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Lee BC, Gin A, Wu C, Singh K, Grice M, Mortlock R, Abraham D, Fan X, Zhou Y, AlJanahi A, Choi U, DeRavin SS, Shin T, Hong S, Dunbar CE. Impact of CRISPR/HDR editing versus lentiviral transduction on long-term engraftment and clonal dynamics of HSPCs in rhesus macaques. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:455-466.e4. [PMID: 38508195 PMCID: PMC10997443 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
For precise genome editing via CRISPR/homology-directed repair (HDR), effective and safe editing of long-term engrafting hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) is required. The impact of HDR on true LT-HSC clonal dynamics in a relevant large animal model has not been studied. To track the output and clonality of HDR-edited cells and to provide a comparison to lentivirally transduced HSCs in vivo, we developed a competitive rhesus macaque (RM) autologous transplantation model, co-infusing HSCs transduced with a barcoded GFP-expressing lentiviral vector (LV) and HDR edited at the CD33 locus. CRISPR/HDR-edited cells showed a two-log decrease by 2 months following transplantation, with little improvement via p53 inhibition, in comparison to minimal loss of LV-transduced cells long term. HDR long-term clonality was oligoclonal in contrast to highly polyclonal LV-transduced HSCs. These results suggest marked clinically relevant differences in the impact of current genetic modification approaches on HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Chul Lee
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea; Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Ashley Gin
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chuanfeng Wu
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Komudi Singh
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Max Grice
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ryland Mortlock
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diana Abraham
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xing Fan
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Aisha AlJanahi
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Uimook Choi
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suk See DeRavin
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Taehoon Shin
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Sogun Hong
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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2
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Tatwavedi D, Pellagatti A, Boultwood J. Recent advances in the application of induced pluripotent stem cell technology to the study of myeloid malignancies. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:100993. [PMID: 37827894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Acquired myeloid malignancies are a spectrum of clonal disorders known to be caused by sequential acquisition of genetic lesions in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, leading to their aberrant self-renewal and differentiation. The increasing use of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to study myeloid malignancies has helped usher a paradigm shift in approaches to disease modeling and drug discovery, especially when combined with gene-editing technology. The process of reprogramming allows for the capture of the diversity of genetic lesions and mutational burden found in primary patient samples into individual stable iPSC lines. Patient-derived iPSC lines, owing to their self-renewal and differentiation capacity, can thus be a homogenous source of disease relevant material that allow for the study of disease pathogenesis using various functional read-outs. Furthermore, genome editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 enable the study of the stepwise progression from normal to malignant hematopoiesis through the introduction of specific driver mutations, individually or in combination, to create isogenic lines for comparison. In this review, we survey the current use of iPSCs to model acquired myeloid malignancies including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), acute myeloid leukemia and MDS/MPN overlap syndromes. The use of iPSCs has enabled the interrogation of the underlying mechanism of initiation and progression driving these diseases. It has also made drug testing, repurposing, and the discovery of novel therapies for these diseases possible in a high throughput setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharamveer Tatwavedi
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Blood Cancer UK Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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3
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Lee BC, Gin A, Wu C, Singh K, Grice M, Mortlock R, Abraham D, Fan X, Zhou Y, AlJanahi A, Choi U, de Ravin SS, Shin T, Hong S, Dunbar CE. Impact of CRISPR/HDR-editing versus lentiviral transduction on long-term engraftment and clonal dynamics of HSPCs in rhesus macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.13.571396. [PMID: 38168153 PMCID: PMC10760194 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.13.571396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
For precise genome editing via CRISPR/homology-directed repair (HDR), effective and safe editing of long-term engrafting hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) requires both sufficient HDR efficiency and protection of LT-HSC function and number. The impact of HDR on true LT-HSCs clonal dynamics in a relevant large animal model has not previously been studied. To track the HDR-edited cells, autologous rhesus macaque (RM) CD34 + cells were electroporated with the gRNA/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and HDR cassette barcode library structure and reinfused into RMs following myeloablation. For competitive model animals, fractionated CD34 + cells were transduced with a barcoded GFP-expressing lentiviral vector (LV) and electroporated via HDR machinery, respectively. CD33 knockout (KO) neutrophils were prevalent early following engraftment and then rapidly decreased, resulting in less than 1% total editing efficiency. Interestingly, in competitive animals, a higher concentration of i53 mRNA result in a less steep reduction in CD33 KO cells, presented a modest decrease in HDR rate (0.1-0.2%) and total indels (1.5-6.5%). In contrast, the drop off of LV-transduced GFP + cells stabilized at 20% after 2 months. We next retrieved embedded barcodes and revealed that various clones contributed to early hematopoietic reconstitution, then after dominant clones appeared at steady state throughout the animals. In conclusion, CRISPR/HDR edited cells disappeared rapidly after the autologous transplantation in RM despite substantial gene editing outcome, whereas LV-transduced cells were relatively well maintained. Clonality of HDR-edited cells drastically shrank at early stage and then relied on several dominant clones, which can be mildly mitigated by the introduction of i53 mRNA.
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4
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Rey F, Berardo C, Maghraby E, Mauri A, Messa L, Esposito L, Casili G, Ottolenghi S, Bonaventura E, Cuzzocrea S, Zuccotti G, Tonduti D, Esposito E, Paterniti I, Cereda C, Carelli S. Redox Imbalance in Neurological Disorders in Adults and Children. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040965. [PMID: 37107340 PMCID: PMC10135575 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is a central molecule for numerous metabolic and cytophysiological processes, and, indeed, its imbalance can lead to numerous pathological consequences. In the human body, the brain is an aerobic organ and for this reason, it is very sensitive to oxygen equilibrium. The consequences of oxygen imbalance are especially devastating when occurring in this organ. Indeed, oxygen imbalance can lead to hypoxia, hyperoxia, protein misfolding, mitochondria dysfunction, alterations in heme metabolism and neuroinflammation. Consequently, these dysfunctions can cause numerous neurological alterations, both in the pediatric life and in the adult ages. These disorders share numerous common pathways, most of which are consequent to redox imbalance. In this review, we will focus on the dysfunctions present in neurodegenerative disorders (specifically Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and pediatric neurological disorders (X-adrenoleukodystrophies, spinal muscular atrophy, mucopolysaccharidoses and Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease), highlighting their underlining dysfunction in redox and identifying potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rey
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Clarissa Berardo
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Erika Maghraby
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Mauri
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Letizia Messa
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Letizia Esposito
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Ottolenghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bonaventura
- Child Neurology Unit, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies and Genetic Leukoencephalopathies (COALA), Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Tonduti
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Child Neurology Unit, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Leukodystrophies and Genetic Leukoencephalopathies (COALA), Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, 20154 Milano, Italy
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5
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Wu C, Hong SG, Bonifacino A, Dunbar CE. Lentiviral Transduction of Nonhuman Primate Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2567:63-84. [PMID: 36255695 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2679-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The nonhuman primate (NHP) animal model is an important predictive preclinical model for developing gene and cell therapies. It is also an experimental animal model used to study hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) biology, with the capability of serving as a step for the translation of the basic research concepts from small animals to humans. Lentiviral vectors are currently the standard gene delivery vehicles for transduction of HSPCs in the clinical setting. They have proven to be less genotoxic and more efficient than the previously used murine γ-retroviruses. Transplantation of lentiviral vector-transduced HSPCs into autologous macaques has been well developed over the past two decades. In this chapter, we provide detailed methodologies for lentiviral vector transduction of rhesus macaque HSPCs, including production and titration of lentiviral vector, purification of CD34+ HSPCs, and lentiviral vector transduction and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng Wu
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - So Gun Hong
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aylin Bonifacino
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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6
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Shin TH, Zhou Y, Chen S, Cordes S, Grice MZ, Fan X, Lee BC, Aljanahi AA, Hong SG, Vaughan KL, Mattison JA, Kohama SG, Fabre MA, Uchida N, Demirci S, Corat MA, Métais JY, Calvo KR, Buscarlet M, Natanson H, McGraw KL, List AF, Busque L, Tisdale JF, Vassiliou GS, Yu KR, Dunbar CE. A macaque clonal hematopoiesis model demonstrates expansion of TET2-disrupted clones and utility for testing interventions. Blood 2022; 140:1774-1789. [PMID: 35714307 PMCID: PMC9837449 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with age-related clonal hematopoiesis (CH) are at greater risk for hematologic malignancies and cardiovascular diseases. However, predictive preclinical animal models to recapitulate the spectrum of human CH are lacking. Through error-corrected sequencing of 56 human CH/myeloid malignancy genes, we identified natural CH driver mutations in aged rhesus macaques matching genes somatically mutated in human CH, with DNMT3A mutations being the most frequent. A CH model in young adult macaques was generated via autologous transplantation of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9-mediated gene-edited hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), targeting the top human CH genes with loss-of-function (LOF) mutations. Long-term follow-up revealed reproducible and significant expansion of multiple HSPC clones with heterozygous TET2 LOF mutations, compared with minimal expansion of clones bearing other mutations. Although the blood counts of these CH macaques were normal, their bone marrows were hypercellular and myeloid-predominant. TET2-disrupted myeloid colony-forming units isolated from these animals showed a distinct hyperinflammatory gene expression profile compared with wild type. In addition, mature macrophages purified from the CH macaques showed elevated NLRP3 inflammasome activity and increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 production. The model was used to test the impact of IL-6 blockage by tocilizumab, documenting a slowing of TET2-mutated expansion, suggesting that interruption of the IL-6 axis may remove the selective advantage of mutant HSPCs. These findings provide a model for examining the pathophysiology of CH and give insights into potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Shin
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shirley Chen
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Stefan Cordes
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Max Z. Grice
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Xing Fan
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Aisha A. Aljanahi
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - So Gun Hong
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Kelli L. Vaughan
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH Animal Center, Dickerson, MD
| | - Julie A. Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH Animal Center, Dickerson, MD
| | - Steven G. Kohama
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Margarete A. Fabre
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Selami Demirci
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Marcus A.F. Corat
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jean-Yves Métais
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Katherine R. Calvo
- Hematology Section, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Manuel Buscarlet
- Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hannah Natanson
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Kathy L. McGraw
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Lambert Busque
- Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John F. Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - George S. Vassiliou
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kyung-Rok Yu
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cynthia E. Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
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7
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Bloomer H, Khirallah J, Li Y, Xu Q. CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein-mediated genome and epigenome editing in mammalian cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114087. [PMID: 34942274 PMCID: PMC8844242 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system has revolutionized the ability to edit the mammalian genome, providing a platform for the correction of pathogenic mutations and further investigation into gene function. CRISPR reagents can be delivered into the cell as DNA, RNA, or pre-formed ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). RNPs offer numerous advantages over other delivery approaches due to their ability to rapidly target genomic sites and quickly degrade thereafter. Here, we review the production steps and delivery methods for Cas9 RNPs. Additionally, we discuss how RNPs enhance genome and epigenome editing efficiencies, reduce off-target editing activity, and minimize cellular toxicity in clinically relevant mammalian cell types. We include details on a broad range of editing approaches, including novel base and prime editing techniques. Finally, we summarize key challenges for the use of RNPs, and propose future perspectives on the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Bloomer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, US,School of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, US
| | - Jennifer Khirallah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, US
| | - Yamin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, US,Corresponding Authors: (Y. Li) and (Q. Xu)
| | - Qiaobing Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, US,Corresponding Authors: (Y. Li) and (Q. Xu)
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8
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AlJanahi AA, Lazzarotto CR, Chen S, Shin TH, Cordes S, Fan X, Jabara I, Zhou Y, Young DJ, Lee BC, Yu KR, Li Y, Toms B, Tunc I, Hong SG, Truitt LL, Klermund J, Andrieux G, Kim MY, Cathomen T, Gill S, Tsai SQ, Dunbar CE. Prediction and validation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell off-target editing in transplanted rhesus macaques. Mol Ther 2022; 30:209-222. [PMID: 34174439 PMCID: PMC8753565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The programmable nuclease technology CRISPR-Cas9 has revolutionized gene editing in the last decade. Due to the risk of off-target editing, accurate and sensitive methods for off-target characterization are crucial prior to applying CRISPR-Cas9 therapeutically. Here, we utilized a rhesus macaque model to compare the predictive values of CIRCLE-seq, an in vitro off-target prediction method, with in silico prediction (ISP) based solely on genomic sequence comparisons. We use AmpliSeq HD error-corrected sequencing to validate off-target sites predicted by CIRCLE-seq and ISP for a CD33 guide RNA (gRNA) with thousands of off-target sites predicted by ISP and CIRCLE-seq. We found poor correlation between the sites predicted by the two methods. When almost 500 sites predicted by each method were analyzed by error-corrected sequencing of hematopoietic cells following transplantation, 19 off-target sites revealed insertion or deletion mutations. Of these sites, 8 were predicted by both methods, 8 by CIRCLE-seq only, and 3 by ISP only. The levels of cells with these off-target edits exhibited no expansion or abnormal behavior in vivo in animals followed for up to 2 years. In addition, we utilized an unbiased method termed CAST-seq to search for translocations between the on-target site and off-target sites present in animals following transplantation, detecting one specific translocation that persisted in blood cells for at least 1 year following transplantation. In conclusion, neither CIRCLE-seq or ISP predicted all sites, and a combination of careful gRNA design, followed by screening for predicted off-target sites in target cells by multiple methods, may be required for optimizing safety of clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha A AlJanahi
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Cicera R Lazzarotto
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shirley Chen
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tae-Hoon Shin
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stefan Cordes
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xing Fan
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Isabel Jabara
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David J Young
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kyung-Rok Yu
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Ilker Tunc
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - So Gun Hong
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lauren L Truitt
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julia Klermund
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Y Kim
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Saar Gill
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shengdar Q Tsai
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, NHLBI, NIH, Building 10-CRC, 5E-3332, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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9
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Lee BC, Lozano RJ, Dunbar CE. Understanding and overcoming adverse consequences of genome editing on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Mol Ther 2021; 29:3205-3218. [PMID: 34509667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) gene therapies have recently moved beyond gene-addition approaches to encompass targeted genome modification or correction, based on the development of zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR-Cas technologies. Advances in ex vivo HSPC manipulation techniques have greatly improved HSPC susceptibility to genetic modification. Targeted gene-editing techniques enable precise modifications at desired genomic sites. Numerous preclinical studies have already demonstrated the therapeutic potential of gene therapies based on targeted editing. However, several significant hurdles related to adverse consequences of gene editing on HSPC function and genomic integrity remain before broad clinical potential can be realized. This review summarizes the status of HSPC gene editing, focusing on efficiency, genomic integrity, and long-term engraftment ability related to available genetic editing platforms and HSPC delivery methods. The response of long-term engrafting HSPCs to nuclease-mediated DNA breaks, with activation of p53, is a significant challenge, as are activation of innate and adaptive immune responses to editing components. Lastly, we propose alternative strategies that can overcome current hurdles to HSPC editing at various stages from cell collection to transplantation to facilitate successful clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Chul Lee
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard J Lozano
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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10
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D'Souza SS, Bennett S, Kumar A, Kelnhofer LE, Weinfurter J, Suknuntha K, Coonen J, Mejia A, Simmons H, Golos T, Hematti P, Capitini CM, Reynolds MR, Slukvin II. Transplantation of T-cell receptor α/β-depleted allogeneic bone marrow in nonhuman primates. Exp Hematol 2021; 93:44-51. [PMID: 33176119 PMCID: PMC7855119 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.09.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is a potentially curative treatment for hematologic cancers and chronic infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Its success in these settings is attributed to the ability of engrafting immune cells to eliminate cancer cells or deplete the HIV reservoir (graft-versus-host effect [GvHE]). However, alloHSCT is commonly associated with graft-versus-host diseases (GvHDs) causing significant morbidity and mortality, thereby requiring development of novel allogeneic HSCT protocols and therapies promoting GvHE without GvHD using physiologically relevant preclinical models. Here we evaluated the outcomes of major histocompatibility complex-matched T-cell receptor α/β-depleted alloHSCT in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCMs). Following T-cell receptor α/β depletion, bone marrow cells were transplanted into major histocompatibility complex-identical MCMs conditioned with total body irradiation. GvHD prophylaxis included sirolimus alone in two animals or tacrolimus with cyclophosphamide in another two animals. Posttransplant chimerism was determined by sequencing diagnostic single-nucleotide polymorphisms to quantify the amounts of donor and recipient cells present in blood. Animals treated posttransplant with sirolimus developed nearly complete chimerism with acute GvHD. In the cyclophosphamide and tacrolimus treatment group, animals developed mixed chimerism without GvHD, with long-term engraftment observed in one animal. None of the animals developed cytomegalovirus infection. These studies indicate the feasibility of alloHSCT engraftment without GvHD in an MHC-identical MCM model following complete myeloablative conditioning and anti-GvHD prophylaxis with posttransplant cyclophosphamide and tacrolimus. Further exploration of this model will provide a platform for elucidating the mechanisms of GvHD and GvHE and for testing novel alloHSCT modalities for HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha S D'Souza
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Sarah Bennett
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Laurel E Kelnhofer
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Jason Weinfurter
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Kran Suknuntha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Jennifer Coonen
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Andres Mejia
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Heather Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Thaddeus Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Division of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI
| | - Christian M Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Matthew R Reynolds
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Igor I Slukvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Madison, WI.
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11
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Koniaeva E, Stahlhut M, Lange L, Sauer MG, Kustikova OS, Schambach A. Conditional Immortalization of Lymphoid Progenitors via Tetracycline-Regulated LMO2 Expression. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 31:183-198. [PMID: 31760808 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditional immortalization of hematopoietic progenitors through lentiviral expression of selected transcription factors in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells provides a promising tool to study stem cell and leukemia biology. In this study, to generate conditionally immortalized lymphoid progenitor (ciLP) cell lines, murine hematopoietic progenitor cells were transduced with an inducible lentiviral "all-in-one" vector expressing LMO2 under doxycycline (DOX) stimulation and the reverse tetracycline-regulated transactivator (rtTA3). For selection of LMO2-expressing ciLPs (LMO2-ciLPs) and longitudinal manipulation in T cell differentiation lymphoid conditions, we developed a robust approach based on coculture with OP9-DL1 stromal cells and improved cytokine conditions allowing a controlled balance between cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro. LMO2-ciLP cell lines with the highest proliferation, vector copy number, and similar insertion pattern were selected for LMO2 "on/off" in vitro study. LMO2 expression under DOX induction resulted in a double negative (DN) 2 differentiation arrest and a propagation of CD44+CD25- myeloid cell population characterized by lymphoid and myeloid phenotypes, respectively. Both DN2 and CD44+CD25- myeloid cell subpopulations expressed c-KIT, suggesting that LMO2-ciLPs were similar to uncommitted progenitors under DOX supplementation. DOX removal resulted in cessation of ectopic LMO2 expression and LMO2-ciLPs continued T cell lymphoid differentiation accompanied by c-KIT downregulation and interleukin 7 receptor expression. Switching off LMO2 expression was accompanied by increased Notch signaling and significant reduction of the CD44+CD25- myeloid cell population under T cell differentiation lymphoid conditions. Although vector insertions in cooperation with LMO2 expression could influence the fate of LMO2-ciLPs and additional experiments are required to evaluate it, our approach provides a promising tool to investigate mechanisms underlying stem cell, leukemia, and lymphocyte biology, leading to novel approaches for disease modeling and therapy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Koniaeva
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maike Stahlhut
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lucas Lange
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin G Sauer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Olga S Kustikova
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Georgomanoli M, Papapetrou EP. Modeling blood diseases with human induced pluripotent stem cells. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:12/6/dmm039321. [PMID: 31171568 PMCID: PMC6602313 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are derived from somatic cells through a reprogramming process, which converts them to a pluripotent state, akin to that of embryonic stem cells. Over the past decade, iPSC models have found increasing applications in the study of human diseases, with blood disorders featuring prominently. Here, we discuss methodological aspects pertaining to iPSC generation, hematopoietic differentiation and gene editing, and provide an overview of uses of iPSCs in modeling the cell and gene therapy of inherited genetic blood disorders, as well as their more recent use as models of myeloid malignancies. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of iPSCs compared to model organisms and other cellular systems commonly used in hematology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Georgomanoli
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eirini P Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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13
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CRISPR/Cas9 PIG -A gene editing in nonhuman primate model demonstrates no intrinsic clonal expansion of PNH HSPCs. Blood 2019; 133:2542-2545. [PMID: 31003997 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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14
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Yabe IM, Truitt LL, Espinoza DA, Wu C, Koelle S, Panch S, Corat MA, Winkler T, Yu KR, Hong SG, Bonifacino A, Krouse A, Metzger M, Donahue RE, Dunbar CE. Barcoding of Macaque Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells: A Robust Platform to Assess Vector Genotoxicity. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 11:143-154. [PMID: 30547048 PMCID: PMC6258888 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapies using integrating retrovirus vectors to modify hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells have shown great promise for the treatment of immune system and hematologic diseases. However, activation of proto-oncogenes via insertional mutagenesis has resulted in the development of leukemia. We have utilized cellular bar coding to investigate the impact of different vector designs on the clonal behavior of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) during in vivo expansion, as a quantitative surrogate assay for genotoxicity in a non-human primate model with high relevance for human biology. We transplanted two rhesus macaques with autologous CD34+ HSPCs transduced with three lentiviral vectors containing different promoters and/or enhancers of a predicted range of genotoxicities, each containing a high-diversity barcode library that uniquely tags each individual transduced HSPC. Analysis of clonal output from thousands of individual HSPCs transduced with these barcoded vectors revealed sustained clonal diversity, with no progressive dominance of clones containing any of the three vectors for up to almost 3 years post-transplantation. Our data support a low genotoxic risk for lentivirus vectors in HSPCs, even those containing strong promoters and/or enhancers. Additionally, this flexible system can be used for the testing of future vector designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idalia M. Yabe
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Lauren L. Truitt
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Diego A. Espinoza
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chuanfeng Wu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samson Koelle
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sandhya Panch
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marcus A.F. Corat
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-877, Brazil
| | - Thomas Winkler
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kyung-Rok Yu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - So Gun Hong
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aylin Bonifacino
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Allen Krouse
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Metzger
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert E. Donahue
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cynthia E. Dunbar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author: Cynthia E. Dunbar, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Building 10 CRC Room 4E-5132, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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15
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Liu L, Jiang H, Zhao J, Wen H. MiRNA-16 inhibited oral squamous carcinoma tumor growth in vitro and in vivo via suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:5111-5119. [PMID: 30197522 PMCID: PMC6112799 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s153888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral carcinoma, one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers, has a poor prognosis and low survival rate with treatment. In recent years, some studies reported the upregulation of miRNA-16 (miR-16) in the oral carcinoma, whereas some other studies confirmed the downregulation of miR-16. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the function of miR-16 in oral carcinoma. Materials and methods Cell proliferation assay was measured by MTT assay, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of miR-16, and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. In addition, the expression of proteins was detected by Western blot. Moreover, xenograft tumor model was established to detect the effect of miR-16 in vivo. Results The results suggested that miR-16 was downregulated in the oral carcinoma tissues. Overexpression of miR-16 inhibited the growth and proliferation of oral squamous carcinoma cells (OSCCs) and induced apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, which is due to the suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Conclusion This study provides evidence that overexpression of miR-16 inhibits OSCC growth by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our findings suggest that overexpression of miR-16 could be a potential approach for gene therapy of OSCC in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Stomatology of Mylike Plastic and Cosmetic Hospital of ChongQing, Chongqing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China,
| | - Han Jiang
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China,
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16
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The impact of aging on primate hematopoiesis as interrogated by clonal tracking. Blood 2018; 131:1195-1205. [PMID: 29295845 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-08-802033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated changes in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) have been carefully documented in mouse models but poorly characterized in primates and humans. To investigate clinically relevant aspects of hematopoietic aging, we compared the clonal output of thousands of genetically barcoded HSPCs in aged vs young macaques after autologous transplantation. Aged macaques showed delayed emergence of output from multipotent (MP) clones, with persistence of lineage-biased clones for many months after engraftment. In contrast to murine aging models reporting persistence of myeloid-biased HSPCs, aged macaques demonstrated persistent output from both B-cell and myeloid-biased clones. Clonal expansions of MP, myeloid-biased, and B-biased clones occurred in aged macaques, providing a potential model for human clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate prognosis. These results suggest that long-term MP HSPC output is impaired in aged macaques, resulting in differences in the kinetics and lineage reconstitution patterns between young and aged primates in an autologous transplantation setting.
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17
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Haynes LD, Coonen J, Post J, Brunner K, Bloom D, Hematti P, Kaufman DB. Collection of hematopoietic CD34 stem cells in rhesus macaques using Spectra Optia. J Clin Apher 2016; 32:288-294. [PMID: 27578423 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonhuman primates, particularly rhesus macaques, are ideal preclinical large animal models to investigate organ tolerance induction protocols using donor hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to induce chimerism. Their relatively small size poses some challenges for the safe and effective collection of peripheral blood HSCs through apheresis procedures. We describe our experiences using the Spectra Optia apheresis unit to successfully obtain HSCs from mobilized peripheral blood of rhesus macaques. METHOD Mobilization of peripheral blood HSCs was induced using granulocyte stimulating factor (G-CSF) and Mozobil. The Spectra Optia unit was used in 18 apheresis procedures in 13 animals (4.9-10 kg). Animal health was carefully monitored during and after the procedure. Changes in peripheral blood cells before, during and after procedure were determined by complete blood count and flow cytometry. RESULTS The automatic settings of the Spectra Optia unit were applied successfully to the procedures on the rhesus macaque. All animals tolerated the procedure well with no mortality. Mobilization of HSCs were most consistently achieved using 50 μg/kg of G-CSF for 5 days and a single dose of Mozobil on the 5th day, followed by collection of cells 3 h after Mozobil injection. The final apheresis product contained an average of 23 billion total nucleated cells with 47% granulocytes, 3,871 million total CD3 cells and 77 million CD34 cells which resulted in an average of 10 million CD34+ cells/kg of donor weight. CONCLUSION Apheresis of peripheral blood mobilized HSCs in rhesus macaques using Spectra Optia is a safe and effective procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn D Haynes
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Jennifer Coonen
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jennifer Post
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kevin Brunner
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Debra Bloom
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Dixon B Kaufman
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
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18
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Randolph MK, Zhao W. Genome editing and stem cell therapy pave the path for new treatment of sickle-cell disease. Stem Cell Investig 2015; 2:22. [PMID: 27358890 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9759.2015.11.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Sickle-cell disease (SCD), also known as sickle-cell anemia, is a hereditary blood disorder characterized by the presence of abnormal hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells. This devastating hematologic disease affects millions of children worldwide. Currently the only available cure is an allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) which is limited by the scarcity of fully-matched donors. SCD is caused by a single nucleotide mutation in the beta-globin gene. Correction of this genetic defect would provide a cure for the disease. Two recent murine studies have provided proof of principle for such a strategy by correcting the mutation in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) using genome editing techniques. With transformative advances being made in the genome editing field, effective and precise manipulation of cellular genomes is becoming highly feasible. Genome editing techniques in combination with stem cell therapy should provide a safe and curative treatment of various genetic diseases such as SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Katherine Randolph
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA ; 2 Oklahoma City Community College, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Wanke Zhao
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA ; 2 Oklahoma City Community College, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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19
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Clonal Dominance With Retroviral Vector Insertions Near the ANGPT1 and ANGPT2 Genes in a Human Xenotransplant Mouse Model. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 3:e200. [PMID: 25291142 PMCID: PMC4217076 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2014.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Insertional leukemogenesis represents the major risk factor of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) based gene therapy utilizing integrating viral vectors. To develop a pre-clinical model for the evaluation of vector-related genotoxicity directly in the relevant human target cells, cord blood CD34+ HSCs were transplanted into immunodeficient NOD.SCID.IL2rg−/− (NSG) mice after transduction with an LTR-driven gammaretroviral vector (GV). Furthermore, we specifically investigated the effect of prolonged in vitro culture in the presence of cytokines recently described to promote HSC expansion or maintenance. Clonality of human hematopoiesis in NSG mice was assessed by high throughput insertion site analyses and validated by insertion site-specific PCR depicting a GV typical integration profile with insertion sites resembling to 25% those of clinical studies. No overrepresentation of integrations in the vicinity of cancer-related genes was observed, however, several dominant clones were identified including two clones harboring integrations in the ANGPT1 and near the ANGPT2 genes associated with deregulated ANGPT1- and ANGPT2-mRNA levels. While these data underscore the potential value of the NSG model, our studies also identified short-comings such as overall low numbers of engrafted HSCs, limited in vivo observation time, and the challenges of in-depth insertion site analyses by low contribution of gene modified hematopoiesis.
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