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Boggiatto PM, Kanipe CR, Putz EJ, Olsen SC, Palmer MV. Wildlife Immune Responses to Mycobacterium bovis and to Bacille of Calmette-Guerin. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1173-1179. [PMID: 37782851 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic bacterial disease presenting public health, veterinary, and economic threats around the globe. Although cattle producers rely on regular testing and management practices to minimize domestic herd exposure, wildlife species around the world continue to be the main reservoirs for disease. Wildlife reservoirs for bTB include the Eurasian badger (Meles meles) in Great Britain and Ireland, the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New Zealand, wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Spain, as well as white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the United States and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Spain. Although all reservoir species share the ability to infect cattle, they differ in transmission capability, disease pathogenesis, diagnostic detection, and vaccination strategies. In this review, bTB interactions with these wildlife reservoirs are discussed, illustrating the need to address bTB disease in wildlife hosts to achieve eradication in domestic livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola M Boggiatto
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA
| | - Carly R Kanipe
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA
| | - Ellie J Putz
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA
| | - Steven C Olsen
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA
| | - Mitchell V Palmer
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA
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2
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Mitchell JL, Del Pozo J, Woolley CSC, Dheendsa R, Hope JC, Gunn-Moore DA. Histological and immunohistochemical features suggesting aetiological differences in lymph node and (muco)cutaneous feline tuberculosis lesions. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 63:174-187. [PMID: 34101189 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify and describe histological and immunohistochemical criteria that may differentiate between skin and lymph node lesions associated with Mycobacterium (M.) bovis and M. microti in a diagnostic pathology setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Archived skin and lymph node biopsies of tuberculous lesions were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Ziehl-Neelsen and Masson's Trichrome. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of calprotectin, CD3 and Pax5. Samples were scored for histological parameters (i.e. granulomas with central necrosis versus small granulomas without central necrosis, percentage necrosis and/or multinucleated giant cells), number of acid-fast bacilli (bacterial index) and lesion percentage of fibrosis and positive immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Twenty-two samples were examined (M. bovis n=11, M. microti n=11). When controlling for age, gender and tissue, feline M. bovis-associated lesions more often featured large multi-layered granulomas with central necrosis. Conversely, this presentation was infrequent in feline M. microti-associated lesions, where small granulomas without central necrosis predominated. The presence of an outer fibrous capsule was variable in both groups, as was the bacterial index. There were no differences in intralesional expression of immunohistochemical markers. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Differences in the histological appearance of skin and lymph node lesions may help to infer feline infection with either M. bovis or M. microti at an earlier stage when investigating these cases, informing clinicians of the potential zoonotic risk. Importantly, cases of tuberculosis can present with numerous acid-fast bacilli. This implies that a high bacterial index does not infer infection with non-zoonotic non-tuberculous mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Mitchell
- *Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - J Del Pozo
- *Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - C S C Woolley
- *Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - R Dheendsa
- *Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - J C Hope
- *Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - D A Gunn-Moore
- *Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
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Local Lung Immune Response to Mycobacterium bovis Challenge after BCG and M. bovis Heat-Inactivated Vaccination in European Badger ( Meles meles). Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060456. [PMID: 32526872 PMCID: PMC7350352 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) vaccination could be used as a key part of integrated strategies for the disease’s control if an effective and safe vaccine under field conditions is obtained. Recent studies in Spain have evaluated the protective efficacy of two oral vaccines against experimental challenge with live intra-bronchial Mycobacterium bovis in captive badgers: the live-attenuated M. bovis BCG vaccine (Danish strain) and a heat-inactivated M. bovis (HIMB) vaccine. With the objective of increasing the knowledge of the cellular development progress of infection and generating further tools to discriminate between mild and severe TB lesions between and within animals, the immunopathology of tuberculous lesions was studied to characterize the local immune response (cell type profile) within lung granulomas from control (non-vaccinated), BCG vaccinated and HIMB-vaccinated experimentally infected badgers with M. bovis. Four immunohistochemical protocols, for the specific detection of macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and plasma cells within TB granulomas in formalin fixed sections of the right middle lung lobe (lobe targeted for the M. bovis delivery), were performed. Immunolabelled sections were scanned and five randomly selected areas were analyzed with digital image analysis software. The results were expressed as the proportion of the positively immunolabelled area within the total area of the selected site. Data was analyzed using the statistical analysis software (SAS). In the three treatment groups, macrophages were the most abundant inflammatory cells within the granulomas, followed by B lymphocytes and plasma cells. T lymphocyes were absent in those granulomas. This would suggest a predominance of a non-specific innate response mediated by phagocytic cells over an adaptative humoral immune response. The proportion of macrophages and plasma cells was higher in BCG and HIMB-vaccinated badgers, respectively, suggesting the establishment of an adaptative humoral response in HIMB-vaccinated badgers. The lower bacterial load at the lung level, as well as the volume of lesions in lungs using magnetic resonance imaging in badgers with the HIMB vaccine in relation with local immune response presented, must be highlighted, since it would be an advantage in favor of its use under field conditions in terms of reducing TB transmission and environmental contamination.
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Bianco C, Sánchez-Cordón PJ, Verin R, Godinho A, Weyer U, Lesellier S, Spiropoulos J, Floyd T, Everest D, Núñez A. Investigation into the Pathology of Idiopathic Systemic Amyloidosis in Four Captive Badgers (Meles meles). J Comp Pathol 2020; 176:128-132. [PMID: 32359625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Systemic idiopathic amyloidosis was described in four captive badgers (Meles meles). Two animals (B1 and B2) were not enrolled in any trial, while animals B3 and B4 took part in a vaccine efficacy study and had been challenged with Mycobacterium bovis. A full set of tissues was collected and processed routinely for histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. Splenomegaly was found in three out of four animals. Histopathological evaluation revealed congophilic, permanganate-resistant systemic amyloid deposits in the tissues of all badgers. Animals B2 and B4 displayed a marked granulomatous response to amyloid within the spleen. Animals B1 and B2 also displayed clinicopathological findings suggestive of chronic kidney disease. Ultrastructural examination identified peculiar star-shaped arrays of amyloid. Immunohistochemical studies were unrewarding. Systemic amyloidosis should be considered among the differentials of wasting in captive badgers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bianco
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Lasswade, UK.
| | | | - R Verin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Godinho
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - U Weyer
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - S Lesellier
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - J Spiropoulos
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - T Floyd
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - D Everest
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - A Núñez
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
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Bianco C, Lesellier S, Barrat J, Richomme C, Boschiroli ML, Núñez A. Subclinical BCG-osis in a Captive Badger (Meles meles) with Lymphoma. J Comp Pathol 2020; 176:76-80. [PMID: 32359639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Subclinical systemic dissemination of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is described in a captive badger (Meles meles) with lymphoma. An adult female European badger was vaccinated per os with BCG and after 8 weeks post-mortem examination identified marked lymphadenomegaly and multinodular hepatic lesions. The histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed a multicentric T-cell lymphoma, associated with high BCG bacterial load in numerous tissues. The histology did not identify BCG-associated lesions. The scenario suggested that the T-cell lymphoma likely favoured the dissemination of the BCG ('BCG-osis'). Given that lymphoma is rare in badgers, this neoplasm should not interfere with the efficacy of large-scale vaccination programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bianco
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Lasswade, UK.
| | - S Lesellier
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
| | - J Barrat
- Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Malzéville, France
| | - C Richomme
- Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Malzéville, France
| | - M-L Boschiroli
- University Paris-Est, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Laboratory for Animal Health, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - A Núñez
- Pathology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, UK
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Lesellier S. Immunological responses of European badgers (Meles Meles) to infection with Mycobacterium bovis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 61:9-15. [PMID: 30502833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis is the main cause of bovine tuberculosis and its eradication is proving difficult in many countries because of wildlife reservoirs, including European badgers (Meles meles) in the UK Ireland. Following the development of badger specific immunological reagents, many studies have shown that some aspects of the cellular and serological immune responses of badgers to virulent M. bovis and the attenuated M. bovis BCG (Bacille of Calmette and Guérin) strain are similar to those seen in other animal hosts infected with M. bovis. However, badgers also appear to have developed specific immunological responses to M. bovis infection which may be associated with mild inflammatory responses. Badgers may therefore represent an interesting natural host for M. bovis that can provide a more thorough understanding of efficient immunological responses to tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lesellier
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
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Immunohistochemical characterization of tuberculous lesions in sheep naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:154. [PMID: 29728127 PMCID: PMC5935922 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sheep have been traditionally considered as less susceptible to Mycobacterium bovis (Mbovis) infection than other domestic ruminants such as cattle and goats. However, there is increasing evidence for the role of this species as a domestic Mbovis reservoir, mostly when sheep share grazing fields with infected cattle and goats. Nevertheless, there is a lack of information about the pathogenesis and the immune response of Mbovis infection in sheep. The goals of this study were to characterize the granuloma stages produced by the natural infection of Mbovis in sheep, to compare them with other species and to identify possible differences in the sheep immune response. Samples from bronchial lymph nodes from twelve Mbovis-naturally infected sheep were used. Four immunohistochemical protocols for the specific detection of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages were performed to study the local immune reaction within the granulomas. Results Differences were observed in the predominant cell type present in each type of granuloma, as well as differences and similarities with the development of tuberculous granulomas in other species. Very low numbers of T-lymphocytes were observed in all granuloma types indicating that specific cellular immune response mediated by T-cells might not be of much importance in sheep in the early stages of infection, when macrophages are the predominant cell type within lesions. Plasma cells and mainly B lymphocytes increased considerably as the granuloma developed being attracted to the lesions in a shift towards a Th2 response against the increasing amounts of mycobacteria. Therefore, we have proposed that the granulomas could be defined as initial, developed and terminal. Conclusions Results showed that the study of the lymphoid tissue granulomata reinforces the view that the three different types of granuloma represent stages of lesion progression and suggest an explanation to the higher resistance of sheep based on a higher effective innate immune response to control tuberculosis infection.
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Bouté M, Carreras F, Rossignol C, Doz E, Winter N, Epardaud M. The C3HeB/FeJ mouse model recapitulates the hallmark of bovine tuberculosis lung lesions following Mycobacterium bovis aerogenous infection. Vet Res 2017; 48:73. [PMID: 29116026 PMCID: PMC5678586 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving the control of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) would require the discovery of an efficient combined immunodiagnostic and vaccine strategy. Since in vivo experiments on cattle are not ethically and economically acceptable there is a need for a cost-effective animal model capable of reproducing, as closely as possible, the physiopathology of bTB to (i) better characterize the cellular and molecular features of bTB immunopathogenesis and (ii) screen preclinical vaccine candidates. To develop such a model, we focused on the C3HeB/FeJ Kramnik’s mouse forming hypoxic, encapsulated granulomas with a caseous necrotic center following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Our work represents the first investigation on C3HeB/FeJ interaction with M. bovis, the main agent of bTB. Detailed histopathological analysis of C3HeB/FeJ lung lesions development following aerogenous M. bovis infection unraveled a bimodal evolution of the pathology. The C3HeB/FeJ recapitulated all the hallmarks of classical bovine lung granulomas but also developed, to some extend, lethal necrotic large lesions characterized by high mycobacterial and neutrophil load, and an inefficient collagen-driven lesion encapsulation. Interestingly these rapidly invasive pneumonia lesions, occurring in a constant percentage of the mice, shared all features with some exacerbated lung lesions that we and others have observed in lungs of cattle naturally or experimentally infected with M. bovis. Together, our findings demonstrate the relevance of the C3HeB/FeJ mouse as a comprehensive model to study bTB immunopathology that could be used for further vaccine therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélodie Bouté
- INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France.,U1019, UMR8204, Université Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Florence Carreras
- INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Rossignol
- INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Emilie Doz
- INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Nathalie Winter
- INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Mathieu Epardaud
- INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France.
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García-Jiménez W, Salguero F, Fernández-Llario P, Martínez R, Risco D, Gough J, Ortiz-Peláez A, Hermoso-de-Mendoza J, Gómez L. Immunopathology of granulomas produced by Mycobacterium bovis in naturally infected wild boar. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 156:54-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vidaña B, Majó N, Pérez M, Montoya M, Martorell J, Martínez J. Immune System Cells in Healthy Ferrets. Vet Pathol 2013; 51:775-86. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985813502815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ferret has emerged as an excellent animal model to characterize several physiologic and pathologic conditions. The distribution and characterization of different types of immune system cells were studied in healthy ferret tissues. Eight primary antibodies were tested for immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed tissues: anti-CD3, anti-CD79α, anti-CD20, anti-HLA-DR, anti-lysozyme, anti-CD163, anti-SWC3, and anti-Mac387. The anti-CD3 antibody labeled T cells mainly in interfollicular and paracortical areas of lymph nodes, cortex and thymic medulla, and periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths in the spleen. The anti-CD79α and anti-CD20 antibodies immunolabeled B cells located in lymphoid follicles at lymph nodes, spleen, and Peyer patches. The CD79α and CD20 antibodies also labeled cells with nonlymphoid morphology in atypical B-cell locations. The anti-HLA-DR antibody labeled macrophages, some populations of B and T lymphocytes, and different populations of dendritic cells in lymph nodes, Peyer patches, spleen, and thymus. The anti-lysozyme antibody immunolabeled macrophages in the liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. The Mac-387, CD163, and SWC3 antibodies did not show any positive reaction in formalin-fixed or frozen tissues. To elucidate the origin of the uncommon CD79α/CD20 positive cells, a double immunohistochemistry was carried out using the anti-HLA-DR + the anti-CD79α, the anti-HLA-DR + the anti-CD20, and the anti-lysozyme + the anti-CD79α antibodies. Double labeling was mainly observed when the anti-HLA-DR + the anti-CD79α antibodies were combined. The immunohistologic characterization and distribution of these immune system cells in healthy ferret tissues should be of value in future comparative studies of diseases in ferrets.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Vidaña
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Spain
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Spain
| | - N. Majó
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Spain
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Spain
| | - M. Pérez
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Spain
| | - M. Montoya
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaria (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Martorell
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Spain
| | - J. Martínez
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Spain
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Beytut E. Immunohistochemical evaluation of surfactant proteins and lymphocyte phenotypes in the lungs of cattle with natural tuberculosis. Res Vet Sci 2010; 91:119-124. [PMID: 20800246 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of pulmonary surfactant proteins (SP-A, SP-B, SP-C) and lymphocytic phenotypes in the lungs of 12 cattle with natural tuberculosis. Grossly, the disease-affected cattle revealed numerous granulomas in the lung lobes. Histopathological examination found multiple lung granulomas with typical cellular elements. Type II pneumocytes with adenomatous proliferation around the granulomas were strongly immunopositive for SP-A and SP-B compared to normal type II cells. Clara cells showed also cytoplasmic immunopositivity for these surfactant proteins. Positive immunolabelling for proSP-C was detected exclusively in the normal and proliferative type II pneumocytes, and the reaction was marked in the perinuclear area of the cells. CD3(+) T and CD79αcy(+) B lymphocytes were predominantly localized in the fibrotic capsule margin of advanced granulomas, in greater numbers than in the early granulomas. In conclusion, the study found that type II pneumocytes proliferated highly and surrounded the tuberculous granulomas in the lungs, that hyperplastic type II pneumocytes synthesized and secreted larger amounts of surfactant proteins than the normal type II cells, and that SP-A might have played an important role in host defence against the mycobacterial agents. Additionally, the presence of high numbers of CD3(+) T cells throughout the granulomas confirmed the dominance of a cellular immune response in cattle tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enver Beytut
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kafkas, Kars, Turkey.
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12
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Fernandez-de-Mera IG, Vicente J, Naranjo V, Fierro Y, Garde JJ, de la Fuente J, Gortazar C. Impact of major histocompatibility complex class II polymorphisms on Iberian red deer parasitism and life history traits. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2009; 9:1232-9. [PMID: 19664721 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Host genetic diversity plays an important role in buffering populations against pathogens. We characterized the allelic diversity at the second exon of the b (DRB-2) chain of the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) locus in a population of Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) and its impact on parasitism by macroparasites, on a microparasite causing tuberculosis, and on relevant life history traits (spleen size and body condition). No DRB-2 haplotype conferred general resistance or susceptibility against all parasites. However, specific significant correlations were found between some DRB-2 haplotypes and specific parasites. We also detected associations between DRB-2 haplotypes and body condition and spleen size after controlling for body size, sex and age. Our results evidenced a functional significance of MHC-II genes in the defence of Iberian red deer against parasites. These results also support a role of MHC-II as a fitness-enhancing genetic element which can be mediated by parasite effects on life traits with a genetic basis. We conclude that MHC immunogenetic studies may assess management decisions in Iberian red deer because (i) loss of genetic diversity may lead to increased disease occurrence, and (ii) MHC genes are ecologically relevant since they underlie host infection rates and life history traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel G Fernandez-de-Mera
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo, s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Wangoo A, Johnson L, Gough J, Ackbar R, Inglut S, Hicks D, Spencer Y, Hewinson G, Vordermeier M. Advanced Granulomatous Lesions in Mycobacterium bovis-infected Cattle are Associated with Increased Expression of Type I Procollagen, γδ (WC1+) T Cells and CD 68+ Cells. J Comp Pathol 2005; 133:223-34. [PMID: 16154140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2005.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2004] [Accepted: 05/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The pathognomonic characteristic of tuberculosis (TB) is the formation of a tuberculous granuloma. The objective of this study was to classify lymph node granulomas from experimentally infected calves into different histopathological stages and characterize them further by studying cell types and markers of fibrosis associated with each of the stages. Four stages of granuloma were identified and mRNA and protein expression for cell markers, cytokines and pro-fibrotic markers were studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in-situ hybridization (ISH). In advanced stage granulomas, there was an increase in the expression of TGF-beta, and of type I procollagen as demonstrated by IHC and ISH. As the granulomas advanced, there were fewer CD3+T cells and they tended to be more prominent towards the periphery of the lesions, with a steady increase in the number of CD68+ cells and gammadelta (WC1+) T cells. Granuloma classification and application of cell cytokine markers will assist in improving understanding of the pathogenesis of bovine TB and may help to identify the immunopathology of active disease versus contained or inactive disease. Such disease correlates may help to inform the development of improved diagnostic methods and support vaccine development programmes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- CD3 Complex/biosynthesis
- CD3 Complex/genetics
- CD79 Antigens/biosynthesis
- CD79 Antigens/genetics
- Cattle
- Cattle Diseases/genetics
- Cattle Diseases/immunology
- Cattle Diseases/metabolism
- Cattle Diseases/pathology
- Collagen Type I/biosynthesis
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Granuloma/genetics
- Granuloma/immunology
- Granuloma/pathology
- Granuloma/veterinary
- Lymphocyte Count
- Macrophages/immunology
- Male
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Tuberculosis, Bovine/genetics
- Tuberculosis, Bovine/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Bovine/metabolism
- Tuberculosis, Bovine/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wangoo
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
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