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Bayo Sánchez C, Razquin Olazarán I, Martín Salas C, Portillo Bordonabe ME, Ezpeleta Baquedano C. Answer to the Photo Quiz: Unexpected finding in a Gram stain. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0064223. [PMID: 37987731 PMCID: PMC10662333 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00642-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bayo Sánchez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Iosu Razquin Olazarán
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Carmen Martín Salas
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Chauvin P, Barba F, Guemas E, Charpentier E, Cottrel C, Fillaux J, Valentin A, Baklouti S, Cassaing S, Ménard S, Berry A, Iriart X. Evaluation of the Performance of the Novodiag ® Stool Parasites Assay for the Detection of Intestinal Protozoa and Microsporidia. Pathogens 2023; 12:889. [PMID: 37513736 PMCID: PMC10385646 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the performance of the Novodiag® Stool Parasites (NSP) assay in the diagnosis of the most common intestinal protozoan and microsporidia infections. METHODS A panel of 167 selected stool samples was retrospectively analysed with the NSP assay and compared to routine microscopy and qPCR methods for the detection of pathogenic protozoa and microsporidia. RESULTS Whereas specificity was high for all protozoa and microsporidia, NSP sensitivity was strongly dependent on the comparative method used as reference. When compared to microscopic methods, NSP sensitivity was high (96.7 to 100%) for Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba histolytica and Cyclospora cayetanensis but was lower for Giardia intestinalis (85.2%) and ≤50% for Cystoisospora belli and Dientamoeba fragilis. In comparison to conventional qPCR, the NSP assay demonstrated lower sensitivity characteristics dependent on parasite loads, reaching 60 to 70% for G. intestinalis, D. fragilis, Cryptosporidium spp. and E. histolytica. Sensitivity was 100% for Enterocytozoon bieneusi, but none of the five samples containing Encephalitozoon spp. were detected. CONCLUSIONS The overall performance of the NSP assay in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal protozoa and microsporidia seems to be better than or equivalent to that observed with microscopic methods but inferior to that obtainable with classical targeted qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Chauvin
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Florie Barba
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Emilie Guemas
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, Université Paul Sabatier, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Eléna Charpentier
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Cottrel
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, Université Paul Sabatier, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Judith Fillaux
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
- RESTORE Institute, UMR 1301-Inserm 5070-CNRS EFS Université Paul Sabatier, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexis Valentin
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
- UMR 152 PHARMA-DEV, IRD, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah Baklouti
- Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et Toxicologie, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Cassaing
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
- RESTORE Institute, UMR 1301-Inserm 5070-CNRS EFS Université Paul Sabatier, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Sandie Ménard
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, Université Paul Sabatier, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Berry
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, Université Paul Sabatier, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Iriart
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, Université Paul Sabatier, 31024 Toulouse, France
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Carranza-Rodríguez C, López-Delgado L, Granados-Magan Á, Pérez-Arellano JL. Seroprevalence of Strongyloides stercolaris in Patients about to Receive Immunosuppressive Treatment in Gran Canaria (Spain). Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8030181. [PMID: 36977182 PMCID: PMC10057594 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8030181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Strongyloides stercoralis infection is generally asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, but in the immunosuppressed host, it is associated with more severe and complicated forms with a worse prognosis. S. stercoralis seroprevalence was studied in 256 patients before receiving immunosuppressive treatment (before kidney transplantation or starting biological treatments). As a control group, serum bank data of 642 individuals representative of the population of the Canary Islands were retrospectively analyzed. To avoid false positives due to cross-reactivity with other similar helminth antigens present in the study area, IgG antibodies to Toxocara spp. and Echinococcus spp. were evaluated in cases positive for Strongyloides. The data show this is a prevalent infection: 1.1% of the Canarian population, 2.38% of Canarian individuals awaiting organ transplants and 4.8% of individuals about to start biological agents. On the other hand, strongyloidiasis can remain asymptomatic (as observed in our study population). There are no indirect data, such as country of origin or eosinophilia, to help raise suspicion of the disease. In summary, our study suggests that screening for S. stercoralis infection should be performed in patients who receive immunosuppressive treatment for solid organ transplantation or biological agents, in line with previous publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carranza-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Medicina Tropical, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-928451213; Fax: +34-928441413
| | - Laura López-Delgado
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Medicina Tropical, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Álvaro Granados-Magan
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José-Luis Pérez-Arellano
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Medicina Tropical, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y Quirúrgicas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Bradbury R, Inagaki K, Singh G, Agana U, Patterson K, Malloch L, Rodriguez E, Qvarnstrom Y, Hobbs CV. A Pilot Comparison of Fixatives for Hookworm Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:335-339. [PMID: 36509060 PMCID: PMC9896329 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is increasingly used in the diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth infections. Despite this, few studies have evaluated the impact of different fecal fixatives on the outcome of fecal helminth qPCR analysis, and none have evaluated the effect of commercial parasitology fixatives commonly used in diagnostic laboratories. We fixed dog feces containing Ancylostoma spp. hookworm eggs in zinc polyvinyl alcohol (Zn-PVA) and Total-Fix, and with 70% ethanol (EtOH) as a control. DNA was extracted at timepoints 11, 33, 64, and 94 days and subjected to Ancylostoma spp. quantitative PCR (qPCR). A linear regression model was created to assess the effect of preservative types on the temporal change of qPCR quantification cycle number (Cq) values, accounting for variances among individual animals. Fixation in 70% EtOH least affected Cq values over 94 days. Total-Fix preservation yielded a higher Cq overall, but there was no significant difference compared with 70% EtOH fixation. Fixation in Zn-PVA resulted in significantly (P < 0.001) higher Cq values than 70% EtOH after only 33 days and loss of amplification at 64 days. Consistent with other helminth fixation studies, 70% EtOH performed well in preserving hookworm DNA over 94 days. Total-Fix provided a comparable alternative for qPCR analysis for hookworm. Fixation in Zn-PVA resulted in loss of detectable hookworm DNA at 64 days, as determined by qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kengo Inagaki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Children’s of Mississippi, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Gurbaksh Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Children’s of Mississippi, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Urita Agana
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Children’s of Mississippi, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Kayla Patterson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Children’s of Mississippi, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Lacy Malloch
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Children’s of Mississippi, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Eduardo Rodriguez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yvonne Qvarnstrom
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Charlotte V. Hobbs
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Children’s of Mississippi, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Moniot M, Nourrisson C, Bonnin V, Damiani C, Argy N, Bonhomme J, Fréalle E, Angebault C, Debourgogne A, Sitterlé E, Flori P, Brunet J, Dalle F, Favennec L, Poirier P. Evaluation of the Bio-Evolution Microsporidia generic and typing real-time PCR assays for the diagnosis of intestinal microsporidiosis. Parasite 2022; 29:55. [PMID: 36426934 PMCID: PMC9879149 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cases of intestinal microsporidiosis infection are underestimated and affect both immunocompromized and immunocompetent patients. Real-time PCR is superseding microscopic examination for its diagnosis in medical analysis laboratories. However, few manufacturers include microsporidia in their PCR panel for the diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis. Here, we evaluated the performances of the real-time PCR assays microsporidia generic and microsporidia typing (Bio-Evolution, France) on the Rotor-Gene Q real-time PCR cycler (Qiagen, France). We included 45 negative and 44 positive stool samples for Enterocytozoon bieneusi (n = 34, with various genotypes), Encephalitozoon intestinalis (n = 4), Encephalitozoon hellem (n = 4), and Encephalitozoon cuniculi (n = 2). We also studied a four-year survey of an inter-laboratory quality control program including 9 centers that used this commercial assay. Sensitivity and specificity of the microsporidia generic assay were 86.4% and 93.3%, respectively. Encephalitozoon hellem and Encephalitozoon cuniculi were detected by the microsporidia generic PCR assay but not by the microsporidia typing PCR assay. These results were consistent with the results of the inter-laboratory quality control program. In conclusion, Bio-Evolution Real-time PCR assays are useful tools for intestinal microsporidiosis, but negative results for microsporidia typing assays require supplementary analyses to confirm E. hellem or E. cuniculi infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Moniot
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 3IHP 63003 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Céline Nourrisson
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 3IHP 63003 Clermont-Ferrand France,Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), UMR Inserm/Université Clermont Auvergne U1071, USC INRA 2018 63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Virginie Bonnin
- Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), UMR Inserm/Université Clermont Auvergne U1071, USC INRA 2018 63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Céline Damiani
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicales, CBH, CHU Amiens Picardie; Equipe Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie (AGIR) UR4294, Université de Picardie Jules Verne 80480 Amiens France
| | - Nicolas Argy
- Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, CHU Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP); IRD UMR MERIT 261, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris Cité 75018 Paris France
| | - Julie Bonhomme
- Service de Microbiologie, CHU Caen, ToxEMAC-ABTE, Normandie Univ, Unicaen & Unirouen 14033 Caen France
| | - Emilie Fréalle
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, CHU Lille 59037 Lille France
| | - Cécile Angebault
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Département de Prévention, Diagnostic et Traitement des Infections, CHU Henri Mondor, AP-HP; EA DYNAMiC 7380, Faculté de Santé, Univ Paris-Est Créteil 94000 Créteil France
| | | | - Emilie Sitterlé
- Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Service de Microbiologie clinique, GHU Necker-Enfants-Malades, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP) 75743 Paris France
| | - Pierre Flori
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, CHU Saint-Etienne 42055 Saint-Etienne France
| | - Julie Brunet
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et de Mycologie Médicale, Plateau Technique de Microbiologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg 67091 Strasbourg France
| | - Frédéric Dalle
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Plateforme de Biologie Hospitalo-universitaire CHU Dijon; UMR PAM Univ Bourgogne Franche-Comté – AgroSup Dijon – Equipe Vin, Aliment, Microbiologie, Stress 21079 Dijon France,CNR LE Cryptosporidioses, Santé Publique France 76031 Rouen France
| | - Loïc Favennec
- Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, CHU Rouen; EA ESCAPE 7510, Université de Rouen Normandie 76031 Rouen France,CNR LE Cryptosporidioses, Santé Publique France 76031 Rouen France
| | - Philippe Poirier
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 3IHP 63003 Clermont-Ferrand France,Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), UMR Inserm/Université Clermont Auvergne U1071, USC INRA 2018 63000 Clermont-Ferrand France,Corresponding author:
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Ummarino A, Caputo M, Tucci FA, Pezzicoli G, Piepoli A, Gentile A, Latiano T, Panza A, Calà N, Ceglia AP, Pistoio G, Troiano V, Pucatti M, Latiano A, Andriulli A, Tucci A, Palmieri O. A PCR-based method for the diagnosis of Enterobius vermicularis in stool samples, specifically designed for clinical application. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1028988. [PMID: 36466657 PMCID: PMC9712443 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1028988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterobius vermicularis (E. vermicularis) is a nematode that infects up to 200 million people worldwide, despite effective medications being available. Conventional diagnostic tests are hindered by low sensitivity and poor patient compliance. Furthermore, no biomolecular techniques are available for clinical application. The aim of this study was to develop a procedure specifically designed for clinical application to detect E. vermicularis by means of PCR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two subject groups were taken into account: a group of 27 infected patients and a control group of 27 healthy subjects. A nested-PCR was performed on fecal samples to detect E. vermicularis. Due to the intrinsic difficulties of the fecal matrix, several countermeasures were adopted to ensure the efficient performance of the method: (a) a large amount of feces for the extraction process (20 g instead of 200 mg); (b) a combination of chemical and physical treatments to grind the fecal matrix; (c) an additional purification process for the negative samples after the first nested-PCR; and (d) the selection of a very specific target region for the PCR. RESULTS Due to the lack of overlap with other organisms, a sequence of the 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) spacer region including the tract SL1 was chosen to design appropriate external and internal primers. The first nested-PCR detected E.vermicularis in 19/27 samples from infected patients. After further purification, 5/8 of the negative samples resulted positive at the second PCR. Conversely, all the samples from healthy controls resulted negative to both PCRs. Sensitivity and specificity of the method were, respectively, 88.9% and 100%. CONCLUSION The results prove the high diagnostic accuracy of the proposed method, addressing and overcoming the challenges posed by both conventional tests and PCR-based approaches. Therefore, the method can be proposed for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Ummarino
- Agorà Biomedical Sciences, Etromapmacs Pole, Lesina (FG), Italy
| | - Michele Caputo
- Agorà Biomedical Sciences, Etromapmacs Pole, Lesina (FG), Italy
| | | | | | - Ada Piepoli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza” Hospital, Viale Cappuccini, Italy
| | - Annamaria Gentile
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza” Hospital, Viale Cappuccini, Italy
| | - Tiziana Latiano
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza” Hospital, Viale Cappuccini, Italy
| | - Anna Panza
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza” Hospital, Viale Cappuccini, Italy
| | - Nicholas Calà
- Agorà Biomedical Sciences, Etromapmacs Pole, Lesina (FG), Italy
| | | | | | | | - Michela Pucatti
- Agorà Biomedical Sciences, Etromapmacs Pole, Lesina (FG), Italy
| | - Anna Latiano
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza” Hospital, Viale Cappuccini, Italy
| | - Angelo Andriulli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza” Hospital, Viale Cappuccini, Italy
| | - Antonio Tucci
- Agorà Biomedical Sciences, Etromapmacs Pole, Lesina (FG), Italy
| | - Orazio Palmieri
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza” Hospital, Viale Cappuccini, Italy
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Kann S, Concha G, Köller T, Alker J, Schotte U, Hahn A, Frickmann H, Warnke P. Enteric Bacteria and Parasites with Pathogenic Potential in Individuals of the Colombian Indigenous Tribe Kogui. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091862. [PMID: 36144464 PMCID: PMC9500837 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kogui tribe is an indigenous population living in Colombia. The prevalence values of some enteric bacteria, parasites and microsporidia in Kogui stool samples (n = 192) were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thus, genus- or species-specifically recorded positivity rates among the Kogui community were assessed. Protozoa were the leading microorganisms in the stool samples of the Kogui, with an average of 1.5 pathogens per sample, followed by bacteria, with 0.6 pathogens per samples and helminths, with 0.3 pathogens per sample. Microsporidia were not detected. Thereby, the majority of detected protozoa comprised species with questionable etiological relevance such as Blastocystis hominis (n = 173) and Dientamoeba fragilis (n = 44), but also a considerable proportion of Giardia duodenalis (n = 71). Cryptosporidium spp., in contrast, was found in a single instance only. The majority of recorded bacteria were Campylobacter spp., with a strikingly high proportion of 50% (n = 96), followed by Shigella spp./enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) (n = 14) and Aeromonas spp. (n = 4). The quantitatively most important detected helminths were Ascaris spp. (n = 15), Hymenolepis spp. (n = 14) and Trichuris trichiura (n = 12), followed by Necator americanus (n = 6), Taenia spp. (n = 3) and Strongyloides stercoralis (n = 3) in descending order of abundance. As expected, the Kogui people's living conditions comprising poverty, lack of access to clean water and simple housing favor a high number of gastrointestinal infections. Preventive approaches are needed to reduce their risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kann
- Missionsärztliches Institut, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (P.W.)
| | - Gustavo Concha
- Organization Wiwa Yugumaiun Bunkauanarrua Tayrona (OWYBT), Department Health Advocacy, Valledupar 2000001, Colombia
| | - Thomas Köller
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Juliane Alker
- Department A-Veterinary Medicine, Central Institute of the Bundeswehr Medical Service Kiel, 24119 Kronshagen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schotte
- Department A-Veterinary Medicine, Central Institute of the Bundeswehr Medical Service Kiel, 24119 Kronshagen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hagen Frickmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Warnke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (P.W.)
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Evaluation of Commercial Concentration Methods for Microscopic Diagnosis of Protozoa and Helminths in Human Stool Samples in a Non-Endemic Area. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061237. [PMID: 35744756 PMCID: PMC9230666 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections still widely relies on microscopic examination of stools and requires reliable reagents and staff expertise. The ParaFlo® assays (Eurobio Ingen) are ready-to-use concentration methods for parasite egg detection, and they could improve reagent traceability and ease of manipulation. Ninety-three stool samples were analyzed with the ParaFlo® concentration methods and then compared with routine microscopic methods for protozoa and helminth detection: seventy-eight were analyzed with ParaFlo® Bailenger and in-house Thebault or Bailenger concentrations, and fifty-five were analyzed with ParaFlo®DC and the in-house merthiolate-formalin diphasic concentration (DC) method. Fully concordant results were obtained for 75%, 70%, and 69% of samples when comparing ParaFlo® DC and in-house DC, ParaFlo® Bailenger and in-house Bailenger, and ParaFlo® Bailenger and Thebault, respectively. The performances of the ParaFlo® assays did not differ statistically from that obtained with their in-house counterparts (Bailenger and DC) for the detection of protozoa, but ParaFlo® Bailenger performed significantly poorer than the Thebault method (p < 0.001). No statistical differences were observed between the commercial and in-house methods for helminth detection. These marketed concentration methods could be used in routine if combined with other techniques for protozoa detection.
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Hartuis S, Lavergne RA, Nourrisson C, Verweij J, Desoubeaux G, Lussac-Sorton F, Lemoine JP, Cateau E, Jeddi F, Poirier P, Le Pape P, Morio F. The Novodiag ® Stool parasites assay, an innovative high-plex technique for fast detection of protozoa, helminths and microsporidia in stool samples: a retrospective and prospective study. Parasite 2022; 29:27. [PMID: 35550028 PMCID: PMC9102957 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We provide the first evaluation of the CE-IVD marked Novodiag® stool parasites assay (NVD), allowing rapid and high-plex detection of 26 distinct targets, encompassing protozoans, helminths and microsporidia in stool samples. METHODS A total of 254 samples (n = 205 patients) were prospectively processed by the NVD and our routine procedure (RP). Performances of the NVD were compared with RP. Samples only positive by the NVD assay were investigated by external PCR assays. Sensitivity and specificity (Se/Sp) and time from sample receipt to results were determined for each method. The NVD was also evaluated against 77 additional samples positive for a wide range of parasites. RESULTS Overall positivity rate was 16.9% for RP compared with 34% using the NVD assay, and 164 samples (66%) were negative by both methods. Only 30 positive samples (12%) showed full concordance between RP and NVD. Fifty-three discordant samples were sent for external investigations. Except for Giardia intestinalis and Trichuris spp., higher Se was observed for the NVD assay for Blastocystis spp. (100% vs. 63%), Dientamoeba fragilis (100% vs. 0%), Schistosoma spp. (100% vs. 17%), and Enterobius vermicularis (100% vs. 67%) but roughly similar to RP for the remaining parasites tested. False-positive results were identified for Blastocystis spp., G. intestinalis, and Trichuris spp. using the NVD assay. The NVD mostly provides a diagnosis on the day of sample receipt compared with a mean of three days with RP. CONCLUSIONS Besides some limitations, the NVD is a new diagnostic strategy allowing rapid and high-plex detection of gastrointestinal parasites from unpreserved stools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hartuis
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, IICiMed, UR1155 44000 Nantes France
| | - Rose-Anne Lavergne
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, IICiMed, UR1155 44000 Nantes France
| | - Céline Nourrisson
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie–Mycologie, Centre de Biologie, CHU Gabriel Montpied 58 rue Montalembert 63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Jaco Verweij
- Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Microvida Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology PO Box 90151 5000 Tilburg The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Desoubeaux
- Service de Parasitologie – Mycologie – Médecine Tropicale, CHRU de Tours 2 Boulevard Tonnellé 37000 Tours France
| | - Florian Lussac-Sorton
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie–Mycologie PTMI – Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin Place Amélie Raba Léon 33076 Bordeaux France
| | | | - Estelle Cateau
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicales, CHU La Miletrie BP 577 86021 Poitiers Cedex France
| | - Fakhri Jeddi
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, IICiMed, UR1155 44000 Nantes France
| | - Philippe Poirier
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie–Mycologie, Centre de Biologie, CHU Gabriel Montpied 58 rue Montalembert 63000 Clermont-Ferrand France
| | - Patrice Le Pape
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, IICiMed, UR1155 44000 Nantes France
| | - Florent Morio
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, IICiMed, UR1155 44000 Nantes France
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Autier B, Boukthir S, Degeilh B, Belaz S, Dupuis A, Chevrier S, Gangneux JP, Robert-Gangneux F. Clinical value of serology for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in travelers and migrants: A 4-year retrospective study using the Bordier IVD ® Strongyloides ratti ELISA assay. Parasite 2021; 28:79. [PMID: 34870590 PMCID: PMC8647686 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Strongyloides stercoralis serology is a sensitive method for strongyloidiasis diagnosis, but it is prone to cross-reactions with other helminthiases. This four-year retrospective study aimed at estimating the performance of the Bordier IVD®Strongyloides ratti ELISA assay in a non-endemic country (France). The study included all patients tested for strongyloidiasis in our center between 2015 and 2019, by both serology and stool examination. Cases were defined using an algorithm considering serological results, microscopic examination of stools, and other biological, clinical or epidemiological data. The study included 805 stools from 341 patients (70% migrants, 20% travelers, 10% without travel to a highly endemic area). Thirty patients (8.8%) had positive serology, 9 had microscopically proven strongyloidiasis, and 11 and 10 were classified as probable and possible strongyloidiasis, respectively. Performances of microscopy and serology were compared, considering proven and probable strongyloidiasis as true infections. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of serology were 100%, 97%, 67% and 100%, respectively, and those of microscopic examination of stools were 45% (p < 0.01), 100% (p < 0.01), 100% (p = 0.079) and 96% (p < 0.001), respectively. Eosinophilia did not help in discriminating true-positive from false-positive results. Overall, these results underline the high value of the S. stercoralis serologic assay, compared to stool examination. The systematic use of this technique for screening purposes in travelers or migrants, or before onset of immunosuppressive therapy, could help to improve patient management and epidemiological knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Autier
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France - CHU Rennes, Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sarrah Boukthir
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, CIC-1414, 35000 Rennes, France - CHU Rennes, Laboratoire de bactériologie-hygiène hospitalière, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Brigitte Degeilh
- CHU Rennes, Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sorya Belaz
- CHU Rennes, Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Anne Dupuis
- CHU Rennes, Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sylviane Chevrier
- CHU Rennes, Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Gangneux
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France - CHU Rennes, Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Florence Robert-Gangneux
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement Travail), UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France - CHU Rennes, Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, 35000 Rennes, France
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