID: 32816080 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04225-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Stolla M, Bailey SL, Fang L, Fitzpatrick L, Gettinger I, Pellham E, Christoffel T. Effects of storage time prolongation on in vivo and in vitro characteristics of 4°C-stored platelets. Transfusion 2020; 60:613-621. [PMID: 32017135 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold (4°C)-stored platelets are currently under investigation for transfusion in bleeding patients. It is currently unknown how long cold-stored platelets can be stored for clinical applications. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty three subjects were recruited. Twenty-one subjects were available for in vivo assessment and received indium-111 radiolabeled, cold-stored platelets. We investigated 5- (n = 5), 10- (n = 6), 15- (n = 5), and 20-day-stored (n = 5) platelets and obtained samples for in vitro testing at baseline and after the designated storage time. Twenty three units were available for in vitro testing. Five- and 7-day (n = 5 each), room temperature (RT)-stored platelets served as the current clinical standard control. RESULTS In vivo, we found a continuous decline in platelet recovery from 5 to 20 days. Platelet survival reached a low nadir after 10 days of storage. Ex vivo, we observed the maximum platelet αIIbβ3 integrin response to collagen at 5 days of cold storage, and we saw a continuous decline thereafter. However, platelet integrin activation and mitochondrial membrane integrity were better preserved after 20 days at 4°C, compared to 5 days at RT. Platelet metabolic parameters suggest comparable results between 20-day cold-stored platelets and 5- or 7-day RT-stored platelets. CONCLUSION In summary, we performed the first studies with extended, cold-stored, apheresis platelets in plasma for up to 20 days with a fresh comparator. Storing cold-stored platelets up to 20 days yields better results in vitro, but further studies in actively bleeding patients are needed to determine the best compromise between hemostatic efficacy and storage prolongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Stolla
- Platelet Transfusion Research Laboratory, Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - S Lawrence Bailey
- Platelet Transfusion Research Laboratory, Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lydia Fang
- Platelet Transfusion Research Laboratory, Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lynda Fitzpatrick
- Platelet Transfusion Research Laboratory, Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Irena Gettinger
- Platelet Transfusion Research Laboratory, Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Esther Pellham
- Platelet Transfusion Research Laboratory, Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Todd Christoffel
- Platelet Transfusion Research Laboratory, Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
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15
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Bertaggia Calderara D, Crettaz D, Aliotta A, Barelli S, Tissot JD, Prudent M, Alberio L. Generation of procoagulant collagen- and thrombin-activated platelets in platelet concentrates derived from buffy coat: the role of processing, pathogen inactivation, and storage. Transfusion 2018; 58:2395-2406. [PMID: 30229925 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collagen- and thrombin-activated (COAT) platelets (PLTs), generated by dual-agonist stimulation with collagen and thrombin (THR), enhance THR generation at the site of vessel wall injury. There is evidence that higher amounts of procoagulant COAT PLTs are associated with stroke, while a decreased ability to generate them is associated with bleeding diathesis. Our aim was to study PLT functions, particularly the ability to generate COAT PLTs, in PLT concentrates (PCs) from buffy coat. Thus, we investigated the effect of processing, pathogen inactivation treatment (amotosalen-UVA), and PC storage. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Two PCs from five donors each were pooled and split in two bags; one of them was pathogen inactivated and the other one was left untreated (n = 5). Flow cytometric analyses were performed immediately after PC preparation (Day 1) and thereafter on Days 2, 5, 7, and 9 in treated and untreated PCs to measure the reactivity of PLTs (CD62P and PAC-1), the content and secretion of dense granule after stimulation with different agonists, and the percentage of COAT PLTs after dual stimulation with convulxin (agonist of the collagen receptor GPVI) and THR. RESULTS Preparation of PCs resulted in a significant decrease of COAT PLTs and in an impaired response to adenosine 5'-diphosphate sodium (ADP). Storage further decreased ADP response. Minor differences were observed between untreated or amotosalen-UVA-treated PCs. CONCLUSION Preparation of PCs from buffy coats decreased the ability to generate COAT PLTs and impaired PLT response to ADP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Bertaggia Calderara
- Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Crettaz
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Aliotta
- Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Barelli
- Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Daniel Tissot
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Prudent
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Alberio
- Division of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Intrinsic apoptosis circumvents the functional decline of circulating platelets but does not cause the storage lesion. Blood 2018; 132:197-209. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-11-816355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
BAK/BAX depletion in murine platelets reveals that intrinsic apoptosis is not required for the development of the platelet storage lesion. Restriction of platelet life span by intrinsic apoptosis is pivotal to maintain a functional, hemostatically reactive platelet population.
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17
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Effect of Nitric Oxide Donor on Metabolism of Apheresis Platelets. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2018; 34:517-523. [DOI: 10.1007/s12288-017-0881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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18
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Mitochondrial PIP3-binding protein FUNDC2 supports platelet survival via AKT signaling pathway. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:321-331. [PMID: 29786068 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets undergo apoptosis in response to a variety of stimuli in the circulation. Mitochondria in platelets are essential for their apoptosis. Specifically, pro-survival protein BCL-xL on mitochondria is the key regulator of platelet lifespan. Here we identify an outer mitochondrial membrane protein FUNDC2 for platelet survival. FUNDC2 knockout mice carrying excessively apoptotic platelets exhibit thrombocytopenia in response to hypoxia. Mechanistically, FUNDC2 binds the lipid PIP3 via its unique, highly conserved N-terminal motif. FUNDC2 deficiency abrogates the phosphorylation of AKT and its substrate BAD in a PIP3/PI3K-dependent manner, which suppresses BCL-xL. Indeed, FUNDC2 deficiency shortens the platelet lifespan under stress. Thus, this FUNDC2/AKT/BCL-xL axis signifies a balance between platelet survival and apoptosis at the single organelle level and provides new insight for platelet-related diseases as well.
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19
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Lu X, Galarneau MM, Higgins JM, Wood DK. A microfluidic platform to study the effects of vascular architecture and oxygen gradients on sickle blood flow. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28129479 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Our goal was to develop a model of the microvasculature that would allow us to quantify changes in the rheology of sickle blood as it traverses the varying vessel sizes and oxygen tensions in the microcirculation. We designed and implemented a microfluidic model of the microcirculation that comprises a branching microvascular network and physiologic oxygen gradients. We used computational modeling to determine the parameters necessary to generate stable, linear gradients in our devices. Sickle blood from six unique patients was perfused through the microvascular network and subjected to varying oxygen gradients while we observed and quantified blood flow. We found that all sickle blood samples fully occluded the microvascular network when deoxygenated, and we observed that sickle blood could cause vaso-occlusions under physiologic oxygen gradients during the microvascular transit time. The number of occlusions observed under five unique oxygen gradients varied among the patient samples, but we generally observed that the number of occlusions decreased with increasing inlet oxygen tension. The model system we have developed is a valuable tool to address fundamental questions about where in the circulation sickle-cell vaso-occlusions are most likely to occur and to test new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michelle M Galarneau
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - John M Higgins
- Department of Pathology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David K Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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20
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Wang S, Jiang T, Fan Y, Zhao S. A proteomic approach reveals the variation in human platelet protein composition after storage at different temperatures. Platelets 2018; 30:403-412. [PMID: 29595346 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1453060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation can slow down the metabolism and decrease the risk of bacterial contamination. But, chilled platelets (PLTs) show a reduced period in circulation due to the rapid clearance by hepatic cells or spleen macrophages after transfusion. The deleterious changes that PLTs undergo are mainly considered the result of PLT protein variation. However, the basis for proteomic variation of stored PLTs remains poorly understood. Besides count, activation markers (CD62P and Annexin V), and aggregation, we used quantitative mass spectrometry to create the first comprehensive and quantitative human PLT proteome of samples stored at different temperatures (22°C, 10°C and -80°C). We found different conditions caused different platelet storage lesion (PSL). PLT count was decreased no matter at what temperature stored. PLTs viability at low temperature dropped by 21.78% and 11.21%, respectively, as compared 10.26% at room temperature, there were no significant differences between the storage methods. Membrane expression of CD62P gradually increased in all groups especially stored at 22°C up to 40% and 10°C up to 30%. However, exposure of PS on the PLT membrane was below 1% in every group. The PLT proteome showed there were 575 and 454 potential proteins identified by general iTRAQ analysis and phosphorylation iTRAQ a nalysis, respectively, among them, 33 common differentially expressed proteins caused by storage time and 44 caused by storage temperature Especially, membrane-bound proteins (such as FERMT3, STX4, MYL9 and TAGLN2) played key roles in PLT storage lesion. The pathways "Endocytosis", "Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis" and "Regulation of actin cytoskeleton" were affected predominantly by storage time. And the pathways "SNARE interactions in vesicular transport" and "Vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption" were affected by cold storage in our study. Proteomic results can help us to understand PLT biochemistry and physiology and thus unravel the mechanisms of PSL in time and space for more successful PLT transfusion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Wang
- a Department of Blood Transfusion , Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Tianlun Jiang
- a Department of Blood Transfusion , Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Yahan Fan
- a Department of Blood Transfusion , Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Shuming Zhao
- a Department of Blood Transfusion , Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China
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21
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Mechanisms of platelet clearance and translation to improve platelet storage. Blood 2018; 131:1512-1521. [PMID: 29475962 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-08-743229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of billions of platelets are cleared daily from circulation via efficient and highly regulated mechanisms. These mechanisms may be stimulated by exogenous reagents or environmental changes to accelerate platelet clearance, leading to thrombocytopenia. The interplay between antiapoptotic Bcl-xL and proapoptotic molecules Bax and Bak sets an internal clock for the platelet lifespan, and BH3-only proteins, mitochondrial permeabilization, and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure may also contribute to apoptosis-induced platelet clearance. Binding of plasma von Willebrand factor or antibodies to the ligand-binding domain of glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) on platelets can activate GPIb-IX in a shear-dependent manner by inducing unfolding of the mechanosensory domain therein, and trigger downstream signaling in the platelet including desialylation and PS exposure. Deglycosylated platelets are recognized by the Ashwell-Morell receptor and potentially other scavenger receptors, and are rapidly cleared by hepatocytes and/or macrophages. Inhibitors of platelet clearance pathways, including inhibitors of GPIbα shedding, neuraminidases, and platelet signaling, are efficacious at preserving the viability of platelets during storage and improving their recovery and survival in vivo. Overall, common mechanisms of platelet clearance have begun to emerge, suggesting potential strategies to extend the shelf-life of platelets stored at room temperature or to enable refrigerated storage.
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22
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Apoptosis in megakaryocytes and platelets: the life and death of a lineage. Blood 2017; 131:605-610. [PMID: 29259001 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-11-742684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their profoundly different cellular composition, size, and function, megakaryocytes and platelets both depend on restraint of the intrinsic (or "mitochondrial") apoptosis pathway by BCL-2 family prosurvival proteins for their development and viability. Activation of the pathway contributes to the clearance of megakaryocytes following platelet shedding and constrains platelet lifespan in the circulation. Important questions remain as to how apoptosis is initiated in these cells at steady state and in response to pathophysiological insults.
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23
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Repsold L, Pool R, Karodia M, Tintinger G, Joubert AM. An overview of the role of platelets in angiogenesis, apoptosis and autophagy in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:89. [PMID: 29118670 PMCID: PMC5664592 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Amongst males, leukaemia is the most common cause of cancer-related death in individuals younger than 40 years of age whereas in female children and adolescents, leukaemia is the most common cause of cancer-related death. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a chronic leukaemia of the haematopoietic stem cells affecting mostly adults. The disease results from a translocation of the Philadelphia chromosome in stem cells of the bone marrow. CML patients usually present with mild to moderate anaemia and with decreased, normal, or increased platelet counts. CML represents 0.5% of all new cancer cases in the United States (2016). In 2016, an estimated 1070 people would die of this disease in the United States. Platelets serve as a means for tumours to increase growth and to provide physical- and mechanical support to elude the immune system and to metastasize. Currently there is no literature available on the role that platelets play in CML progression, despite literature reporting the fact that platelet count and size are affected. Resistance to CML treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors can be as a result of acquired resistance ensuing from mutations in the tyrosine kinase domains, loss of response or poor tolerance. In CML this resistance has recently become linked to bone marrow (BM) angiogenesis which aids in the growth and survival of leukaemia cells. The discovery of the lungs as a site of haematopoietic progenitors, suggests that CML resistance is not localized to the bone marrow and that the mutations leading to the disease and resistance to treatment may also occur in the haematopoietic progenitors in the lungs. In conclusion, platelets are significantly affected during CML progression and treatment. Investigation into the role that platelets play in CML progression is vital including how treatment affects the cell death mechanisms of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Repsold
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng South Africa
| | - Roger Pool
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng South Africa
| | - Mohammed Karodia
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng South Africa
| | - Gregory Tintinger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng South Africa
| | - Annie Margaretha Joubert
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng South Africa
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24
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Mondal NK, Li T, Chen Z, Chen HH, Sorensen EN, Pham SM, Sobieski MA, Koenig SC, Slaughter MS, Griffith BP, Wu ZJ. Mechanistic insight of platelet apoptosis leading to non-surgical bleeding among heart failure patients supported by continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 433:125-137. [PMID: 28343311 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Non-surgical bleeding (NSB) is the most common clinical complication in heart failure (HF) patients supported by continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs). In this study, oxidative stress and alteration of signal pathways leading to platelet apoptosis were investigated. Thirty-one HF patients supported by CF-LVADs were divided into bleeder (n = 12) and non-bleeder (n = 19) groups. Multiple blood samples were collected at pre-implant (baseline) and weekly up to 1-month post-implant. A single blood sample was collected from healthy subjects (reference). Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in platelets, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL), expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, Bax and release of cytochrome c (Cyt.c), platelet mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ m), activation of caspases, gelsolin cleavage and platelet apoptosis were examined. Significantly elevated ROS, oxLDL and depleted TAC were evident in the bleeder group compared to non-bleeder group (p < 0.05). Platelet pro-survival proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL) were significantly reduced in the bleeder group in comparison to the non-bleeder group (p < 0.05). Translocation of Bax into platelet mitochondria membrane and subsequent release of Cyt.c were more prevalent in the bleeder group. Platelet mitochondrial damage, activation of caspases, gelsolin cleavage, and ultimate platelet apoptosis in the bleeder group were observed. Oxidative stress and activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of platelet apoptosis may be linked to NSB in CF-LVAD patients. Additionally, biomarkers of oxidative stress, examination of pro-survivals and pro-apoptotic proteins in platelets, mitochondrial damage, caspase activation, and platelet apoptosis may be used to help identify HF patients at high risk of NSB post-implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandan K Mondal
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Surgery, Artificial Organs Laboratory, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF 434A, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Tieluo Li
- Department of Surgery, Artificial Organs Laboratory, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF 434A, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Zengsheng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hegang H Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erik N Sorensen
- Department of Clinical Engineering, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Si M Pham
- Department of Surgery, Artificial Organs Laboratory, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF 434A, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Michael A Sobieski
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Steven C Koenig
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mark S Slaughter
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Bartley P Griffith
- Department of Surgery, Artificial Organs Laboratory, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF 434A, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Zhongjun J Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Artificial Organs Laboratory, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF 434A, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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25
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Moore GW, Maloney JC, Archer RA, Brown KL, Mayger K, Bromidge ES, Najafi MF. Platelet-rich plasma for tissue regeneration can be stored at room temperature for at least five days. Br J Biomed Sci 2016; 74:71-77. [DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2016.1233792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary W. Moore
- Department of Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Viapath Analytics, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, UK
| | - James C. Maloney
- Department of Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Viapath Analytics, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Robert A. Archer
- Department of Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Viapath Analytics, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Kerri L. Brown
- Department of Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Viapath Analytics, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Katarzyna Mayger
- Department of Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Viapath Analytics, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Elaine S. Bromidge
- Department of Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Viapath Analytics, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ Hospitals, London, UK
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26
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Au AE, Josefsson EC. Regulation of platelet membrane protein shedding in health and disease. Platelets 2016; 28:342-353. [PMID: 27494300 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2016.1203401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular proteolysis of platelet plasma membrane proteins is an event that ensues platelet activation. Shedding of surface receptors such as glycoprotein (GP) Ibα, GPV and GPVI as well as externalized proteins P-selectin and CD40L releases soluble ectodomain fragments that are subsequently detectable in plasma. This results in the irreversible functional downregulation of platelet receptor-mediated adhesive interactions and the generation of biologically active fragments. In this review, we describe molecular insights into the regulation of platelet receptor and ligand shedding in health and disease. The scope of this review is specially focused on GPIbα, GPV, GPVI, P-selectin and CD40L where we: (1) describe the basic physiological regulation of expression and shedding of these proteins in hemostasis illustrate alterations in receptor expression during (2) apoptosis and (3) ex vivo storage relevant for blood banking purposes; (4) discuss considerations to be made when analyzing and interpreting shedding of platelet membrane proteins and finally; (5) collate clinical evidence that quantify these platelet proteins during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Au
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Cancer & Haematology Division , 1G Royal Parade, Melbourne , Australia.,b Department of Medical Biology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Emma C Josefsson
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Cancer & Haematology Division , 1G Royal Parade, Melbourne , Australia.,b Department of Medical Biology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
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27
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Ex vivo apoptotic and autophagic influence of an estradiol analogue on platelets. Exp Hematol Oncol 2016; 5:18. [PMID: 27429862 PMCID: PMC4946154 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-016-0048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Platelets are known contributors to the vascularization, metastasis and growth of tumors. Upon their interaction with cancer cells they are activated resulting in degranulation and release of constituents. Since the apoptotic- and autophagic effects of 2-ethyl-3-O-sulphamoyl-estra-1,3,5(10)16-tetraene (ESE-16) has been shown to occur in vitro and this compound was designed to bind to carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), the possible occurrence of these cell death mechanisms in platelets as circulatory components, is of importance. Methods Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess morphological changes in platelets after exposure to ESE-16. The possible apoptotic- and autophagic effect of ESE-16 in platelets was also determined by means of flow cytometry through measurement of Annexin V-FITC, caspase 3 activity, autophagy related protein 5 levels and light chain 3-I to light chain 3-II conversion. Results Scanning electron microscopy revealed no changes in ESE-16-treated platelets when compared to vehicle-treated samples. Apoptosis detection by Annexin V-FITC and measurement of caspase 3 activity indicated that there was no increase in apoptosis when platelets were exposed to ESE-16. The incidence of autophagy by measurement of autophagy related protein 5 levels and light chain 3-I to light chain 3-II conversion showed that exposure to ESE-16 did not cause the incidence of autophagy in platelets. Conclusion This is the first ex vivo study reporting on involvement of apoptosis- and autophagy-related targets in platelets after exposure to ESE-16, warranting further investigation in platelets of cancer patients.
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28
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Abstract
The lifespan of platelets in circulation is brief, close to 10 days in humans and 5 days in mice. Bone marrow residing megakaryocytes produce around 100 billion platelets per day. In a healthy individual, the majority of platelets are not consumed by hemostatic processes, but rather their lifespan is controlled by programmed cell death, a canonical intrinsic apoptosis program. In the last decade, insights from genetically manipulated mouse models and pharmacological developments have helped to define the components of the intrinsic, or mitochondrial, apoptosis pathway that controls platelet lifespan. This review focuses on the molecular regulation of apoptosis in platelet survival, reviews thrombocytopenic conditions linked to enhanced platelet death, examines implications of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia through apoptosis-inducing drugs in cancer therapy as well as discusses ex vivo aging of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lebois
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Emma C Josefsson
- a The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Melbourne , Australia.,b Department of Medical Biology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
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29
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Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is the most common hematological abnormality encountered in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). In addition to being an indicator of advanced disease and poor prognosis, it frequently prevents crucial interventions. Historically, thrombocytopenia has been attributed to hypersplenism, which is the increased pooling of platelets in a spleen enlarged by congestive splenomegaly secondary to portal hypertension. Over the past decade, however, there have been significant advances in the understanding of thrombopoiesis, which, in turn, has led to an improved understanding of thrombocytopenia in cirrhosis. Multiple factors contribute to the development of thrombocytopenia and these can broadly be divided into those that cause decreased production, splenic sequestration, and increased destruction. Depressed thrombopoietin levels in CLD, together with direct bone marrow suppression, result in a reduced rate of platelet production. Thrombopoietin regulates both platelet production and maturation and is impaired in CLD. Bone marrow suppression can be caused by viruses, alcohol, iron overload, and medications. Splenic sequestration results from hypersplenism. The increased rate of platelet destruction in cirrhosis also occurs through a number of pathways: increased shear stress, increased fibrinolysis, bacterial translocation, and infection result in an increased rate of platelet aggregation, while autoimmune disease and raised titers of antiplatelet immunoglobulin result in the immunologic destruction of platelets. An in-depth understanding of the complex pathophysiology of the thrombocytopenia of CLD is crucial when considering treatment strategies. This review outlines the recent advances in our understanding of thrombocytopenia in cirrhosis and CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - David M Feldman
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, New York University School of Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Marla Diakow
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Samuel H Sigal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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30
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Cognasse F, Nguyen KA, Damien P, McNicol A, Pozzetto B, Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Garraud O. The Inflammatory Role of Platelets via Their TLRs and Siglec Receptors. Front Immunol 2015; 6:83. [PMID: 25784910 PMCID: PMC4345914 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are non-nucleated cells that play central roles in the processes of hemostasis, innate immunity, and inflammation; however, several reports show that these distinct functions are more closely linked than initially thought. Platelets express numerous receptors and contain hundreds of secretory products. These receptors and secretory products are instrumental to the platelet functional responses. The capacity of platelets to secrete copious amounts of cytokines, chemokines, and related molecules appears intimately related to the role of the platelet in inflammation. Platelets exhibit non-self-infectious danger detection molecules on their surfaces, including those belonging to the “toll-like receptor” family, as well as pathogen sensors of other natures (Ig- or complement receptors, etc.). These receptors permit platelets to both bind infectious agents and deliver differential signals leading to the secretion of cytokines/chemokines, under the control of specific intracellular regulatory pathways. In contrast, dysfunctional receptors or dysregulation of the intracellular pathway may increase the susceptibility to pathological inflammation. Physiological vs. pathological inflammation is tightly controlled by the sensors of danger expressed in resting, as well as in activated, platelets. These sensors, referred to as pathogen recognition receptors, primarily sense danger signals termed pathogen associated molecular patterns. As platelets are found in inflamed tissues and are involved in auto-immune disorders, it is possible that they can also be stimulated by internal pathogens. In such cases, platelets can also sense danger signals using damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Some of the most significant DAMP family members are the alarmins, to which the Siglec family of molecules belongs. This review examines the role of platelets in anti-infection immunity via their TLRs and Siglec receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Cognasse
- Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Loire , Saint-Etienne , France ; GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint Etienne , France
| | - Kim Anh Nguyen
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint Etienne , France
| | - Pauline Damien
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint Etienne , France
| | - Archibald McNicol
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB , Canada
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint Etienne , France
| | | | - Olivier Garraud
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint Etienne , France ; Institut National de Transfusion Sanguine (INTS) , Paris , France
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Hamzeh-Cognasse H, Damien P, Chabert A, Pozzetto B, Cognasse F, Garraud O. Platelets and infections - complex interactions with bacteria. Front Immunol 2015; 6:82. [PMID: 25767472 PMCID: PMC4341565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets can be considered sentinels of vascular system due to their high number in the circulation and to the range of functional immunoreceptors they express. Platelets express a wide range of potential bacterial receptors, including complement receptors, FcγRII, Toll-like receptors but also integrins conventionally described in the hemostatic response, such as GPIIb–IIIa or GPIb. Bacteria bind these receptors either directly, or indirectly via fibrinogen, fibronectin, the first complement C1q, the von Willebrand Factor, etc. The fate of platelet-bound bacteria is questioned. Several studies reported the ability of activated platelets to internalize bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Porphyromonas gingivalis, though there is no clue on what happens thereafter. Are they sheltered from the immune system in the cytoplasm of platelets or are they lysed? Indeed, while the presence of phagolysosome has not been demonstrated in platelets, they contain antimicrobial peptides that were shown to be efficient on S. aureus. Besides, the fact that bacteria can bind to platelets via receptors involved in hemostasis suggests that they may induce aggregation; this has indeed been described for Streptococcus sanguinis, S. epidermidis, or C. pneumoniae. On the other hand, platelets are able to display an inflammatory response to an infectious triggering. We, and others, have shown that platelet release soluble immunomodulatory factors upon stimulation by bacterial components. Moreover, interactions between bacteria and platelets are not limited to only these two partners. Indeed, platelets are also essential for the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps by neutrophils, resulting in bacterial clearance by trapping bacteria and concentrating antibacterial factors but in enhancing thrombosis. In conclusion, the platelet–bacteria interplay is a complex game; its fine analysis is complicated by the fact that the inflammatory component adds to the aggregation response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pauline Damien
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Adrien Chabert
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Fabrice Cognasse
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France ; Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne-Loire , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Olivier Garraud
- GIMAP-EA3064, Université de Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France ; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine , Paris , France
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L-carnitine effectively improves the metabolism and quality of platelet concentrates during storage. Ann Hematol 2014; 94:671-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-014-2243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Biologicals, platelet apoptosis and human diseases: An outlook. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 93:149-58. [PMID: 25439323 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets, once considered mediators of hemostasis and thrombosis, are now known to be involved in wound healing, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, arthritis, and cancer. Recent reports attest that platelets possess the cellular machinery to undergo apoptosis and that platelet apoptosis can be triggered by myriad stimuli including chemical and physical agonists, and pathophysiological conditions. Augmented rate of platelet apoptosis leads to thrombocytopenia, bleeding disorders and microparticle generation. Despite knowing the significant role of platelets in health and disease, and that any alterations in platelet functions can wreak havoc to the health, the offshoot reactions of therapeutic drugs on platelets and the far-reaching consequences are often neglected. The present review focuses on the impact of platelet apoptosis and the role of platelet-derived microparticles on different pathophysiological conditions. It also touches upon the effects of biologicals on platelets, and discusses the need to overcome the adverse effects of pro-apoptotic drugs through auxiliary therapy.
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Chen Z, Schubert P, Culibrk B, Devine DV. p38MAPK is involved in apoptosis development in apheresis platelet concentrates after riboflavin and ultraviolet light treatment. Transfusion 2014; 55:848-57. [PMID: 25385501 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogen inactivation (PI) accelerates the platelet (PLT) storage lesion, including apoptotic-like changes. Proteomic studies have shown that phosphorylation levels of several kinases increase in PLTs after riboflavin and UV light (RF-PI) treatment. Inhibition of p38MAPK improved in vitro PLT quality, but the biochemical basis of this kinase's contribution to PLT damage requires further analysis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In a pool-and-split design, apheresis PLT concentrates were either treated or kept untreated with or without selected kinase inhibitors. Samples were analyzed throughout 7 days of storage, monitoring in vitro quality variables including phosphatidylserine exposure, degranulation, and glucose metabolism. Changes in the protein expression of Bax, Bak, and Bcl-xL and the activities of caspase-3 and -9 were determined by immunoblot analysis and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS The expression levels of the proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bak, but not the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL, were significantly increased after the RF-PI treatment. This trend was reversed in the presence of p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580. As a result of increasing proapoptotic protein levels, caspase-3 and -9 activities were significantly increased in RF-PI treatment during storage compared with control (p < 0.05). Similarly, p38MAPK inhibition significantly reduced these caspase activities compared with vehicle control after RF-PI treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings revealed that p38MAPK is involved in signaling leading to apoptosis triggered by RF-PI. Elucidation of the biochemical processes influenced by PI is a necessary step in the development of strategies to improve the PLT quality and ameliorate the negative effects of PI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Chen
- Canadian Blood Services, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter Schubert
- Canadian Blood Services, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brankica Culibrk
- Canadian Blood Services, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dana V Devine
- Canadian Blood Services, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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In vitro evaluation of pathogen-inactivated buffy coat-derived platelet concentrates during storage: psoralen-based photochemical treatment step-by-step. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2014; 13:255-64. [PMID: 25369598 DOI: 10.2450/2014.0082-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Intercept Blood SystemTM (Cerus) is used to inactivate pathogens in platelet concentrates (PC). The aim of this study was to elucidate the extent to which the Intercept treatment modifies the functional properties of platelets. MATERIAL AND METHODS A two-arm study was conducted initially to compare buffy coat-derived pathogen-inactivated PC to untreated PC (n=5) throughout storage. A four-arm study was then designed to evaluate the contribution of the compound adsorbing device (CAD) and ultraviolet (UV) illumination to the changes observed upon Intercept treatment. Intercept-treated PC, CAD-incubated PC, and UV-illuminated PC were compared to untreated PC (n=5). Functional characteristics were assessed using flow cytometry, hypotonic shock response (HSR), aggregation, adhesion assays and flow cytometry for the detection of CD62P, CD42b, GPIIb-IIIa, phosphatidylserine exposure and JC-1 aggregates. RESULTS Compared to fresh platelets, end-of-storage platelets exhibited greater passive activation, disruption of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm), and phosphatidylserine exposure accompanied by a decreased capacity to respond to agonist-induced aggregation, lower HSR, and CD42b expression. The Intercept treatment resulted in significantly lower HSR and CD42b expression compared to controls on day 7, with no significant changes in CD62P, Δψm, or phosphatidylserine exposure. GPIIbIIIa expression was significantly increased in Intercept-treated platelets throughout the storage period. The agonist-induced aggregation response was highly dependent on the type and concentration of agonist used, indicating a minor effect of the Intercept treatment. The CAD and UV steps alone had a negligible effect on platelet aggregation. DISCUSSION The Intercept treatment moderately affects platelet function in vitro. CAD and UV illumination alone make negligible contributions to the changes in aggregation observed in Intercept-treated PC.
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TAILS N-terminomics of human platelets reveals pervasive metalloproteinase-dependent proteolytic processing in storage. Blood 2014; 124:e49-60. [PMID: 25331112 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-04-569640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases, and specifically metalloproteinases, have been linked to the loss of platelet function during storage before transfusion, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We used a dedicated N-terminomics technique, iTRAQ terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates (TAILS), to characterize the human platelet N-terminome, proteome, and posttranslational modifications throughout platelet storage over 9 days under blood-banking conditions. From the identified 2938 proteins and 7503 unique peptides, we characterized N-terminal methionine excision, co- and posttranslational Nα acetylation, protein maturation, and proteolytic processing of proteins in human platelets. We also identified for the first time 10 proteins previously classified by the Human Proteome Organization as "missing" in the human proteome. Most N termini (77%) were internal neo-N termini (105 were novel potential alternative translation start sites, and 2180 represented stable proteolytic products), thus highlighting a prominent yet previously uncharacterized role of proteolytic processing during platelet storage. Protease inhibitor studies revealed metalloproteinases as being primarily responsible for proteolytic processing (as opposed to degradation) during storage. System-wide identification of metalloproteinase and other proteinase substrates and their respective cleavage sites suggests novel mechanisms of the effect of proteases on protein activity and platelet function during storage. All data sets and metadata are available through ProteomeXchange with the data set identifier PXD000906.
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Abstract
Background Platelets participate in tissue repair and innate immune responses. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are well-characterized I-type lectins, which control apoptosis. Methodology/Principal Findings We characterized the expression of Siglec-7 in human platelets isolated from healthy volunteers using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Siglec-7 is primarily expressed on α granular membranes and colocalized with CD62P. Siglec-7 expression was increased upon platelet activation and correlated closely with CD62P expression. Cross-linking Siglec-7 with its ligand, ganglioside, resulted in platelet apoptosis without any significant effects on activation, aggregation, cell morphology by electron microscopy analysis or secretion. We show that ganglioside triggered four key pathways leading to apoptosis in human platelets: (i) mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) depolarization; (ii) elevated expression of pro-apoptotic Bax and Bak proteins with reduced expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein; (iii) phosphatidylserine exposure and (iv), microparticle formation. Inhibition of NAPDH oxidase, PI3K, or PKC rescued platelets from apoptosis induced by Siglec-7 recruitment, suggesting that the platelet receptors P2Y1 and GPIIbIIIa are essential for ganglioside-induced platelet apoptosis. Conclusions/Significance The present work characterizes the role of Siglec-7 and platelet receptors in regulating apoptosis and death. Because some platelet pathology involves apoptosis (idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and possibly storage lesions), Siglec-7 might be a molecular target for therapeutic intervention/prevention.
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38
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Zeddies S, De Cuyper IM, van der Meer PF, Daal BB, de Korte D, Gutiérrez L, Thijssen-Timmer DC. Pathogen reduction treatment using riboflavin and ultraviolet light impairs platelet reactivity toward specific agonists in vitro. Transfusion 2014; 54:2292-300. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Zeddies
- Department of Hematopoiesis; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Iris M. De Cuyper
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Pieter F. van der Meer
- Department of Product and Process Development; Sanquin Blood Bank; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Brunette B. Daal
- Department of Product and Process Development; Sanquin Blood Bank; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Dirk de Korte
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Product and Process Development; Sanquin Blood Bank; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Laura Gutiérrez
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Centre; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
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Shiri R, Yari F, Ahmadinejad M, Vaeli S, Tabatabaei MR. The caspase-3 inhibitor (peptide Z-DEVD-FMK) affects the survival and function of platelets in platelet concentrate during storage. Blood Res 2014; 49:49-53. [PMID: 24724067 PMCID: PMC3974957 DOI: 10.5045/br.2014.49.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although apoptosis occurs in nucleated cells, studies show that this event also occurs in some anucleated cells such as platelets. During storage of platelets, the viability of platelets decreased, storage lesions were observed, and cells underwent apoptosis. We investigated the effects of caspase-3 inhibitor on the survival and function of platelets after different periods of storage. Methods Platelet concentrates were obtained from the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization in plastic blood bags. Caspase-3 inhibitor (Z-DEVD-FMK) was added to the bags. These bags along with control bags to which no inhibitor was added were stored in a shaking incubator at 22℃ for 7 days. The effects of Z-DEVD-FMK on the functionality of platelets were analyzed by assessing their ability to bind to von Willebrand factor (vWF) and to aggregate in the presence of arachidonic acid and ristocetin. Cell survival was surveyed by MTT assay. Results At day 4 of storage, ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation was significantly higher in the inhibitor-treated (test) than in control samples; the difference was not significant at day 7. There was no significant difference in arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation between test and control samples. However, at day 7 of storage, the binding of platelets to vWF was significantly higher in test than in control samples. The MTT assay revealed significantly higher viability in test than in control samples at both days of study. Conclusion Treatment of platelets with caspase-3 inhibitor could increase their functionality and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shiri
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran. ; Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Ahmadinejad
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Vaeli
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabatabaei
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
The role of apoptotic pathways in the development and function of the megakaryocyte lineage has generated renewed interest in recent years. This has been driven by the advent of BH3 mimetic drugs that target BCL2 family proteins to induce apoptosis in tumour cells: agents such as ABT-263 (navitoclax, which targets BCL2, BCL-XL [BCL2L1] and BCL2L2) and ABT-199 (a BCL2-specific agent) are showing great promise in early stage clinical trials. However, the major dose-limiting toxicity of navitoclax has proven to be thrombocytopenia, an on-target effect of inhibiting BCL-XL . It transpires that the anucleate platelet contains a classical intrinsic apoptosis pathway, which at steady state regulates its life span in the circulation. BCL-XL is the critical pro-survival protein that restrains apoptosis and maintains platelet viability. These findings have paved the way to a deeper understanding of apoptotic pathways and processes in platelets, and their precursor cell, the megakaryocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Kile
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Vic., Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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41
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Thushara RM, Hemshekhar M, Kemparaju K, Rangappa KS, Devaraja S, Girish KS. Therapeutic drug-induced platelet apoptosis: an overlooked issue in pharmacotoxicology. Arch Toxicol 2013; 88:185-98. [PMID: 24363025 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The surfacing of the applied fields of biology such as, biotechnology, pharmacology and drug discovery was a boon to the modern man. However, it had its share of disadvantages too. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and other biological drugs resulted in numerous adverse reactions including thrombocytopenia. One of the reasons for drug-induced thrombocytopenia could be attributed to an enhanced rate of platelet apoptosis, which is a less investigated aspect. The present essay sheds light on the adverse (pro-apoptotic) effects of some of the commonly used drugs and antibiotics on platelets viz. cisplatin, aspirin, vancomycin and balhimycin. Furthermore, the undesirable reactions resulting from chemotherapy could be attributed at least to some extent to the systemic stress induced by microparticles, which in turn are the byproducts of platelet apoptosis. Thereby, the essay aims to highlight the challenges in the emerging trend of cross-disciplinary implications, i.e., drug-induced platelet apoptosis, which is a nascent field. Thus, the different mechanisms through which drugs induce platelet apoptosis are discussed, which also opens up a new perspective through which the adverse effects of commonly used drugs could be dealt. The drug-associated platelet toxicity is of grave concern and demands immediate attention. Besides, it would also be appealing to examine the platelet pro-apoptotic effects of other commonly used therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Thushara
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore, 570006, India
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Rukoyatkina N, Mindukshev I, Walter U, Gambaryan S. Dual role of the p38 MAPK/cPLA2 pathway in the regulation of platelet apoptosis induced by ABT-737 and strong platelet agonists. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e931. [PMID: 24263105 PMCID: PMC3847335 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
p38 Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase is involved in the apoptosis of nucleated cells. Although platelets are anucleated cells, apoptotic proteins have been shown to regulate platelet lifespan. However, the involvement of p38 MAP kinase in platelet apoptosis is not yet clearly defined. Therefore, we investigated the role of p38 MAP kinase in apoptosis induced by a mimetic of BH3-only proteins, ABT-737, and in apoptosis-like events induced by such strong platelet agonists as thrombin in combination with convulxin (Thr/Cvx), both of which result in p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation and activation. A p38 inhibitor (SB202190) inhibited the apoptotic events induced by ABT-737 but did not influence those induced by Thr/Cvx. The inhibitor also reduced the phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), an established p38 substrate, induced by ABT-737 or Thr/Cvx. ABT-737, but not Thr/Cvx, induced the caspase 3-dependent cleavage and inactivation of cPLA2. Thus, p38 MAPK promotes ABT-737-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the cPLA2/arachidonate pathway. We also show that arachidonic acid (AA) itself and in combination with Thr/Cvx or ABT-737 at low concentrations prevented apoptotic events, whereas at high concentrations it enhanced such events. Our data support the hypothesis that the p38 MAPK-triggered arachidonate pathway serves as a defense mechanism against apoptosis under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rukoyatkina
- 1] Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg D-97080, Germany [2] Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg 194223, Russia
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Alberts M, Bandarenko N, Gaca J, Lockhart E, Milano C, Alexander S, Linder D, Lombard FW, Welsby IJ. Reduced use of allogeneic platelets through high-yield perioperative autologous plateletpheresis and reinfusion. Transfusion 2013; 54:1348-57. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Bandarenko
- Department of Pathology; Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina
| | - Jeffrey Gaca
- Department of Surgery; Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina
| | - Evelyn Lockhart
- Department of Pathology; Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina
| | - Carmelo Milano
- Department of Surgery; Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina
| | | | | | - Frederick W. Lombard
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina
| | - Ian J. Welsby
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care; Duke University Medical Center; Durham North Carolina
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44
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Xiao Y, Zheng Y, Tan P, Xu P, Zhang Q. Overexpression of nuclear distribution protein (hNUDC) causes pro-apoptosis and differentiation in Dami megakaryocytes. Cell Prolif 2013; 46:576-85. [PMID: 24010816 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overexpression of hNUDC, a member of the nuclear distribution protein family, reduces cell population growth in prostate cancer cell lines, concurrent with induced morphological change and enhanced polyploidization. These phenomena are also closely associated with terminal phases of megakaryocyte maturation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In Dami cells, MTT and trypan blue assays were used to investigate cell viability and proliferation effects of hNUDC, and flow cytometry was used to analyse cell cycle and DNA content. Real-time RT-PCR was employed to detect mRNA expression. Activations of caspase-3, ERK, Akt and Stat-5 were determined by immunoblotting. May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining was performed to reveal cell morphology. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Functional studies using adenovirus-mediated hNUDC overexpression led to inhibition of megakaryocyte proliferation via cell cycle arrest in G2/M transition phase. This process could have been be mediated by upregulation of p21 and downregulation of its downstream targets, including cyclin B1, cyclin B2 and c-myc. Enhanced apoptosis in turn ensued, characterized by increased caspase-3 activation, upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax and downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Furthermore, hNUDC overexpression elevated the level of megakaryocyte maturation, associated with increased polyploidy, cell morphological changes and increased expression of cell surface differentiation markers, including CD10, CD44, CD41 and CD61. Our results further suggest that the ERK signalling pathway was involved in hNUDC overexpression-induced apoptosis. Taken together, this study provides experimental evidence for overexpression of hNUDC in Dami cells and suggests that activation of apoptotic machinery may be involved in megakaryocytic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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45
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Gyulkhandanyan AV, Mutlu A, Freedman J, Leytin V. Selective triggering of platelet apoptosis, platelet activation or both. Br J Haematol 2013; 161:245-54. [PMID: 23398569 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Anucleate platelets perform two fundamental processes, activation and apoptosis. We elaborated an approach for selective and concurrent stimulation of platelet apoptosis and/or activation, processes important in haemostasis and platelet clearance. Human platelets were treated with BH3 mimetic ABT-737, thrombin, calcium ionophore A23187 and matched diluents. Apoptosis was determined as mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨm) depolarization and activation as P-selectin exposure. At optimal treatment conditions (90-180 min, 37°C), ABT-737 predominantly induced apoptosis, when 77-81% platelets undergo only ΔΨm depolarization. The ABT-737 impact on ΔΨm depolarization is strongly time- and temperature-dependent, and much higher at 37°C than at room temperature. In contrast, when platelets were treated with thrombin for 15-90 min at either temperature, activation-only was predominantly (79-85%) induced, whereas A23187 triggers both apoptosis and activation (73-81%) when platelets were treated for 15-60 min at 37°C or 15-90 min at room temperature. These data demonstrate that, depending on the triggering stimulus, platelets predominantly undergo ΔΨm depolarization-only, P-selectin exposure-only, or both responses, indicating that platelet apoptosis and activation are different phenomena driven by different mechanisms. The described model provides a basis for studying differential pharmacological manipulation of platelet apoptosis and activation and their role in haemostasis, thrombosis and platelet clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen V Gyulkhandanyan
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Mutlu A, Gyulkhandanyan AV, Freedman J, Leytin V. Activation of caspases-9, -3 and -8 in human platelets triggered by BH3-only mimetic ABT-737 and calcium ionophore A23187: caspase-8 is activated via bypass of the death receptors. Br J Haematol 2012; 159:565-71. [PMID: 23025479 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Platelet apoptosis and activation have been studied in human platelets treated with BH3-only mimetic ABT-737 and calcium ionophore A23187, agents triggering apoptosis through the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Platelet apoptosis was determined as activation of crucial apoptosis-associated caspases, initiator caspase-9 of intrinsic apoptosis pathway, executioner caspase-3 and initiator caspase-8 of extrinsic death receptor pathway, and platelet activation was detected by P-selectin (CD62) exposure on the platelet surface. We found that ABT-737 predominantly induced activation of caspases-9, -3 and -8 rather than CD62 exposure, whereas A23187 induces both caspases activation and CD62 exposure. Caspase-8 activation was stimulated independently of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway via mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and depolarization. These data suggest that (i) caspase-8 activation is triggered in ABT-737- and A23187-treated anucleate platelets through the mitochondria-initiated caspase activation cascade bypassing the death receptors, and (ii) ABT-737-treated platelets are a useful experimental tool for discerning the role of platelet apoptosis in platelet function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuman Mutlu
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Saas P, Angelot F, Bardiaux L, Seilles E, Garnache-Ottou F, Perruche S. Phosphatidylserine-expressing cell by-products in transfusion: A pro-inflammatory or an anti-inflammatory effect? Transfus Clin Biol 2012; 19:90-7. [PMID: 22677430 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Labile blood products contain phosphatidylserine-expressing cell dusts, including apoptotic cells and microparticles. These cell by-products are produced during blood product process or storage and derived from the cells of interest that exert a therapeutic effect (red blood cells or platelets). Alternatively, phosphatidylserine-expressing cell dusts may also derived from contaminating cells, such as leukocytes, or may be already present in plasma, such as platelet-derived microparticles. These cell by-products present in labile blood products can be responsible for transfusion-induced immunomodulation leading to either transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) or increased occurrence of post-transfusion infections or cancer relapse. In this review, we report data from the literature and our laboratory dealing with interactions between antigen-presenting cells and phosphatidylserine-expressing cell dusts, including apoptotic leukocytes and blood cell-derived microparticles. Then, we discuss how these phosphatidylserine-expressing cell by-products may influence transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Saas
- Inserm, UMR1098, BP 1937, 25020 Besançon cedex, France.
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Gyulkhandanyan AV, Mutlu A, Freedman J, Leytin V. Markers of platelet apoptosis: methodology and applications. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2012; 33:397-411. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-012-0688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Reid S, Johnson L, Woodland N, Marks DC. Pathogen reduction treatment of buffy coat platelet concentrates in additive solution induces proapoptotic signaling. Transfusion 2012; 52:2094-103. [PMID: 22320126 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogen reduction technology (PRT) can potentially reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections. However, PRT treatment of platelet (PLT) concentrates also results in reduced PLT quality and increased markers of apoptosis during storage. The aim of this study was to investigate changes to the expression and activation of proteins involved in apoptosis signaling. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Samples from riboflavin and ultraviolet light PRT-treated and untreated (control) buffy coat-derived PCs in 70% SSP+ and 30% plasma were taken on Days 1, 5, and 7 of storage. Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, and cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-3 substrates were analyzed using flow cytometry and Western blotting. RESULTS Compared to untreated controls, markers of apoptosis signaling were increased after PRT and subsequent storage. PS exposure on the PLT outer membrane was significantly higher after PRT on Days 5 and 7 of storage (p < 0.05). Expression of proapoptotic Bak and Bax was higher after PRT and subsequent storage. Cytochrome c release and caspase-3 cleavage were also greater and occurred earlier in the PRT-treated PLTs. The cleavage of caspase-3 substrates gelsolin and ROCK I were also increased after PRT, compared to untreated controls. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated an increase in proapoptotic signaling during PLT storage, which was exacerbated by PRT. Many of these differences emerged outside the current 5-day storage period. These changes may not currently influence PLT transfusion quality, but will need to be carefully evaluated when considering extending PLT storage beyond 5 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Reid
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, and the School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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