1
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Çubukçu HC, Mesutoğlu PY, Seval GC, Beksaç M. Ex vivo expansion of natural killer cells for hematological cancer immunotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2503-2533. [PMID: 36333526 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present systematic review aimed to investigate natural killer (NK) cell ex vivo expansion protocols within the scope of clinical trials targeting hematological cancer and to conduct a meta-analysis to assess the effect of NK cell infusion on survival. Research articles of clinical studies in which cell products produced by ex vivo expansion, consisting of a certain amount of NK cells and infused to patients with hematological cancer, were included in the systematic review. We conducted a proportion analysis with random effects for product purity and viability values. Studies having control groups were included in the survival meta-analysis. Among 11.028 identified records, 21 were included in the systematic review. We observed statistically significant heterogeneity for viability (I2 = 97.83%, p < 0.001) and purity values (I2 = 99.95%, p < 0.001), which was attributed to the diversity among isolation and expansion protocols. In addition, the survival meta-analysis findings suggested that NK cell therapy favors disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with myeloid malignancies but limited to only two clinical studies (odds ratio = 3.40 (confidence interval:1.27-9.10), p = 0.01). While included protocols yielded cell products with acceptable viability, the utility of immunomagnetic methods; feeder cells such as K562 expressing membrane-bound IL15 and 4-1BBL or expressing membrane-bound IL21 and 4-1BBL might be preferable to achieve better purity. In conclusion, NK cell therapy has a potential to improve DFS of patients with myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikmet Can Çubukçu
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Ankara University Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
- Autism, Special Mental Needs and Rare Diseases Department, General Directorate of Health Services, Turkish Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Meral Beksaç
- Department of Hematology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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2
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Hatami Z, Hashemi ZS, Eftekhary M, Amiri A, Karpisheh V, Nasrollahi K, Jafari R. Natural killer cell-derived exosomes for cancer immunotherapy: innovative therapeutics art. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:157. [PMID: 37543612 PMCID: PMC10403883 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cells (CAR-NK) promote off-the-shelf cellular therapy for solid tumors and malignancy.However,, the development of CAR-NK is due to their immune surveillance uncertainty and cytotoxicity challenge was restricted. Natural killer cell-derived exosome (NK-Exo) combine crucial targeted cellular therapies of NK cell therapies with unique non-toxic Exo as a self-origin shuttle against cancer immunotherapy. This review study covers cytokines, adoptive (autologous and allogenic) NK immunotherapy, stimulatory and regulatory functions, and cell-free derivatives from NK cells. The future path of NK-Exo cytotoxicity and anti-tumor activity with considering non-caspase-independent/dependent apoptosis and Fas/FasL pathway in cancer immunotherapy. Finally, the significance and implication of NK-Exo therapeutics through combination therapy and the development of emerging approaches for the purification and delivery NK-Exo to severe immune and tumor cells and tissues were discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hatami
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Hashemi
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamad Eftekhary
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ala Amiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Karpisheh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kaveh Nasrollahi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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3
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Parodi M, Astigiano S, Carrega P, Pietra G, Vitale C, Damele L, Grottoli M, Guevara Lopez MDLL, Ferracini R, Bertolini G, Roato I, Vitale M, Orecchia P. Murine models to study human NK cells in human solid tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209237. [PMID: 37388731 PMCID: PMC10301748 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first studies, the mouse models have provided crucial support for the most important discoveries on NK cells, on their development, function, and circulation within normal and tumor tissues. Murine tumor models were initially set to study murine NK cells, then, ever more sophisticated human-in-mice models have been developed to investigate the behavior of human NK cells and minimize the interferences from the murine environment. This review presents an overview of the models that have been used along time to study NK cells, focusing on the most popular NOG and NSG models, which work as recipients for the preparation of human-in-mice tumor models, the study of transferred human NK cells, and the evaluation of various enhancers of human NK cell function, including cytokines and chimeric molecules. Finally, an overview of the next generation humanized mice is also provided along with a discussion on how traditional and innovative in-vivo and in-vitro approaches could be integrated to optimize effective pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Parodi
- Unità Operativa UO Patologia e Immunologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Simonetta Astigiano
- Animal Facility, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Carrega
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Unità Operativa UO Patologia e Immunologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Vitale
- Unità Operativa UO Patologia e Immunologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Damele
- Unità Operativa UO Patologia e Immunologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Melania Grottoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Ferracini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Bone and Dental Bioengineering Laboratory, C.I.R Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Bertolini
- “Epigenomics and Biomarkers of Solid Tumors”, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Roato
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Bone and Dental Bioengineering Laboratory, C.I.R Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Vitale
- Unità Operativa UO Patologia e Immunologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Orecchia
- Unità Operativa UO Patologia e Immunologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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4
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Wang F, Cui Y, He D, Gong L, Liang H. Natural killer cells in sepsis: Friends or foes? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1101918. [PMID: 36776839 PMCID: PMC9909201 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the major causes of death in the hospital worldwide. The pathology of sepsis is tightly associated with dysregulation of innate immune responses. The contribution of macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells to sepsis is well documented, whereas the role of natural killer (NK) cells, which are critical innate lymphoid lineage cells, remains unclear. In some studies, the activation of NK cells has been reported as a risk factor leading to severe organ damage or death. In sharp contrast, some other studies revealed that triggering NK cell activity contributes to alleviating sepsis. In all, although there are several reports on NK cells in sepsis, whether they exert detrimental or protective effects remains unclear. Here, we will review the available experimental and clinical studies about the opposing roles of NK cells in sepsis, and we will discuss the prospects for NK cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combines Injury, Department of Wound Infection and Drug, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yiqin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combines Injury, Department of Wound Infection and Drug, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dongmei He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combines Injury, Department of Wound Infection and Drug, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lisha Gong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Huaping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combines Injury, Department of Wound Infection and Drug, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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5
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Caruso S, De Angelis B, Del Bufalo F, Ciccone R, Donsante S, Volpe G, Manni S, Guercio M, Pezzella M, Iaffaldano L, Silvestris DA, Sinibaldi M, Di Cecca S, Pitisci A, Velardi E, Merli P, Algeri M, Lodi M, Paganelli V, Serafini M, Riminucci M, Locatelli F, Quintarelli C. Safe and effective off-the-shelf immunotherapy based on CAR.CD123-NK cells for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:163. [PMID: 36335396 PMCID: PMC9636687 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is characterized by poor outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory disease, despite the improvements in intensive standard therapy. The leukaemic cells of paediatric AML patients show high expression of the CD123 antigen, and this finding provides the biological basis to target CD123 with the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). However, CAR.CD123 therapy in AML is hampered by on-target off-tumour toxicity and a long “vein-to-vein” time.
Methods We developed an off-the-shelf product based on allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells derived from the peripheral blood of healthy donors and engineered them to express a second-generation CAR targeting CD123 (CAR.CD123). Results CAR.CD123-NK cells showed significant anti-leukaemia activity not only in vitro against CD123+ AML cell lines and CD123+ primary blasts but also in two animal models of human AML-bearing immune-deficient mice. Data on anti-leukaemia activity were also corroborated by the quantification of inflammatory cytokines, namely granzyme B (Granz B), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), both in vitro and in the plasma of mice treated with CAR.CD123-NK cells.
To evaluate and compare the on-target off-tumour effects of CAR.CD123-T and NK cells, we engrafted human haematopoietic cells (hHCs) in an immune-deficient mouse model. All mice infused with CAR.CD123-T cells died by Day 5, developing toxicity against primary human bone marrow (BM) cells with a decreased number of total hCD45+ cells and, in particular, of hCD34+CD38− stem cells. In contrast, treatment with CAR.CD123-NK cells was not associated with toxicity, and all mice were alive at the end of the experiments. Finally, in a mouse model engrafted with human endothelial tissues, we demonstrated that CAR.CD123-NK cells were characterized by negligible endothelial toxicity when compared to CAR.CD123-T cells.
Conclusions Our data indicate the feasibility of an innovative off-the-shelf therapeutic strategy based on CAR.CD123-NK cells, characterized by remarkable efficacy and an improved safety profile compared to CAR.CD123-T cells. These findings open a novel intriguing scenario not only for the treatment of refractory/resistant AML patients but also to further investigate the use of CAR-NK cells in other cancers characterized by highly difficult targeting with the most conventional T effector cells.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13045-022-01376-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Caruso
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio De Angelis
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Del Bufalo
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roselia Ciccone
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Samantha Donsante
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Volpe
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Manni
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Guercio
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Pezzella
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Iaffaldano
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Alessandro Silvestris
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matilde Sinibaldi
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Cecca
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Pitisci
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Velardi
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Merli
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Algeri
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Lodi
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Paganelli
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Serafini
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754Department of Pediatrics, Tettamanti Research Center, Fondazione MBBM/San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Mara Riminucci
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy ,grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Quintarelli
- grid.414125.70000 0001 0727 6809Department of Oncology-Haematology, and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy ,grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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6
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Chen X, Wang D, Zhu X. Application of double-negative T cells in haematological malignancies: recent progress and future directions. Biomark Res 2022; 10:11. [PMID: 35287737 PMCID: PMC8919567 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematologic malignancies account for a large proportion of cancers worldwide. The high occurrence and mortality of haematologic malignancies create a heavy social burden. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is widely used in the treatment of haematologic malignancies. However, graft-versus-host disease and relapse after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation are inevitable. An emerging treatment method, adoptive cellular therapy, has been effectively used in the treatment of haematologic malignancies. T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) all have great potential in therapeutic applications, and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy especially has potential, but cytokine release syndrome and off-target effects are common. Efficient anticancer measures are urgently needed. In recent years, double-negative T cells (CD3+CD4-CD8-) have been found to have great potential in preventing allograft/xenograft rejection and inhibiting graft-versus-host disease. They also have substantial ability to kill various cell lines derived from haematologic malignancies in an MHC-unrestricted manner. In addition, healthy donor expanded double-negative T cells retain their antitumour abilities and ability to inhibit graft-versus-host disease after cryopreservation under good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions, indicating that double-negative T cells may be able to be used as an off-the-shelf product. In this review, we shed light on the potential therapeutic ability of double-negative T cells in treating haematologic malignancies. We hope to exploit these cells as a novel therapy for haematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchi Chen
- Department of hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Blood and Cell Therapy Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Research and Applications, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Dongyao Wang
- Department of hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Blood and Cell Therapy Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Research and Applications, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China. .,Blood and Cell Therapy Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China. .,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Research and Applications, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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Gambella M, Carlomagno S, Raiola AM, Giannoni L, Ghiggi C, Setti C, Giordano C, Luchetti S, Serio A, Bo A, Falco M, Della Chiesa M, Angelucci E, Sivori S. CD19-Targeted Immunotherapies for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837457. [PMID: 35280988 PMCID: PMC8911710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were, for many years, the only available cancer treatments. Recently, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies has emerged as promising alternative. These cancer immunotherapies are aimed to support or harness the patient's immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. Preclinical and clinical studies, based on the use of T cells and more recently NK cells genetically modified with chimeric antigen receptors retargeting the adoptive cell therapy towards tumor cells, have already shown remarkable results. In this review, we outline the latest highlights and progress in immunotherapies for the treatment of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) patients, focusing on CD19-targeted immunotherapies. We also discuss current clinical trials and opportunities of using immunotherapies to treat DLBCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Gambella
- Ematologia e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Carlomagno
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Raiola
- Ematologia e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Livia Giannoni
- Ematologia e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ghiggi
- Ematologia e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Setti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Giordano
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Luchetti
- Ematologia e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Serio
- Ematologia e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bo
- Ematologia e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michela Falco
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Integrated Department of Services and Laboratories, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Angelucci
- Ematologia e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Sivori
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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8
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Mikelez-Alonso I, Magadán S, González-Fernández Á, Borrego F. Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapies and the many faces of NK cell memory: A look into how nanoparticles enhance NK cell activity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113860. [PMID: 34237404 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes able to exert potent antitumor and antiviral functions by different means. Besides their classification as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), NK cells exhibit memory-like and memory responses after cytokine preactivation, viral infections and hapten exposure. Multiple NK cell-based immunotherapies have been developed and are currently being tested, including the possibility to translate the NK cell memory responses into the clinic. Nevertheless, still there is a need to improve these therapies, especially for the treatment of solid tumors, and nanotechnology represents an attractive option to increase NK cell effector functions against transformed cells. In this article, we review the basis of NK cell activity, the diversity of the NK cell memory responses and the current NK cell-based immunotherapies that are being used in the clinic. Furthermore, we take a look into nanotechnology-based strategies targeting NK cells to modulate their responses for effective immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Mikelez-Alonso
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Immunopathology Group, Barakaldo, Spain; Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Susana Magadán
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Immunology Group, Vigo, Spain; Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-GS), Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
| | - África González-Fernández
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Immunology Group, Vigo, Spain; Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-GS), Hospital Alvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
| | - Francisco Borrego
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Immunopathology Group, Barakaldo, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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9
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Lu H, Zhao X, Li Z, Hu Y, Wang H. From CAR-T Cells to CAR-NK Cells: A Developing Immunotherapy Method for Hematological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:720501. [PMID: 34422667 PMCID: PMC8377427 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.720501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The approval of CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T (CAR-T) cell products in B-cell malignancies represents a breakthrough in CAR-T cell immunotherapy. However, the remaining limitations concerning the graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and other adverse effects (e.g., cytokine release syndromes [CRS] and neurotoxicity) still restrict their wider applications. Natural killer (NK) cells have been identified as promising candidates for CAR-based cellular immunotherapy because of their unique characteristics. No HLA-matching restriction and abundant sources make CAR-engineered NK (CAR-NK) cells potentially available to be off-the-shelf products that could be readily available for immediate clinical use. Therefore, researchers have gradually shifted their focus from CAR-T cells to CAR-NK cells in hematological malignancies. This review discusses the current status and applications of CAR-NK cells in hematological malignancies, as well as the unique advantages of CAR-NK cells compared with CAR-T cells. It also discusses challenges and prospects regarding clinical applications of CAR-NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziying Li
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huafang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Capuano C, Pighi C, Battella S, De Federicis D, Galandrini R, Palmieri G. Harnessing CD16-Mediated NK Cell Functions to Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy of Tumor-Targeting mAbs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102500. [PMID: 34065399 PMCID: PMC8161310 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Natural Killer (NK) cells play a major role in cancer immunotherapy based on tumor-targeting mAbs. NK cell-mediated tumor cell killing and cytokine secretion are powerfully stimulated upon interaction with IgG-opsonized tumor cells, through the aggregation of FcγRIIIA/CD16 IgG receptor. Advances in basic and translational NK cell biology have led to the development of strategies that, by improving mAb-dependent antitumor responses, may overcome the current limitations of antibody therapy attributable to tolerance, immunosuppressive microenvironment, and genotypic factors. This review provides an overview of the immunotherapeutic strategies being pursued to improve the efficacy of mAb-induced NK antitumor activity. The exploitation of antibody combinations, antibody-based molecules, used alone or combined with adoptive NK cell therapy, will be uncovered. Within the landscape of NK cell heterogeneity, we stress the role of memory NK cells as promising effectors in the next generation of immunotherapy with the aim to obtain long-lasting tumor control. Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells hold a pivotal role in tumor-targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based activity due to the expression of CD16, the low-affinity receptor for IgG. Indeed, beyond exerting cytotoxic function, activated NK cells also produce an array of cytokines and chemokines, through which they interface with and potentiate adaptive immune responses. Thus, CD16-activated NK cells can concur to mAb-dependent “vaccinal effect”, i.e., the development of antigen-specific responses, which may be highly relevant in maintaining long-term protection of treated patients. On this basis, the review will focus on strategies aimed at potentiating NK cell-mediated antitumor functions in tumor-targeting mAb-based regimens, represented by (a) mAb manipulation strategies, aimed at augmenting recruitment and efficacy of NK cells, such as Fc-engineering, and the design of bi- or trispecific NK cell engagers and (b) the possible exploitation of memory NK cells, whose distinctive characteristics (enhanced responsiveness to CD16 engagement, longevity, and intrinsic resistance to the immunosuppressive microenvironment) may maximize therapeutic mAb antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.D.F.)
| | - Chiara Pighi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.D.F.)
| | - Simone Battella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.D.F.)
- ReiThera Srl, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide De Federicis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.D.F.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ricciarda Galandrini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.D.F.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Gabriella Palmieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.P.); (S.B.); (D.D.F.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (G.P.)
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