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Baker JL, Mark Welch JL, Kauffman KM, McLean JS, He X. The oral microbiome: diversity, biogeography and human health. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:89-104. [PMID: 37700024 PMCID: PMC11084736 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The human oral microbiota is highly diverse and has a complex ecology, comprising bacteria, microeukaryotes, archaea and viruses. These communities have elaborate and highly structured biogeography that shapes metabolic exchange on a local scale and results from the diverse microenvironments present in the oral cavity. The oral microbiota also interfaces with the immune system of the human host and has an important role in not only the health of the oral cavity but also systemic health. In this Review, we highlight recent advances including novel insights into the biogeography of several oral niches at the species level, as well as the ecological role of candidate phyla radiation bacteria and non-bacterial members of the oral microbiome. In addition, we summarize the relationship between the oral microbiota and the pathology of oral diseases and systemic diseases. Together, these advances move the field towards a more holistic understanding of the oral microbiota and its role in health, which in turn opens the door to the study of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon L Baker
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica L Mark Welch
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Xuesong He
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Collins CB, Nguyen TT, Leddy RS, Alula KM, Yeckes AR, Strassheim D, Aherne CM, Luck ME, Karoor V, Jedlicka P, Pierce A, de Zoeten EF. Heat shock factor 1 drives regulatory T-cell induction to limit murine intestinal inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:94-110. [PMID: 37944754 PMCID: PMC10953693 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The heat shock response is a critical component of the inflammatory cascade that prevents misfolding of new proteins and regulates immune responses. Activation of clusters of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells causes an upregulation of heat shock transcription factor, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). We hypothesized that HSF1 promotes a pro-regulatory phenotype during inflammation. To validate this hypothesis, we interrogated cell-specific HSF1 knockout mice and HSF1 transgenic mice using in vitro and in vivo techniques. We determined that while HSF1 expression was induced by anti-CD3 stimulation alone, the combination of anti-CD3 and transforming growth factor β, a vital cytokine for regulatory T cell (Treg) development, resulted in increased activating phosphorylation of HSF1, leading to increased nuclear translocation and binding to heat shock response elements. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we demonstrate the direct binding of HSF1 to foxp3 in isolated murine CD4+ T cells, which in turn coincided with induction of FoxP3 expression. We defined that conditional knockout of HSF1 decreased development and function of Tregs and overexpression of HSF1 led to increased expression of FoxP3 along with enhanced Treg suppressive function. Adoptive transfer of CD45RBHigh CD4 colitogenic T cells along with HSF1 transgenic CD25+ Tregs prevented intestinal inflammation when wild-type Tregs did not. Finally, overexpression of HSF1 provided enhanced barrier function and protection from murine ileitis. This study demonstrates that HSF1 promotes Treg development and function and may represent both a crucial step in the development of induced regulatory T cells and an exciting target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases with a regulatory T-cell component. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The heat shock response (HSR) is a canonical stress response triggered by a multitude of stressors, including inflammation. Evidence supports the role of the HSR in regulating inflammation, yet there is a paucity of data on its influence in T cells specifically. Gut homeostasis reflects a balance between regulatory clusters of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells and pro-inflammatory T-helper (Th)17 cells. We show that upon activation within T cells, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) translocates to the nucleus, and stimulates Treg-specific gene expression. HSF1 deficiency hinders Treg development and function and conversely, HSF1 overexpression enhances Treg development and function. While this work, focuses on HSF1 as a novel therapeutic target for intestinal inflammation, the findings have significance for a broad range of inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm B Collins
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tom T Nguyen
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert S Leddy
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kibrom M Alula
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alyson R Yeckes
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Derek Strassheim
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Carol M Aherne
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marisa E Luck
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul Jedlicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Edwin F de Zoeten
- Mucosal Inflammation Program University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Sun Z, Braga-Neto MB, Xiong Y, Bhagwate AV, Gibbons HR, Sagstetter MR, Hamdan FH, Baheti S, Friton J, Nair A, Ye Z, Faubion WA. Hypomethylation and Overexpression of Th17-Associated Genes is a Hallmark of Intestinal CD4+ Lymphocytes in Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1847-1857. [PMID: 37280154 PMCID: PMC10673812 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of Crohn's disease [CD] involves immune cell signalling pathways regulated by epigenetic modifications. Aberrant DNA methylation has been identified in peripheral blood and bulk intestinal tissue from CD patients. However, the DNA methylome of disease-associated intestinal CD4+ lymphocytes has not been evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing was performed from terminal ileum CD4+ cells from 21 CD patients and 12 age- and sex-matched controls. Data were analysed for differentially methylated CpGs [DMCs] and methylated regions [DMRs]. Integration was performed with RNA-sequencing data to evaluate the functional impact of DNA methylation changes on gene expression. DMRs were overlapped with regions of differentially open chromatin [by ATAC-seq] and CCCTC-binding factor [CTCF] binding sites [by ChIP-seq] between peripherally derived Th17 and Treg cells. RESULTS CD4+ cells in CD patients had significantly increased DNA methylation compared to those from the controls. A total of 119 051 DMCs and 8113 DMRs were detected. While hypermethylated genes were mostly related to cell metabolism and homeostasis, hypomethylated genes were significantly enriched within the Th17 signalling pathway. The differentially enriched ATAC regions in Th17 cells [compared to Tregs] were hypomethylated in CD patients, suggesting heightened Th17 activity. There was significant overlap between hypomethylated DNA regions and CTCF-associated binding sites. CONCLUSIONS The methylome of CD patients shows an overall dominant hypermethylation yet hypomethylation is more concentrated in proinflammatory pathways, including Th17 differentiation. Hypomethylation of Th17-related genes associated with areas of open chromatin and CTCF binding sites constitutes a hallmark of CD-associated intestinal CD4+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Sun
- Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Manuel B Braga-Neto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yuning Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Adytia V Bhagwate
- Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hunter R Gibbons
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mary R Sagstetter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Feda H Hamdan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Saurabh Baheti
- Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jessica Friton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Asha Nair
- Division of Computational Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhenqing Ye
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - William A Faubion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Martini GR, Tikhonova E, Rosati E, DeCelie MB, Sievers LK, Tran F, Lessing M, Bergfeld A, Hinz S, Nikolaus S, Kümpers J, Matysiak A, Hofmann P, Saggau C, Schneiders S, Kamps AK, Jacobs G, Lieb W, Maul J, Siegmund B, Seegers B, Hinrichsen H, Oberg HH, Wesch D, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM, Rupp J, Kniemeyer O, Brakhage AA, Brunke S, Hube B, Aden K, Franke A, Iliev ID, Scheffold A, Schreiber S, Bacher P. Selection of cross-reactive T cells by commensal and food-derived yeasts drives cytotoxic T H1 cell responses in Crohn's disease. Nat Med 2023; 29:2602-2614. [PMID: 37749331 PMCID: PMC10579100 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant CD4+ T cell reactivity against intestinal microorganisms is considered to drive mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases. The disease-relevant microbial species and the corresponding microorganism-specific, pathogenic T cell phenotypes remain largely unknown. In the present study, we identified common gut commensal and food-derived yeasts, as direct activators of altered CD4+ T cell reactions in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Yeast-responsive CD4+ T cells in CD display a cytotoxic T helper cell (TH1 cell) phenotype and show selective expansion of T cell clones that are highly cross-reactive to several commensal, as well as food-derived, fungal species. This indicates cross-reactive T cell selection by repeated encounter with conserved fungal antigens in the context of chronic intestinal disease. Our results highlighted a role of yeasts as drivers of aberrant CD4+ T cell reactivity in patients with CD and suggest that both gut-resident fungal commensals and daily dietary intake of yeasts might contribute to chronic activation of inflammatory CD4+ T cell responses in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Rios Martini
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Tikhonova
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Elisa Rosati
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Meghan Bialt DeCelie
- The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Katharina Sievers
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Tran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Lessing
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arne Bergfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sophia Hinz
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanna Nikolaus
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Kümpers
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Matysiak
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Hofmann
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carina Saggau
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Schneiders
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Kamps
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gunnar Jacobs
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and popgen Biobank, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and popgen Biobank, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Maul
- Gastroenterologie am Bayerischen Platz, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Hans-Heinrich Oberg
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Wesch
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Olaf Kniemeyer
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A Brakhage
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - Sascha Brunke
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Friedrich Schiller Universität, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Konrad Aden
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Iliyan D Iliev
- The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
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Boardman DA, Wong MQ, Rees WD, Wu D, Himmel ME, Orban PC, Vent-Schmidt J, Zachos NC, Steiner TS, Levings MK. Flagellin-specific human CAR Tregs for immune regulation in IBD. J Autoimmun 2023; 134:102961. [PMID: 36470208 PMCID: PMC9908852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy is a promising strategy to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Data from animal models has shown that Tregs specific for intestinal antigens are more potent than polyclonal Tregs at inhibiting colitis. Flagellins, the major structural proteins of bacterial flagella, are immunogenic antigens frequently targeted in IBD subjects, leading to the hypothesis that flagellin-specific Tregs could be an effective cell therapy for IBD. We developed a novel chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for flagellin derived from Escherichia coli H18 (FliC). We used this CAR to confer FliC-specificity to human Tregs and investigated their therapeutic potential. FliC-CAR Tregs were activated by recombinant FliC protein but not a control flagellin protein, demonstrating CAR specificity and functionality. In a humanized mouse model, expression of the FliC-CAR drove preferential migration to the colon and expression of the activation marker PD1. In the presence of recombinant FliC protein in vitro, FliC-CAR Tregs were significantly more suppressive than control Tregs and promoted the establishment of colon-derived epithelial cell monolayers. These results demonstrate the potential of FliC-CAR Tregs to treat IBD and more broadly show the therapeutic potential of CARs targeting microbial-derived antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic A Boardman
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - May Q Wong
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - William D Rees
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Megan E Himmel
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul C Orban
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jens Vent-Schmidt
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicholas C Zachos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theodore S Steiner
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan K Levings
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada.
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6
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Morgan NN, Duck LW, Wu J, Rujani M, Thomes PG, Elson CO, Mannon PJ. Crohn's Disease Patients Uniquely Contain Inflammatory Responses to Flagellin in a CD4 Effector Memory Subset. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:1893-1903. [PMID: 35931421 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific microbial antigens stimulate production of antibodies indicative of the aberrant immune response in Crohn's disease (CD). We tested for T cell reactivity linkage to B cell responses and now report on the prevalence, functionality, and phenotypic differences of flagellin-specific T cells among CD patients, ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and control subjects and association with clinical features and flagellin seropositivity within CD patients. METHODS Sera from non-inflammatory bowel disease control subjects, CD patients, and UC patients were probed for antibody reactivity to gut bacterial recombinant flagellin antigens. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured for flagellin antigen (CBir1, A4 Fla2, FlaX) or control (Candida albicans, and CytoStim) reactivity analyzed by flow cytometry for CD154 and cytokine expression on CD4+ T cells. Supernatants from post-flagellin-stimulated and unstimulated cells were used to measure effects on epithelial barrier function. RESULTS CD patients had a significantly higher percentage of flagellin-specific CD154+ CD4+ cells that have an effector memory T helper 1 and T helper 17 phenotype compared with UC patients and healthy control subjects. There was a positive correlation between the frequency of flagellin-specific CD154+ CD4+ effector memory T cells and serum levels of anti-flagellin immunoglobulin G in the CD patients. In addition, A4 Fla2-reactive T cells from active CD patients produced cytokines that can decrease barrier function in a gut epithelium. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate a Crohn's-associated flagellin-reactive CD4 cell subset distinct from UC patients and control subjects. There is a link between these cells and flagellin seropositivity. This CD4 cell subset could reflect a particular endophenotype of CD, leading to novel insight into its pathology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine N Morgan
- Program in Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lennard W Duck
- Program in Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jiongru Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Paustian IBD Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Medical Service and Department of Medicine, Omaha VA Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mahmud Rujani
- Medical Service and Department of Medicine, Omaha VA Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paul G Thomes
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Paustian IBD Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Medical Service and Department of Medicine, Omaha VA Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Charles O Elson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Peter J Mannon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Paustian IBD Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Medical Service and Department of Medicine, Omaha VA Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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7
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Yuan Y, Fu M, Li N, Ye M. Identification of immune infiltration and cuproptosis-related subgroups in Crohn's disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1074271. [PMID: 36466876 PMCID: PMC9713932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1074271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Crohn's disease (CD) is a type of heterogeneous, dysfunctional immune-mediated intestinal chronic and recurrent inflammation caused by a variety of etiologies. Cuproptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death that seems to contribute to the advancement of a variety of illnesses. Consequently, the major purpose of our research was to examine the role of cuproptosis-related genes in CD. Methods We obtained two CD datasets from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database, and immune cell infiltration was created to investigate immune cell dysregulation in CD. Based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the cuproptosis gene set, differentially expressed genes of cuproptosis (CuDEGs) were found. Then, candidate hub cuproptosis-associated genes were found using machine learning methods. Subsequently, using 437 CD samples, we explored two distinct subclusters based on hub cuproptosis-related genes. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and immune infiltration analysis studies were also used to assess the distinct roles of the subclusters. Results Overall, 25 CuDEGs were identified, including ABCB6, BACE1, FDX1, GLS, LIAS, MT1M, PDHA1, etc. And most CuDEGs were expressed at lower levels in CD samples and were negatively related to immune cell infiltration. Through the machine learning algorithms, a seven gene cuproptosis-signature was identified and two cuproptosis-related subclusters were defined. Cluster-specific differentially expressed genes were found only in one cluster, and functional analysis revealed that they were involved in several immune response processes. And the results of GSVA showed positive significant enrichment in immune-related pathways in cluster A, while positive significant enrichment in metabolic pathways in cluster B. In addition, an immune infiltration study indicated substantial variation in immunity across different groups. Immunological scores were higher and immune infiltration was more prevalent in Cluster A. Conclusion According to the current research, the cuproptosis phenomenon occurs in CD and is correlated with immune cell infiltration and metabolic activity. This information indicates that cuproptosis may promote CD progression by inducing immunological response and metabolic dysfunction. This research has opened new avenues for investigating the causes of CD and developing potential therapeutic targets for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Clinical Centre and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingyue Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Clinical Centre and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Clinical Centre and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mei Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Hubei Clinical Centre and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Mei Ye,
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8
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Dotti I, Mayorgas A, Salas A. Generation of human colon organoids from healthy and inflammatory bowel disease mucosa. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276195. [PMID: 36301950 PMCID: PMC9612551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) of unknown cause characterized by a relapsing-remitting behavior. Growing evidence supports the idea that the epithelial barrier plays a central role in the pathogenesis of IBD as well as in its evolution over time, thus representing a potential target for novel therapeutic options. In the last decade, the introduction of 3D epithelial cultures from ex vivo-expanded intestinal adult stem cells (ASCs) has impacted our ability to study the function of the epithelium in several gastrointestinal disorders, including IBD. Here, we describe in detail a reproducible protocol to generate Matrigel-embedded epithelial organoids from ASCs of non-IBD and IBD donors using small colonic biopsies, including steps for its optimization. A slightly modified version of this protocol is also provided in case surgical samples are used. With this method, epithelial organoids can be expanded over several passages, thereby generating a large quantity of viable cells that can be used in multiple downstream analyses including genetic, transcriptional, proteomic and/or functional studies. In addition, 3D cultures generated using our protocol are suitable for the establishment of 2D cultures, which can model relevant cell-to-cell interactions that occur in IBD mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Dotti
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Mayorgas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBER-EHD, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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9
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Xiao F, Gao X, Hu H, Le J, Chen Y, Shu X, Liang Z, Xu Y, Wang Y, Zhang T. Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects through Modulating Microbiota, Bile Acid Metabolism, and Immune Activities. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214463. [PMID: 36364726 PMCID: PMC9657881 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) can induce remission in patients with pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD). This study aims to depict EEN’s modification of bile acid (BA) metabolism in pediatric CD and explores the effect of the EEN-enriched BA in inhibiting the inflammatory response. The twelve enrolled pediatric CD patients showed BA dysmetabolism, represented by decreased levels of fecal secondary and unconjugated BAs as determined by UPLC–TQMS, which were accompanied by gut microbiota dysbiosis and reduced BA-metabolizing bacteria including Eubacterium and Ruminococcus genera, assessed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. EEN treatment induced remission in these patients at eight weeks, and nine patients remained in stable remission for longer than 48 weeks. EEN improved BA dysmetabolism, with some enriched BAs, including hyocholic acid (HCA), α-muricholic acid (αMCA), strongly associated with decreased severity of CD symptoms. These BAs were significantly correlated with the increased abundance of certain bacteria, including Clostridium innocuum and Hungatella hathewayi, which express 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 5β-reductase. HCA could suppress TNF-α production by CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of CD patients. Moreover, intraperitoneal injection of HCA could attenuate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse colitis. Our data suggests that BA modification may contribute to the EEN-induced remission of pediatric CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jun Le
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xingsheng Shu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ziwei Liang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Yizhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Correspondence:
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10
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Pedersen TK, Brown EM, Plichta DR, Johansen J, Twardus SW, Delorey TM, Lau H, Vlamakis H, Moon JJ, Xavier RJ, Graham DB. The CD4 + T cell response to a commensal-derived epitope transitions from a tolerant to an inflammatory state in Crohn's disease. Immunity 2022; 55:1909-1923.e6. [PMID: 36115338 PMCID: PMC9890645 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between host T helper cells and gut microbiota enforce local immunological tolerance and modulate extra-intestinal immunity. However, our understanding of antigen-specific tolerance to the microbiome is limited. Here, we developed a systematic approach to predict HLA class-II-specific epitopes using the humanized bacteria-originated T cell antigen (hBOTA) algorithm. We identified a diverse set of microbiome epitopes spanning all major taxa that are compatible with presentation by multiple HLA-II alleles. In particular, we uncovered an immunodominant epitope from the TonB-dependent receptor SusC that was universally recognized and ubiquitous among Bacteroidales. In healthy human subjects, SusC-reactive T cell responses were characterized by IL-10-dominant cytokine profiles, whereas in patients with active Crohn's disease, responses were associated with elevated IL-17A. Our results highlight the potential of targeted antigen discovery within the microbiome to reveal principles of tolerance and functional transitions during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K Pedersen
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Disease Systems Immunology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Section for Protein Science and Biotherapeutics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Eric M Brown
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Damian R Plichta
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joachim Johansen
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shaina W Twardus
- Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Toni M Delorey
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Helena Lau
- Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hera Vlamakis
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Daniel B Graham
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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11
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van Unen V, Ouboter LF, Li N, Schreurs M, Abdelaal T, Kooy-Winkelaar Y, Beyrend G, Höllt T, Maljaars PWJ, Mearin ML, Mahfouz A, Witte AMC, Clemens CHM, Abraham S, Escher JC, Lelieveldt BPF, Pascutti MF, van der Meulen – de Jong AE, Koning F. Identification of a Disease-Associated Network of Intestinal Immune Cells in Treatment-Naive Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893803. [PMID: 35812429 PMCID: PMC9260579 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic intestinal inflammation underlies inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previous studies indicated alterations in the cellular immune system; however, it has been challenging to interrogate the role of all immune cell subsets simultaneously. Therefore, we aimed to identify immune cell types associated with inflammation in IBD using high-dimensional mass cytometry. We analyzed 188 intestinal biopsies and paired blood samples of newly-diagnosed, treatment-naive patients (n=42) and controls (n=26) in two independent cohorts. We applied mass cytometry (36-antibody panel) to resolve single cells and analyzed the data with unbiased Hierarchical-SNE. In addition, imaging-mass cytometry (IMC) was performed to reveal the spatial distribution of the immune subsets in the tissue. We identified 44 distinct immune subsets. Correlation network analysis identified a network of inflammation-associated subsets, including HLA-DR+CD38+ EM CD4+ T cells, T regulatory-like cells, PD1+ EM CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, CD27+ TCRγδ cells and NK cells. All disease-associated subsets were validated in a second cohort. This network was abundant in a subset of patients, independent of IBD subtype, severity or intestinal location. Putative disease-associated CD4+ T cells were detectable in blood. Finally, imaging-mass cytometry revealed the spatial colocalization of neutrophils, memory CD4+ T cells and myeloid cells in the inflamed intestine. Our study indicates that a cellular network of both innate and adaptive immune cells colocalizes in inflamed biopsies from a subset of patients. These results contribute to dissecting disease heterogeneity and may guide the development of targeted therapeutics in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent van Unen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Laura F. Ouboter
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Na Li
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mette Schreurs
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tamim Abdelaal
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Computer Graphics and Visualization, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | | | - Guillaume Beyrend
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Höllt
- Computer Graphics and Visualization, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - P. W. Jeroen Maljaars
- Department of Gastroenterology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - M. Luisa Mearin
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Mahfouz
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Computer Graphics and Visualization, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne M. C. Witte
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alrijne Hospital, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Sunje Abraham
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alrijne Hospital, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johanna C. Escher
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn P. F. Lelieveldt
- Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics Group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Department of The Division of Imaging Processing (LKEB) Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Frits Koning,
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12
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Kitamoto S, Kamada N. Untangling the oral-gut axis in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation. Int Immunol 2022; 34:485-490. [PMID: 35716367 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of literature reveals that host-microbe networks are well-coordinated and impact human health and disease. Recently, it has become evident that an abnormal alteration in bacterial configuration in the oral cavity, namely oral dysbiosis, caused by periodontal inflammation, is associated with various distant inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. However, the extent to which the relationships between oral and distant disorders are merely an association or are causally triggered by oral microorganisms remains debated. In this mini-review, we highlight mechanisms in inter-related organ system diseases , particularly the one between oral and gut inflammation. Further, we discuss clinical perspectives and propose a novel concept of a multi-hit hypothesis in the pathogenesis of gut inflammation, based on our updated knowledge of shared microbiological and immunological pathways between the oral and gut mucosae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kitamoto
- The World Premier International Research Center (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), 1012 IFReC Research Building, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- The World Premier International Research Center (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), 1012 IFReC Research Building, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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13
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Kitamoto S, Kamada N. Periodontal connection with intestinal inflammation: Microbiological and immunological mechanisms. Periodontol 2000 2022; 89:142-153. [PMID: 35244953 PMCID: PMC9018512 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Humans have coevolved with the trillions of resident microbes that populate every nook and cranny of the body. At each site, the resident microbiota creates a unique ecosystem specialized to its environment, benefiting the development and maintenance of human physiology through harmonious symbiotic relationships with the host. However, when the resident microbiota is perturbed, significant complications may arise with disastrous consequences that affect the local and distant ecosystems. In this context, periodontal disease results in inflammation beyond the oral cavity, such as in the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating evidence indicates that potentially harmful oral resident bacteria (referred to as pathobionts) and pathogenic immune cells in the oral mucosa can migrate to the lower gastrointestinal tract and contribute to intestinal inflammation. We will review the most recent advances concerning the periodontal connection with intestinal inflammation from microbiological and immunological perspectives. Potential therapeutic approaches that target the connection between the mouth and the gut to treat gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, will be examined. Deciphering the complex interplay between microbes and immunity along the mouth-gut axis will provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of both oral and gut pathologies and present therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kitamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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14
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Sphingosine 1-phosphate modulation and immune cell trafficking in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:351-366. [PMID: 35165437 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immune cell trafficking is a critical element of the intestinal immune response, both in homeostasis and in pathological conditions associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This process involves adhesion molecules, chemoattractants and receptors expressed on immune cell surfaces, blood vessels and stromal intestinal tissue as well as signalling pathways, including those modulated by sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). The complex biological processes of leukocyte recruitment, activation, adhesion and migration have been targeted by various monoclonal antibodies (vedolizumab, etrolizumab, ontamalimab). Promising preclinical and clinical data with several oral S1P modulators suggest that inhibition of lymphocyte egress from the lymph nodes to the bloodstream might be a safe and efficacious alternative mechanism for reducing inflammation in immune-mediated disorders, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Although various questions remain, including the potential positioning of S1P modulators in treatment algorithms and their long-term safety, this novel class of compounds holds great promise. This Review summarizes the critical mediators and mechanisms involved in immune cell trafficking in IBD and the available evidence for efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of S1P receptor modulators in IBD and other immune-mediated disorders. Further, it discusses potential future approaches to incorporate S1P modulators into the treatment of IBD.
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15
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Muschaweck M, Kopplin L, Ticconi F, Schippers A, Iljazovic A, Gálvez EJC, Abdallah AT, Wagner N, Costa IG, Strowig T, Pabst O. Cognate recognition of microbial antigens defines constricted CD4 + T cell receptor repertoires in the inflamed colon. Immunity 2021; 54:2565-2577.e6. [PMID: 34582747 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Key aspects of intestinal T cells, including their antigen specificity and their selection by the microbiota and other intestinal antigens, as well as the contribution of individual T cell clones to regulatory and effector functions, remain unresolved. Here we tracked adoptively transferred T cell populations to specify the interrelation of T cell receptor repertoire and the gut antigenic environment. We show that dominant TCRα clonotypes were shared between interferon-γ- and interleukin-17-producing but not regulatory Foxp3+ T cells. Identical TCRα clonotypes accumulated in the colon of different individuals, whereas antibiotics or defined colonization correlated with the expansion of distinct expanded T cell clonotypes. Our results demonstrate key aspects of intestinal CD4+ T cell activation and suggest that few microbial species exert a dominant effect on the intestinal T cell repertoire during colitis. We speculate that dominant proinflammatory T cell clones might provide a therapeutic target in human inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Muschaweck
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lydia Kopplin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabio Ticconi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela Schippers
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aida Iljazovic
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eric J C Gálvez
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ali T Abdallah
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan G Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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16
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Alexander T, Snowden JA, Burman J, Chang HD, Del Papa N, Farge D, Lindsay JO, Malard F, Muraro PA, Nitti R, Salas A, Sharrack B, Mohty M, Greco R. Intestinal Microbiome in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation For Autoimmune Diseases: Considerations and Perspectives on Behalf of Autoimmune Diseases Working Party (ADWP) of the EBMT. Front Oncol 2021; 11:722436. [PMID: 34745944 PMCID: PMC8569851 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.722436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been evolving as specific treatment for patients with severe and refractory autoimmune diseases (ADs), where mechanistic studies have provided evidence for a profound immune renewal facilitating the observed beneficial responses. The intestinal microbiome plays an important role in host physiology including shaping the immune repertoire. The relationships between intestinal microbiota composition and outcomes after HSCT for hematologic diseases have been identified, particularly for predicting the mortality from infectious and non-infectious causes. Furthermore, therapeutic manipulations of the gut microbiota, such as fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), have emerged as promising therapeutic approaches for restoring the functional and anatomical integrity of the intestinal microbiota post-transplantation. Although changes in the intestinal microbiome have been linked to various ADs, studies investigating the effect of intestinal dysbiosis on HSCT outcomes for ADs are scarce and require further attention. Herein, we describe some of the landmark microbiome studies in HSCT recipients and patients with chronic ADs, and discuss the challenges and opportunities of microbiome research for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in the context of HSCT for ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Alexander
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology - Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ Berlin) - a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - John A Snowden
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Burman
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ Berlin) - a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Dominique Farge
- Unité de Médecine Interne: (UF 04) CRMR MATHEC, Maladies Auto-Immunes et Thérapie Cellulaire, Paris, France.,Universite de Paris, IRSL, Recherche Clinique Appliquee `à l'´hématologie, Paris, France.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James O Lindsay
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florent Malard
- Service d'hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Antoine, APHP, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRs 938, Paris, France
| | - Paolo A Muraro
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosamaria Nitti
- Unit of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Basil Sharrack
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS, Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,NIHR Neurosciences Biomedical Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Service d'hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Antoine, APHP, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRs 938, Paris, France
| | - Raffaella Greco
- Unit of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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17
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Lee SH, Turpin W, Espin-Garcia O, Raygoza Garay JA, Smith MI, Leibovitzh H, Goethel A, Turner D, Mack D, Deslandres C, Cino M, Aumais G, Panaccione R, Jacobson K, Bitton A, Steinhart AH, Huynh HQ, Princen F, Moayyedi P, Griffiths AM, Silverberg MS, Paterson AD, Xu W, Croitoru K. Anti-Microbial Antibody Response is Associated With Future Onset of Crohn's Disease Independent of Biomarkers of Altered Gut Barrier Function, Subclinical Inflammation, and Genetic Risk. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1540-1551. [PMID: 34293299 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Altered host immune reactivity to microbial antigens is hypothesized to trigger the onset of Crohn's disease (CD). We aimed to assess whether increased serum anti-microbial antibody response in asymptomatic first-degree relatives (FDRs) of CD patients is an independent risk factor for future CD development. METHODS We measured host serum antibody response to 6 microbial antigens at enrollment (Prometheus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test: anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies immunoglobulin A/immunoglobulin G, anti-OmpC, anti-A4-Fla2, anti-FlaX, anti-CBir1) and derived the sum of positive antibodies (AS). We used samples at enrollment of prospectively followed healthy FDRs from a nested case-control cohort of the Crohn's and Colitis Canada Genetics Environment Microbial Project. Those who later developed CD (n = 77) were matched 1:4 by age, sex, follow-up duration, and geographic location with control FDRs remaining healthy (n = 307). To address our research aims, we fitted a multivariable conditional logistic regression model and performed causal mediation analysis. RESULTS High baseline AS (≥2) (43% of cases, 11% of controls) was associated with higher risk of developing CD (adjusted odds ratio, 6.5; 95% confidence interval, 3.4-12.7; P < .001). Importantly, this association remained significant when adjusted for markers of gut barrier function, fecal calprotectin, C-reactive protein, and CD-polygenic risk score, and in subjects recruited more than 3 years before diagnosis. Causal mediation analysis showed that the effect of high AS on future CD development is partially mediated (42%) via preclinical gut inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that increased anti-microbial antibody responses are associated with risk of future development of CD, independent of biomarkers of abnormal gut barrier function, subclinical inflammation, and CD-related genetic risks. This suggests that anti-microbial antibody responses are an early predisease event in the development of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ho Lee
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Williams Turpin
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Osvaldo Espin-Garcia
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto and Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle I Smith
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haim Leibovitzh
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashleigh Goethel
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dan Turner
- The Juliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Mack
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colette Deslandres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria Cino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guy Aumais
- Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevan Jacobson
- Canadian Gastro-Intestinal Epidemiology Consortium, Canada, British Columbia Children's Hospital, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alain Bitton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - A Hillary Steinhart
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hien Q Huynh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Paul Moayyedi
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne M Griffiths
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Silverberg
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto and Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto and Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Kenneth Croitoru
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Casalegno Garduño R, Däbritz J. New Insights on CD8 + T Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Immunol 2021; 12:738762. [PMID: 34707610 PMCID: PMC8542854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a complex multifactorial chronic disease. Here, we present an overview of the current research with the controversial findings of CD8+ T cell subsets and discuss some possible perspectives on their therapeutic value in IBD. Studies on the role of CD8+ T cells in IBD have contradictory outcomes, which might be related to the heterogeneity of the cells. Recent data suggest that cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (Tc1) and interleukin (IL) 17-producing CD8+ (Tc17) cells contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. Moreover, subsets of regulatory CD8+ T cells are abundant at sites of inflammation and can exhibit pro-inflammatory features. Some subsets of tissue resident memory CD8+ T cells (Trm) might be immunosuppressant, whereas others might be pro-inflammatory. Lastly, exhausted T cells might indicate a positive outcome for patients. The function and plasticity of different subsets of CD8+ T cells in health and IBD remain to be further investigated in a challenging field due to the limited availability of mucosal samples and adequate controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaely Casalegno Garduño
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Department of Pediatrics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Däbritz
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Department of Pediatrics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Center for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, The Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Imai J, Ichikawa H, Kitamoto S, Golob JL, Kaneko M, Nagata J, Takahashi M, Gillilland MG, Tanaka R, Nagao-Kitamoto H, Hayashi A, Sugihara K, Bishu S, Tsuda S, Ito H, Kojima S, Karakida K, Matsushima M, Suzuki T, Hozumi K, Watanabe N, Giannobile WV, Shirai T, Suzuki H, Kamada N. A potential pathogenic association between periodontal disease and Crohn's disease. JCI Insight 2021; 6:148543. [PMID: 34710061 PMCID: PMC8675195 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral conditions are relatively common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the contribution of oral maladies to gut inflammation remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the effect of periodontitis on disease phenotypes of patients with IBD. In all, 60 patients with IBD (42 with ulcerative colitis [UC] and 18 with Crohn’s disease [CD]) and 45 healthy controls (HCs) without IBD were recruited for this clinical investigation. The effects of incipient periodontitis on the oral and gut microbiome as well as IBD characteristics were examined. In addition, patients were prospectively monitored for up to 12 months after enrollment. We found that, in both patients with UC and those with CD, the gut microbiome was significantly more similar to the oral microbiome than in HCs, suggesting that ectopic gut colonization by oral bacteria is increased in patients with IBD. Incipient periodontitis did not further enhance gut colonization by oral bacteria. The presence of incipient periodontitis did not significantly affect the clinical outcomes of patients with UC and CD. However, the short CD activity index increased in patients with CD with incipient periodontitis but declined or was unchanged during the study period in patients without periodontitis. Thus, early periodontitis may associate with worse clinically symptoms in some patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Imai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ichikawa
- Center for Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Kitamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Jonathan L Golob
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Motoki Kaneko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junko Nagata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Takahashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Merritt G Gillilland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Rika Tanaka
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nagao-Kitamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Hayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Kohei Sugihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Shrinivas Bishu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Shingo Tsuda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Kojima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Karakida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Matsushima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuto Hozumi
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norihito Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - William V Giannobile
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, United States of America
| | - Takayuki Shirai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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20
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Prasoodanan P K V, Sharma AK, Mahajan S, Dhakan DB, Maji A, Scaria J, Sharma VK. Western and non-western gut microbiomes reveal new roles of Prevotella in carbohydrate metabolism and mouth-gut axis. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:77. [PMID: 34620880 PMCID: PMC8497558 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The abundance and diversity of host-associated Prevotella species have a profound impact on human health. To investigate the composition, diversity, and functional roles of Prevotella in the human gut, a population-wide analysis was carried out on 586 healthy samples from western and non-western populations including the largest Indian cohort comprising of 200 samples, and 189 Inflammatory Bowel Disease samples from western populations. A higher abundance and diversity of Prevotella copri species enriched in complex plant polysaccharides metabolizing enzymes, particularly pullulanase containing polysaccharide-utilization-loci (PUL), were found in Indian and non-western populations. A higher diversity of oral inflammations-associated Prevotella species and an enrichment of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in the gut microbiome of western populations speculates an existence of a mouth-gut axis. The study revealed the landscape of Prevotella composition in the human gut microbiome and its impact on health in western and non-western populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Prasoodanan P K
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Ashok K Sharma
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
- Department of Animal Science, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Shruti Mahajan
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Darshan B Dhakan
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
- Behaviour and Metabolism Laboratory, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, 1400-038, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Abhijit Maji
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
- Animal Disease Research & Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Joy Scaria
- Animal Disease Research & Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Vineet K Sharma
- MetaBioSys Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India.
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21
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T lymphocytes as critical mediators in tissue regeneration, fibrosis, and the foreign body response. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:17-33. [PMID: 33905946 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Research on the foreign body response (FBR) to biomaterial implants has been focused on the roles that the innate immune system has on mediating tolerance or rejection of implants. However, the immune system also involves the adaptive immune response and it must be included in order to form a complete picture of the response to biomaterials and medical implants. In this review, we explore recent understanding about the roles of adaptive immune cells, specifically T cells, in modulating the immune response to biomaterial implants. The immune response to implants elicits a delicate balance between tissue repair and fibrosis that is mainly regulated by three types of T helper cell responses -T helper type 1, T helper type 2, and T helper type 17- and their crosstalk with innate immune cells. Interestingly, many T cell response mechanisms to implants overlap with the process of fibrosis or repair in different tissues. This review explores the fibrotic and regenerative T cell biology and draws parallels to T cell responses to biomaterials. Additionally, we also explore the biomedical engineering advancements in biomaterial applications in designing particle and scaffold systems to modulate T cell activity for therapeutics and devices. Not only do the deliberate engineering design of physical and chemical material properties and the direct genetic modulation of T cells not only offer insights to T cell biology, but they also present different platforms to develop immunomodulatory biomaterials. Thus, an in-depth understanding of T cells' roles can help to navigate the biomaterial-immune interactions and reconsider the long-lasting adaptive immune response to implants, which, in the end, contribute to the design of immunomodulatory medical implants that can advance the next generation of regenerative therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review article integrates knowledge of adaptive immune responses in tissue damage, wound healing, and medical device implantation. These three fields, often not discussed in conjunction, are important to consider when evaluating and designing biomaterials. Through incorporation of basic biological research alongside engineering research, we provide an important lens through which to evaluate adaptive immune contributions to regenerative medicine and medical device development.
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22
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Porphyromonas gingivalis exacerbates ulcerative colitis via Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:31. [PMID: 34593756 PMCID: PMC8484350 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) has been reported to be related to Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD), a virulence factor released by P. gingivalis, is known to induce inflammatory responses. To explore the pathological relationships between PPAD and UC, we used homologous recombination technology to construct a P. gingivalis strain in which the PPAD gene was deleted (Δppad) and a Δppad strain in which the PPAD gene was restored (comΔppad). C57BL/6 mice were orally gavaged with saline, P. gingivalis, Δppad, or comΔppad twice a week for the entire 40 days (days 0-40), and then, UC was induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) solution for 10 days (days 31-40). P. gingivalis and comΔppad exacerbated DDS-induced colitis, which was determined by assessing the parameters of colon length, disease activity index, and histological activity index, but Δppad failed to exacerbate DDS-induced colitis. Flow cytometry and ELISA revealed that compared with Δppad, P. gingivalis, and comΔppad increased T helper 17 (Th17) cell numbers and interleukin (IL)-17 production but decreased regulatory T cells (Tregs) numbers and IL-10 production in the spleens of mice with UC. We also cocultured P. gingivalis, Δppad, or comΔppad with T lymphocytes in vitro and found that P. gingivalis and comΔppad significantly increased Th17 cell numbers and decreased Treg cell numbers. Immunofluorescence staining of colon tissue paraffin sections also confirmed these results. The results suggested that P. gingivalis exacerbated the severity of UC in part via PPAD.
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23
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Alexander KL, Zhao Q, Reif M, Rosenberg AF, Mannon PJ, Duck LW, Elson CO. Human Microbiota Flagellins Drive Adaptive Immune Responses in Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:522-535.e6. [PMID: 33844987 PMCID: PMC8489510 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are characterized by dysregulated adaptive immune responses to the microbiota in genetically susceptible individuals, but the specificity of these responses remains largely undefined. Therefore, we developed a microbiota antigen microarray to characterize microbial antibody reactivity, particularly to human-derived microbiota flagellins, in inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS Sera from healthy volunteers (n = 87) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and from patients recruited from the Kirklin Clinic of University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, including patients with Crohn's disease (n = 152) and ulcerative colitis (n = 170), were individually probed against microbiota bacterial flagellins of both mouse and human origin and analyzed for IgG and IgA antibody responses. Circulating flagellin-reactive T effector (CD4+CD154+) and T regulatory (CD4+CD137+) cells were isolated and evaluated in selected patients. Resulting adaptive immune responses were compared with corresponding clinical data to determine relevancy to disease behavior. RESULTS We show that patients with IBD express selective patterns of antibody reactivity to microbiota flagellins. Patients with Crohn's disease, but not patients with ulcerative colitis, display augmented serum IgG to human ileal-localized Lachnospiraceae flagellins, with a subset of patients having high responses to more than 10 flagellins. Elevated responses to CBir1, a mouse Lachnospiraceae flagellin used clinically to diagnose CD, correlated with multi-Lachnospiraceae flagellin reactivity. In this subset of patients with CD, multi-flagellin reactivity was associated with elevated flagellin-specific CD154+CD45RA- T memory cells, a reduced ratio of flagellin-reactive CD4+ T regulatory to T effector cells, and a high frequency of disease complications. CONCLUSIONS Patients with Crohn's disease display strong adaptive immune response to human-derived Lachnospiraceae flagellins, which may be targeted for prognosis and future personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Alexander
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Meagan Reif
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Alexander F. Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama,Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Peter J. Mannon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Medical
Service, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lennard Wayne Duck
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Charles O. Elson
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Sartor RB. Targeting Adaptive Immune Responses to Human Bacterial Flagellins in Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:416-418. [PMID: 34015336 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Balfour Sartor
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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25
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Immunomodulatory roles of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in bacterial infections. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111817. [PMID: 34126349 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, an overwhelming amount of evidence has positively recommended a significant role of microbiota in human health and disease. Microbiota also plays a crucial role in the initiation, preparation, and function of the host immune response. Recently, it has been shown that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the primary metabolites of the intestinal microbiota produced by anaerobic fermentation, which contributes to the host-pathogen interaction. SCFAs, such as propionate, acetate, and butyrate, are bacterial metabolites with immunomodulatory activity, and they are indispensable for the maintenance of homeostasis. Some evidence indicates that they are involved in the development of infections. In the present study, we provide the latest findings on the role of SCFAs in response to bacterial infections.
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26
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Huang J, Xu X, Yang J. miRNAs Alter T Helper 17 Cell Fate in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:593473. [PMID: 33968012 PMCID: PMC8096907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.593473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells are characterized by the secretion of the IL-17 cytokine and are essential for the immune response against bacterial and fungal infections. Despite the beneficial roles of Th17 cells, unrestrained IL-17 production can contribute to immunopathology and inflammatory autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Although these diverse outcomes are directed by the activation of Th17 cells, the regulation of Th17 cells is incompletely understood. The discovery that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of Th17 cell differentiation and function has greatly improved our understanding of Th17 cells in immune response and disease. Here, we provide an overview of the biogenesis and function of miRNA and summarize the role of miRNAs in Th17 cell differentiation and function. Finally, we focus on recent advances in miRNA-mediated dysregulation of Th17 cell fate in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinzhi Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Local and systemic mechanisms linking periodontal disease and inflammatory comorbidities. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:426-440. [PMID: 33510490 PMCID: PMC7841384 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00488-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 166.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis, a major inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa, is epidemiologically associated with other chronic inflammation-driven disorders, including cardio-metabolic, neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases and cancer. Emerging evidence from interventional studies indicates that local treatment of periodontitis ameliorates surrogate markers of comorbid conditions. The potential causal link between periodontitis and its comorbidities is further strengthened by recent experimental animal studies establishing biologically plausible and clinically consistent mechanisms whereby periodontitis could initiate or aggravate a comorbid condition. This multi-faceted ‘mechanistic causality’ aspect of the link between periodontitis and comorbidities is the focus of this Review. Understanding how certain extra-oral pathologies are affected by disseminated periodontal pathogens and periodontitis-associated systemic inflammation, including adaptation of bone marrow haematopoietic progenitors, may provide new therapeutic options to reduce the risk of periodontitis-associated comorbidities. Periodontitis has been causally linked to the development of other chronic inflammatory diseases outside the oral mucosa. In this Review, George Hajishengallis and Triantafyllos Chavakis consider the molecular basis of these links.
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Morgan NN, Mannon PJ. Flagellin-Specific CD4 Cytokine Production in Crohn Disease and Controls Is Limited to a Small Subset of Antigen-Induced CD40L + T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:345-354. [PMID: 33298614 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Flagellin is an immunodominant Ag in Crohn disease, with many patients showing anti-flagellin Abs. To study the clonality of flagellin-reactive CD4 cells in Crohn patients, we used a common CD154-based enrichment method following short-term Ag exposure to identify Ag-reactive CD4 cells. CD154 expression and cytokine production following Ag exposure compared with negative control responses (no Ag exposure) revealed that only a small fraction of CD154-enriched cells could be defined by Ag-reactive cytokine responses. This was especially true for low-frequency flagellin-reactive CD4 cells compared with polyclonal stimulation or Candida albicans Ag exposure. Moreover, we found that culture conditions used for the assay contributed to background CD40L (CD154) expression in the CD154-enriched CD4 cells. Using a cut-off rule based on flow cytometry results of the negative control CD154-enriched CD4 cells, we could reliably find the fraction of Ag-reactive cells in the CD154-enriched population. Ag-reactive CD4 cytokine production was restricted to CD4 cells with an effector memory phenotype and the highest levels of induced CD154 expression. This has important implications for identifying Ag-specific T cells of interest for single cell cloning, phenotyping, and transcriptomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine N Morgan
- Department of Medicine and Program in Immunology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - Peter J Mannon
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Medical Service and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
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Geuking MB, Burkhard R. Microbial modulation of intestinal T helper cell responses and implications for disease and therapy. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:855-866. [PMID: 32792666 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00335-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Induction of intestinal T helper cell subsets by commensal members of the intestinal microbiota is an important component of the many immune adaptations required to establish host-microbial homeostasis. Importantly, altered intestinal T helper cell profiles can have pathological consequences that are not limited to intestinal sites. Therefore, microbial-mediated modulation of the intestinal T helper cell profile could have strong therapeutic potentials. However, in order to develop microbial therapies that specifically induce the desired alterations in the intestinal T helper cell compartment one has to first gain a detailed understanding of how microbial composition and the metabolites derived or induced by the microbiota impact on intestinal T helper cell responses. Here we summarize the milestone findings in the field of microbiota-intestinal T helper cell crosstalk with a focus on the role of specific commensal bacteria and their metabolites. We discuss mechanistic mouse studies and are linking these to human studies where possible. Moreover, we highlight recent advances in the field of microbial CD4 T cell epitope mimicry in autoimmune diseases and the role of microbially-induced CD4 T cells in cancer immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus B Geuking
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Regula Burkhard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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30
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Rees WD, Stahl M, Jacobson K, Bressler B, Sly LM, Vallance BA, Steiner TS. Enteroids Derived From Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Display Dysregulated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathways, Leading to Differential Inflammatory Responses and Dendritic Cell Maturation. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:948-961. [PMID: 31796949 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Endoplasmic reticulum [ER] stress in intestinal epithelial cells [IECs] contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. We hypothesized that ER stress changes innate signalling in human IECs, augmenting toll-like receptor [TLR] responses and inducing pro-inflammatory changes in underlying dendritic cells [DCs]. METHODS Caco-2 cells and primary human colon-derived enteroid monolayers were exposed to ATP [control stressor] or thapsigargin [Tg] [ER stress inducer], and were stimulated with the TLR5 agonist flagellin. Cytokine release was measured by an enzyme immunoassay. ER stress markers CHOP, GRP78 and XBP1s/u were measured via quantitative PCR and Western blot. Monocyte-derived DCs [moDCs] were cultured with the IEC supernatants and their activation state was measured. Responses from enteroids derived from IBD patients and healthy control participants were compared. RESULTS ER stress enhanced flagellin-induced IL-8 release from Caco-2 cells and enteroids. Moreover, conditioned media activated DCs to become pro-inflammatory, with increased expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII, IL-6, IL-15 and IL-12p70 and decreased expression of CD103 and IL-10. Flagellin-induced IL-8 production correlated with DC activation, suggesting a common stress pathway. Moreover, there were distinct differences in cytokine expression and basal ER stress between IBD and healthy subject-derived enteroid monolayers, suggesting a dysregulated ER stress pathway in IBD-derived enteroids. CONCLUSIONS Cellular stress enhances TLR5 responses in IECs, leading to increased DC activation, indicating a previously unknown mechanistic link between epithelial ER stress and immune activation in IBD. Furthermore, dysregulated ER stress may be propagated from the intestinal epithelial stem cell niche in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Rees
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Stahl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kevan Jacobson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brian Bressler
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Providence Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura M Sly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Theodore S Steiner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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31
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Cook L, Levings MK. T-Cell Specificity Matters in IBD: Impaired IL10 Production Revealed by OmpC-Tetramers. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:647-648. [PMID: 32645294 PMCID: PMC7474152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cook
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Laura Cook, PhD, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4.
| | - Megan K Levings
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Surgery, School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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32
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Kitamoto S, Nagao-Kitamoto H, Jiao Y, Gillilland MG, Hayashi A, Imai J, Sugihara K, Miyoshi M, Brazil JC, Kuffa P, Hill BD, Rizvi SM, Wen F, Bishu S, Inohara N, Eaton KA, Nusrat A, Lei YL, Giannobile WV, Kamada N. The Intermucosal Connection between the Mouth and Gut in Commensal Pathobiont-Driven Colitis. Cell 2020; 182:447-462.e14. [PMID: 32758418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The precise mechanism by which oral infection contributes to the pathogenesis of extra-oral diseases remains unclear. Here, we report that periodontal inflammation exacerbates gut inflammation in vivo. Periodontitis leads to expansion of oral pathobionts, including Klebsiella and Enterobacter species, in the oral cavity. Amassed oral pathobionts are ingested and translocate to the gut, where they activate the inflammasome in colonic mononuclear phagocytes, triggering inflammation. In parallel, periodontitis results in generation of oral pathobiont-reactive Th17 cells in the oral cavity. Oral pathobiont-reactive Th17 cells are imprinted with gut tropism and migrate to the inflamed gut. When in the gut, Th17 cells of oral origin can be activated by translocated oral pathobionts and cause development of colitis, but they are not activated by gut-resident microbes. Thus, oral inflammation, such as periodontitis, exacerbates gut inflammation by supplying the gut with both colitogenic pathobionts and pathogenic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kitamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hiroko Nagao-Kitamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yizu Jiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Merritt G Gillilland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Atsushi Hayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Research Laboratory, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Imai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kohei Sugihara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mao Miyoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Peter Kuffa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brett D Hill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Syed M Rizvi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shrinivas Bishu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Naohiro Inohara
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathryn A Eaton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yu L Lei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William V Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Nemoto N, Takeda Y, Nara H, Araki A, Gazi MY, Takakubo Y, Naganuma Y, Takagi M, Asao H. Analysis of intestinal immunity and flora in a collagen-induced mouse arthritis model: differences during arthritis progression. Int Immunol 2020; 32:49-56. [PMID: 31562738 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal immunity and flora are reported to be associated with the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. However, differences in the intestinal immunity and flora dynamics between the initial peak and relapse of arthritis have not been investigated. Here we analyzed the lymphocyte populations in different lymphoid tissues, the IgA in feces, and the intestinal flora at the initial peak and the relapse phase of arthritis in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. In this model compared with the control group, the percentage of RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN) was increased at the initial peak but decreased at the relapse stage of arthritis, and the opposite changes were observed in the spleen. The percentage of Foxp3+CD4+ T cells was unchanged at the initial peak in both tissues but increased only in the mLN at the relapse stage. The IgA in feces increased with the progression of arthritis, and bacterial analysis revealed that some specific bacterial families were changed at the peak and relapse stages of arthritis. Finally, the immune dynamics under different arthritic conditions were examined by integrating these factors using principal component analysis (PCA). PCA showed that the immunological and intestinal flora profiles were different between the initial peak and the relapse of the arthritis. Our findings suggest that the intestinal immunity and the environment change drastically with the progress of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhito Nemoto
- Department of Immunology, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata city, Yamagata, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata city, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuji Takeda
- Department of Immunology, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata city, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nara
- Department of Immunology, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata city, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Akemi Araki
- Department of Immunology, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata city, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Md Yeashin Gazi
- Department of Immunology, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata city, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuya Takakubo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata city, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yasushi Naganuma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata city, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Michiaki Takagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata city, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hironobu Asao
- Department of Immunology, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata city, Yamagata, Japan
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Interplay between Cytokine Circuitry and Transcriptional Regulation Shaping Helper T Cell Pathogenicity and Plasticity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093379. [PMID: 32403220 PMCID: PMC7247009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder manifested as Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) characterized by intestinal inflammation and involves a dysregulated immune response against commensal microbiota through the activation of CD4 T helper cells. T helper cell differentiation to effector or regulatory phenotypes is controlled by cytokine networks and transcriptional regulators. Distinct polarized T helper cells are able to alter their phenotypes to adapt to diverse and fluctuating physiological environments. T helper cells exhibit intrinsic instability and flexibility to express cytokines of other lineages or transdifferentiate from one T helper cell type to another in response to various perturbations from physiological cytokine milieu as a means of promoting local immunity in response to injury or ensure tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, functional plasticity and diversity of T helper cells are associated with pathogenicity and are critical for immune homeostasis and prevention of autoimmunity. In this review, we provide deeper insights into the combinatorial extrinsic and intrinsic signals that control plasticity and transdifferentiation of T helper cells and also highlight the potential of exploiting the genetic reprogramming plasticity of T helper cells in the treatment of IBD.
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35
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Escherichiacoli-Specific CD4+ T Cells Have Public T-Cell Receptors and Low Interleukin 10 Production in Crohn's Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:507-526. [PMID: 32361018 PMCID: PMC7385044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Crohn's disease (CD) likely represents decreased immune tolerance to intestinal bacterial antigens. Most CD patients have high titers of antibodies to intestinal commensal proteins, including the outer membrane porin C (OmpC) of Escherichia coli. METHODS By using major histocompatibility complex II tetramers, we identified an HLA-DRB1∗15:01-restricted peptide epitope of OmpC recognized by CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HLA-DRB1∗15:01+ healthy control (HC) and CD patients. RESULTS The precursor frequency of these cells in CD correlated with anti-OmpC IgA titers, but did not differ from that of HCs. In both cohorts, they showed a CD161+, integrin α4β7+ phenotype ex vivo by flow cytometry, distinct from the C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 3 phenotype of autologous influenza hemagglutinin (Flu) peptide-specific T cells. The T-cell receptor α and β chains of in vitro-expanded OmpC-specific T-cell clones often contained public amino acid sequences that were identical in cells from different patients. Expanded T-cell clones from CD subjects produced significantly less interleukin (IL)10 (P < .0001) than those from HCs, and a trend toward decreased production of the T helper 2 cell-associated IL4, IL5, and IL13 by CD clones also was seen. CONCLUSIONS Both HCs and CD patients have detectable OmpC-specific T cells in circulation, with similar immunophenotypes and often identical T-cell-receptor sequences. However, expanded clones from patients with CD produce less of the immunoregulatory cytokine IL10, showing a selective defect in the regulatory function of intestinal microbial antigen-specific T cells in patients with CD.
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36
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Hou G, Bishu S. Th17 Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Update for the Clinician. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:653-661. [PMID: 31970388 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies in humans strongly implicate Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, Th17 cells are major targets of approved and emerging biologics. Herein, we review the role of Th17 in IBD with a clinical focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Shrinivas Bishu
- Crohn's and Colitis Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA
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37
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Rees WD, Sly LM, Steiner TS. How do immune and mesenchymal cells influence the intestinal epithelial cell compartment in inflammatory bowel disease? Let's crosstalk about it! J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:309-321. [PMID: 32057139 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir0120-567r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells provide a front line of defense by establishing a barrier against food Ags, pathogens, and commensal microorganisms. This defense includes the establishment of a tolerogenic environment in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The intestinal epithelium replenishes itself by cell turnover every 4-5 days, and this process is facilitated by various pathways of communication between the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), the underlying stromal cell network, and professional immune cells, which together help establish a proper intestinal stem cell (ISC) niche in the crypt. However, during a state of inflammation, such as in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), these communication pathways can be altered, and this can lead to the development of inflammatory IECs within the crypt that further drive inflammation. Here, we review the current literature looking at crosstalk between immune cells, stromal cells, and IECs: how does the immune system potentially alter the ISC niche, and how do IECs influence intestinal immunity? We discuss the latest research using single cell RNA sequencing and intestinal organoid cultures to help answer these questions. A better understanding of this complex crosstalk can help lead to a better understanding of intestinal biology in general, and more efficient therapeutic approaches to treat IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Rees
- Department of Medicine, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura M Sly
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Theodore S Steiner
- Department of Medicine, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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38
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Cook L, Lisko DJ, Wong MQ, Garcia RV, Himmel ME, Seidman EG, Bressler B, Levings MK, Steiner TS. Analysis of Flagellin-Specific Adaptive Immunity Reveals Links to Dysbiosis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:485-506. [PMID: 31790809 PMCID: PMC7036547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Bacterial flagellin is an important antigen in inflammatory bowel disease, but the role of flagellin-specific CD4+ T cells in disease pathogenesis remains unclear. Also unknown is how changes in intestinal microbiome intersect with those in microbiota-specific CD4+ T cells. We aimed to quantify and characterize flagellin-specific CD4+ T cells in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and study their relationship with intestinal microbiome diversity. METHODS Blood was collected from 3 cohorts that included CD patients, UC patients, and healthy controls. Flow cytometry analyzed CD4+ T cells specific for Lachnospiraceae-derived A4-Fla2 and Escherichia coli H18 FliC flagellins, or control vaccine antigens. Serum antiflagellin IgG and IgA antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and stool samples were collected and subjected to 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, CD and UC patients had lower frequencies of vaccine-antigen-specific CD4+ T cells and, as a proportion of vaccine-specific cells, higher frequencies of flagellin-specific CD4+ T cells. The proportion of flagellin-specific CD4+ T cells that were CXCR3negCCR4+CCR6+ Th17 cells was reduced in CD and UC patients, with increased proportions of CD39+, PD-1+, and integrin β7+ cells. Microbiome analysis showed differentially abundant bacterial species in patient groups that correlated with immune responses to flagellin. CONCLUSIONS Both CD and UC patients have relative increases in the proportion of circulating Fla2-specific CD4+ T cells, which may be associated with changes in the intestinal microbiome. Evidence that the phenotype of these cells strongly correlate with disease severity provides insight into the potential roles of flagellin-specific CD4+ T cells in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cook
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel J. Lisko
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - May Q. Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rosa V. Garcia
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan E. Himmel
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ernest G. Seidman
- Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brian Bressler
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Gastrointestinal Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan K. Levings
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Theodore S. Steiner
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Ted Steiner, MD, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4. fax: (604) 875-2373.
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Kawano M, Takagi R, Saika K, Matsui M, Matsushita S. Dopamine regulates cytokine secretion during innate and adaptive immune responses. Int Immunol 2019; 30:591-606. [PMID: 30165447 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is synthesized by various immune cells. DA receptors (DARs), which comprise five isoforms, are expressed on the surface of these cells. Therefore, it is likely that DA plays a role in regulating innate and adaptive responses. However, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) is largely unknown. Here, we found that, during innate immune responses, DA suppressed secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β, but promoted secretion of IL-10 and CXCL1 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse splenocytes, suggesting that DA regulates cytokine secretion. Immune subset studies indicated that DA suppressed secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β by NK cells, as well as secretion of TNF-α by neutrophils and monocytes; however, DA up-regulated IL-10 secretion by neutrophils, monocytes, B cells, macrophages (Mφs) and dendritic cells within the splenocyte population. In addition, DA up-regulated secretion of CXCL1 by LPS-stimulated NK cells and Mφs. Meanwhile, treatment with DAR agonists or antagonists suppressed secretion of inflammatory cytokines from LPS-stimulated splenocytes. Pre-treatment of LPS-stimulated splenocytes with the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin reversed DA-mediated suppression of IFN-γ secretion, indicating that DA regulates IFN-γ secretion via the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate signaling pathway in these cells. Administration of DA and LPS to mice immunized with chicken ovalbumin (OVA) increased secretion of IL-5 by mouse lung lymphocytes, suggesting that DA promotes OVA-specific Th2-mediated immune responses by these cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that DA regulates cytokine secretion during innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Kawano
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rie Takagi
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kikue Saika
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masanori Matsui
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sho Matsushita
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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40
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Coufal S, Galanova N, Bajer L, Gajdarova Z, Schierova D, Jiraskova Zakostelska Z, Kostovcikova K, Jackova Z, Stehlikova Z, Drastich P, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H, Kverka M. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Types Differ in Markers of Inflammation, Gut Barrier and in Specific Anti-Bacterial Response. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070719. [PMID: 31337064 PMCID: PMC6678638 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC-IBD), share three major pathogenetic mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-gut dysbiosis, gut barrier failure and immune system dysregulation. While clinical differences among them are well known, the underlying mechanisms are less explored. To gain an insight into the IBD pathogenesis and to find a specific biomarker pattern for each of them, we used protein array, ELISA and flow cytometry to analyze serum biomarkers and specific anti-microbial B and T cell responses to the gut commensals. We found that decrease in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and increase in MMP-14 are the strongest factors discriminating IBD patients from healthy subjects and that PSC-IBD patients have higher levels of Mannan-binding lectin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1), CD14 and osteoprotegerin than patients with UC. Moreover, we found that low transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is associated with disease relapse and low osteoprotegerin with anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) therapy. Patients with CD have significantly decreased antibody and increased T cell response mainly to genera Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides. These results stress the importance of the gut barrier function and immune response to commensal bacteria and point at the specific differences in pathogenesis of PSC-IBD, UC and CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Coufal
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Natalie Galanova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Bajer
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Gajdarova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Schierova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Klara Kostovcikova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Jackova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Stehlikova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drastich
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Kverka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
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41
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Bishu S, El Zaatari M, Hayashi A, Hou G, Bowers N, Kinnucan J, Manoogian B, Muza-Moons M, Zhang M, Grasberger H, Bourque C, Zou W, Higgins PDR, Spence JR, Stidham RW, Kamada N, Kao JY. CD4+ Tissue-resident Memory T Cells Expand and Are a Major Source of Mucosal Tumour Necrosis Factor α in Active Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:905-915. [PMID: 30715262 PMCID: PMC6939878 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tumour necrosis factor [TNF]α- and IL-17A-producing T cells are implicated in Crohn's disease [CD]. Tissue-resident memory T [TRM] cells are tissue-restricted T cells that are regulated by PR zinc finger domain 1 [PRDM1], which has been implicated in pathogenic Th17 cell responses. TRM cells provide host defence but their role in CD is unknown. We thus examined CD4+ TRM cells in CD. METHODS Colon samples were prospectively collected at endoscopy or surgery in CD and control subjects. Flow cytometry and ex vivo assays were performed to characterise CD4+ TRM cells. RESULTS CD4+ TRM cells are the most abundant memory T cell population and are the major T cell source of mucosal TNFα in CD. CD4+ TRM cells are expanded in CD and more avidly produce IL-17A and TNFα relative to control cells. There was a unique population of TNFα+IL-17A+ CD4+ TRM cells in CD which are largely absent in controls. PRDM1 was highly expressed by CD4+ TRM cells but not by other effector T cells. Suppression of PRDM1 was associated with impaired induction of IL17A and TNFA by CD4+ TRM cells. CONCLUSIONS CD4+ TRM cells are expanded in CD and are a major source of TNFα, suggesting that they are important in CD. PRDM1 is expressed by TRM cells and may regulate their function. Collectively, this argues for prospective studies tracking CD4+ TRM cells over the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrinivas Bishu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA,Corresponding author: Shrinivas Bishu, MD, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48104. Tel.: [734] 232–5395;
| | - Mohammed El Zaatari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan Crohn’s and Colitis Program, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Atsushi Hayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA,Tokyo R&D Center, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Guoqing Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicole Bowers
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Jami Kinnucan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan Crohn’s and Colitis Program, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Beth Manoogian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan Crohn’s and Colitis Program, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Michelle Muza-Moons
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan Crohn’s and Colitis Program, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Helmut Grasberger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Charlie Bourque
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter D R Higgins
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan Crohn’s and Colitis Program, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, US
| | - Ryan W Stidham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan Crohn’s and Colitis Program, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
| | - John Y Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, AnnArbor, MI, USA
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42
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He J, Song Y, Li G, Xiao P, Liu Y, Xue Y, Cao Q, Tu X, Pan T, Jiang Z, Cao X, Lai L, Wang Q. Fbxw7 increases CCL2/7 in CX3CR1hi macrophages to promote intestinal inflammation. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3877-3893. [PMID: 31246581 DOI: 10.1172/jci123374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident and inflammatory mononuclear phagocytes (MPh) with functional plasticity in the intestine are critically involved in the pathology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), in which the mechanism remains incompletely understood. In the present study, we found that increased expression of E3 ligase FBXW7 in the inflamed intestine was significantly correlated to IBD severity in both human diseases and mice model. Myeloid-Fbxw7 deficiency protected mice from dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and 2,6,4-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis. Fbxw7 deficiency resulted in decreased production of chemokines CCL2 and CCL7 by colonic CX3CR1hi resident macrophages and reduced accumulation of CX3CR1int pro-inflammatory MPh in colitis colon tissue. Mice received AAV-shFbxw7 administration showed significantly improved survival rate and alleviated colitis. Mechanisms screening demonstrated that FBXW7 suppresses H3K27me3 modification and promotes Ccl2 and Ccl7 expression via degradation of histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2 in macrophages. Taken together, our results indicate that FBXW7 degrades EZH2 and increases Ccl2/Ccl7 in CX3CR1hi macrophages, which promotes the recruiting CX3CR1int pro-inflammatory MPh into local colon tissues with colitis. Targeting FBXW7 might represent a potential therapeutic approach for intestine inflammation intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinjing Song
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaopeng Li
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Xue
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and
| | - Xintao Tu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhinong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Lai
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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43
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Pavlidis S, Monast C, Loza MJ, Branigan P, Chung KF, Adcock IM, Guo Y, Rowe A, Baribaud F. I_MDS: an inflammatory bowel disease molecular activity score to classify patients with differing disease-driving pathways and therapeutic response to anti-TNF treatment. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006951. [PMID: 31039157 PMCID: PMC6510457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are driven by both common and distinct underlying mechanisms of pathobiology. Both diseases, exhibit heterogeneity underscored by the variable clinical responses to therapeutic interventions. We aimed to identify disease-driving pathways and classify individuals into subpopulations that differ in their pathobiology and response to treatment. We applied hierarchical clustering of enrichment scores derived from gene set variation analysis of signatures representative of various immunological processes and activated cell types, to a colonic biopsy dataset that included healthy volunteers, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients. Patient stratification at baseline or after anti-TNF treatment in clinical responders and non-responders was queried. Signatures with significantly different enrichment scores were identified using a general linear model. Comparisons to healthy controls were made at baseline in all participants and then separately in responders and non-responders. Fifty-nine percent of the signatures were commonly enriched in both conditions at baseline, supporting the notion of a disease continuum within ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Signatures included T cells, macrophages, neutrophil activation and poly:IC signatures, representing acute inflammation and a complex mix of potential disease-driving biology. Collectively, identification of significantly enriched signatures allowed establishment of an inflammatory bowel disease molecular activity score which uses biopsy transcriptomics as a surrogate marker to accurately track disease severity. This score separated diseased from healthy samples, enabled discrimination of clinical responders and non-responders at baseline with 100% specificity and 78.8% sensitivity, and was validated in an independent data set that showed comparable classification. Comparing responders and non-responders separately at baseline to controls, 43% and 70% of signatures were enriched, respectively, suggesting greater molecular dysregulation in TNF non-responders at baseline. This methodological approach could facilitate better targeted design of clinical studies to test therapeutics, concentrating on patient subsets sharing similar underlying pathobiology, therefore increasing the likelihood of clinical response. Patients exhibiting similar phenotypical characteristics, diagnosed with the same disease, exhibit variable response to therapeutics. This is a major health care issue, due to the increased patient suffering and the socioeconomical burden that occurs. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis constitute good examples of inflammatory conditions, with sufferers responding differentially to existent therapeutics. Here, we identified disease-driving pathways and classified individuals into subpopulations that differ in their pathobiology and response to treatment. We utilized gene set variation analysis and transcriptomic data from inflammatory bowel disease sufferers to stratify patients at baseline or after anti-TNF treatment in clinical responders and non-responders. We explored gene signatures obtained from the literature, relevant to immune processes, which were significantly enriched in disease compared to healthy controls, as well as before and after treatment. Using these signatures, we established an inflammatory bowel disease molecular activity score, which allowed us to separate clinical responders and non-responders at baseline with high specificity and sensitivity. We validated the proposed approach in an independent data set, demonstrating comparable classification. This methodological approach may lead to better targeted design of clinical studies, allowing the selection of patient sharing similar underlying pathobiology, thus increasing the likelihood of clinical response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelios Pavlidis
- Janssen Research & Development Ltd, High Wycombe, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College & Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Calixte Monast
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Loza
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, United States of America
| | | | - Kiang F. Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College & Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College & Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yike Guo
- Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Rowe
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, United States of America
| | - Frédéric Baribaud
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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44
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Corraliza AM, Ricart E, López-García A, Carme Masamunt M, Veny M, Esteller M, Mayorgas A, Le Bourhis L, Allez M, Planell N, Visvanathan S, Baum P, España C, Cabezón-Cabello R, Benítez-Ribas D, Rovira M, Panés J, Salas A. Differences in Peripheral and Tissue Immune Cell Populations Following Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Crohn's Disease Patients. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:634-647. [PMID: 30521002 PMCID: PMC6486491 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent studies have shown the efficacy of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation [HSCT] in severely refractory Crohn's disease [CD] patients. HSCT is thought to eliminate auto-reactive cells; however, no specific studies of immune reconstitution in CD patients are available. METHODS We followed a group of CD patients [n = 18] receiving autologous HSCT, with 50% of them achieving endoscopic drug-free remission. To elucidate the mechanisms driving efficacy, we monitored changes after HSCT in blood and intestine immune-cell composition. CD patients [n = 22] receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-α were included for comparison. RESULTS Severe immune ablation followed by HSCT induced dramatic changes in both peripheral blood T and B cells in all patients regardless of the efficacy of the treatment. Endoscopic remission at week 52 following HSCT was associated with significant intestinal transcriptional changes. A comparison of the remission signature with that of anti-TNFα identified both common and unique genes in the HSCT-induced response. Based on deconvolution analysis of intestinal biopsy transcriptome data, we show that response to HSCT, but not to anti-TNFα, is associated with an expansion of naïve B-cells, as seen in blood, and a decrease in the memory resting T-cell content. As expected, endoscopic remission, in response to both HSCT and anti-TNFα, led to a significant reduction in intestinal neutrophil and M1 macrophage content. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral blood immune remodelling after HSCT does not predict efficacy. In contrast, a profound intestinal T-cell depletion that is maintained long after transplant is associated with mucosal healing following HSCT, but not anti-TNFα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Corraliza
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Ricart
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia López-García
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Carme Masamunt
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisol Veny
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Esteller
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Mayorgas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lionel Le Bourhis
- Inserm U1160, Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Allez
- Inserm U1160, Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Núria Planell
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Patrick Baum
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Carolina España
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Benítez-Ribas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Rovira
- Hematology Department, Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Panés
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain,Corresponding author: Azucena Salas, Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic 08036, Barcelona, Spain. Tel: +34 932272436;
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45
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Pandiyan P, Bhaskaran N, Zou M, Schneider E, Jayaraman S, Huehn J. Microbiome Dependent Regulation of T regs and Th17 Cells in Mucosa. Front Immunol 2019; 10:426. [PMID: 30906299 PMCID: PMC6419713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals co-exist with resident microbial ecosystem that is composed of an incredible number and diversity of bacteria, viruses and fungi. Owing to direct contact between resident microbes and mucosal surfaces, both parties are in continuous and complex interactions resulting in important functional consequences. These interactions govern immune homeostasis, host response to infection, vaccination and cancer, as well as predisposition to metabolic, inflammatory and neurological disorders. Here, we discuss recent studies on direct and indirect effects of resident microbiota on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th17 cells at the cellular and molecular level. We review mechanisms by which commensal microbes influence mucosa in the context of bioactive molecules derived from resident bacteria, immune senescence, chronic inflammation and cancer. Lastly, we discuss potential therapeutic applications of microbiota alterations and microbial derivatives, for improving resilience of mucosal immunity and combating immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Pandiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Natarajan Bhaskaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mangge Zou
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Schneider
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sangeetha Jayaraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Jensen IJ, Sjaastad FV, Griffith TS, Badovinac VP. Sepsis-Induced T Cell Immunoparalysis: The Ins and Outs of Impaired T Cell Immunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 200:1543-1553. [PMID: 29463691 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis results in a deluge of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, leading to lymphopenia and chronic immunoparalysis. Sepsis-induced long-lasting immunoparalysis is defined, in part, by impaired CD4 and CD8 αβ T cell responses in the postseptic environment. The dysfunction in T cell immunity affects naive, effector, and memory T cells and is not restricted to classical αβ T cells. Although sepsis-induced severe and transient lymphopenia is a contributory factor to diminished T cell immunity, T cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors/mechanisms also contribute to impaired T cell function. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of how sepsis quantitatively and qualitatively impairs CD4 and CD8 T cell immunity of classical and nonclassical T cell subsets and discuss current therapeutic approaches being developed to boost the recovery of T cell immunity postsepsis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J Jensen
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Frances V Sjaastad
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Vladimir P Badovinac
- Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242; .,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242; and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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47
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Systemic antibody responses to gut commensal bacteria: How and why do I know you? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:1353-1354. [PMID: 30664890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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48
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Bassolas-Molina H, Raymond E, Labadia M, Wahle J, Ferrer-Picón E, Panzenbeck M, Zheng J, Harcken C, Hughes R, Turner M, Smith D, Calderón-Gómez E, Esteller M, Carrasco A, Esteve M, Dotti I, Corraliza AM, Masamunt MC, Arajol C, Guardiola J, Ricart E, Nabozny G, Salas A. An RORγt Oral Inhibitor Modulates IL-17 Responses in Peripheral Blood and Intestinal Mucosa of Crohn's Disease Patients. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2307. [PMID: 30405600 PMCID: PMC6204372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Despite the negative results of blocking IL-17 in Crohn's disease (CD) patients, selective modulation of Th17-dependent responses warrants further study. Inhibition of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγt), the master regulator of the Th17 signature, is currently being explored in inflammatory diseases. Our aim was to determine the effect of a novel oral RORγt antagonist (BI119) in human CD and on an experimental model of intestinal inflammation. Methods: 51 CD patients and 11 healthy subjects were included. The effects of BI119 were tested on microbial-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), intestinal crypts and biopsies from CD patients. The ability of BI119 to prevent colitis in vivo was assessed in the CD4+CD45RBhigh T cell transfer model. Results: In bacterial antigen-stimulated PBMCs from CD patients, BI119 inhibits Th17-related genes and proteins, while upregulating Treg and preserving Th1 and Th2 signatures. Intestinal crypts cultured with supernatants from BI119-treated commensal-specific CD4+ T cells showed decreased expression of CXCL1, CXCL8 and CCL20. BI119 significantly reduced IL17 and IL26 transcription in colonic and ileal CD biopsies and did not affect IL22. BI119 has a more profound effect in ileal CD with additional significant downregulation of IL23R, CSF2, CXCL1, CXCL8, and S100A8, and upregulation of DEFA5. BI119 significantly prevented development of clinical, macroscopic and molecular markers of colitis in the T-cell transfer model. Conclusions: BI119 modulated CD-relevant Th17 signatures, including downregulation of IL23R while preserving mucosa-associated IL-22 responses, and abrogated experimental colitis. Our results provide support to the use of RORγt antagonists as a novel therapy to CD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernest Raymond
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Mark Labadia
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Joseph Wahle
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Elena Ferrer-Picón
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Panzenbeck
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Christian Harcken
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Robert Hughes
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Michael Turner
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Dustin Smith
- Department of Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | | | - Míriam Esteller
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Carrasco
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Esteve
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mutua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabella Dotti
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Corraliza
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Carme Masamunt
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clàudia Arajol
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Guardiola
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Ricart
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerald Nabozny
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Azucena Salas
- Department of Gastroenterology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
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Expanded TCRβ CDR3 clonotypes distinguish Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1487-1495. [PMID: 29988119 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether the TCR repertoires of Crohn's disease (CD) patients contain highly prevalent disease-specific T-cell clonotypes reflective of the characteristic and highly shared aberrant serum antibody reactivity to gut commensal flagellin antigens. The CD4 TCRβ CDR3 sequence repertoires from active CD (n = 20) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 10) patients were significantly more diverse, and individual sequences over-represented, compared to healthy controls (HC) (n = 97). While a very small number of expanded public CDR3 sequences are highly shared between active CD and UC, the majority of significantly expanded TCRβ CDR3 clonotypes are private to CD and UC patients with equivalent prevalence among IBD patients. Further defining TCR clonotypes by Vβ-CDR3 linkage showed significant differences in the TCR repertoires between UC and CD. Flagellin antigen exposure induced expansion of several TCRβ CDR3 sequences in CD4 cells from a flagellin-seropositive subject including sequences highly shared by or relatively private to CD (and UC) patients. These data suggest that flagellin-reactivity contributes to the expansion of a small number of CD4 clonotypes but does not support flagellin antigens as predominantly driving CD4 cell proliferation in CD. Disease-specific expanded TCRβ CDR3 clonotypes characterize CD and UC and the shared exposure to the gamut of gut microbial antigens.
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50
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Bhaskaran N, Quigley C, Paw C, Butala S, Schneider E, Pandiyan P. Role of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Controlling T regs and Immunopathology During Mucosal Infection. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1995. [PMID: 30197637 PMCID: PMC6117408 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between mucosal tissues and commensal microbes control appropriate host immune responses and inflammation, but very little is known about these interactions. Here we show that the depletion of resident bacteria using antibiotics (Abx) causes oral and gut immunopathology during oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) infection. Antibiotic treatment causes reduction in the frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory cells (Tregs) and IL-17A producers, with a concomitant increase in oral tissue pathology. While C. albicans (CA) is usually controlled in the oral cavity, antibiotic treatment led to CA dependent oral and gut inflammation. A combination of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) controlled the pathology in Abx treated mice, correlating to an increase in the frequency of Foxp3+, IL-17A+, and Foxp3+IL-17A+ double positive (Treg17) cells in tongue and oral draining lymph nodes. However, SCFA treatment did not fully reverse the gut inflammation suggesting that resident microbiota have SCFA independent homeostatic mechanisms in gut mucosa. We also found that SCFA potently induce Foxp3 and IL-17A expression in CD4+ T cells, depending on the cytokine milieu in vitro. Depletion of Tregs alone in FDTR mice recapitulated oral inflammation in CA infected mice, showing that Abx mediated reduction of Tregs was involved in infection induced pathology. SCFA did not control inflammation in Treg depleted mice in CA infected FDTR mice, showing that Foxp3+ T cell induction was required for the protective effect mediated by SCFA. Taken together, our data reveal that SCFA derived from resident bacteria play a critical role in controlling immunopathology by regulating T cell cytokines during mucosal infections. This study has broader implications on protective effects of resident microbiota in regulating pathological infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Bhaskaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Cheriese Quigley
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Clarissa Paw
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Shivani Butala
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Elizabeth Schneider
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Pushpa Pandiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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