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Ghaffar RA, Zulfiqar S, Hassan HU, Fadladdin YAJ, Sohail M, Kabir M, Raza MA, Rafiq N, Abdel-Aziz MFA, Garedaghi Y, Hasan I, Arai T. New record of Philometra species from the marine edible fish Terapon jarbua collected from the Sindh, Arabian Sea, Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e281415. [PMID: 38511782 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.281415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Diseases in fish due to helminth parasites, especially Philometra species, are the primary worry in aquaculture. Philometra are responsible for health problem in fishes they directly affect fish growth and population parameters. A comprehensive survey was conducted involving the examination of the marine fish species Terapon jarbua, gathered from the coastal waters of Sindh, Pakistan In this research different Philometra species from marine fish Terapon jarbua during 2021 and 2022. Philometra nematodes, belonging to the family Philometridae, are common parasitic organisms inhabiting both marine and freshwater environments. Their prevalence, particularly when existing in high numbers within host organisms, can lead to severe and potentially lethal consequences. Employing light microscopy techniques, diverse species of Philometra were identified, including Philometra teraponi, P. jarbuai, P. arabiai, P. karachii, and P. awarii, localized primarily within the ovaries of the host fish. A total of 140 fish samples were examined and 76 were infected. The intensity of infected fish was 54.28%. The identification process encompassed meticulous analysis of crucial parameters, such as body size, esophagus length, positioning of the nerve ring, dimensions of the ventriculus, and ligament size. Intriguingly, the parasites were found in varying contexts; while some were free within the ovaries, others were embedded within tissues, inducing severe muscular dystrophy. This research presents novel findings of Philometra nematodes in the marine waters of Pakistan, extending their host and geographical distribution records. Future studies are needed to better evaluate and describe the dynamics and the epidemiology of Philometra infection in wild and cultured fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Ghaffar
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S Zulfiqar
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - H Ul Hassan
- University of Karachi, Department of Zoology, Karachi, Pakistan
- Government of Pakistan, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Fisheries Development Board, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Y A J Fadladdin
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Sohail
- Government Postgraduate College Sahiwal, Department of Biology, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - M Kabir
- Thal University Bhakkar (University of Sargodha, Ex-Sub-Campus Bhakkar), Department of Biological Sciences, Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M A Raza
- Government Postgraduate College Satellite Town, Department of Biology, Gujranwala, Pakistan
| | - N Rafiq
- Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Department of Zoology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M F A Abdel-Aziz
- Arish University, Faculty of Aquaculture and Marine Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture and Biotechnology, Al-Arish , Egypt
| | - Y Garedaghi
- Islamic Azad University Tabriz Branch, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Tabriz Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - I Hasan
- University of Insubria, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Varese, Italy
| | - T Arai
- Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Faculty of Science, Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Gadong, Brunei
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De Benedetto G, Gaglio G. A case of abnormal swimming patterns in juvenile Oblada melanura naturally infected with Philometra obladae (Nematoda: Philometridae) in the Tyrrhenian Sea off Sicily, Italy. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2023; 5:100167. [PMID: 38283059 PMCID: PMC10821533 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The saddled seabream, Oblada melanura (L.), is a common seawater species present in the Mediterranean. Between July and August 2023, during diving activities along the Sicilian coast of Italy, we recorded with a digital camera several specimens of O. melanura showing an abnormal pattern of swimming in the water column. The unusual swimming behaviour was characterized by fast, uncoordinated directional changes and isolation from the remaining fishes in the shoal. Four dead fish were found and collected for necropsy and parasitological evaluation/examination. Upon gross examination, all fish showed an evident coelomic distension; the coelomic cavity of two fish was filled with nematodes that dislocated the coelomic organs, and the other two had degraded nematodes and a conspicuous quantity of fluid in the coelomic cavity. All collected parasites were identified as Philometra obladae (Nematoda: Philometridae) according to morphological criteria. Here, we describe the unusual swimming behaviour of O. melanura naturally infected with Ph. obladae and the results of the examination of dead fish infected with this parasite. Future studies are needed to better evaluate and describe the dynamics and the epidemiology of Ph. obladae infection in wild O. melanura.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriella Gaglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Bouguerche C, Tazerouti F, Justine JL. Truly a hyperparasite, or simply an epibiont on a parasite? The case of Cyclocotyla bellones (Monogenea, Diclidophoridae). Parasite 2022; 29:28. [PMID: 35588271 PMCID: PMC9119087 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclocotyla bellones Otto, 1823 (Monogenea, Diclidophoridae) is one of the few monogenean species reported as hyperparasitic: the worms dwell on cymothoid isopods, themselves parasites of the buccal cavity of fishes. We present here observations based on newly collected monogenean specimens from Ceratothoa parallela (Otto, 1828), an isopod parasite of Boops boops off Algeria and also investigated its diet to address whether Cy. bellones is indeed a hyperparasite, i.e., whether it feeds on the isopod. We also compared the body shape of various monogeneans belonging to the same family as Cy. bellones, the Diclidophoridae, including Choricotyle cf. chrysophryi Van Beneden & Hesse, 1863, collected from Pagellus acarne off Algeria. No morphological character of the anterior organs suggested any special adaptation in Cy. bellones to the perforation of the crustacean cuticle. The wall of the oesophagus and of the intestine of Cy. bellones was lined with a dark pigment similar to what is usually observed in haematophagous polyopisthocotyleans, and which is derived from ingested fish blood. We noticed that an anterior elongate stem exists only in diclidophorids dwelling on parasitic isopods and never in those attached to the gills. We hypothesize that the anterior stem of the body of Cy. bellones is an anatomical adaptation for the monogenean to feed on the fish while dwelling on the isopod. We thus consider that Cy. bellones is an epibiont of the parasitic crustacean, as it uses it merely as an attachment substrate, and is not a true hyperparasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahinez Bouguerche
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fadila Tazerouti
- Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement: Interactions - Génomes, BP 32, El Alia Bab Ezzouar, Alger, Algérie
| | - Jean-Lou Justine
- Institut Systématique Évolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 51, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Bouderbala K, Rangel LF, Santos MJ, Bahri S. Zschokkella epinepheli n. sp. (Myxosporea: Myxidiidae) infecting the gallbladder of the white grouper Epinephelus aeneus (Serranidae) from Tunisian waters. Parasitol Res 2020; 120:45-54. [PMID: 33230611 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A new coelozoic myxosporean species, Zschokkella epinepheli n. sp., collected from the gallbladder of the white grouper Epinephelus aeneus (Perciformes: Serranidae) from the bay of Bizerte, Tunisia, is described based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Myxospores and plasmodia were observed floating free in the bile. Mature plasmodia were polysporic and subspherical in shape, measuring 85.0-94.0 μm long and 70.0-82.0 μm wide. Mature myxospores were ovoid in valvular view, measuring 10.0 ± 1.7 (8.0-11.0) μm in length and 7.0 ± 0.3 (6.6-7.5) μm in width. Polar capsules were pyriform and equal in size, measuring 3.0 ± 0.2 (2.8-3.6) μm in length and 2.3 ± 0.3 (1.8-2.7) μm in width. Myxospore valves had 12-14 longitudinal striations. Based on the small subunit rDNA, the new species Z. epinepheli n. sp. differs from all other Zschokkella species for which there is a DNA sequence deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Z. epinepheli n. sp. clustered in the marine subclade of Zschokkella species within the biliary tract IV clade. This is the first report of a Zschokkella species from the gallbladder of an epinephelin fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khouloud Bouderbala
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Parasitology and Ecology of Aquatic Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Luis F Rangel
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Santos
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sihem Bahri
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Parasitology and Ecology of Aquatic Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
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Moravec F, Bakenhaster MD, Switzer TS. New records of Philometra spp. (Nematoda: Philometridae) from marine perciform fishes off Florida, USA, including descriptions of two new species. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2020; 67. [PMID: 32764188 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2020.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent examinations of marine perciform fishes from off the Florida coast in the Gulf of Mexico and Straits of Florida, USA, revealed the presence of the following six species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae): P. haemulontis sp. n. (males and females) from the ovary of Haemulon plumierii (Lacepède) (type host) and H. aurolineatum Cuvier (both Haemulidae); Philometra synagridis Moravec, Bakenhaster et Fajer-Ávila, 2014 (males and females) from the ovary and testes of Lutjanus synagris (Linnaeus) (Lutjanidae); P. margolisi Moravec, Vidal-Martínez et Aguirre-Macedo, 1995 (male) from the ovary of Hyporthodus nigritus (Holbrook) (Serranidae) (new host record; probably a paradefinitive host); P. andersoni sp. n. (male) from the ovary of H. nigritus; Philometra sp. 1 (male) from the ovary of Rhomboplites aurorubens (Cuvier) (Lutjanidae); and Philometra sp. 2 (females) from the subcutaneous tissue of the anterior-most head sinuses of Hyporthodus niveatus (Valenciennes) (Serranidae). Specimens of species are described and illustrated based on light and (except for Philometra sp. 1) scanning electron microscopical examinations. Philometra haemulontis sp. n. differs from all congeners in the unique structure of the gubernaculum, whereas P. andersoni sp. n. can be differentiated from other gonad-infecting congeners parasitising the Serranidae by a combination of morphological features. Females of P. synagridis are described for the first time. Gravid females of Philometra sp. 2 are similar to those of P. morii Moravec, Bakenhaster et Fajer-Ávila, 2010, a subcutaneous parasite of Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes) (Serranidae) in the Gulf of Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Moravec
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Micah D Bakenhaster
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Theodore S Switzer
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
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First description of the male and subgravid female of Philometra serranellicabrillae Janiszewska, 1949 (Nematoda: Philometridae), a gonad-infecting parasite of the comber Serranus cabrilla (Linnaeus) (Serranidae) off Tunisia. Syst Parasitol 2019; 96:673-679. [DOI: 10.1007/s11230-019-09879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ghanmi N, González-Solís D, Gargouri L. Philometra barbata n. sp. (Nematoda: Philometridae) from the red mullet Mullus barbatus (Perciformes, Mullidae) off Tunisia. Acta Parasitol 2018; 63:766-771. [PMID: 30367753 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2018-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Helminthological examinations of the red mullet Mullus barbatus (Linnaeus) (Mullidae) from the Gulf of Hammamet, off Tunisia, revealed the presence of one undescribed gonad-infecting nematode species, Philometra barbata n. sp. (Philometridae). The new species as other congeneric species is mainly characterized by the shape of the caudal mound, the distribution of the caudal papillae and the shape of the gubernaculum with the presence of a dorsal protuberance consisting of two dorsolateral lamellar parts separated from each other by a smooth median field in the male. The new species differs from its gonadinfecting congeners in the body length of male, the length of spicules and gubernaculum. This is the second nominal species of Philometra reported from fishes of the family Mullidae and the 14th from the Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nessrine Ghanmi
- Research Unit of Bio-Ecology and Evolutionary Systematics, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - David González-Solís
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), unidad Chetumal. Av. Centenario km. 5.5, Chetumal, Quintana Roo 77014, México
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, CzechRepublic
| | - Lamia Gargouri
- Research Unit of Bio-Ecology and Evolutionary Systematics, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
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Ghanmi N, González-Solís D, Gargouri L. Two new gonad-infecting species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae) from Trachinus spp. (Osteichthyes: Trachinidae) in the Gulf of Hammamet, Tunisia. Syst Parasitol 2018; 95:223-234. [PMID: 29368129 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-018-9774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Based on light and scanning electron microscopical studies, two new gonad-infecting species of Philometra Costa, 1845, P. draco n. sp. and P. radiata n. sp. (Nematoda: Philometridae), are described from the marine perciform fishes Trachinus draco (Linnaeus) and T. radiatus (Linnaeus) (both Trachinidae), respectively, in the Gulf of Hammamet, off the northeastern coast of Tunisia. Philometra draco n. sp. and P. radiata n. sp. can be separated from other gonad-infecting species of this genus by the structures associated to the gubernaculum (e.g. dorsal protuberance, smooth field separating the dorsolateral longitudinal parts), as well as by the length of the body, spicules and gubernaculum. Philometra radiata n. sp. can be distinguished from P. draco n. sp. in having the dorsal side of the gubernaculum distal end provided with a median longitudinal smooth field demarcated by two dorsolateral lamellate parts. These two new species are the first philometrid species described from fishes of the family Trachinidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nessrine Ghanmi
- Unité de Recherche Bio-Écologie Animale et Systématique Évolutive, Faculté des Sciences, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - David González-Solís
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), unidad Chetumal. Av. Centenario km. 5.5, 77014, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico. .,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Lamia Gargouri
- Unité de Recherche Bio-Écologie Animale et Systématique Évolutive, Faculté des Sciences, Université Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
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Redescription of Philometra filiformis (Stossich, 1896) (Nematoda: Philometridae), a gonad-infecting parasite of the common pandora Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus) (Sparidae) in the Mediterranean Sea, including new taxonomic features revealed by SEM. Syst Parasitol 2017; 94:979-987. [DOI: 10.1007/s11230-017-9758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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