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Bae WC, Statum S, Masuda K, Chung CB. T1rho MR properties of human patellar cartilage: correlation with indentation stiffness and biochemical contents. Skeletal Radiol 2024; 53:649-656. [PMID: 37740079 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cartilage degeneration involves structural, compositional, and biomechanical alterations that may be detected non-invasively using quantitative MRI. The goal of this study was to determine if topographical variation in T1rho values correlates with indentation stiffness and biochemical contents of human patellar cartilage. DESIGN Cadaveric patellae from unilateral knees of 5 donors with moderate degeneration were imaged at 3-Telsa with spiral chopped magnetization preparation T1rho sequence. Indentation testing was performed, followed by biochemical analyses to determine water and sulfated glycosaminoglycan contents. T1rho values were compared to indentation stiffness, using semi-circular regions of interest (ROIs) of varying sizes at each indentation site. ROIs matching the resected tissues were analyzed, and univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to compare T1rho values to biochemical contents. RESULTS Grossly, superficial degenerative change of the cartilage (i.e., roughened texture and erosion) corresponded with regions of high T1rho values. High T1rho values correlated with low indentation stiffness, and the strength of correlation varied slightly with the ROI size. Spatial variations in T1rho values correlated positively with that of the water content (R2 = 0.10, p < 0.05) and negatively with the variations in the GAG content (R2 = 0.13, p < 0.01). Multivariate correlation (R2 = 0.23, p < 0.01) was stronger than either of the univariate correlations. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the sensitivity of T1rho values to spatially varying function and composition of cartilage and that the strength of correlation depends on the method of data analysis and consideration of multiple variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won C Bae
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0997, USA.
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive MC-114, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
| | - Sheronda Statum
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0997, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive MC-114, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Koichi Masuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0863, USA
| | - Christine B Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0997, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive MC-114, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
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Zbýň Š, Ludwig KD, Watkins LE, Lagore RL, Nowacki A, Tóth F, Tompkins MA, Zhang L, Adriany G, Gold GE, Shea KG, Nagel AM, Carlson CS, Metzger GJ, Ellermann JM. Changes in tissue sodium concentration and sodium relaxation times during the maturation of human knee cartilage: Ex vivo 23 Na MRI study at 10.5 T. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1099-1114. [PMID: 37997011 PMCID: PMC10751033 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the influence of skeletal maturation on sodium (23 Na) MRI relaxation parameters and the accuracy of tissue sodium concentration (TSC) quantification in human knee cartilage. METHODS Twelve pediatric knee specimens were imaged with whole-body 10.5 T MRI using a density-adapted 3D radial projection sequence to evaluate 23 Na parameters: B1 + , T1 , biexponentialT 2 * $$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ , and TSC. Water, collagen, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content were calculated from osteochondral biopsies. The TSC was corrected for B1 + , relaxation, and water content. The literature-based TSC (TSCLB ) used previously published values for corrections, whereas the specimen-specific TSC (TSCSP ) used measurements from individual specimens. 23 Na parameters were evaluated in eight cartilage compartments segmented on proton images. Associations between 23 Na parameters, TSCLB - TSCSP difference, biochemical content, and age were determined. RESULTS From birth to 12 years, cartilage water content decreased by 18%; collagen increased by 59%; and sGAG decreased by 36% (all R2 ≥ 0.557). The shortT 2 * $$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ (T 2 * S $$ {{\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast}}_{\mathrm{S}} $$ ) decreased by 72%, and the signal fraction relaxing withT 2 * S $$ {{\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast}}_{\mathrm{S}} $$ (fT 2 * S $$ {{\mathrm{fT}}_2^{\ast}}_{\mathrm{S}} $$ ) increased by 55% during the first 5 years but remained relatively stable after that. TSCSP was significantly correlated with sGAG content from biopsies (R2 = 0.739). Depending on age, TSCLB showed higher or lower values than TSCSP . The TSCLB - TSCSP difference was significantly correlated withT 2 * S $$ {{\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast}}_{\mathrm{S}} $$ (R2 = 0.850),fT 2 * S $$ {{\mathrm{fT}}_2^{\ast}}_{\mathrm{S}} $$ (R2 = 0.651), and water content (R2 = 0.738). CONCLUSION TSC and relaxation parameters measured with 23 Na MRI provide noninvasive information about changes in sGAG content and collagen matrix during cartilage maturation. Cartilage TSC quantification assuming fixed relaxation may be feasible in children older than 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štefan Zbýň
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Kai D. Ludwig
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Lauren E. Watkins
- Department of Radiology, Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO
| | - Russell L. Lagore
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Amanda Nowacki
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- University of Texas, Austin, TX
| | - Ferenc Tóth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Marc A. Tompkins
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Lin Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Gregor Adriany
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Garry E. Gold
- Department of Radiology, Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Kevin G. Shea
- Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Armin M. Nagel
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cathy S. Carlson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Gregory J. Metzger
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jutta M. Ellermann
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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3
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Mahendrakar P, Kumar D, Patil U. Comprehensive Study on Scoring and Grading Systems for Predicting the Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2024; 20:133-156. [PMID: 37828677 DOI: 10.2174/0115733971253574231002074759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative joint ailment characterized by cartilage loss, which can be seen using imaging modalities and converted into imaging features. The older population is the most affected by knee OA, which affects 16% of people worldwide who are 15 years of age and older. Due to cartilage tissue degradation, primary knee OA develops in older people. In contrast, joint overuse or trauma in younger people can cause secondary knee OA. Early identification of knee OA, according to research, may be a successful management tactic for the condition. Scoring scales and grading systems are important tools for the management of knee osteoarthritis as they allow clinicians to measure the progression of the disease's severity and provide suggestions on suitable treatment at identified stages. The comprehensive study reviews various subjective and objective knee evaluation scoring systems that effectively score and grade the KOA based on where defects or changes in articular cartilage occur. Recent studies reveal that AI-based approaches, such as that of DenseNet, integrating the concept of deep learning for scoring and grading the KOA, outperform various state-of-the-art methods in order to predict the KOA at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Mahendrakar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, B.L.D.E.A's V.P.Dr.P.G. Halakatti College of Engineering and Technology, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Scientific Collaborations for Developing Markets United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai, China
| | - Uttam Patil
- Jain College of Engineering, T.S Nagar, Hunchanhatti Road, Machhe, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Comparison of meniscal T1rho- and T2*-relaxation times in professional female volleyball players and healthy controls using 3T MRI: A pilot study. Eur J Radiol 2022; 155:110503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Emanuel KS, Kellner LJ, Peters MJM, Haartmans MJJ, Hooijmans MT, Emans PJ. The relation between the biochemical composition of knee articular cartilage and quantitative MRI: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:650-662. [PMID: 34826570 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early and non-invasive detection of osteoarthritis (OA) is required to enable early treatment and monitoring of interventions. Some of the earliest signs of OA are the change in proteoglycan and collagen composition. The aim of this study is to establish the relations between quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biochemical concentration and organization in knee articular cartilage. METHODS A preregistered systematic literature review was performed using the databases PubMed and Embase. Papers were included if quantitative MRI and a biochemical assay or polarized light microscopy (PLM) was performed on knee articular cartilage, and a quantified correlation was described. The extracted correlations were pooled using a random effects model. RESULTS 21 papers were identified. The strongest pooled correlation was found for delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) vs proteoglycan concentration (r = 0.59). T1ρ relaxation times are inversely correlated to proteoglycan concentration (r = -0.54). A weak correlation between T2 relaxation times and proteoglycans was found (r = -0.38). No correlation between T2 relaxation time and collagen concentration was found (r = -0.02). A heterogeneous set of correlations between T2 relaxation times and PLM were identified, including strong correlations to anisotropy. CONCLUSION DGEMRIC measures are significantly correlated to proteoglycan concentration. The needed contrast agent is however a disadvantage; the T1ρ sequence was found as a non-invasive alternative. Remarkably, no correlation was found between T2 relaxation times and collagen concentration. T2 relaxation times is related to organization, rather than concentration of collagen fibers. PROSPERO ID CRD42020168337.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Emanuel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - L J Kellner
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - M J M Peters
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - M J J Haartmans
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - M T Hooijmans
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - P J Emans
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Jena A, Taneja S, Rana P, Goyal N, Vaish A, Botchu R, Vaishya R. Emerging role of integrated PET-MRI in osteoarthritis. Skeletal Radiol 2021; 50:2349-2363. [PMID: 34185124 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disorder of the articular cartilage, which is associated with hypertrophic changes in the bone, synovial inflammation, subchondral sclerosis, and joint space narrowing (JSN). Radiography remains the first line of imaging till now. Due to the lack of soft-tissue depiction in radiography, researchers are exploring various imaging techniques to detect OA at an early stage and understand its pathophysiology to restrict its progression and discover disease-modifying agents in OA. As the OA relates to the degradation of articular cartilage and remodeling of the underlying bone, an optimal imaging tool must be sensitive to the bone and soft tissue health. In that line, many non-invasive imaging and minimally invasive techniques have been explored. Out of these, the non-invasive compositional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluation of the integrity of articular cartilage and positron emission tomography (PET) scan with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and more specific bone-seeking tracer like sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) for bone cartilage interface are some of the leading areas of ongoing work. Integrated PET-MRI system, a new hybrid modality that combines the virtues of the above two individual modalities, allows detailed imaging of the entire joint, including soft tissue cartilage and bone, and holds great potential to research complex disease processes of OA. This narrative review attempts to signify individual characteristics of MRI, PET, the fusion of these characteristics in PET-MRI, and the ongoing research on PET-MRI as a potential tool to understand the pathophysiology of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarnath Jena
- PET SUITE (Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals and House of Diagnostics), Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, Delhi-Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110076, India
| | - Sangeeta Taneja
- PET SUITE (Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals and House of Diagnostics), Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, Delhi-Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110076, India
| | - Prerana Rana
- PET SUITE (Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals and House of Diagnostics), Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, Delhi-Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110076, India.,Apollo Hospitals Education & Research Foundation, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, Delhi-Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110076, India
| | - Nidhi Goyal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, Delhi-Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110076, India
| | - Abhishek Vaish
- Department of Orthopaedics and Joint Replacement Surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, Delhi-Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110076, India
| | - Rajesh Botchu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Raju Vaishya
- Department of Orthopaedics and Joint Replacement Surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, Delhi-Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110076, India
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Cheng KY, Lombardi AF, Chang EY, Chung CB. Knee Cartilage Imaging. Clin Sports Med 2021; 40:677-692. [PMID: 34509205 DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage injury and degeneration represent common causes of knee pain, which can be evaluated accurately and noninvasively using MRI. This review describes the structure of cartilage focusing on its histologic appearance to emphasize that structure will dictate patterns of tissue failure as well as MR appearance. In addition to identifying cartilage loss, MRI can demonstrate signal changes that correspond to intrinsic structural abnormalities which place the cartilage at risk for subsequent more serious injury or premature degeneration, allowing for earlier intervention and treatment of important causes of pain and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Y Cheng
- Department of Radiology, UC San Diego Health, 200 W. Arbor Drive MC 8226, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - Alecio F Lombardi
- Department of Radiology, UC San Diego Health, 200 W. Arbor Drive MC 8226, San Diego, CA 92103, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, Radiology Service, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, MC 114, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, UC San Diego Health, 200 W. Arbor Drive MC 8226, San Diego, CA 92103, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, Radiology Service, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, MC 114, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Christine B Chung
- Department of Radiology, UC San Diego Health, 200 W. Arbor Drive MC 8226, San Diego, CA 92103, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, Radiology Service, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, MC 114, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
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8
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Wilczynski E. Editorial for "MRI measures of murine liver fibrosis". J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:750. [PMID: 34075645 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ella Wilczynski
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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9
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Xue YP, Ma YJ, Wu M, Jerban S, Wei Z, Chang EY, Du J. Quantitative 3D Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetization Transfer Imaging for Evaluation of Knee Cartilage Degeneration In Vivo. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:1294-1302. [PMID: 33894091 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that macromolecular fraction (MMF) derived from three-dimensional ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer (UTE-MT) imaging is insensitive to the magic angle effect. However, its clinical use in osteoarthritis (OA) remains to be investigated. PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of 3D UTE-MT-derived MMF in differentiating normal from degenerated cartilage. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Sixty-two participants (54.8 ± 16.7 years, 30 females) with and without OA, plus two healthy volunteers (mean age 35.0 years) for reproducibility test. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3 T/UTE-MT sequence. ASSESSMENT A 3D UTE-MT sequence was employed to calculate MMF based on a two-pool model. Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade and Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) were evaluated by three experienced musculoskeletal radiologists. KL grade was condensed into three groups: KL0, KL1-2, and KL3-4. WORMS was regrouped based on extent of lesion (extent group) and depth of lesion (depth group), respectively. The performance of MMF at evaluating the degeneration of cartilage was assessed via Spearman's correlation coefficient and the area under the curve (AUC) calculated according to the receiver-operating characteristic curve. STATISTICAL TESTS After normality check, one-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the performance. Tukey-Kramer test was performed for post hoc testing. RESULTS MMF showed significant negative correlations with KL grade (r = -0.53, P < 0.05) and WORMS (r = -0.49, P < 0.05). Significantly lower MMFs were found in subjects with greater KL grade (11.8 ± 0.8% for KL0; 10.9 ± 0.9% for KL1-2; 10.6 ± 1.1% for KL3-4; P < 0.05) and in cartilage with greater extent (12.1 ± 1.6% for normal cartilage; 10.9 ± 1.6% for regional lesions; 9.6 ± 1.7% for diffuse lesions; P < 0.05) and depth (12.1 ± 1.6% for normal cartilage; 10.6 ± 1.6% for partial-thickness lesions; 8.8 ± 1.7% for full-thickness lesions; P < 0.05) of lesions. AUC values of MMF for doubtful-minimal OA (KL1-2) and mild cartilage degradation (WORMS1-2) were 0.8 and 0.7, respectively. DATA CONCLUSION This study highlights the clinical potential of MMF in the detection of early OA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Xue
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ya-Jun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mei Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zhao Wei
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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10
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Assessment of Low-Grade Focal Cartilage Lesions in the Knee With Sodium MRI at 7 T: Reproducibility and Short-Term, 6-Month Follow-up Data. Invest Radiol 2021; 55:430-437. [PMID: 32011573 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several articles have investigated potential of sodium (Na) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the in vivo evaluation of cartilage health, but so far no study tested its feasibility for the evaluation of focal cartilage lesions of grade 1 or 2 as defined by the International Cartilage Repair Society. The aims of this study were to evaluate the ability of Na-MRI to differentiate between early focal lesions and normal-appearing cartilage, to evaluate within-subject reproducibility of Na-MRI, and to monitor longitudinal changes in participants with low-grade, focal chondral lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen participants (mean age, 50.1 ± 10.9 years; 7 women, 6 men) with low-grade, focal cartilage lesions in the weight-bearing region of femoral cartilage were included in this prospective cohort study. Participants were assessed at baseline, 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months using morphological MRI at 3 T and 7 T, compositional Na-MRI at 7 T, and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire. Na signal intensities corrected for coil sensitivity and partial volume effect (Na-cSI) were calculated in the lesion, and in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing regions of healthy femoral cartilage. Coefficients of variation, repeated measures analysis of covariance models, and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate within-subject reproducibility as well as cross-sectional and longitudinal changes in Na-cSI values. RESULTS The mean coefficients of variation of Na-cSI values between the baseline and 1-week follow-up were 5.1% or less in all cartilage regions. Significantly lower Na-cSI values were observed in lesion than in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing regions at all time points (all P values ≤ 0.002). Although a significant decrease from baseline Na-cSI values in lesion was found at 3-month visit (P = 0.015), no substantial change was observed at 6 months. KOOS scores have improved in all subscales at 3 months and 6 months visit, with a significant increase observed only in the quality of life subscale (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS In vivo Na-MRI is a robust and reproducible method that allows to differentiate between low-grade, focal cartilage lesions and normal-appearing articular cartilage, which supports the concept that compositional cartilage changes can be found early, before the development of advanced morphological changes visible at clinical 3-T MRI.
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11
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Lindquist DM, Fugate EM, Wang J, Sharma A, Gandhi CR, Dillman JR. MRI Measures of Murine Liver Fibrosis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:739-749. [PMID: 33738856 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An imaging method that allows quantitative fibrosis estimates is needed to facilitate the diagnosis of chronic liver disease. Amide proton transfer (APT) and tissue sodium concentration (TSC) estimates could meet this need. HYPOTHESIS APT and TSC estimates correlate with fibrosis in a mouse model of chronic liver disease. STUDY TYPE Prospective. PHANTOMS/ANIMAL MODEL Male C57Bl/6 mice given CCl4 or vehicle (N = 8 each) twice weekly for 16 weeks. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Liver T1 (Look-Locker gradient recalled echo [GRE] sequence), T2 (multiecho spin echo sequence), T1rho (fast spin echo sequence with 500 Hz spin locking pulse), and APT (GRE sequence with off-resonance pulses) data were acquired at 7 T at 12 and 16 weeks. Liver sodium data (multiple echo GRE sequence) were acquired at 12 weeks at 9.4 T. ASSESSMENT Liver proton T1 , T2 , T1rho , APT, sodium T2 *, and TSC were calculated. Histological measures included Sirius Red, hematoxylin and eosin, liver hydroxyproline content, and serum alanine transaminase (ALT). STATISTICAL TESTS Welch's two-sided t-test was used to test for differences between control and CCl4 -treated groups for serum ALT, hydroxyproline, Sirius Red staining, T1 , T2 , T1rho , APT, TSC, and sodium T2 *. Pearson's correlations between liver T1 , APT, TSC, or sodium T2 * with Sirius Red staining and hydroxyproline levels were calculated. RESULTS APT was significantly different (P < 0.05) between groups in the left liver lobe at 16 weeks (CCl4 : 8.0% ± 1.2%, controls: 6.2% ± 1.0%), as were average liver TSC at 12 weeks (CCl4 : 38 mM ± 5 mM, controls: 27 mM ± 2 mM), and average sodium liver T2 * at 12 weeks (CCl4 : 10 msec ± 1.0 msec, controls: 12 msec ± 1.9 msec). APT, TSC, and sodium T2 * correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with Sirius Red staining and hydroxyproline levels. DATA CONCLUSION Liver TSC and APT significantly correlated with histopathologic markers of fibrosis in this mouse model. EVIDENCE LEVEL 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Lindquist
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Fugate
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Akanksha Sharma
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar R Gandhi
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan R Dillman
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteoarthritis is a major source of disability, pain and socioeconomic cost worldwide. The epidemiology of the disorder is multifactorial including genetic, biological and biomechanical components, some of them detectable by MRI. This review provides the most recent update on MRI biomarkers which can provide functional information of the joint structures for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response monitoring in osteoarthritis trials. RECENT FINDINGS Compositional or functional MRI can provide clinicians with valuable information on glycosaminoglycan content (chemical exchange saturation transfer, sodium MRI, T1ρ) and collagen organization (T2, T2, apparent diffusion coefficient, magnetization transfer) in joint structures. Other parameters may also provide useful information, such as volumetric measurements of joint structures or advanced image data postprocessing and analysis. Automated tools seem to have a great potential to be included in these efforts providing standardization and acceleration of the image data analysis process. SUMMARY Functional or compositional MRI has great potential to provide noninvasive imaging biomarkers for osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis as a whole joint condition needs to be diagnosed in early stages to facilitate selection of patients into clinical trials and/or to measure treatment effectiveness. Advanced evaluation including machine learning, neural networks and multidimensional data analysis allow for wall-to-wall understanding of parameter interactions and their role in clinical evaluation of osteoarthritis.
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Müller-Lutz A, Kamp B, Nagel AM, Ljimani A, Abrar D, Schleich C, Wollschläger L, Nebelung S, Wittsack HJ. Sodium MRI of human articular cartilage of the wrist: a feasibility study on a clinical 3T MRI scanner. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 34:241-248. [PMID: 32500389 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-020-00856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure sodium relaxation times and concentrations in human wrists on a clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner with a density-adapted radial sequence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sodium MRI of human wrists was conducted on a 3T MR system using a dual-tuned 1H/23Na surface coil. We performed two studies with 10 volunteers each investigating either sodium T1 (study 1) or sodium T2* (study 2) relaxation times in the radiocarpal joint (RCJ) and midcarpal joint (MCJ). Sodium concentrations of both regions were determined. RESULTS No differences for transversal of longitudinal relaxation times were found between RCJ and MCJ (T2,s*(RCJ) = (0.9 ± 0.4) ms; T2,s*(MCJ) = (0.9 ± 0.3) ms; T2,l*(RCJ) = (14.9 ± 0.9) ms; T2,l*(MCJ) = (13.9 ± 1.1) ms; T1(RCJ) = (19.0 ± 2.4) ms; T1(MCJ) = (18.5 ± 2.1) ms). Sodium concentrations were (157.7 ± 28.4) mmol/l for study 1 and (159.8 ± 29.1) mmol/l for study 2 in the RCJ, and (172.7 ± 35.6) mmol/l for study 1 and (163.4 ± 26.3) mmol/l for study 2 in the MCJ. CONCLUSION We successfully determined sodium relaxation times and concentrations of the human wrist on a 3T MRI scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Müller-Lutz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Kamp
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Ljimani
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Abrar
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Schleich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lena Wollschläger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Dusseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven Nebelung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Wittsack
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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14
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Gianakos AL, Haring RS, Shimozono Y, Fragomen A, Kennedy JG. Effect of Microfracture on Functional Outcomes and Subchondral Sclerosis Following Distraction Arthroplasty of the Ankle Joint. Foot Ankle Int 2020; 41:631-638. [PMID: 32354229 DOI: 10.1177/1071100720917144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) of the ankle remains challenging. Distraction arthroplasty (DA) is an alternative for patients who are averse to or poor candidates for arthrodesis or joint replacement. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of microfracture (MFX) and concentrated bone marrow aspirate (CBMA) on the outcome of patients undergoing DA for end-stage PTOA of the ankle joint. METHODS Ninety-five patients who underwent DA for the treatment of end stage PTOA from 2009 to 2014 were selected from the hospital ankle registry. Demographic data, functional activity levels, complications, and radiographs taken at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months postoperatively were reviewed. Foot and Ankle Outcome Scores (FAOS) were obtained at the same time intervals. A total of 78 patients were included in this study. Interventions were divided into 4 groups for comparison: DA+MFX (n = 8), DA+MFX+CBMA (n = 35), DA+CBMA (n = 22), and DA alone (n = 13). RESULTS Patients undergoing DA+MFX or DA+MFX+CBMA had significantly worse motion (P = .003) when compared with DA alone. Patients undergoing MFX had significantly reduced postoperative joint space and a greater length of time to return to activity when compared to subgroups not using MFX (P = .01). The use of MFX was associated with significantly lower FAOS scores. CONCLUSION The current study showed no benefit from MFX when combined with DA in the treatment of PTOA. CBMA may have helped mitigate the adverse effect of MFX but conferred no benefit when used with DA alone. DA remains a useful alternative to ankle arthrodesis and arthroplasty in patients with PTOA. However, MFX and biologic augmentation using CBMA appeared to have no additional benefit. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna L Gianakos
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Barnabas Health-Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City, NJ, USA
| | - R Sterling Haring
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yoshiharu Shimozono
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Austin Fragomen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - John G Kennedy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Kordzadeh A, Duchscherer J, Beaulieu C, Stobbe R. Radiofrequency excitation–related
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Na MRI signal loss in skeletal muscle, cartilage, and skin. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:1992-2001. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Kordzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Jade Duchscherer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Christian Beaulieu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Rob Stobbe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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16
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Trattnig S, Raudner M, Schreiner M, Roemer F, Bohndorf K. [Biochemical cartilage imaging-update 2019]. Radiologe 2019; 59:742-749. [PMID: 31187160 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-019-0558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilage imaging using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used for early detection of cartilage damage. Biochemical MR methods to assess cartilage damage are essential for optimal treatment planning. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to provide an update on advanced cartilage imaging based on biochemical MR techniques. The clinical applications and additional benefits compared to conventional MRI are presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search of PubMed regarding the clinical applications of various biochemical MR methods and morphological MR imaging was performed. RESULTS While T2 mapping can be easily implemented on clinical routine MR scanners, the T1rho method is technically more demanding and is not available on all MR scanners. dGEMRIC, which can be performed with all field strengths, is now severely restricted due to the recent decision of the European Medical Agency (EMA) to withdraw linear gadolinium contrast agents from the market because of proven gadolinium deposition in the brain. Sodium imaging is the most sensitive MRI method for glycosaminoglycan (GAG), but is limited to 7 T. In addition to early diagnosis of cartilage degeneration before morphological changes are visible, biochemical MRI offers predictive markers, e.g., effect of lifestyle changes or assessing results of cartilage repair surgery. CONCLUSION Cartilage imaging based on biochemical MRI allows a shift from qualitative to quantitative MRI. Biochemical MRI plays an increasingly important role in the early diagnosis of cartilage degeneration for monitoring of disease-modifying drugs and as predictive imaging biomarker in clinical diagnostics. In cartilage repair, monitoring of the efficacy of different cartilage repair surgery techniques to develop hyaline-like cartilage can be performed with biochemical MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Trattnig
- Exzellenzzentrum für Hochfeld MR, Universitätsklinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Medizinische Universität Wien, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090, Wien, Österreich.
| | - M Raudner
- Exzellenzzentrum für Hochfeld MR, Universitätsklinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Medizinische Universität Wien, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - M Schreiner
- Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich
| | - F Roemer
- Radiologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 3, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - K Bohndorf
- Exzellenzzentrum für Hochfeld MR, Universitätsklinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Medizinische Universität Wien, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090, Wien, Österreich
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17
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Ladd ME, Bachert P, Meyerspeer M, Moser E, Nagel AM, Norris DG, Schmitter S, Speck O, Straub S, Zaiss M. Pros and cons of ultra-high-field MRI/MRS for human application. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 109:1-50. [PMID: 30527132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopic techniques are widely used in humans both for clinical diagnostic applications and in basic research areas such as cognitive neuroimaging. In recent years, new human MR systems have become available operating at static magnetic fields of 7 T or higher (≥300 MHz proton frequency). Imaging human-sized objects at such high frequencies presents several challenges including non-uniform radiofrequency fields, enhanced susceptibility artifacts, and higher radiofrequency energy deposition in the tissue. On the other side of the scale are gains in signal-to-noise or contrast-to-noise ratio that allow finer structures to be visualized and smaller physiological effects to be detected. This review presents an overview of some of the latest methodological developments in human ultra-high field MRI/MRS as well as associated clinical and scientific applications. Emphasis is given to techniques that particularly benefit from the changing physical characteristics at high magnetic fields, including susceptibility-weighted imaging and phase-contrast techniques, imaging with X-nuclei, MR spectroscopy, CEST imaging, as well as functional MRI. In addition, more general methodological developments such as parallel transmission and motion correction will be discussed that are required to leverage the full potential of higher magnetic fields, and an overview of relevant physiological considerations of human high magnetic field exposure is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Ladd
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Peter Bachert
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Meyerspeer
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ewald Moser
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - David G Norris
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Schmitter
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany.
| | - Oliver Speck
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Sina Straub
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
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18
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Georgi J, Metere R, Jäger C, Morawski M, Möller HE. Influence of the extracellular matrix on water mobility in subcortical gray matter. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:1265-1279. [PMID: 30276849 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Water mobility in tissues is related to the microstructure that modulates diffusion and spin relaxation. Previous work has shown that the extracellular matrix (ECM) impacts water diffusion in cartilage. To investigate if similar contributions to image contrast exist for brain, which is characterized by a substantially lower ECM content, diffusion and relaxation were studied in fixed samples from goat and human thalamus before and after enzymatic digestion of ECM compounds. Selected experiments in human corpus callosum were included for comparing subcortical gray matter and white matter. METHODS Digestion of matrix components was achieved by treatment with hyaluronidase. Nonlocalized pulsed field gradient measurements were performed with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:math> values between 0.6 and 18,000 s/mm2 at 3T and temperatures between 0°C and 20°C, in addition to T1 and T2 relaxation measurements. The data were fitted to multiexponential models to account for different water compartments. After the measurements, the samples were sliced and stained for ECM-sensitive markers to verify efficient digestion. RESULTS Microstructural alterations associated with hyaluronan digestion did not lead to measurable effects on water diffusion or <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:math> . However, T1 of the main relaxographic component, attributed to intra-/extracellular water, decreased by 7%. CONCLUSION Investigations with very strong gradients did not reveal a detectable effect on water diffusion or <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub> </mml:math> after hyaluronan removal, indicating that the brain ECM content is too low to produce a detectable effect. The subtle alteration of T1 upon hyaluronidase treatment might reflect a modulation of intercompartmental water exchange properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Georgi
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Riccardo Metere
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Jäger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Morawski
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Harald E Möller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Harrison R, Lugo Leija HA, Strohbuecker S, Crutchley J, Marsh S, Denning C, El Haj A, Sottile V. Development and validation of broad-spectrum magnetic particle labelling processes for cell therapy manufacturing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:248. [PMID: 30257709 PMCID: PMC6158868 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cells are increasingly seen as a solution for many health challenges for an ageing population. However, their potential benefits in the clinic are currently curtailed by technical challenges such as high cell dose requirements and point of care delivery, which pose sourcing and logistics challenges. Cell manufacturing solutions are currently in development to address the supply issue, and ancillary technologies such as nanoparticle-based labelling are being developed to improve stem cell delivery and enable post-treatment follow-up. Methods The application of magnetic particle (MP) labelling to potentially scalable cell manufacturing processes was investigated in a range of therapeutically relevant cells, including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), cardiomyocytes (CMC) and neural progenitor cells (ReN). The efficiency and the biological effect of particle labelling were analysed using fluorescent imaging and cellular assays. Results Flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy confirmed efficient labelling of monolayer cultures. Viability was shown to be retained post labelling for all three cell types. MSC and CMC demonstrated higher tolerance to MP doses up to 100× the standard concentration. This approach was also successful for MP labelling of suspension cultures, demonstrating efficient MP uptake within 3 h, while cell viability was unaffected by this suspension labelling process. Furthermore, a procedure to enable the storing of MP-labelled cell populations to facilitate cold chain transport to the site of clinical use was investigated. When MP-labelled cells were stored in hypothermic conditions using HypoThermosol solution for 24 h, cell viability and differentiation potential were retained post storage for ReN, MSC and beating CMC. Conclusions Our results show that a generic MP labelling strategy was successfully developed for a range of clinically relevant cell populations, in both monolayer and suspension cultures. MP-labelled cell populations were able to undergo transient low-temperature storage whilst maintaining functional capacity in vitro. These results suggest that this MP labelling approach can be integrated into cell manufacturing and cold chain transport processes required for future cell therapy approaches. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0968-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Harrison
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Hilda Anaid Lugo Leija
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Stephanie Strohbuecker
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - James Crutchley
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Sarah Marsh
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chris Denning
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alicia El Haj
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine-Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Virginie Sottile
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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20
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Link TM, Li X. Establishing compositional MRI of cartilage as a biomarker for clinical practice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:1137-1139. [PMID: 29550402 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.02.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T M Link
- Department of Radiology of Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - X Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, USA
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21
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Cao J, Zheng B, Meng X, Lv Y, Lu H, Wang K, Huang D, Ren J. A novel ultrasound scanning approach for evaluating femoral cartilage defects of the knee: comparison with routine magnetic resonance imaging. J Orthop Surg Res 2018; 13:178. [PMID: 30012149 PMCID: PMC6048893 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-018-0887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to assess a novel ultrasound (US) scanning approach in evaluating knee femoral cartilaginous defects, compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, commonly used for knee imaging) and arthroscopy (gold standard). Methods Sixty-four consecutive patients (65 knees) were prospectively evaluated between April 2010 and July 2011. Results The overall sensitivity (62.2 and 69.4%), specificity (92.9 and 90.5%), accuracy (75.4 and 78.5%), and adjusted positive (88.7 and 90.4%) and negative predictive (69.5 and 73.3%) were similar for both radiologists (weighted κ = 0.76). Furthermore, agreement between grading by US and MRI was substantial (weighted κ = 0.61). Conclusions In conclusion, the novel US scanning approach allows similar diagnostic performance compared to routine MRI for knee cartilage defects. US is more accessible, easier to perform, and less expensive than MRI, with potential advantages of easier initial screening and assessment of cartilage defects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13018-018-0887-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Cao
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Meng
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lv
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Huading Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Huang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Onishi O, Ikoma K, Kido M, Kabuto Y, Ueshima K, Matsuda KI, Tanaka M, Kubo T. Early detection of osteoarthritis in rabbits using MRI with a double-contrast agent. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018. [PMID: 29534754 PMCID: PMC5851162 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Articular cartilage degeneration has been evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, this method has several problems, including its time-consuming nature and the requirement of a high magnetic field or specialized hardware. The purpose of this study was to sequentially assess early degenerative changes in rabbit knee articular cartilage using MRI with a new double-contrast agent. METHODS We induced osteoarthritis (OA) in the right knee of rabbits by anterior cruciate ligament transection and partial medial meniscectomy. Proton density-weighted images and T2-calculated images were obtained before and after contrast agent injection into the knee. The signal intensity ratio (SIR) values on the proton density-weighted images were calculated by dividing the signal intensity of the articular cartilage by that of joint fluid. Six rabbits were examined using MRI at 2 (designated 2-w OA) and 4 weeks (4-w OA) after the operation. Histological examination was performed 4 weeks after the operation. One rabbit was histologically examined 2 weeks after the operation. The control consisted of six rabbits that were not subjected to the operation. The SIR values, T2 values and the thicknesses of the cartilage of the 2-w OA, 4-w OA and the control before and after contrast agent injection were analyzed. The Mankin score and OARSI (Osteoarthritis Research Society International) score were used for the histological evaluation. RESULTS Significant differences in the SIR and T2 values of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur were found between the control and the 4-w OA only after contrast agent injection. No significant differences were found in the SIR and T2 values before contrast agent injection between the control, the 2-w OA and 4-w OA. The thickness of the articular cartilage revealed no significant differences. In the histological assessment, the Mankin score and OARSI score sequentially increased from the control to the 4-w OA. CONCLUSION We evaluated the SIR and T2 values of the knees in a rabbit OA model and a control model using a new double-contrast agent. MRI with this agent enabled OA detection earlier than using conventional MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okihiro Onishi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 602-8566 465, Kajiicho, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ikoma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 602-8566 465, Kajiicho, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Masamitsu Kido
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 602-8566 465, Kajiicho, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukichi Kabuto
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 602-8566 465, Kajiicho, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Ueshima
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 602-8566 465, Kajiicho, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsuda
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kubo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 602-8566 465, Kajiicho, Kamigyo-ku Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, Japan
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Lommen JM, Flassbeck S, Behl NG, Niesporek S, Bachert P, Ladd ME, Nagel AM. Probing the microscopic environment of 23
Na ions in brain tissue by MRI: On the accuracy of different sampling schemes for the determination of rapid, biexponential T2* decay at low signal-to-noise ratio. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:571-584. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Lommen
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sebastian Flassbeck
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Nicolas G.R. Behl
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sebastian Niesporek
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy; Heidelberg Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Armin M. Nagel
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
- Institute of Radiology; University Hospital Erlangen; Erlangen Germany
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Mittelstaedt D, Kahn D, Xia Y. Detection of early osteoarthritis in canine knee joints 3 weeks post ACL transection by microscopic MRI and biomechanical measurement. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2018; 26:2309499018778357. [PMID: 29871538 PMCID: PMC6388617 DOI: 10.1177/2309499018778357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To detect early osteoarthritis (OA) in a canine Pond-Nuki model 3 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection surgery, both topographically over the medial tibial surface and depth-dependently over the cartilage thickness. METHODS Four topographical locations on each OA and contralateral medial tibia were imaged individually by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 17.6 µm transverse resolution. The quantitative MRI T2 relaxation data were correlated with the biomechanical stress-relaxation measurements from adjacent locations. RESULTS OA cartilage was thinner than the contralateral tissue and had a lower modulus compared to the contralateral cartilage for the exterior, interior, and central medial tibia locations. Depth-dependent and topographical variations were detected in OA cartilage by a number of parameters (compressive modulus, glycosaminoglycan concentration, bulk and zonal thicknesses, T2 at 0° and 55° specimen orientations in the magnet). T2 demonstrated significant differences at varying depths between OA and contralateral cartilage. CONCLUSION ACL transection caused a number of changes in the tibial cartilage at 3 weeks after the surgery. The characteristics of these changes, which are topographic and depth-dependent, likely reflect the complex degradation in this canine model of OA at the early developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mittelstaedt
- Department of Physics, Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - David Kahn
- Department of Physics, Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA,Stony Brook University Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Physics, Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
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25
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van Eck CF, Kingston RS, Crues JV, Kharrazi FD. Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Patellofemoral Chondromalacia: Is There a Role for T2 Mapping? Orthop J Sports Med 2017; 5:2325967117740554. [PMID: 29204454 PMCID: PMC5703110 DOI: 10.1177/2325967117740554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patellofemoral pain is common, and treatment is guided by the presence and grade of chondromalacia. Purpose: To evaluate and compare the sensitivity and specificity in detecting and grading chondral abnormalities of the patella between proton density fat suppression (PDFS) and T2 mapping magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 25 patients who underwent MRI of the knee with both a PDFS sequence and T2 mapping and subsequently underwent arthroscopic knee surgery were included. The cartilage surface of the patella was graded on both MRI sequences by 2 independent, blinded radiologists. Cartilage was then graded during arthroscopic surgery by a sports medicine fellowship–trained orthopaedic surgeon. Reliability, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were determined for both MRI methods. The findings during arthroscopic surgery were considered the gold standard. Results: Intraobserver and interobserver agreement for both PDFS (98.5% and 89.4%, respectively) and T2 mapping (99.4% and 91.3%, respectively) MRI were excellent. For T2 mapping, the sensitivity (61%) and specificity (64%) were comparable, whereas for PDFS there was a lower sensitivity (37%) but higher specificity (81%) in identifying cartilage abnormalities. This resulted in a similar accuracy for PDFS (59%) and T2 mapping (62%). Conclusion: Both PDFS and T2 mapping MRI were reliable but only moderately accurate in predicting patellar chondromalacia found during knee arthroscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John V Crues
- Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic, Los Angeles, California, USA
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26
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Abstract
MRI remains the optimal imaging modality to evaluate cartilage injuries in the athlete. As these injuries have no intrinsic healing capacity, early and accurate noninvasive diagnosis remains integral to determining the most appropriate treatment option in this class of patients. Although surgical success depends primarily on clinical outcomes, MRI evaluation can provide pertinent information regarding the status of the surgical repair and the progression of cartilage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Coleman
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Hospital, 12605 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Jonathan A Flug
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Hospital, 12605 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nancy Major
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Hospital, 12605 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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27
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Gerlach DA, Schopen K, Linz P, Johannes B, Titze J, Zange J, Rittweger J. Atrophy of calf muscles by unloading results in an increase of tissue sodium concentration and fat fraction decrease: a 23Na MRI physiology study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 117:1585-1595. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Eagle S, Potter HG, Koff MF. Morphologic and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of knee articular cartilage for the assessment of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:412-423. [PMID: 27325163 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Orthopedic trauma, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) disruption, is a common source of osteoarthritis in the knee. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive multi-planar imaging modality commonly used to evaluate hard and soft tissues of diarthrodial joints following traumatic injury. The contrast provided by generated images enables the evaluation of bone marrow lesions as well as delamination and degeneration of articular cartilage. We will provide background information about MRI signal generation and decay (T1 and T2 values), the utility of morphologic MRI, and the quantitative MRI techniques of T1ρ , T2 , and T2 * mapping, to evaluate subjects with traumatic knee injuries, such as ACL rupture. Additionally, we will provide information regarding the dGEMRIC, sodium, and gagCEST imaging techniques. Finally, the description and utility of newer post hoc analysis techniques, such as texture analysis, will be given. Continued development and refinement of these advanced MRI techniques will facilitate their clinical translation. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:412-423, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Eagle
- MRI Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Imaging-MRI, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, Room: BW-08G, New York, New York, 10021
| | - Hollis G Potter
- MRI Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Imaging-MRI, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, Room: BW-08G, New York, New York, 10021
| | - Matthew F Koff
- MRI Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Imaging-MRI, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, Room: BW-08G, New York, New York, 10021
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Bangerter NK, Tarbox GJ, Taylor MD, Kaggie JD. Quantitative sodium magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage, muscle, and tendon. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2016; 6:699-714. [PMID: 28090447 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2016.12.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or imaging of the 23Na nucleus, has been under exploration for several decades, and holds promise for potentially revealing additional biochemical information about the health of tissues that cannot currently be obtained from conventional hydrogen (or proton) MRI. This additional information could serve as an important complement to conventional MRI for many applications. However, despite these exciting possibilities, sodium MRI is not yet used routinely in clinical practice, and will likely remain strictly in the domain of exploratory research for the coming decade. This paper begins with a technical overview of sodium MRI, including the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal characteristics of the sodium nucleus, the challenges associated with sodium MRI, and the specialized pulse sequences, hardware, and reconstruction techniques required. Various applications of sodium MRI for quantitative analysis of the musculoskeletal system are then reviewed, including the non-invasive assessment of cartilage degeneration in vivo, imaging of tendinopathy, applications in the assessment of various muscular pathologies, and assessment of muscle response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal K Bangerter
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA;; Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Grayson J Tarbox
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Meredith D Taylor
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Joshua D Kaggie
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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30
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Kaggie JD, Sapkota N, Thapa B, Jeong K, Shi X, Morrell G, Bangerter NK, Jeong EK. Synchronous Radial 1H and 23Na Dual-Nuclear MRI on a Clinical MRI System, Equipped With a Broadband Transmit Channel. CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE. PART B, MAGNETIC RESONANCE ENGINEERING 2016; 46B:191-201. [PMID: 31452649 PMCID: PMC6710097 DOI: 10.1002/cmr.b.21347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to synchronously acquire proton (1H) and sodium (23Na) image data on a 3T clinical MRI system within the same sequence, without internal modification of the clinical hardware, and to demonstrate synchronous acquisition with 1H/23Na-GRE imaging with Cartesian and radial k-space sampling. Synchronous dual-nuclear imaging was implemented by: mixing down the 1H signal so that both the 23Na and 1H signal were acquired at 23Na frequency by the conventional MRI system; interleaving 1H/23Na transmit pulses in both Cartesian and radial sequences; and using phase stabilization on the 1H signal to remove mixing effects. The synchronous 1H/23Na setup obtained images in half the time necessary to sequentially acquire the same 1H and 23Na images with the given setup and parameters. Dual-nuclear hardware and sequence modifications were used to acquire 23Na images within the same sequence as 1H images, without increases to the 1H acquisition time. This work demonstrates a viable technique to acquire 23Na image data without increasing 1H acquisition time using minor additional custom hardware, without requiring modification of a commercial scanner with multinuclear capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Kaggie
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nabraj Sapkota
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bijaya Thapa
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kyle Jeong
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Departmento f Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Xianfeng Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Glen Morrell
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Neal K. Bangerter
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Eun-Kee Jeong
- Department of Radiology and Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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31
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Spatial variation of fixed charge density in knee joint cartilage from sodium MRI – Implication on knee joint mechanics under static loading. J Biomech 2016; 49:3387-3396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
The emergence of newer pharmacotherapeutic agents and surgical cartilage resurfacing techniques is driving the need for imaging modalities capable of early, accurate, and reproducible lesion detection. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a noninvasive tool for direct 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) assessment of the articular cartilage in both clinical and research settings. MRI has largely overcome the shortcomings of the current gold standard, radiography, by allowing for the detection of preclinical disease and subtle early abnormalities prior to the onset of radiographic disease, when damage is still reversible. Current MRI techniques are either morphological (2D/3D qualitative and quantitative techniques) or compositional (matrix-assessment techniques that detect macromolecular changes prior to morphological changes). MRI is evolving as a complete answer to our cartilage-imaging requirements of lesion description, treatment planning, and outcome measurement as well as in various research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaafiya Ashraf
- Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Adnan Zahoor
- Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Government Bone and Joint Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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33
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Ho CP, Surowiec RK, Frisbie DD, Ferro FP, Wilson KJ, Saroki AJ, Fitzcharles EK, Dornan GJ, Philippon MJ. Prospective In Vivo Comparison of Damaged and Healthy-Appearing Articular Cartilage Specimens in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement: Comparison of T2 Mapping, Histologic Endpoints, and Arthroscopic Grading. Arthroscopy 2016; 32:1601-11. [PMID: 27132779 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2016.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe T2 mapping values in arthroscopically determined International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grades in damaged and healthy-appearing articular cartilage waste specimens from arthroscopic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) treatment. Furthermore, we sought to compare ICRS grades of the specimens with biochemical, immunohistochemistry and histologic endpoints and assess correlations with T2 mapping. METHODS Twenty-four patients were prospectively enrolled, consecutively, between December 2011 and August 2012. Patients were included if they were aged 18 years or older and met criteria that followed the clinical indications for arthroscopy to treat FAI. Patients with prior hip trauma including fracture or dislocation or who have undergone prior hip surgery were excluded. All patients received a preoperative sagittal T2 mapping scan of the hip joint. Cartilage was graded intraoperatively using the ICRS grading system, and graded specimens were collected as cartilage waste for histologic, biochemical, and immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS Forty-four cartilage specimens (22 healthy-appearing, 22 damaged) were analyzed. Median T2 values were significantly higher among damaged specimens (55.7 ± 14.9 ms) than healthy-appearing specimens (49.3 ± 12.3 ms; P = .043), which was most exaggerated among mild (grade 1 or 2) defects where the damaged specimens (58.1 ± 16.4 ms) were significantly higher than their paired healthy-appearing specimens (48.7 ± 15.4 ms; P = .026). Severely damaged specimens (grade 3 or 4) had significantly lower cumulative H&E than their paired healthy-appearing counterparts (P = .02) but was not statistically significant among damaged specimens with mild (grade 1 or 2) defects (P = .198). Among healthy-appearing specimens, median T2 and the percentage of collagen fibers oriented parallel were significantly correlated (rho = 0.425, P = .048). CONCLUSIONS This study outlines the potential for T2 mapping to identify early cartilage degeneration in patients undergoing arthroscopy to treat FAI. Findings in ICRS grade 1 and 2 degeneration corresponded to an increase in T2 values. Further biochemical evaluation revealed a significant difference between healthy-appearing cartilage and late degeneration in cumulative H&E as well as significantly lower percentage of collagen fibers oriented parallel and a higher percentage of collagen fibers oriented randomly when considering all grades of cartilage damage. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, prospective comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Ho
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A
| | | | - David D Frisbie
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S.A
| | | | | | | | | | - Grant J Dornan
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A
| | - Marc J Philippon
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A.; The Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado, U.S.A..
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34
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Palukuru UP, Hanifi A, McGoverin CM, Devlin S, Lelkes PI, Pleshko N. Near infrared spectroscopic imaging assessment of cartilage composition: Validation with mid infrared imaging spectroscopy. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 926:79-87. [PMID: 27216396 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Disease or injury to articular cartilage results in loss of extracellular matrix components which can lead to the development of osteoarthritis (OA). To better understand the process of disease development, there is a need for evaluation of changes in cartilage composition without the requirement of extensive sample preparation. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a chemical investigative technique based on molecular vibrations that is increasingly used as an assessment tool for studying cartilage composition. However, the assignment of specific molecular vibrations to absorbance bands in the NIR spectrum of cartilage, which arise from overtones and combinations of primary absorbances in the mid infrared (MIR) spectral region, has been challenging. In contrast, MIR spectroscopic assessment of cartilage is well-established, with many studies validating the assignment of specific bands present in MIR spectra to specific molecular vibrations. In the current study, NIR imaging spectroscopic data were obtained for compositional analysis of tissues that served as an in vitro model of OA. MIR spectroscopic data obtained from the identical tissue regions were used as the gold-standard for collagen and proteoglycan (PG) content. MIR spectroscopy in transmittance mode typically requires a much shorter pathlength through the sample (≤10 microns thick) compared to NIR spectroscopy (millimeters). Thus, this study first addressed the linearity of small absorbance bands in the MIR region with increasing tissue thickness, suitable for obtaining a signal in both the MIR and NIR regions. It was found that the linearity of specific, small MIR absorbance bands attributable to the collagen and PG components of cartilage (at 1336 and 856 cm(-1), respectively) are maintained through a thickness of 60 μm, which was also suitable for NIR data collection. MIR and NIR spectral data were then collected from 60 μm thick samples of cartilage degraded with chondroitinase ABC as a model of OA. Partial least squares (PLS) regression using NIR spectra as input predicted the MIR-determined compositional parameters of PG/collagen within 6% of actual values. These results indicate that NIR spectral data can be used to assess molecular changes that occur with cartilage degradation, and further, the data provide a foundation for future clinical studies where NIR fiber optic probes can be used to assess the progression of cartilage degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday P Palukuru
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, 1947 N. 12th St, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arash Hanifi
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, 1947 N. 12th St, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cushla M McGoverin
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, 1947 N. 12th St, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sean Devlin
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, 1947 N. 12th St, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter I Lelkes
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, 1947 N. 12th St, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy Pleshko
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, 1947 N. 12th St, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Juras V, Zbýň Š, Mlynarik V, Szomolanyi P, Hager B, Baer P, Frollo I, Trattnig S. The compositional difference between ankle and knee cartilage demonstrated by T2 mapping at 7 Tesla MR. Eur J Radiol 2016; 85:771-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Kuyinu EL, Narayanan G, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Animal models of osteoarthritis: classification, update, and measurement of outcomes. J Orthop Surg Res 2016; 11:19. [PMID: 26837951 PMCID: PMC4738796 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-016-0346-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most commonly occurring forms of arthritis in the world today. It is a debilitating chronic illness causing pain and immense discomfort to the affected individual. Significant research is currently ongoing to understand its pathophysiology and develop successful treatment regimens based on this knowledge. Animal models have played a key role in achieving this goal. Animal models currently used to study osteoarthritis can be classified based on the etiology under investigation, primary osteoarthritis, and post-traumatic osteoarthritis, to better clarify the relationship between these models and the pathogenesis of the disease. Non-invasive animal models have shown significant promise in understanding early osteoarthritic changes. Imaging modalities play a pivotal role in understanding the pathogenesis of OA and the correlation with pain. These imaging studies would also allow in vivo surveillance of the disease as a function of time in the animal model. This review summarizes the current understanding of the disease pathogenesis, invasive and non-invasive animal models, imaging modalities, and pain assessment techniques in the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel L Kuyinu
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. .,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Ganesh Narayanan
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. .,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Lakshmi S Nair
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. .,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. .,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. .,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. .,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. .,Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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37
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Bangerter NK, Kaggie JD, Taylor MD, Hadley JR. Sodium MRI radiofrequency coils for body imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:107-118. [PMID: 26417667 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of high-field whole-body systems, advances in gradient performance and refinement of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)-efficient short-TE sequences suitable for sodium imaging have led to a resurgence of interest in sodium imaging for body applications. With this renewed interest has come increased demand for SNR-efficient sodium coils. Efficient coils can significantly increase SNR in sodium imaging, allowing higher resolutions and/or shorter scan times. In this work, we focus on body imaging applications of sodium MRI, and review developments in MRI radiofrequency (RF) coil topologies for sodium imaging. We first provide a brief discussion of RF coil design considerations in sodium imaging. This is followed by an overview of common coil topologies, their advantages and disadvantages, and examples of each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal K Bangerter
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joshua D Kaggie
- Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Meredith D Taylor
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - J Rock Hadley
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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38
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Zbýň Š, Mlynárik V, Juras V, Szomolanyi P, Trattnig S. Evaluation of cartilage repair and osteoarthritis with sodium MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:206-15. [PMID: 25810325 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The growing need for early diagnosis and higher specificity than that which can be achieved with morphological MRI is a driving force in the application of methods capable of probing the biochemical composition of cartilage tissue, such as sodium imaging. Unlike morphological imaging, sodium MRI is sensitive to even small changes in cartilage glycosaminoglycan content, which plays a key role in cartilage homeostasis. Recent advances in high- and ultrahigh-field MR systems, gradient technology, phase-array radiofrequency coils, parallel imaging approaches, MRI acquisition strategies and post-processing developments have resulted in many clinical in vivo sodium MRI studies of cartilage, even at 3 T. Sodium MRI has great promise as a non-invasive tool for cartilage evaluation. However, further hardware and software improvements are necessary to complete the translation of sodium MRI into a clinically feasible method for 3-T systems. This review is divided into three parts: (i) cartilage composition, pathology and treatment; (ii) sodium MRI; and (iii) clinical sodium MRI studies of cartilage with a focus on the evaluation of cartilage repair tissue and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štefan Zbýň
- High-Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna/Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
- CD Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimír Mlynárik
- High-Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna/Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
- CD Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir Juras
- High-Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna/Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Szomolanyi
- High-Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna/Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- High-Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna/Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
- CD Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
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Brown R, Lakshmanan K, Madelin G, Alon L, Chang G, Sodickson DK, Regatte RR, Wiggins GC. A flexible nested sodium and proton coil array with wideband matching for knee cartilage MRI at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2015; 76:1325-34. [PMID: 26502310 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We describe a 2 × 6 channel sodium/proton array for knee MRI at 3T. Multielement coil arrays are desirable because of well-known signal-to-noise ratio advantages over volume and single-element coils. However, low tissue-coil coupling that is characteristic of coils operating at low frequency can make the potential gains from a phased array difficult to realize. METHODS The issue of low tissue-coil coupling in the developed six-channel sodium receive array was addressed by implementing 1) a mechanically flexible former to minimize the coil-to-tissue distance and reduce the overall diameter of the array and 2) a wideband matching scheme that counteracts preamplifier noise degradation caused by coil coupling and a high-quality factor. The sodium array was complemented with a nested proton array to enable standard MRI. RESULTS The wideband matching scheme and tight-fitting mechanical design contributed to >30% central signal-to-noise ratio gain on the sodium module over a mononuclear sodium birdcage coil, and the performance of the proton module was sufficient for clinical imaging. CONCLUSION We expect the strategies presented in this study to be generally relevant in high-density receive arrays, particularly in x-nuclei or small animal applications. Magn Reson Med 76:1325-1334, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Brown
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA. .,Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA. .,NYU WIRELESS, Polytechnic Institute of New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
| | - Karthik Lakshmanan
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Guillaume Madelin
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leeor Alon
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,NYU WIRELESS, Polytechnic Institute of New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Gregory Chang
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel K Sodickson
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,NYU WIRELESS, Polytechnic Institute of New York University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Ravinder R Regatte
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Graham C Wiggins
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Hani AFM, Kumar D, Malik AS, Razak R, Kiflie A. Fusion of multinuclear magnetic resonance images of knee for the assessment of articular cartilage. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2013:6466-9. [PMID: 24111222 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6611035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The onset of osteoarthritis (OA), a most common knee joint disease, can be characterized by the degeneration of articular cartilage (AC). Degenerative changes in AC have been assessed by the morphological and physiological measurements using non-invasive modality such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to obtain MRI images of the knee. However, visualization and quantification of AC from MR images is difficult due to the low visibility contrast of AC compared to surrounding tissues, low and varying signal intensities in cartilage region and variable intensities in different slices of single dataset. In this work, we present a method to fuse multinuclear ((23)Na and (1)H) MR images acquired in the same plane without changing the position of the human knee as well as the Radio Frequency (RF) coil. This work is performed towards our hypothesis that fusion of sodium and proton images will provide an enhanced image that can be used for an accurate assessment of cartilage morphology. Our result shows that merging of sodium knee MR image with proton knee MR image resulting in enhanced contrast information in the cartilage region and resolves low visibility and varying intensities issue with 2D/3D proton MR. We conclude that the proposed method can further be utilized for the accurate assessment of cartilage morphology.
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Abstract
Hip pain is common in all age groups, and osteoarthritis of this joint is an increasingly recognized problem particularly in aging populations. One of the primary goals in the diagnostic evaluation in patients with hip pain is to identify and correct pathologies that could progress to osteoarthritis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important noninvasive method for characterizing hip anatomy and pathology in these patients. Improvements in MRI hardware and techniques have allowed high spatial and contrast resolution imaging to detect subtle abnormalities, such as acetabular labral and articular cartilage injuries, which often contribute to patient symptoms. Newer MRI techniques, such as delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage and T2 mapping, can give insight into the biochemical structure of tissues such as the articular cartilage. In turn, these can allow quantitative assessment and enable imagers to more directly compare the findings of patients at earlier stages of disease. It is important to understand the fundamental principles of various MRI techniques and their limitations to know when these techniques can best be applied. In addition, understanding of normal hip anatomy and common anatomic variants is useful for being able to accurately detect and localize areas of pathology and to prevent misinterpreting normal structures as diseased. The aims of this work were to briefly review normal hip anatomy and common anatomic variants seen on routine MRI examination, to discuss principles often used in high-resolution hip MRI and newer techniques for biochemical evaluation, and to examine several intra-articular pathologic conditions of the hip joint that are of current clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran M Omar
- From the Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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High Field Sodium MRI Assessment of Stem Cell Chondrogenesis in a Tissue-Engineered Matrix. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 44:1120-7. [PMID: 26168719 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of non-invasive assessment techniques in vitro and in vivo is essential for monitoring and evaluating the growth of engineered cartilage tissues. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the leading non-invasive imaging modality used for assessing engineered cartilage. Typical MRI uses water proton relaxation times (T1 and T2) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to assess tissue growth. These techniques, while excellent in providing the first assurance of tissue growth, are unspecific to monitor the progress of engineered cartilage extracellular matrix components. In the current article, we present high field (11.7 T, (1)H freq. = 500 MHz) sodium MRI assessment of tissue-engineered cartilage at the early stage of tissue growth in vitro. We observed the chondrogenesis of human bone marrow derived stromal cells seeded in a gradient polymer-hydrogel matrix made out of poly(85 lactide-co-15 glycolide)--PuraMatrix™ for 4 weeks. We calculated the sodium concentration in the engineered constructs using a model of sodium MRI voxels that takes into account scaffold volume, cell density and amount of glycosaminoglycan (GAG). The sodium concentration was then converted to the fixed charge density (FCD) and compared with FCD derived from biochemical GAG analysis. Despite the small amount of GAG present in the engineered constructs, the sodium MRI derived FCD is found to be correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient R = 0.79) with the FCD derived from biochemical analysis. We conclude that sodium MRI could prove to be an invaluable tool in assessing engineered cartilage quantitatively during the repair or regeneration of cartilage defects.
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Wei B, Mao F, Guo Y, Yao Q, Tang C, Xu Y, Jin C, Zang F, Zhang S, Wang L. Using 7.0T MRI T2 mapping to detect early changes of the cartilage matrix caused by immobilization in a rabbit model of immobilization-induced osteoarthritis. Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 33:1000-6. [PMID: 26117694 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to detect early changes in the cartilage matrix caused by immobilization in a rabbit model of immobilization-induced osteoarthritis (OA) by T2 mapping with 7.0T MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Left knee joints of 28 mature rabbits were immobilized at 180° of extension with orthopedic casting tape for 1, 2, or 3weeks (n=7 rabbits each). No immobilization was performed in the control group (n=7 rabbits). T2 mapping was performed after 1, 2, and 3weeks. Osteochondral specimens harvested from the trochlea groove (TG) and medial femoral condyle (MFC) were subjected to histologic, immunohistochemical, and microscopic evaluation, followed by biochemical assays for water, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and collagen. The ability of T2 mapping to reveal changes in the cartilage matrix was further assessed. RESULTS Rabbits demonstrated elevated T2 values (9.9% in TG, 10.6% in MFC), a dulled cartilage surface, reduced Safranin-O staining, and decreased GAG content (14.2% in TG and MFC) after 2weeks, with cartilage surface softening, irregularity, and markedly reduced GAG content by 3weeks. T2 values were correlated positively with water (r=0.836 in TG, r=0.821 in MFC) and negatively with GAG content (r=-0.945 in TG, r=-0.957 in MFC), but had no discernible relationship with collagen content (r=-0.196 in TG, r=-0.213 in MFC). CONCLUSIONS 7.0T MRI T2 mapping can be used to detect early changes of the cartilage matrix caused by immobilization in an immobilization-induced OA model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengyong Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengzhe Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengchao Zang
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecule Imaging and Functional Imaging, Zhong Da Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoxiang Zhang
- Institute of Computing Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Matzat SJ, Kogan F, Fong GW, Gold GE. Imaging strategies for assessing cartilage composition in osteoarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2015; 16:462. [PMID: 25218737 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-014-0462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to reduce the ever-increasing rates of osteoarthritis (OA) in the developed world require the ability to non-invasively detect the degradation of joint tissues before advanced damage has occurred. This is particularly relevant for damage to articular cartilage because this soft tissue lacks the capacity to repair itself following major damage and is essential to proper joint function. While conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides sufficient contrast to visualize articular cartilage morphology, more advanced imaging strategies are necessary for understanding the underlying biochemical composition of cartilage that begins to break down in the earliest stages of OA. This review discusses the biochemical basis and the advantages and disadvantages associated with each of these techniques. Recent implementations for these techniques are touched upon, and future considerations for improving the research and clinical power of these imaging technologies are also discussed.
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Hontoir F, Clegg P, Nisolle JF, Tew S, Vandeweerd JM. Magnetic resonance compositional imaging of articular cartilage: What can we expect in veterinary medicine? Vet J 2015; 205:11-20. [PMID: 26021889 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Since cartilage has limited ability to repair itself, it is useful to determine its biochemical composition early in clinical cases. It is also important to assess cartilage content in research animals in longitudinal studies in vivo. In recent years, compositional imaging techniques using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been developed to assess the biochemical composition of cartilage. This article describes MR compositional imaging techniques, and discusses their use and interpretation. Technical concerns still limit the use of some techniques for research and clinical use, especially in veterinary medicine. Glycosaminoglycan chemical-exchange saturation transfer and sodium imaging are better used with high field magnets, which have limited availability. Long acquisition times are sometimes required, for instance in T1rho (ρ) and diffusion-weighted imaging, and necessitate general anaesthesia. Even in human medicine, some techniques such as ultra-short echo T2 are not fully validated, and nearly all techniques require validation for veterinary research and clinical practice. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage and T2 mapping appear to be the most applicable methods for compositional imaging of animal cartilage. Combining T2 mapping and T1ρ allows for the assessment of proteoglycans and the collagen network, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Hontoir
- Integrated Veterinary Research Unit (IVRU), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Peter Clegg
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | | | - Simon Tew
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Jean-Michel Vandeweerd
- Integrated Veterinary Research Unit (IVRU), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000, Belgium.
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Niesporek SC, Hoffmann SH, Berger MC, Benkhedah N, Kujawa A, Bachert P, Nagel AM. Partial volume correction for in vivo 23 Na-MRI data of the human brain. Neuroimage 2015; 112:353-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Malzacher M, Kalayciyan R, Konstandin S, Haneder S, Schad LR. Sodium-23 MRI of whole spine at 3 Tesla using a 5-channel receive-only phased-array and a whole-body transmit resonator. Z Med Phys 2015; 26:95-100. [PMID: 25891846 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sodium magnetic resonance imaging ((23)Na MRI) is a unique and non-invasive imaging technique which provides important information on cellular level about the tissue of the human body. Several applications for (23)Na MRI were investigated with regard to the examination of the tissue viability and functionality for example in the brain, the heart or the breast. The (23)Na MRI technique can also be integrated as a potential monitoring instrument after radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The main contribution in this work was the adaptation of (23)Na MRI for spine imaging, which can provide essential information on the integrity of the intervertebral disks with respect to the early detection of disk degeneration. In this work, a transmit-only receive-only dual resonator system was designed and developed to cover the whole human spine using (23)Na MRI and increase the receive sensitivity. The resonator system consisted of an already presented (23)Na whole-body resonator and a newly developed 5-channel receive-only phased-array. The resonator system was first validated using bench top and phantom measurements. A threefold SNR improvement at the depth of the spine (∼7cm) over the whole-body resonator was achieved using the spine array. (23)Na MR measurements of the human spine using the transmit-only receive-only resonator system were performed on a healthy volunteer within an acquisition time of 10minutes. A density adapted 3D radial sequence was chosen with 6mm isotropic resolution, 49ms repetition time and a short echo time of 540μs. Furthermore, it was possible to quantify the tissue sodium concentration in the intervertebral discs in the lumbar region (120ms repetition time) using this setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Malzacher
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Raffi Kalayciyan
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Simon Konstandin
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Haneder
- Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - Lothar R Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Comparison of quantitative and semiquantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI with respect to their correlation to delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the cartilage in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2015; 39:64-9. [PMID: 25340588 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between semiquantitative and quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) parameters with delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cartilage (dGEMRIC). METHODS Fifteen patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from the ArthroMark cohort were investigated at a 3-T MRI scanner. The metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the index finger was examined with DCE-MRI and dGEMRIC. Semiquantitative and quantitative DCE perfusion parameters were calculated. The RA MRI score of the second MCP joint and the joint space width were measured. RESULTS Significant correlations were noted between both semiquantitative and quantitative DCE parameters and the RA MRI score of the second MCP joint. There was a significant negative correlation between DCE parameters and dGEMRIC. No association between joint space width and DCE parameters was observed. CONCLUSIONS Semiquantitative and quantitative analyses of perfusion are applicable to show that cartilage damage correlates with the inflammation activity despite the absence of joint space narrowing.
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Ukai T, Sato M, Yamashita T, Imai Y, Mitani G, Takagaki T, Serigano K, Mochida J. Diffusion tensor imaging can detect the early stages of cartilage damage: a comparison study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015; 16:35. [PMID: 25886863 PMCID: PMC4342082 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, we measured damaged areas of cartilage with diffusion tensor (DT) imaging and T2 mapping, and investigated the extent to which cartilage damage could be determined using these techniques. METHODS Forty-one patients underwent arthroscopic knee surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee, a meniscus injury, or an anterior cruciate ligament injury. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of the knee was performed, including T2 mapping and diffusion tensor imaging. The presence of cartilage injury involving the medial and lateral femoral condyles and tibia plateau was assessed during surgery using the Outerbridge scale. The ADC, T2 values and fractional anisotropy of areas of cartilage injury were then retrospectively analysed. RESULTS The ADC results identified significant differences between Outerbridge grades 0 and 2 (P = 0.041); 0 and 3 (P < 0.001); 1 and 2 (P = 0.045); 1 and 3 (P < 0.001); and 2 and 3 (P = 0.028). The FA results identified significant differences between grades 0 and 1 (P < 0.001); 0 and 2 (P < 0.001); and 0 and 3 (P < 0.001). T2 mapping identified significant differences between Outerbridge grades 0 and 2 (P = 0.032); 0 and 3 (P < 0.001); 1 and 3 (P < 0.001); and 2 and 3 (P < 0.001). Both the T2 mapping (R(2) = 0.7883) and the ADC (R(2) = 0.9184) correlated significantly with the Outerbridge grade. The FA (R(2) = 0.6616) correlated slightly with the Outerbridge grade. CONCLUSIONS T2 mapping can be useful for detecting moderate or severe cartilage damage, and the ADC can be used to detect early stage cartilage damage. The FA can also distinguish normal from damaged cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Ukai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Masato Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Yamashita
- Department of Radiology, Specialized Clinical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Imai
- Department of Radiology, Specialized Clinical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Genya Mitani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Tomonori Takagaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Kenji Serigano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Joji Mochida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
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Huang M, Schweitzer ME. The role of radiology in the evolution of the understanding of articular disease. Radiology 2015; 273:S1-22. [PMID: 25340431 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.14140270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Both the clinical practice of radiology and the journal Radiology have had an enormous effect on our understanding of articular disease. Early descriptions of osteoarthritis (OA) appeared in Radiology. More recently, advanced physiologic magnetic resonance (MR) techniques have furthered our understanding of the early prestructural changes in patients with OA. Sodium imaging, delayed gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of cartilage, and spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame (or T1ρ) sequences have advanced understanding of the pathophysiology and pathoanatomy of OA. Many pioneering articles on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) also have been published in Radiology. In the intervening decades, our understanding of the natural history of RA has been altered by these articles. Many of the first descriptions of crystalline arthropathies, including gout, calcium pyrophosphate deposition, and hydroxyapatite deposition disease, appeared in Radiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Huang
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Stony Brook, HSC Level 4, Room 120, Stony Brook, NY 11746
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