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Bloomfield V, Shahid A, Traubici J, Chiu PPL, Kives S, Allen L. Retrospective Review of Management of Antenatally Diagnosed Ovarian Cysts at the Hospital for Sick Children. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:161602. [PMID: 38991897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postnatal management of antenatally diagnosed ovarian cysts is not well-defined. The clinical course, management, and outcomes of patients with antenatally diagnosed ovarian cysts were reviewed. METHODS Infants <1 year of age with antenatally diagnosed ovarian cyst managed at The Hospital for Sick Children between January 2017 and December 2021 were included. Patient charts were reviewed for postnatal ultrasound (US) images, management, clinical course and complications. Mixed linear regression analysis was used to model the change in cyst size over time. RESULTS In total, 52 patients were included and 10 patients had no cyst identified at their first postnatal US. Of the remaining cases, 36% were simple/physiologic and 64% had complex features. Two underwent percutaneous aspiration while 40 patients were managed expectantly with most cysts (62%) resolving. The rate of resolution was significantly higher and faster for simple compared to complex cysts (84% versus 52%, p < 0.05). Cysts that persisted at the end of the study period (n = 14) had all decreased in size, with a rate of resolution similar to resolved cysts. Only one patient managed expectantly required urgent laparoscopy for salpingoophorectomy. CONCLUSION Antenatally diagnosed ovarian cysts exhibit high rates of resolution with expectant management, supporting the safety and efficacy for expectant management for these patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Bloomfield
- Section of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Aiman Shahid
- University of Toronto's Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Traubici
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Medical Imaging, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Priscilla P L Chiu
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sari Kives
- Section of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Allen
- Section of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Mariani A, Hameury F, Dubois R, Demède D, Gelas T, Mure PY, Gorduza D. Isolated Fallopian Tube Torsion in Children With Hydrosalpinx: Is Conservative Management an Option? Pediatr Emerg Care 2024; 40:582-585. [PMID: 38743405 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000003209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated fallopian tube torsion (IFTT) is very rare gynecological emergency in pediatric population. Our objective is to assess treatment options and discuss outcome of a cohort of IFTT with a focus on the association between IFTT and hydrosalpinx (HSX). METHODS A retrospective review was conducted. Pediatric patients with IFTT operated in the same center were included. RESULTS Seventeen girls (aged: 11-16 years) were managed for acute abdominal pain between 2008 and 2018, with intraoperative diagnosis of IFTT. All patients underwent laparoscopic exploration, with laparoscopically fallopian tube detorsion in all patients. Based on the association of IFTT with HSX after fallopian tube detorsion, patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (IFTT without HSX; 12 girls) and group 2 (IFTT with HSX; 5 girls). During the same surgery, complementary surgical procedures were done. In group 1: salpingectomies (4), partial salpingectomies (2) and cystectomies (6) were done. In group 2: salpingectomy (1), salpingotomy (1), and cyst ablation (1). The treatment was called conservative when the tube was preserved.Follow-up was uneventful in group 1. In group 2, for all patients with initial fallopian tube preservation, further surgical procedures were necessary (1-4 surgeries/patient), and, finally, another 3 patients required salpingectomy. CONCLUSIONS Conservative treatment with tube preservation of IFTT without HSX appeared to be beneficial compared to those with HSX, with no recurrence of torsion or symptoms during the follow-up. However, the same conservative treatment was not sufficiently effective for IFTT with HSX and required further procedures due to recurrence of torsion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Mariani
- From the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Centre Hospitalo Universitaire, Angers
| | - Frédéric Hameury
- Department of Pediatric Urology and Pediatric Surgery, Hopital Femme Mère et Enfant, Bron, France
| | - Rémi Dubois
- Department of Pediatric Urology and Pediatric Surgery, Hopital Femme Mère et Enfant, Bron, France
| | - Delphine Demède
- Department of Pediatric Urology and Pediatric Surgery, Hopital Femme Mère et Enfant, Bron, France
| | - Thomas Gelas
- Department of Pediatric Urology and Pediatric Surgery, Hopital Femme Mère et Enfant, Bron, France
| | - Pierre Yves Mure
- Department of Pediatric Urology and Pediatric Surgery, Hopital Femme Mère et Enfant, Bron, France
| | - Daniela Gorduza
- Department of Pediatric Urology and Pediatric Surgery, Hopital Femme Mère et Enfant, Bron, France
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Delgado-Miguel C, Arredondo-Montero J, Moreno-Alfonso JC, San Basilio M, Peña Pérez R, Carrera N, Aguado P, Fuentes E, Díez R, Hernández-Oliveros F. The Role of Neutrophyl-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Ovarian Torsion in Children: Results of a Multicentric Study. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:889. [PMID: 39063642 PMCID: PMC11277755 DOI: 10.3390/life14070889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pediatric ovarian torsion (OT) is an emergency condition that remains challenging to diagnose because of its overall unspecific clinical presentation. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of clinical, ultrasound, and inflammatory laboratory markers in pediatric OT. METHODS We performed a retrospective multicentric case-control study in patients with clinical and ultrasound suspicion of OT, in whom surgical examination was performed between 2016-2022 in seven pediatric hospitals. Patients were divided into two groups according to intraoperative findings: OT group (ovarian torsion), defined as torsion of the ovarian axis at least 360°, and non-OT group (no torsion). Demographics, clinical, ultrasound, and laboratory features at admission were analyzed. The diagnostic yield analysis was performed using logistic regression models, and the results were represented by ROC curves. RESULTS We included a total of 110 patients (75 in OT group; 35 in non-OT group), with no demographic or clinical differences between them. OT-group patients had shorter time from symptom onset (8 vs. 12 h; p = 0.023), higher ultrasound median ovarian volume (63 vs. 51 mL; p = 0.013), and a significant increase in inflammatory markers (leukocytes, neutrophils, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein) when compared to the non-OT group. In the ROC curve analysis, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) presented the highest AUC (0.918), with maximum sensitivity (92.4%) and specificity (90.1%) at the cut-off point NLR = 2.57. CONCLUSIONS NLR can be considered as a useful predictor of pediatric OT in cases with clinical and ultrasound suspicion. Values above 2.57 may help to anticipate urgent surgical treatment in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Delgado-Miguel
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avenida de los Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Health Research IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Arredondo-Montero
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, 24071 Castilla y León, Spain
| | | | - María San Basilio
- Pediatric Surgery Department, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Peña Pérez
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Noela Carrera
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Toledo University Hospital, 45005 Toledo, Spain
| | - Pablo Aguado
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avenida de los Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ennio Fuentes
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avenida de los Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Villalba University Hospital, 28400 Villalba, Spain
| | - Ricardo Díez
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Avenida de los Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Villalba University Hospital, 28400 Villalba, Spain
| | - Francisco Hernández-Oliveros
- Institute for Health Research IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Surgery Department, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
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Zhao J, Wang D, Wang R, He Y, Jia C, Pan L, Ma S, Wu M, Wang W, Cheng X, Yang J, Xiang Y. Fertility-sparing surgery in children and adolescents with borderline ovarian tumors: a retrospective study. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:96. [PMID: 38720349 PMCID: PMC11077773 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the characteristics of children and adolescents with borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) and evaluate the efficacy and safety of fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) in these patients. METHODS Patients with BOTs younger than 20 years who underwent FSS were included in this study. RESULTS A total of 34 patients were included, with a median patient age of 17 (range, 3-19) years; 97.1% (33/34) of cases occurred after menarche. Of the patients, 82.4% had mucinous borderline tumors (MBOTs), 14.7% had serous borderline tumors (SBOTs), and 2.9% had seromucinous borderline tumor (SMBOT). The median tumor size was 20.4 (range, 8-40)cm. All patients were at International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I and all underwent FSS: cystectomy (unilateral ovarian cystectomy, UC, 14/34, 41.2% and bilateral ovarian cystectomy, BC, 1/34, 2.9%), unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (USO; 18/34; 52.9%), or USO + contralateral ovarian cystectomy (1/34; 2.9%). The median follow-up time was 65 (range, 10-148) months. Recurrence was experienced by 10 of the 34 patients (29.4%). One patient with SBOT experienced progression to low-grade serous carcinoma after the third relapse. Two patients had a total of four pregnancies, resulting in three live births. The recurrence rate of UC was significantly higher in MBOTs than in USO (p = 0.005). The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 67.1%, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 100%. CONCLUSIONS Fertility-sparing surgery is feasible and safe for children and adolescents with BOTs. For patients with MBOTs, USO is recommended to lower the risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruojiao Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yonglan He
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Congwei Jia
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lingya Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuiqing Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weidi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghan Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Liu Q, Li Z, Zhou H, Cao D, Yang J, Shen K, Lang J. Clinicopathological features and surgical procedures of adnexal masses with abdominal pain in pediatric and adolescent patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:132. [PMID: 38515195 PMCID: PMC10958921 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the clinicopathological features and surgical procedures of adnexal masses with abdominal pain in pediatric and adolescent patients. Our objective was to better define the clinical presentation of adnexal torsion and to distinguish characteristics of those with torsion and those with an alternate diagnosis. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of 212 pediatric and adolescent patients was performed who admitted for abdominal pain and presenting with an adnexal mass between March 2012 to December 2019.Medical records were reviewed for age at operation, including presentation of symptoms and signs; the levels of tumor markers; imaging examinations; pathologic findings; the size of masses; treatment; and outcome. Data management and descriptive analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0. RESULTS The median age of the patients was 14.5 ± 3.6 years at the operation. 126 (59.4%, 126/212) patients presented with an abrupt onset of abdominal pain. A total of 82.1% (174/212) of the participants underwent adnexal conservative surgery. 179 (84.5%, 179/212) patients underwent laparoscopic surgery with an average tumor size of 7.7 ± 3.4 cm, while 33 patients ( 15.6%, 33/212) underwent laparotomy. Rupture of mass and ectopic pregnancy accounted for 7.5% (16/212) and 0.9%(2/212), respectively. Torsion was responsible for 36.8% (78/212) of all patients. Among the patients with torsion, the symptom of nausea and vomiting was more common among girls without torsion (P < 0.0001). 88.5% of the girls with torsion had acute onset of abdominal pain, while 92.3% had persistent pain that could not be relieved or occurred repeatedly, which significantly higher than that in the patients without torsion (P < 0.001). 69.2% of patients with torsion had fixed pain sites, compared with 42.2% in patients without torsion (P < 0.001). 88.5% of girls with torsion had an ovarian cyst/mass ≥ 5 cm, compared with 75.0% in girls without torsion (P = 0.038). 66.7% of girls underwent ovary-preserving surgery, compared with 92.2% in patients without torsion. The most common pathologic types were mature teratoma and simple cyst, accounting for 29.4% and 25.6%, respectively. The multivariate analyses confirmed that mass size greater than 5 cm (OR 4.134, 95% CI: 1.349-12.669,P = 0.013), acute onset pain (OR 24.150,95%CI: 8.398-69.444,P = 0.000), persistent or recurrent pain (OR 15.911,95%CI: 6.164-41.075,P = 0.000) were significantly associated with increased risk of torsion. CONCLUSIONS Torsion which is a relatively rare event in the pediatric population was not an uncommon condition and responsible for more than one third of all pediatric and adolescent patients presented with adnexal masses and abdominal pain. Pain assessment in children and adolescents is important to distinguish characteristics of those with torsion and those with an alternate diagnosis.Thus, pediatric and adolescent patients particularly with a pelvic mass size greater than 5 cm, acute onset pain, persistent or recurrent pain have a benign cause and not missing the devastating condition that needs emergent attention. Thus, a strategy of earlier and liberal use of Diagnostic Laparoscopy (DL) may improve ovarian salvage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, No. 1 ShuaiFu Yuan, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 250062, Jinan, China
| | - Huimei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, No. 1 ShuaiFu Yuan, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China.
| | - Dongyan Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, No. 1 ShuaiFu Yuan, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, No. 1 ShuaiFu Yuan, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Keng Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, No. 1 ShuaiFu Yuan, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghe Lang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, No. 1 ShuaiFu Yuan, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China
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Behr GG, Morani AC, Artunduaga M, Desoky SM, Epelman M, Friedman J, Lala SV, Seekins J, Towbin AJ, Back SJ. Imaging of pediatric ovarian tumors: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70 Suppl 4:e29995. [PMID: 36184758 PMCID: PMC10642215 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian tumors in children are uncommon. Like those arising in the adult population, they may be broadly divided into germ cell, sex cord, and surface epithelium subtypes; however, germ cell tumors comprise the majority of lesions in children, whereas tumors of surface epithelial origin predominate in adults. Diagnostic workup, including the use of imaging, requires an approach that often differs from that required in an adult. This paper offers consensus recommendations for imaging of pediatric patients with a known or suspected primary ovarian malignancy at diagnosis and during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald G Behr
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ajaykumar C Morani
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maddy Artunduaga
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah M Desoky
- Department of Radiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Monica Epelman
- Department of Radiology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jonathan Friedman
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shailee V Lala
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jayne Seekins
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alexander J Towbin
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan J Back
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Tyraskis A, Davidson J, Billington J, Blackburn S, Curry J, Mullassery D, Giuliani S, Eaton S, Cross K, De Coppi P. Ultrasonographic features associated with previous torsion and the impact of surgery in managing neonatal ovarian cysts: a 20-year single-centre retrospective study. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:185. [PMID: 37095416 PMCID: PMC10125918 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify markers of previous ovarian torsion and outline the outcomes according to US appearance and operative management. METHODS A retrospective single-centre review of neonatal ovarian cysts from January 2000 to January 2020. Data on postnatal cyst size and sonographic features and operative treatment were co-related with outcomes of ovarian loss and histology. RESULTS 77 females were included with 22 simple and 56 complex cysts, one patient had bilateral cysts. 9/22 (41%) simple cysts regressed spontaneously in a median of 13 weeks (8-17). Complex cysts regressed spontaneously less frequently, 7/56(12%, P = 0.01), in 13 weeks (7-39). 38/56 (68%) complex and 12/22 (55%) simple cysts were treated operatively. 21/22 (95%) ovaries with initially simple cyst were salvaged compared to 20/56(36%) with initially complex cyst (P < 0.001). A fluid-debris level in 23/26 complex cysts was most associated with ovarian loss (P = 0.0006). Presence of viable ovarian stromal tissue was seen in 8/20 (40%) excised specimens during ovarian sparing procedures and in 5/30 (17%) oophorectomies for necrotic appearing ovaries. CONCLUSIONS Fluid-debris level on US is significantly associated with ovarian loss likely due to previous torsion. Simple cysts are viable and often regress spontaneously. The finding of viable ovarian stromal tissue in resected specimens supports attempting ovarian preservation wherever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Tyraskis
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Joseph Davidson
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Jennifer Billington
- Neonatal & Paediatric Surgery and Biomedical Research Center, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Simon Blackburn
- Neonatal & Paediatric Surgery and Biomedical Research Center, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Joseph Curry
- Neonatal & Paediatric Surgery and Biomedical Research Center, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dhanya Mullassery
- Neonatal & Paediatric Surgery and Biomedical Research Center, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Stefano Giuliani
- Neonatal & Paediatric Surgery and Biomedical Research Center, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Simon Eaton
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Kate Cross
- Neonatal & Paediatric Surgery and Biomedical Research Center, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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Recurrence Rates for Pediatric Benign Ovarian Neoplasms. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2023; 36:160-166. [PMID: 36496105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine the recurrence rates of pediatric benign ovarian neoplasms METHODS: A retrospective review of females up to 21 years of age who underwent surgery for a benign ovarian neoplasm at 8 pediatric hospitals from January 2010 through December 2016 was conducted. Data include primary operation details, follow-up imaging, and reoperation details. RESULTS Four hundred and twenty-six females were included in our cohort, with a median age of 15 years at the time of the primary operation. Of the patients, 69% had a mature teratoma, 18% had a serous cystadenoma, and 8% had a mucinous cystadenoma. Two-thirds of patients underwent ovarian-sparing surgery. There were 11 pathologically confirmed recurrences (2.6%) at a median follow-up of 12.8 months. The pathologically confirmed recurrence was 10.5 per 100 person-months at 12 months (SE = 5.7) for mucinous cystadenomas and 0.4 months (SE = 0.4) for mature teratomas (P = .001). For half of the patients, the pathologically confirmed recurrences occurred by 12.8 months, and for 75%, they occurred by 23.3 months. There were no differences in reoperation or recurrence on the basis of initial procedure (ovary-sparing surgery vs oophorectomy). CONCLUSION We measured the pathologically confirmed recurrence rate for pediatric benign ovarian neoplasms in a large cohort. Oophorectomy was not protective against recurrence. Mucinous cystadenomas were at a greater risk of pathologically confirmed recurrence.
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Huerta CT, Ramsey WA, Lynn R, Saberi RA, Gilna GP, Parreco JP, Thorson CM, Sola JE, Perez EA. Underutilization of laparoscopy for ovarian surgeries in the pediatric population: A nationwide analysis. J Pediatr Surg 2023; 58:1000-1007. [PMID: 36792420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oophorectomy and ovarian detorsion are some of the most frequent operations performed in the female pediatric population. Despite the advent of laparoscopy, many surgeons continue to utilize open surgical approaches in these patients. This study sought to compare nationwide trends and postoperative outcomes in laparoscopic and open ovarian operations in the pediatric population. METHODS Females less than 21 years old who underwent ovarian operations (oophorectomy, detorsion, and/or drainage) from 2016 to 2017 were identified from the Nationwide Readmissions Database. Patients were stratified by surgical approach (laparoscopic or open). Hospital characteristics and outcomes were compared using standard statistical tests. RESULTS There were 13,202 females (age 17 [14-20] years) who underwent open (59%) or laparoscopic (41%) ovarian operations. The most common indications for surgery were ovarian mass (48%), cyst (36%), and/or torsion (19%) for which oophorectomy (88%), detorsion (26%), and drainage (13%) were performed most frequently. The open approach was utilized more frequently for oophorectomy (95% vs. 77% laparoscopic) and detorsion (33% vs. 16% laparoscopic), both p < 0.001. A greater proportion of laparoscopic procedures were performed at large (67% vs. 61% open), teaching (82% vs. 76% open) hospitals in patients with private insurance (47% vs. 42% open), all p < 0.001. Patients undergoing open procedures had significantly higher index length of stay (LOS) and rates of wound infections. Thirty-day and overall readmission rates, as well as overall readmission costs, were higher in patients who received open surgeries. CONCLUSIONS Despite fewer overall complications, decreased cost, fewer readmissions, and shorter LOS, laparoscopic approaches are underutilized for pediatric ovarian procedures. TYPE OF STUDY Retrospective Comparative. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Theodore Huerta
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Walter A Ramsey
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Royi Lynn
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca A Saberi
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gareth P Gilna
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joshua P Parreco
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Chad M Thorson
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Juan E Sola
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eduardo A Perez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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10
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Failure of Operative Therapy after Ovarian-Sparing Surgery for Pediatric Benign Ovarian Neoplasms: A Retrospective Review. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2022; 35:702-706. [PMID: 36031113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate failure of initial operative therapy (incomplete tumor removal) of ovarian-sparing surgery for pediatric benign ovarian neoplasms. METHODS A retrospective review of patients up to 21 years of age who underwent ovarian-sparing surgery for a benign ovarian neoplasm from 2010 to 2016 at 8 pediatric hospitals was conducted. Failure of initial operative therapy is defined as a radiologically suspected or pathologically confirmed ipsilateral lesion with the same pathology as the primary neoplasm within 12 weeks of the initial operation. RESULTS Forty patients received imaging within 12 weeks of their primary operation. Sixteen (40%) patients had a radiologically identified ovarian abnormality ipsilateral to the primary lesion, and 5 patients were suspected to have the same lesion as their primary neoplasm. Three of the 5 patients (7.5%) underwent reoperation with pathologic confirmation of the same lesion, resulting in a pathologically confirmed failure of therapy rate of 7.5%. The other 2 patients had serial imaging that subsequently demonstrated no recurrence with lesion resolution. Age, race/ethnicity, laparoscopy vs laparotomy, presence of torsion, pathology, size of lesion, and surgeon specialty were not associated with failure of therapy. CONCLUSION In most patients who received imaging within 12 weeks of the primary operation for resection of a benign ovarian neoplasm, ovarian-sparing surgery was successful in complete tumor removal, with a low failure of therapy rate. Selected patients with suspected failure of therapy on initial imaging could be serially monitored to determine the need for repeat surgical intervention.
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11
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AlDakhil L, Aljuhaimi A, AlKhattabi M, Alobaid S, Mattar RE, Alobaid A. Ovarian neoplasia in adolescence: a retrospective chart review of girls with neoplastic ovarian tumors in Saudi Arabia. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:105. [PMID: 36114569 PMCID: PMC9482250 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-01033-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian neoplasia in children and adolescents is a rare tumor. The diagnosis and management of such tumors is often difficult and delayed due to non-specific symptoms and low suspicion. Surgical management that preserves fertility and ovarian function should be the goal. Objective This study aimed to review the clinical presentation, tumor characteristics, and management of Saudi Arabian adolescents. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted on adolescent girls aged 19 or less admitted to tow referral hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, diagnosed with adnexal mass over an 8 years’ period; patients who were older than 19 were excluded. The data collected from patients’ charts included age, presenting symptoms, radiologic findings, type of surgery, specialist who performed the surgery, and histopathology of the tumors. We classified patients according to age using the three WHO developmental stages: early adolescence (10–13 years old), middle adolescence (14–16 years old), and late adolescence (16–17 years old). The statistical study used SPSS version 18.0 to determine the data’s frequency, distributions, and means (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Results We analyzed 164 patients, between 10 and 19 years old, admitted to two hospitals between 2009 and 2017. We found that 85% of these patients underwent surgery for adnexal mass removal, and 90.2% were symptomatic or emergency cases. The majority of our patients were post-menarche (96.95%), and were between the ages of 14 and 19. The most common surgical procedure for tumor removal was laparoscopic cystectomy (74.4%). An adnexal mass with a solid component on ultrasound is the most commonly found indicator of malignancy. The majority of tumors were benign (32.3%). Germ cell tumors were the most common (68.7%) malignant tumor, and yolk sac tumors were the most common subgroup of germ cell tumors. When managed by a gynecologist, surgical intervention can be a successful method of preserving fertility. Conclusions Our results confirm that the majority of neoplastic ovarian tumors in children and adolescents are benign, and surgical intervention can be used to maintain fertility, especially when managed by a gynecologist. This is one of the largest reported series and the first from our area.
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12
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Wu Y, Chu C, Zhang J, Nitish B, Ni J, Xu X. A case of ovarian Teratoma with nephroblastoma presenting abdomen metastasis. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24364. [PMID: 35349728 PMCID: PMC9102504 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teratoma with nephroblastoma (TWN) is an extremely rare condition. Since 1984, only 45 reported cases have been identified. To our knowledge, there have been only two cases of TWN of ovarian origin. CASE PRESENTATION We described a case of ovarian TWN who presented to us with painless abdominal masses 6 months after undergoing right ovarian cystectomy. The tumor had spread to the abdomen due to spontaneous rupture of the ovarian cyst and failure to undergo chemotherapy. Microscopically, the ovarian mass exhibited the typical components of a mature cystic teratoma. The tumors found in both the ovary and abdomen contained the nephroblastoma components and were strongly positive for WT-1. The patient was advised to undergo chemotherapy and she was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION A careful histological examination is necessary for an accurate diagnosis, which is based on morphology and extensive immunohistochemical studies. According to the literature, surgical excision alone seems reasonable as the prognosis of TWN is considered to be good. However, due to the spontaneous rupture of the ovarian cyst, chemotherapy of the patient after the first surgery was necessary in our case. Therefore, additional case studies are needed to clarify the standardized treatment of TWN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wu
- Department of PathologyJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chu Chu
- Obstetrical DepartmentLianyungang Maternal and Child Health HospitalLianyungangChina
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of PathologyJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Beharee Nitish
- Department of Gynecological OncologyJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Gynecological OncologyJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Department of PathologyJiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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13
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Braungart S, Smith CV. Recurrence and Metachronous Disease in Children with Benign Ovarian Tumors: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2022; 32:98-104. [PMID: 35016253 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM The majority of ovarian tumors in children are benign, with good prognosis following complete resection. Little is published on the incidence of tumor recurrence and metachronous disease, and follow-up management of children with benign ovarian tumors (BOTs) remains a matter of debate. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the incidence and timing of recurrence and metachronous disease in children with BOTs in pediatric literature. METHODS Comprehensive literature searches of the English literature (PubMed, OVID, EMBASE databases) from inception to present according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. Outcomes for tumor recurrence and metachronous disease were synthesized. RESULTS Nineteen studies comprising 1,069 patients with BOTs were included in the analysis. All studies were retrospective cohort studies of children less than 18 years old. A total of 56 events of recurrence or metachronous disease were reported in these patients. The overall risk of recurrence/metachronous event occurrence was 5.2%/2.9%. Seventy-five percent of events occurred within the first 4 years following resection. CONCLUSION Although the studies identified are few and heterogeneous, they demonstrate a significant risk of tumor recurrence and metachronous disease for children following resection of a BOT.Especially following total unilateral oophorectomy, these children are at risk of losing the contralateral ovary in case of metachronous disease.Immediate discharge from follow-up, therefore, does not appear safe. The majority of events occurred within the first 4 years following resection. Follow-up for children following resection of a BOT should, therefore, be continued for a minimum of 4 years following surgery. Larger, long-term prospective studies are required to more accurately determine the true incidence and long-term outcomes for children and adolescents with these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Braungart
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Charlotte Victoria Smith
- North West of England School of Foundation Training and Physician Associates - FY2, St Helen's and Knowsley, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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14
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Saberi RA, Gilna GP, Rodriguez C, Quiroz HJ, Urrechaga EM, Cioci AC, Parreco JP, Thorson CM, Sola JE, Perez EA. Ovarian Preservation and Recurrent Torsion in Children: Both Less Common Than We Thought. J Surg Res 2021; 271:67-72. [PMID: 34844056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical management of pediatric ovarian torsion includes total oophorectomy (TO) or ovarian preservation surgery (OPS). This study sought to identify factors contributing to surgical management and readmission outcomes for ovarian torsion. METHODS The Nationwide Readmission Database from 2010-2014 was used to identify patients < 18 years admitted with ovarian torsion. Patient factors, hospital characteristics, and readmission outcomes were compared by TO and OPS. Standard statistical analysis was performed and results were weighted for national estimates. RESULTS There were 6028 patients (age 13 ± 4 years) identified with ovarian torsion who underwent either TO (50%) or OPS (50%). Patients had secondary pathology of ovarian cyst (41%), benign mass (19%), and malignant mass (0.4%). OPS was more common in teaching hospitals (84% vs. 74% TO, P<0.001), patients < 13 years of age (41% vs. 37% TO, P = 0.001), and those from high-income households (51% vs. 41% TO, P<0.001). The overall readmission rate was 4%, with no difference between surgical approach (4.3% OPS vs. 4.4% TO, P = 0.882). Of those readmitted (n = 265), readmission diagnoses were cyst (10%), malignant mass (9%), benign mass (7%), and torsion (5%). The overall rate of recurrent torsion was 0.2%, with no difference between OPS and TO (< 0.3% vs. < 0.2%, P = 0.282). CONCLUSION Half of pediatric patients are undergoing TO for ovarian torsion in the U.S. and disparities exist with the utilization of OPS. There is no difference in rate of readmission or recurrent torsion between surgical approaches, and the overall rate of retorsion is lower than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Saberi
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
| | - Gareth P Gilna
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Cindy Rodriguez
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Hallie J Quiroz
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Eva M Urrechaga
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alessia C Cioci
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua P Parreco
- Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Memorial Regional Hospital, Hollywood, Florida
| | - Chad M Thorson
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Juan E Sola
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Eduardo A Perez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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15
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Kiely D, Lewis C, Gray J, Hall N. Prevalence of metachronous contralateral mature ovarian teratoma: A systematic review. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e29237. [PMID: 34331503 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing recognition that contralateral metachronous tumor may occur following treatment of unilateral mature ovarian teratoma. We aimed to define this risk to guide appropriate surveillance strategies. We undertook a systematic review of three large medical databases (Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register) to April 2020 using a defined search strategy. From 1831 articles retrieved, 23 were included, reporting 1101 girls with unilateral mature ovarian teratomas. The intensity and duration of follow-up varied between studies, with only five reporting close surveillance. Overall prevalence of metachronous contralateral mature teratoma was 2.1%, with a prevalence per study of 0%-23% (median 0%). Prevalence was higher (7%) among studies with more robust surveillance. These data suggest a small but real risk of metachronous contralateral tumors. Surveillance ultrasonography is proportionate and indicated alongside further prospective data collection to record the natural history and impact of surveillance in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kiely
- Department of Paediatric Surgery and Urology, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carianne Lewis
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Juliet Gray
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Nigel Hall
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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16
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Knaus ME, Lawrence AE, Onwuka AJ, Abouelseoud NM, Breech LL, Brito KS, Dekonenko C, Hertweck SP, Hong HY, Menon S, Merritt DF, Schikler AG, Senapati N, Smith YR, Strickland JL, Truehart AI, Minneci PC, Hewitt GD. Recommendations for Postoperative Surveillance of Pediatric Benign Ovarian Neoplasms. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021; 34:666-672. [PMID: 33989806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess postoperative management of pediatric patients with benign ovarian neoplasms, to develop recommendations for postoperative care. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING Eight pediatric hospitals in the midwestern United States. PARTICIPANTS Patients up to 21 years of age who underwent surgery for a benign ovarian neoplasm between January 2010 and December 2016 were included. INTERVENTIONS No prospective interventions were evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Main outcome measures included postoperative imaging findings, recurrence rates, reoperation rates, and the timing of the aforementioned results. RESULTS A total of 427 patients met inclusion criteria. After the index surgery, 155 patients (36%) underwent a routine imaging study. Among those with routine imaging, abnormalities were noted in 48 patients (31%); 7 went on to have reoperation (5%), and no malignant pathologies or torsion were identified. Excluding the 7 patients who went on to have a reoperation as a result of routine imaging, 113 patients developed symptoms postoperatively and underwent imaging as a result (27%, 113/420). Abnormalities were noted in 44 (10%); 15 of these patients underwent reoperation (4%), among them 2 with malignancies and 3 with torsion. Of these 44 patients, 23 had initially undergone routine imaging and subsequently went on to have symptomatic imaging, with 17% (4/23) undergoing reoperation. CONCLUSIONS Routine imaging did not identify malignancy; most lesions identified on routine imaging were incidental findings. Although the study was not powered to appreciate a statistically significant difference, patients with malignancy or torsion were identified in the symptomatic group. This suggests no benefit from routine imaging, and supports symptomatic imaging postoperatively to minimize costs and patient/family burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Knaus
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amy E Lawrence
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amanda J Onwuka
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Naila M Abouelseoud
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lesley L Breech
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Katherine S Brito
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Charlene Dekonenko
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - S Paige Hertweck
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Norton Children's Gynecology, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Helena Y Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Seema Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Diane F Merritt
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Nikki Senapati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yolanda R Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Julie L Strickland
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | - Amber I Truehart
- Section of Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Peter C Minneci
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Geri D Hewitt
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
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17
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Arthur F, Hennessey I, Pizer B, Losty PD. Surgical management and outcomes of paediatric ovarian tumours-a 25-year UK single centre experience. Pediatr Surg Int 2021; 37:1355-1359. [PMID: 34170394 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-021-04950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian neoplasms in children are rare heterogeneous lesions with variable biological behaviour and outcome. We herein report a 25-year experience from a UK specialist centre managing paediatric ovarian tumours. METHODS All female patients requiring operation for ovarian tumours were identified during the study period 1990-2018. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, and management are highlighted. RESULTS Eighty-eight females with 101 ovarian tumours including cases with synchronous and metachronous neoplasms were documented. Mean age at diagnosis was 11.8 years. Tumours were equally distributed in left and right ovary(s). Bilateral disease occurred in 11 (10.8%) patients. Eighty-six (85%) neoplasms were benign and 15 (15%) malignant requiring in addition to surgery chemotherapy and/or radiation. There were no significant difference(s) observed in maximum tumour diameter in benign vs malignant lesions. Only half of malignant tumours had positive tumour markers. Fifteen patients (15%) had ovarian lesions that were metastatic at primary presentation including a rare case of disseminated peritoneal gliomatosis. Surgical management included salpingo-oopherectomy n = 21 (21%), ovary excision n = 33 (33%), 'ovary sparing' tumourectomy n = 34 (34%), and cyto-reductive extirpation in 2 cases (2%). Lymphadenectomy was performed in 9 patients (9%) together with peritoneal fluid cytology in 18 cases (18%) who had abdominal ascites. Omentectomy was required in 14 patients (14%), multiple peritoneal biopsy(s)-in 11 cases (11%) and biopsy of other suspicious involved organs notably bowel, gut mesentery and contralateral ovary in 7 (7%) further patients. Recurrent and metachronous lesions occurred in 10 (10%) cases in those with teratoma (n = 9) and adenocarcinoma(s) (n = 1). Overall patient survival was 97% with only 3 deaths-mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (n = 1), desmoplastic small round cell tumour of ovarian origin (n = 1), and a small cell carcinoma of ovary with hypercalcaemia (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study show an excellent survival (97%) for paediatric ovarian neoplasms. Rare malignant neoplasms though do carry a poor prognosis. In the modern era of care, all efforts should be made to preserve future hormonal health and fertility with 'ovarian sparing' operation(s) where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Arthur
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Iain Hennessey
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Barry Pizer
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.,School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul D Losty
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK. .,School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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18
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Karavadara D, Davidson JR, Story L, Diab Y, Upadhyaya M. Missed opportunities for ovarian salvage in children: an 8-year review of surgically managed ovarian lesions at a tertiary pediatric surgery centre. Pediatr Surg Int 2021; 37:1281-1286. [PMID: 34235545 PMCID: PMC8325645 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-021-04935-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aetiology and management of ovarian pathology in children differs between antenatal and postnatal lesions. However, all lesions may present acutely due to adnexal torsion. In this setting, opportunities to preserve fertility with ovary-sparing surgery (OSS) may be missed. Some studies suggest that pediatric and adolescent gynaecology (PAG) input in care is associated with OSS. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of children undergoing surgery for ovarian pathology at a tertiary pediatric surgery centre over an 8-year period (2011-2018). Patient factors, lesion characteristics and PAG involvement were examined for association with OSS using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Thirty-five patients with ovarian pathology managed surgically were included. Ten were infants with lesions detected antenatally; all were managed by pediatric surgeons (PS) alone at median age 2 weeks (1 day-25 weeks). Twenty-five patients presented postnatally at median age 11 (0.75-15) years. In total, there were 16 cases of adnexal torsion, each managed primarily by PS. Twelve underwent oophorectomy and six (50%) of these cases had viable ovarian tissue on histology. Furthermore, two infants with large simple cysts were similarly managed by unnecessary oophorectomy based on histology. Overall rate of OSS was 46% and PAG involvement was the only factor associated with ovarian salvage. CONCLUSION Differences in surgical management between PAGs and PS may be attributable to the different patient populations they serve. We recommend improving the knowledge of PS trainees in OSS approaches for adnexal torsion and large benign lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Karavadara
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - J R Davidson
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, GOS-UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
- Prenatal Cell and Gene Therapy, EGA-UCL Institute for Women's Health, London, UK.
| | - L Story
- King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Y Diab
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Upadhyaya
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
- King's College London School of Medicine, London, UK.
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Aljohani M, Aljahany M, Elbasheer SY, AboWadaan MB, Kentab O. Premenarchal Adolescent Female Ovarian Torsion: A Case of Delayed Diagnosis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e932245. [PMID: 34393217 PMCID: PMC8378778 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.932245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 11-year-old
Final Diagnosis: Ovarian
Symptoms: Abdomenal • pain
Medication: —
Clinical Procedure: —
Specialty: Surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Aljohani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muna Aljahany
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Yousif Elbasheer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Bandar AboWadaan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Kentab
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Zhang B, Zhang L, Meng G. Clinical analysis of 52 adolescent patients with ovarian masses ≥10 cm in diameter. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211032781. [PMID: 34340578 PMCID: PMC8358513 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211032781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment of large ovarian masses in adolescents. Methods Adolescents with large ovarian masses (≥10 cm in diameter) who were treated in Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from March 2010 to December 2018 were retrospectively assessed. Results Fifty-two female patients (mean age: 16.17±2.04 years [11–19 years]) were included and 19 (36.5%) presented with abdominal pain. The blood flow signal rate in ultrasonography was significantly different among benign, borderline and malignant ovarian masses, unlike strong echo, dotted echo and septation rates. Carbohydrate antigen 125 positivity rates were significantly different among pathological types and the endometriotic cyst group showed the highest value (75.0%). Alpha-fetoprotein positivity rates were also different among pathological types. For ovarian cystectomy, 14 and 32 patients underwent laparotomy and laparoscopy, respectively. Mass diameters were significantly higher in the laparotomy group and the operative duration was significantly shorter in the laparoscopy group. There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss or postoperative recurrence rates between the two groups. Conclusion Teratomas constitute the greatest group of large ovarian masses in adolescents. Benign tumors should be treated by laparoscopic resection, while borderline or malignant tumors require individualized treatment of tumors and fertility-sparing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Department of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Xac MC, Jetelina KK, Jarin J, Wilson E. Benign, Borderline, and Malignant Pediatric Adnexal Masses: A 10-Year Review. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021; 34:454-461. [PMID: 33453397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence, clinical features, tumor markers, radiologic findings, types of surgeries, and histologies for adnexal masses in female pediatric and adolescent patients. DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Children's Health in Dallas and Plano, Texas from 2009 to 2018. PARTICIPANTS Female patients younger than 19 years old who underwent surgical management of an adnexal mass. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Imaging characteristics, tumor markers, surgical procedures, and histopathology. RESULTS In total, 752 patients (mean age, 13.7 years) underwent 756 surgical procedures for 781 adnexal masses. Of these, 732/781 (93.7%) were benign, 7/781 (0.9%) were borderline, and 42/781 (5.4%) were malignant. Of all 781 masses, 520/781 (66.6%) were ovarian and 261/781 (33.4%) were paratubal or tubal. Benign masses were associated with Hispanic race, pain, simple or cystic characteristics on imaging, and negative tumor markers. Borderline and malignant masses were associated with white race, pain, mass or distension, larger size, and heterogeneous appearance on imaging. Borderline masses were associated with negative tumor markers. Malignant masses were associated with elevated alpha fetoprotein, beta human chorionic gonadotropin, cancer antigen 125, and lactate dehydrogenase. CONCLUSION Most adnexal masses in the pediatric and adolescent population are benign. Benign masses were significantly smaller, more likely to have negative tumor markers, and appear simple or cystic. There is little standardization with respect to preoperative tumor markers for adnexal masses. High-yield tumor markers for malignancy include alpha fetoprotein, beta human chorionic gonadotropin, cancer antigen 125, and lactate dehydrogenase. Low-yield tumor markers include inhibin A and B. Gynecologists performed more fertility-preserving surgeries including mini-laparotomies and fewer laparotomies for benign masses than pediatric surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- May C Xac
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
| | - Katelyn K Jetelina
- Children's Health, Dallas, Plano, Texas; Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, Houston, Texas; Department of Data and Population Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jason Jarin
- Children's Health, Dallas, Plano, Texas; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ellen Wilson
- Children's Health, Dallas, Plano, Texas; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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Anton-Păduraru DT, Miron IC, Lupu VV, Lupu A, Hanganu E. Ovarian teratoma in a teenager causing ureterohydronephrosis: Case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26472. [PMID: 34232179 PMCID: PMC8270627 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Teratomas are solid tumors that may occur in both gonadal and extragonadal locations, depending on the age of the child. Benign cystic teratomas are relatively common tumors among women of reproductive age, but they can occur at any age. The clinical presentation is not specific. They can be found incidentally when patients are investigated for other conditions or they can present as emergencies when the ovarian teratoma is torsioned or ruptured. PATIENT CONCERNS We present the case of a 17-year-old adolescent girl that was seen in our emergency department on several occasions for recurrent episodes of abdominal pain ongoing for 6 months. DIAGNOSIS An ultrasonography (US) was performed as an outpatient and a left ovarian mass was found along with right ureterohydronephrosis (UHN). Further assessment of the mass was done by abdominal and pelvic CT and tumoral markers. CT appearance was more suggestive of a teratoma. INTERVENTIONS She underwent laparotomy with complete excision of the tumor. OUTCOME The patient had an uneventful recovery. A renal US follow up showed reduction of the dilatation, demonstrating that the condition was secondary to tumor compression. LESSONS In a teenager with nonspecific symptoms, a high suspicion index for tumors is mandatory. An early diagnosis and management avoid complications like UHN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elena Hanganu
- Discipline of Rehabilitation in Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, Iasi, Romania
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Nissen M, Sander V, Rogge P, Alrefai M, Tröbs RB. Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio Might Predict Pediatric Ovarian Torsion: A Single-Institution Experience and Review of the Literature. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021; 34:334-340. [PMID: 33316415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine clinical and laboratory characteristics of ovarian torsion (OT; n = 28) compared with a non-OT control (OC; n = 64) group. DESIGN Retrospective single-center review performed between January 2006 and December 2016. SETTING Academic department of pediatric surgery. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS Postoperative diagnosis of pediatric ovarian pathology (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code N83) in 88 patients who underwent 92 surgeries for suspected OT, aged from 3 days to 17.8 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Predictive value for OT according to biometric, procedural, and laboratory parameters at the time of admission. RESULTS Compared with OC, OT in patients aged older than 1 year was associated with elevated values regarding white blood cell count, neutrophils, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR; all P < .001), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR; P = .003), platelets (P = .011), and a trend toward raised C-reactive protein (P = .054), whereas lymphocytes and lymphocyte to C-reactive protein ratio (both P < .001) were decreased. Using receiver operating characteristic analysis for differentiating OC from OT, besides lymphocytes and NLR (both area under the curve > 0.9), PLR elicited strongest discriminatory accuracy (area under the curve = 0.946 ± 0.037; P < .001; sensitivity 82%; specificity 90%). At binary logistic regression analysis PLR (P = .018) was independently predictive of OT. OT was suspected on ultrasound imaging in 15/18 (83%), showed a right-sided dominance in 13/18 (72%), and was associated with younger age (P = .003). No differences regarding laboratory or procedural parameters in patients aged younger than 1 year were discerned. CONCLUSION Blood count indices such as PLR, NLR, and lymphocyte to C-reactive protein ratio might be helpful in identification of inflammatory processes as induced by ischemia in OT. Together with ultrasound and clinical features, these parameters constitute potential predictors of OT in girls aged older than 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Nissen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Marienhospital, St Elisabeth Group, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Witten, Germany.
| | - Volker Sander
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Marienhospital, St Elisabeth Group, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Witten, Germany
| | - Phillip Rogge
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Marienhospital, St Elisabeth Group, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Witten, Germany
| | - Mohamad Alrefai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Marienhospital, St Elisabeth Group, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Witten, Germany
| | - Ralf-Bodo Tröbs
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, St Johannes Hospital, Helios Group, Duisburg, Germany
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Fujishima A, Kumazawa Y, Togashi K, Shirasawa H, Sato W, Terada Y. A case of ovarian mucinous cystadenoma in a child that recurred 1 year after surgery. Int J Surg Case Rep 2021; 83:106006. [PMID: 34049175 PMCID: PMC8167279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance In children, mature cystic teratomas are the most common ovarian tumors. Mucinous cystadenomas are rarely seen. Further, the recurrence of mucinous cystadenomas is very rare. This report describes a case of ovarian mucous cystadenoma in an adolescent that recurred 1 year after surgery. Case presentation A 13-year-old patient, with a sizable ovarian tumor underwent laparoscopic-assisted cystectomy. On histopathology, the tumor was diagnosed to be an ovarian mucinous cystadenoma. The mucinous cystadenoma recurred 13 months after surgery and subsequently laparoscopic right adnexectomy was performed. Clinical discussion It has been reported that intraoperative cyst rupture and cystectomy instead of adnexectomy are risk factors for mucinous cystadenoma recurrence. Close follow-up is required for post-cystectomy patients because of the possibility of recurrence. Conclusion The risk of recurrence and the preservation of fertility should be carefully considered when deciding on treatment in young patients with a mucinous cystadenoma. Mucinous cystadenomas are uncommon in children and their recurrence is very rare. Patients undergoing cystectomy should be carefully followed up for recurrence. The risk of recurrence is a key factor when deciding on treatment. The preservation of fertility should be considered when treating younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Fujishima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
| | - Yukiyo Kumazawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazue Togashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Shirasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Wataru Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Terada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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Bergamini A, Ferrandina G, Candotti G, Taccagni G, Scarfone G, Bocciolone L, Cassani C, Marinaccio M, Pignata S, Candiani M, Mangili G. Stage I juvenile granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: A multicentre analysis from the MITO-9 study. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 47:1705-1709. [PMID: 33583630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Juvenile type granulosa cell tumor (JGCTs) are extremely rare, mainly diagnosed in young women and pre-pubertal girls at stage I disease. Literature is scanty and guidelines regarding the optimal management are still controversial. The aim of this study is to add on the experience of the MITO group (Multicenter Italian Trials in Ovarian Cancer). METHODS Clinicopathological data from patients with stage I JGCTs were retrospectively collected. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the patient population. Clinicopathological features and treatment variables were evaluated for association with relapse. RESULTS Seventeen patients were identified. Surgical approach was laparoscopic and open for 7 (41%) and 10 (59%) patients, respectively. Fertility sparing surgery (FSS) was performed in 15 patients (88%): unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (USO) in 11 patients, cystectomy with subsequent USO in 2 patients and cystectomy alone in the remaining 2. Adjuvant chemotherapy was given in 2 cases. After a median follow up time of 80 months, no recurrences were registered. CONCLUSIONS Given the available data, minimally invasive surgery is safe in stage I JGCTs. Because of the good prognosis and of the young age of patients, FSS can be chosen in most of the cases. The role of cystectomy deserves further validation. The need of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage I disease is still unclear, even if available data does not seem to support treatment over surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bergamini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Ferrandina
- Dipartimento per La Salute della Donna e del Bambino e della Salute Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Ginecologia e Ostetricia, Roma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Candotti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Taccagni
- Department of Surgical Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Scarfone
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Neonatology, University of Milan, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bocciolone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Cassani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Foundation Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Marinaccio
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Human Oncological Science (DIMO), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sandro Pignata
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Candiani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mangili
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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26
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Vatta F, Gazzaneo M, Bertozzi M, Raffaele A, Avolio L, Riccipetitoni G. Robotics-Assisted Pediatric Oncology Surgery-A Preliminary Single-Center Report and a Systematic Review of Published Studies. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:780830. [PMID: 35118030 PMCID: PMC8805994 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.780830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The use of robotics-assisted surgery in oncology has been proved effective and safe in adults. Despite these results, the use of robotics has been rarely reported for pediatric oncology. Our review aims to evaluate the safety and feasibility of robotics-assisted surgery in this field, analyzing our experience and performing a systematic review of the most recent studies. METHODS We reviewed all patients affected by an oncological disease who underwent a robotics-assisted procedure at our institute. We performed a systematic review of the literature from 2012 to 2021 on the subjects. FINDINGS A total of 14 patients underwent robotics-assisted tumor resection. Eleven procedures (median age 13.2-years old) were carried out in children with adnexal lesions (seven tumor excision and four ovariectomies). Histological diagnosis was mature teratoma (six), serous papillary cystadenofibromas of the fallopian tube (two), ovarian serous cystadenoma (one), ovarian mucinous cystadenoma (one), and ovarian seromucinous cystadenoma. The median length of stay was 2 days. No recurrences or complications at a median follow-up of 2.1-years were observed. A 5-year-old girl underwent a complete posterior resection of a type 3 sacrococcygeal tumor with a robotics-assisted approach for the dissection of a possible intraabdominal residual component of the lesion. No intra- and postoperative complications were recorded. Complete excision of a recurrent differentiating neuroblastoma of the left para-renal region was performed on a 9-year-old girl. An idiopathic anaphylactic shock occurred 1 day after the procedure. At 9 months' follow-up, no local recurrences of the lesion were observed. Overall, we reported no conversion to open surgery. Lastly, a robotic excision of a growing left superior mediastinal intermixed ganglioneuroblastoma was performed on an 8-year-old girl with no postoperative complications. Follow-up was uneventful (7 months). In the literature, the rate of complications ranges from 0 to 28%, mainly related to difficult dissection and impaired anatomy. Conversion is reported in 5% of all oncological procedures, due to more invading tumors and altered anatomical features. No robotics-related complications were reported. CONCLUSION Robotics-assisted surgery in pediatric oncology has proven to be feasible. Nevertheless, its use should be limited to selected cases and performed by highly trained oncological surgeons. Preparation and patient positioning, alongside a correct port placement, are crucial to carrying out these procedures. Further innovations in robotics may allow a wider application of this technology in pediatric oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Vatta
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Gazzaneo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mirko Bertozzi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Raffaele
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luigi Avolio
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the restricted space of the peritoneal cavity and the easy mobility of abdominal and pelvic organs in infants and neonates, the boundary of minimally invasive surgery was extended to complete the operation outside the abdomen. The objective of this study was to report our experience with transumbilical laparoscopic-assisted surgery (TULS) in different abdominal pathologies in infants and neonates. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 59 patients who underwent TULS from 2014 to 2020. The study outcomes were the conversion to open approach, length of hospital stay and post-operative complications. RESULTS The most common indications were explorations for intra-abdominal testes (n = 15) and inguinal herniorrhaphy (n = 13). Patients who had surgery for pyloric stenosis were younger (1.03 ± 0.25 months). The average operative time was 45.9 ± 18.39 min. The longest operative time was reported with surgery for liver cysts (94.5 ± 10.6 min). Oral intake was started after 48-56 h in patients who had excision of duplication cysts. The average post-operative hospital stay was 2.6 ± 1.52 days. No major complications were reported. Wound infection occurred in one patient with a duplication cyst. Three patients were converted to open repair (5.1%) and no late complications were reported during the mean follow-up time of 11.2 ± 5.1 months. CONCLUSIONS The transumbilical approach is a safe alternative method to laparotomy in several abdominal pathologies in infants and neonates. It has a short operative time and hospital stay. The technique is associated with few complications and conversion rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Abdullah Bawazir
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah; Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Razan Bawazir
- Medical Student, Medical College, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Jeddah, KSA
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The long-term protective effect of hypothermia and gradual detorsion on ovarian tissue in adnexal torsion/detorsion model in rats. J Pediatr Surg 2020; 55:1639-1644. [PMID: 31706613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemia in ovarian torsion and subsequent reperfusion has significant effects on fertility in the long term. The most important reason for these changes is thought to be a reperfusion injury rather than ischemia. We aimed to evaluate whether the reperfusion injury following ovarian detorsion could be reduced by hypothermia and intermittent reperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty adult female rats were divided into five groups as follows: Sham (Sh) (n = 8), torsion detorsion (control TD) (n = 8), progressive reperfusion "gradual detorsion" (GD) (n = 8), hypothermia (H) (n = 8) and the progressive reperfusion + hypothermia (GD + H) (n = 8). In all rats, except for the Sh group, the left ovary was rotated counter clockwise 1080° and fixed to the abdominal wall by three 5-0 non-absorbable sutures followed by the closure of the laparotomy. After 30 h, reperfusion was achieved following the detorsion of the ovaries. In both the control TD and H groups, the torsed ovaries were detorsed. H group, however, was subjected to hypothermia with ice packs 30 min before and during the detorsion. Tissue temperature was kept constant at 4 °C, controlled by a digital thermometer. In the GD group, the torsed ovary and pedicle were detorsed by 360°, followed by a 5 min pause. This procedure was repeated twice until a complete detorsion was achieved. GD + H group underwent hypothermia with ice packs 30 min before the procedure and the torsed ovary and pedicle were detorsed by 360°. After a 5 min pause, we repeated this process twice to provide full detorsion. The tissue temperature was constantly held at 4 °C. In the hypothermia groups, we applied hypothermia for an additional 30 min after detorsion and then left the rats at normal body temperature during reperfusion. We followed the rats in all groups for 60 days. Then we excised the left ovaries of all rats through laparotomy and spared some of the ovaries for biochemical and pathological examination. Intracardiac blood was taken at the end of the procedure and it was sent to the biochemical laboratory to assess oxidative stress markers. Finally, all the animals were sacrificed with high-dose of anesthesia. RESULTS Evaluation of the results revealed that oxidative stress markers were significantly lower, and antioxidant parameters were higher in the experimental groups compared with the control TD group (p < 0.05). Histopathologically, we found that tissues were preserved in GD, H, GD + H groups (p < 0.05). When we compared the groups among each other, both biochemical and histopathological values in GD + H group showed that the tissue was preserved from oxidative damage, albeit the difference did not reach a level of significance. DISCUSSION Several studies have shown that both hypothermia and intermittent reperfusion protect tissue from IR damage in the early period. However, as far as we know there is no study on long-term outcomes of both practices. Our study showed that both hypothermia and intermittent reperfusion alone protect tissue from IR damage in the long term. However, it did not show the superiority of the combination of both methods compared to that of individual application. The advantages of these methods lie in their easy application and cost-effectiveness. We believe that our study will serve as a base for future studies on the subject.
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Sakai S, Nomura K, Tomida M, Hayashi K, Tsutsuno T, Mizushima H, Mitani Y. Strangulated ileus due to an ovarian cyst in a neonate. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2020.101531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
An adolescent female patient presented to the emergency department with diffuse, severe lower abdominal pain and vomiting. The initial suspected diagnosis was appendicitis. Point-of-care ultrasound did not visualize the appendix but demonstrated a suspected left ovarian torsion, which was confirmed by radiology-performed ultrasound. The clinical presentation, in combination with images obtained via point-of-care ultrasound, helped to expedite gynecology consultation and immediate surgery.
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Raźnikiewicz A, Korlacki W, Grabowski A. Evaluation of the usefulness of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of adnexal pathologies in the pediatric population. Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne 2020; 15:366-376. [PMID: 32489499 PMCID: PMC7233164 DOI: 10.5114/wiitm.2020.93998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current trend in adnexal surgery in children is to minimize the invasiveness of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, reduce the number of complications and reduce the risk of infertility. AIM Evaluation of the usefulness and effectiveness of laparoscopy in diagnostics and treatment of pathological lesions of adnexa in the pediatric population and evaluation of the correlation of imaging with the intraoperative diagnosis during laparoscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 89 patients aged 0-18 years (mean: 12.62) who underwent an emergency or elective laparoscopic procedure due to the suspicion of adnexa pathology in the imaging tests or in which intraoperative pathology of the adnexa was found without previous suspicion of these changes in the imaging tests. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the procedure (emergency or elective) and into 4 age groups. RESULTS The most frequent postoperative diagnosis was an adnexal cyst and ovarian tumor. The ratio of malignant to benign lesions was 0.087. In 32.58% of patients appendix pathology was found. Coexistence of adnexa and appendix pathology was statistically significantly more frequent in patients undergoing emergency surgery (p = 0.013). There was no correlation between the size of the tumor or ovarian cyst and the occurrence of adnexal torsion, and no correlation between the size of the tumor and the degree of torsion of the adnexa. Three conversions were performed. The average operation time was 63.7 min. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment of adnexal pathology seems to be safe due to the low percentage of perioperative complications. It shows high sensitivity in recognizing adnexal pathologies and other defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Raźnikiewicz
- Department of Children's Developmental Defects Surgery and Traumatology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wojciech Korlacki
- Department of Children's Developmental Defects Surgery and Traumatology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grabowski
- Department of Children's Developmental Defects Surgery and Traumatology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
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Winton C, Yamoah K. Ovarian torsion and laparoscopy in the paediatric and adolescent population. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:e232610. [PMID: 32404320 PMCID: PMC7228144 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-232610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-year-old girl attended the emergency department with right-sided abdominal pain and vomiting. Due to history and following examination, an ultrasound was requested which demonstrated a large complex midline mass. The most likely diagnosis was ovarian torsion, for which the patient underwent laparoscopy, detorsion and ovarian cystectomy. Histology revealed a mature cystic teratoma. Although less common than in the adult population, it is important to consider ovarian torsion in children and adolescents. Presentation is usually with pain accompanied by vomiting and fever, although these symptoms are not always present. Current management is organ-sparing, with laparoscopy±cystectomy. We discuss the adaptations for this procedure with regard to the paediatric and adolescent population. Differences in the anatomy and physiology must lead to consideration for alterations in surgical technique and positioning to ensure the safest and best quality care for these young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Winton
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield, UK
| | - Kofi Yamoah
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield, UK
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Guillén G, Martín-Giménez MP, López-Fernández S, Molino JA, López M. Results of Ovarian Sparing Surgery in Pediatric Patients: Is There a Place for Laparoscopy? J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2020; 30:458-463. [PMID: 32013689 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2019.0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Laparoscopy is widely accepted for the surgical treatment of benign ovarian lesions in adult women, with results similar to an open approach when spillage is avoided by different means such as endobag retrieval. This approach is controversial in children. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study (2009-2018) of all pediatric ovarian tumors with histological confirmation treated in a tertiary center. Data regarding preoperative selection criteria, surgical technique, and follow-up were registered. Laparoscopy was used only in tumors without malignant features and whose size allowed retrieving them through a small incision without morcellating. Emphasis was set in ovarian sparing surgery (OSS), comparing the results of open (OP) and laparoscopic (LPC) approach. Results: During the study period, 48 suspicious lesions in 45 patients were operated. Thirty cases (32 tumors) showed benign features (10 cystadenomas, 14 mature teratomas, 6 nontumor lesions); treatment consisted in oophorectomy in 13 (OP 6, LPC 7) and OSS in 17 (OP 5, LPC 12). There was one conversion in the LPC group. Mean follow-up was 3.44 years (range 0.03-8.84), based on annual ultrasound (US) and tumor markers during at least 5 years, recommending a lifetime follow-up by a gynecologist. There was only one relapse in a laparoscopically enucleated cystadenoma, and 2 patients developed contralateral metacronous teratomas. No procedure-related complications happened. Conclusions: Our series, although small and with a limited follow-up, suggest that laparoscopy could be an option of treatment in a subset of highly selected patients, although laparotomy remains the gold standard approach if malignancy is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Guillén
- Pediatric Surgical Oncology Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sergio López-Fernández
- Pediatric Surgical Oncology Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Andrés Molino
- Pediatric Surgical Oncology Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel López
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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Vázquez Rueda F, Murcia Pascual FJ, Siu Uribe A, Ortega Salas RM, Escassi Gil Á, Garrido Pérez JI, Paredes Esteban RM. Analysis of solid ovarian tumours in a Spanish paediatric population. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Peeraully R, Henderson K, Fairbrother K, Patel R, Fraser N, Shenoy M, Williams A. Effect of Surgical Specialty on Management of Adnexal Masses in Children and Adolescents: An 8-Year Single-Center Review. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2020; 33:89-92. [PMID: 31254617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Children with adnexal masses might be managed by pediatric surgeons, urologists or gynecologists, with the potential for different management strategies between specialties. In this study we compared ovarian conservation rates and surgical approach for adnexal masses in children and adolescents managed either by pediatric surgeons/urologists or gynecologists at a tertiary care institution. DESIGN Retrospective cohort review. SETTING Tertiary pediatric and adult university hospital. PARTICIPANTS Patients younger than 18 years of age with an adnexal mass managed surgically with removal of histologically confirmed ovarian or fallopian tube tissue from 2008 to 2015. INTERVENTIONS Laparoscopic or open procedure for adnexal mass. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was rate of ovarian conservation relative to surgical specialty. The secondary outcome was surgical approach relative to surgical specialty. RESULTS Forty-eight patients underwent surgery for adnexal masses; 26 (54%) under pediatric surgery/urology and 22 (46%) under gynecology care. Laparoscopy was performed in 5 (19%) pediatric and 19 (86%) gynecology cases (P = .000006). Of 24 patients older than 12 years of age with a benign tumor, 10 (42%) underwent procedures resulting in loss of an ovary with or without fallopian tube; 8 of these (80%) were under pediatric care. Of the remaining 14 (58%) who underwent ovarian conserving surgery, 12 (80%) were under gynecology care (P = .0027). CONCLUSION Patients with a benign tumor were significantly more likely to undergo ovary-preserving surgery under gynecology care than under pediatric surgery/urology care. A multidisciplinary team approach involving gynecology and pediatric surgical specialties would be valuable in assessing the merits of ablative or conservative surgery in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyad Peeraully
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina Henderson
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Fairbrother
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ramnik Patel
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nia Fraser
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Manoj Shenoy
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alun Williams
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Nottingham Children's Hospital, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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36
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Elgendy A, Lakshminarayanan B, Elrouby A, Mostafa M, Salem MA, Turner K, Khairi A, Squire R, K Shehata SM, Shehata S, Powis M. Management of pediatric benign ovarian tumors in England and Egypt: A comparative study. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2020; 17:33-38. [PMID: 33106451 PMCID: PMC7818669 DOI: 10.4103/ajps.ajps_64_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to compare the management of pediatric benign ovarian tumors between an English center and three Egyptian institutions. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective review of all children presenting with benign ovarian tumors between January 2014 and January 2019. A standardized dataset was used to compare between both sides. RESULTS Eighty-nine patients were included (54 English and 35 Egyptians). Median age at diagnosis in England was 13 years (2-16y), while in Egypt it was 7 years (9m-16y) with P =0.001. Mature teratomas or dermoid cysts were the most common findings in England and Egypt; 75.9% and 82.8% of cases, respectively. The presentation with an acute abdomen represented 27.8% of English and 28.6% of Egyptian patients. Incidentally diagnosed lesions constituted 15% of English patients, whereas none of the Egyptian cases were discovered incidentally. There were variations in diagnostic imaging; England: Ultrasound (USS) (54), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (37), and computed tomography (CT) (only one)-Egypt: USS (35), CT (17), and MRI (only one). Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) was performed in 15% of English and 23% of Egyptian patients (P = 0.334). Ovarian-sparing surgery (OSS) was performed in: England 35%, Egypt 37%; P = 0.851. OSS was performed using MIS in 87.5% (7/8) of English patients and 100% (8/8) of Egyptians. Patients presented as emergencies generally had open oophorectomies: England; 86.7% open and 80% oophorectomy-Egypt; 100% open and 90% oophorectomy. Recurrences or metachronous disease occurred in 5.6% of English and 5.7% of Egyptian patients. CONCLUSIONS There were no significant differences regarding surgical management, tumor pathology, and recurrence or metachronous disease. However, age, incidental diagnosis, and imaging modalities showed notable differences. MIS was correlated with ovarian preservation, whereas emergency surgery generally resulted in open oophorectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elgendy
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Department of Surgery, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Elrouby
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mostafa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Kerry Turner
- Department of Pathology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, England, UK
| | - Ahmed Khairi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Roly Squire
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, England, UK
| | | | - Sameh Shehata
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mark Powis
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, England, UK
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Pelizzo G, Nakib G, Calcaterra V. Pediatric and adolescent gynecology: Treatment perspectives in minimally invasive surgery. Pediatr Rep 2019; 11:8029. [PMID: 31871603 PMCID: PMC6908954 DOI: 10.4081/pr.2019.8029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is widely utilized across multiple surgical disciplines, including gynecology. To date, laparoscopy is considered a common surgical modality in children and adolescents to treat gynecological conditions. Robotic surgical devices were developed to circumvent the limitations of laparoscopy and have expanded the surgical armamentarium with better magnification, dexterity enhanced articulating instruments with 5-7 degrees of freedom, and ability to scale motion thus eliminating physiologic tremor. There are well-documented advantages of MIS over laparotomy, including decreased post-operative pain, shorter recovery times, and better cosmetic results. Indications for MIS in pediatric gynecology are reported in this review and technical considerations are described to highlight new treatment perspectives in children and adolescents, which have already been described in the literature regarding adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Pelizzo
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Children's Hospital, ARNASCivico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ghassan Nakib
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mediclinic Middle East, Mediclinic City Hospital Dubai, UAE
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Maternal and Children's Health, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
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38
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How JA, Marino JL, Grover SR, Heloury Y, Sullivan M, Mellor A, McNally O, Jayasinghe Y. Surgically Managed Ovarian Masses at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne -19 Year Experience. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:1913-1920. [PMID: 31160084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To describe the clinicopathological characteristics and management of surgically removed ovarian masses at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne from 1993 to 2012. METHODS Medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Data regarding clinical findings, imaging and surgical management were evaluated. RESULTS There were 266 ovarian masses found in 258 surgeries (eight had bilateral masses). Most were benign (246/266, 92.5%), 2.3% (6/266) were borderline, and 5.3% (14/266) were malignant. The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain for benign masses (169/246, 68.7%), and a palpable mass for borderline and malignant masses (12/20, 60.0%). Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound for detection of malignancy was 64.7% and 52.9% respectively. Ovarian torsion occurred in 22.1% (n=57), none with malignancy, with seven cases diagnosed under one year of age. Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound for ovarian torsion was 22.0% and 91.9%, respectively. The proportion undergoing ovarian cystectomy rather than oophorectomy has increased from 56.3% during 1993-1997 to 93.8% during 2008-2012 (p<0.005). Ovarian torsion was managed with ovarian conservation in 82.6% of cases between 2008-2012. CONCLUSION The majority of pediatric and adolescent ovarian masses were benign. Sensitivity of ultrasound was fair for detection of malignancy, and poor for ovarian torsion. Conservative surgeries are increasingly common. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV - case series with no comparison group TYPE OF STUDY: Retrospective Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A How
- Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - J L Marino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Women's Hospital, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - S R Grover
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecology, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Y Heloury
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Sullivan
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Mellor
- Mater Adolescent and Young Adult Health Centre, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - O McNally
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Y Jayasinghe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Women's Hospital, 20 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecology, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Ripatti L, Taskinen M, Koivusalo A, Taskinen S. Surgically treated ovarian lesions in preadolescent girls. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2019; 99:105-111. [PMID: 31449329 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and characteristics of surgically treated ovarian lesions in preadolescent girls. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study including all 0- to 11-year-old girls operated at a single center from 1999 to 2016 for ovarian cysts, neoplasms or torsions. Patient charts were reviewed for symptoms, preoperative radiological imaging, operative details and histopathology. RESULTS We identified 78 girls, resulting in a population-based incidence of 4.2/100 000. Infants (n = 44) presented with benign cysts (42/44, 95%, one bilateral), a benign neoplasm (1/44, 2%) and a torsion without other pathology (1/44, 2%). Torsion was found in 25/29 (86%) ovaries with complex cysts and in 3/15 (21%) ovaries with simple cysts in preoperative imaging (P < 0.001). Most infants were symptomless. Lesions in 1- to 11-year-old girls (n = 34) included benign neoplasms (n = 21/34, 62%), malignant neoplasms (n = 5/34, 15%), a cyst with torsion (n = 1/34, 3%) and torsions without other pathology (n = 7/34, 21%). Torsion was more common in benign (17/21, 81%) than in malignant neoplasms (1/5, 20%) (P < 0.020). Ovarian diameter did not differ between ovaries with or without torsion (P = 0.238) or between benign and malignant neoplasms (P = 0.293). The duration of symptoms in lesions with or without torsion was similar. CONCLUSIONS The majority of surgically treated ovarian lesions in preadolescent are benign lesions with torsion. Surgery should be ovary-preserving and performed without delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisi Ripatti
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Taskinen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Koivusalo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Taskinen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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40
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Lawrence AE, Gonzalez DO, Fallat ME, Aldrink JH, Hewitt GD, Hertweck SP, Onwuka A, Bence C, Burns RC, Dillon PA, Ehrlich PF, Fraser JD, Grabowski JE, Hirschl RB, Kabre R, Kohler JE, Lal DR, Landman MP, Leys CM, Mak GZ, Sato TT, Scannell M, Sujka JA, Minneci PC, Deans KJ. Factors Associated With Management of Pediatric Ovarian Neoplasms. Pediatrics 2019; 144:peds.2018-2537. [PMID: 31164439 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available evidence supports ovary-sparing surgery for benign ovarian neoplasms; however, preoperative risk stratification of pediatric ovarian masses can be difficult. Our objective of this study was to characterize the surgical management of pediatric ovarian neoplasms across 10 children's hospitals and to identify factors that could potentially aid in the preoperative risk stratification of these lesions. METHODS A retrospective review of girls and women aged 2 to 21 years who underwent surgery for an ovarian neoplasm between 2010 and 2016 at 10 children's hospitals was performed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between the preoperative cohort characteristics, procedure performed, and risk of malignancy. RESULTS Among 819 girls and women undergoing surgery for an ovarian neoplasm, malignant lesions were identified in 11%. The overall oophorectomy rate for benign disease was 33% (range: 15%-49%) across institutions. Oophorectomy for benign lesions was independently associated with provider specialty (P = .002: adult gynecologist, 45%; pediatric surgeon, 32%; pediatric gynecologist, 18%), premenarchal status (P = .02), preoperative suspicion for malignancy (P < .0001), larger lesion size (P < .0001), and presence of solid components (P < .0001). Preoperative findings independently associated with malignancy included increasing size (P < .0001), solid components (P = .003), and age (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The rate of oophorectomy for benign ovarian disease remains high within the pediatric population. Identification of factors associated with the choice of procedure and the risk of malignancy may allow for improved preoperative risk stratification and fewer unnecessary oophorectomies. These results have been used to develop and validate a multidisciplinary preoperative risk stratification algorithm that is currently being studied prospectively across 10 institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Lawrence
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery and the Research Institute and
| | - Dani O Gonzalez
- Department of Surgery, Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | | | - Jennifer H Aldrink
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery and the Research Institute and
| | - Geri D Hewitt
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - S Paige Hertweck
- Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Norton Children's Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Amanda Onwuka
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery and the Research Institute and
| | - Christina Bence
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Robert C Burns
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Patrick A Dillon
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Peter F Ehrlich
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jason D Fraser
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Julia E Grabowski
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ronald B Hirschl
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rashmi Kabre
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonathan E Kohler
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Dave R Lal
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew P Landman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Charles M Leys
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Grace Z Mak
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, the University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas T Sato
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Madeline Scannell
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Joseph A Sujka
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Peter C Minneci
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery and the Research Institute and
| | - Katherine J Deans
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery and the Research Institute and
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41
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Geimanaite L, Trainavicius K. Pediatric ovarian torsion: Follow- up after preservation of ovarian tissue. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:1453-1456. [PMID: 30851955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the preservation of ovarian tissue in cases of ovarian torsion. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was performed of patients treated at our hospital for ovarian torsion from January 2007 to December 2017. This research does not include patients with antenatal ovarian torsion and 1 girl with an immature teratoma, in whom the twisted ovary was removed during the initial operation. Follow-up ultrasonography of all patients was performed after 4-6 weeks and again after more than 12 weeks. Volume, blood flow and folliculogenesis of the ovary were measured and assessed. RESULTS All 42 ovaries (39 patients) preserved their normal anatomy and folliculogenesis after detorsion. All patients had an enlarged ovary at the time of detorsion. In all cases of ovarian torsion, enlargement of the ovary up to an average of 58.14 ± 52.86 (17.37-86.83) ml was detected. After 4-6 weeks, all untwisted ovaries decreased in volume by an average of 9.01 ± 13.69 (2.33-9.30) times, and 59.5% of them became normal in size. In 3 girls, enlarged ovaries were still observed after 12 weeks. Teratoma was diagnosed for these patients and ovarian sparing operations were performed. CONCLUSIONS It is safe to perform detorsion regardless of the level of ischemia or volume of the affected ovary. The follow-up is essential, especially for the further diagnostics of potential pathological structures or tumors; therefore, the normalization of blood flow and the volume of the ovary must be monitored. TYPE OF STUDY Prognosis retrospective study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Geimanaite
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Vilnius, Lithuania; Children's Hospital, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Kestutis Trainavicius
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Vilnius, Lithuania; Children's Hospital, Affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vilnius, Lithuania
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42
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Rialon KL, Akinkuotu A, Fahy AS, Shelmerdine S, Traubici J, Chiu P. Management of ovarian lesions diagnosed during infancy. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:955-958. [PMID: 30795909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior studies of infant ovarian cysts have recommended intervention for those larger than 4 cm. We reviewed the natural history and features of those managed operatively versus nonoperatively. METHODS A retrospective study was performed of ovarian lesions in children <1 year-old from 2000 to 2014. RESULTS Forty patients were identified. Twenty-eight (70%) underwent operative management, while 12 (30%) were managed conservatively, including one undergoing aspiration. The mean age at surgery was 125 days. All but one patient (96%) had evidence of antenatal torsion intraoperatively or on final pathology. All resected lesions were benign. Ultrasound findings more common in those undergoing surgery included intracystic debris (p < 0.001), fluid-fluid or fluid-debris levels (p = 0.002), absence of Doppler flow (p = 0.014), solid components (p = 0.04), and calcifications (p = 0.001). Cysts managed nonoperatively had an average diameter of 2.5 cm, compared to 5.1 cm in the operative group (p < 0.001). Three of the lesions managed nonoperatively had a diameter greater than 3.5 cm (mean 5.1 cm) and were followed for an average of 153 days until resolution. CONCLUSIONS The majority of infant ovarian lesions were excised, although none were malignant. Aspiration or observation of larger cysts was feasible and safe. Ovarian cysts in this age group should be considered for nonoperative management and closely followed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L Rialon
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adesola Akinkuotu
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aodhnait S Fahy
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Shelmerdine
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Traubici
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Priscilla Chiu
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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43
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Pediatric ovarian volumes measured at ultrasound after contralateral unilateral oophorectomy. Pediatr Radiol 2019; 49:632-637. [PMID: 30656406 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-018-04336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes that occur in the remaining ovary after contralateral oophorectomy are not well described. OBJECTIVE To determine average ovarian volume in pediatric patients after contralateral oophorectomy compared to age-matched controls with two normal ovaries. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective review of ultrasound examinations and electronic medical records of patients ages 0-18 years who had unilateral oophorectomy from 2000 to 2017 (n=64). We used 384 consecutive normal age-matched ovaries for comparison, analyzing mean ovarian volumes. RESULTS Higher mean ovarian volume (mL) was observed in patients who had oophorectomy compared to controls in the first decade of life (P<0.003) and second decade of life (P<0.0003). Higher mean ovarian volume was seen in both premenarchal and menstruating patients with prior oophorectomy when compared to controls (P<0.05 and P<0.0001, respectively). When comparing volume during menstrual cycle, we saw higher mean ovarian volumes in the oophorectomy group compared to the control group for the follicular (P<0.0001), pre-ovulatory (P=0.0005) and luteal phases (P<0.0003). We provide an updated reference of normal ovarian volumes for pediatric patients, with values similar to those already reported in the literature. CONCLUSION Ovarian volume is higher in pediatric patients with one normal ovary following contralateral oophorectomy. The provided normative volumes can be used in evaluating these patients.
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Vázquez Rueda F, Murcia Pascual FJ, Siu Uribe A, Ortega Salas RM, Escassi Gil Á, Garrido Pérez JI, Paredes Esteban RM. [Analysis of solid ovarian tumours in a Spanish paediatric population]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2019; 92:88-93. [PMID: 30975583 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Ovarian tumours are rare in childhood, and account for 1-5% of all tumours. The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiological features, histological subtypes, and therapeutic management of ovarian solid ovarian tumours of the paediatric population of the province of Cordoba, in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective, descriptive, observational and institutional study was conducted in which a review was made of the clinical histories of patients younger than 14years-old diagnosed with ovarian tumours, excluding secondary tumours in a University Hospital between 1994 and 2017. A review was carried out on the age, clinical presentation, laterality, diagnostic methodology, treatment, histopathology, and evolution of these tumours. RESULTS A total of 37 ovarian tumours were reviewed in 31 patients, 6 of them being bilateral. The mean age was 10.3 (0-14) years, with 58% presenting as a palpable mass. There was no predominance of laterality. The tumour markers were negative. Conservative surgery was performed in 29.7% and adnexectomy in 70.3%. Only one case required post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy treatment (stageI immature teratoma with peritoneal gliomatosis). The histological study shows a predominance of germ cell tumours (65%) against those of epithelial lineage (22%). There were 3 stromal tumours that corresponded to fibroma (Gorlin syndrome), and bilateral gonadoblastoma associated with Frasier syndrome. The most frequent type of tumour was mature cystic teratoma (35.1%). There were no complications in the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Given that most childhood ovarian tumours are benign, conservative surgery is considered as the first choice, being even more important in bilateral tumours. If there is a family history, it is essential to carry out molecular genetic studies, to rule out associated syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vázquez Rueda
- UGC Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Córdoba; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, España.
| | | | - Ariadna Siu Uribe
- UGC Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España
| | | | - Álvaro Escassi Gil
- UGC Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España
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Mărginean CO, Mărginean C, Chinceşan M, Mărginean MO, Meliţ LE, Săsăran V, Mărginean CD. Pediatric ovarian tumors, a challenge for pediatrician and gynecologist: Three case reports (CARE compliant). Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15242. [PMID: 31008957 PMCID: PMC6494269 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Ovarian or adnexal tumors are very rare in patients below the age of 18 years, most of them being functional cysts, only 10% being malignant. We report 3 cases of ovarian tumors with the aim of revealing the particularities regarding the diagnosis and management of benign and malignant ovarian tumors in pediatric patients. PATIENT CONCERNS The 1st case, a 9-year-old girl presented for diffuse abdominal pain, distended abdomen and rapid increase in abdominal volume. The 2nd case describes a 13-year-old female patient admitted for acute abdominal pain and nausea, and the 3rd one was an 18-year-old female teenager who presented for distended abdomen, intermittent diffuse abdominal pain and rapid increase in abdomen volume. DIAGNOSES The abdominal ultrasound revealed in all 3 patients suggestive signs for ovarian tumors. INTERVENTIONS The 1st patient underwent laparotomy with adnexectomy, and the histopathological exam showed the diagnosis of dysgerminoma. The 2nd patient underwent laparoscopy with adnexectomy, and the histopathological exam revealed a borderline tumor. The 3rd patient benefited by a laparotomy with left ovariectomy, and the histopathological exam pointed out a mature teratoma. OUTCOMES The outcome was favorable in all 3 cases, but the patients with dysgerminoma and mature teratoma were further referred to the oncologist for proper assessment. LESSONS Laparoscopy may represent the first choice for uncomplicated ovarian masses. The diagnosis and the therapeutic plan must be based on symptoms, pelvic ultrasound, the time of menarche and the potential serum markers.
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Depoers C, Martin FA, Nyangoh Timoh K, Morcet J, Proisy M, Henno S, Lavoue V, Arnaud AP. A Preoperative Scoring System for Adnexal Mass in Children and Adolescents to Preserve Their Future Fertility. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2019; 32:57-63. [PMID: 30205159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To develop a predictive score for ovarian malignancy to avoid unnecessary adnexectomy in cases of adnexal mass in pediatric and adolescent girls. DESIGN A population-based retrospective study on girls who underwent surgery for an ovarian mass with normal levels of human chorionic gonadotrophin and alpha fetoprotein between 1996 and 2016. SETTING Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France. PARTICIPANTS Eighty-one patients who received surgery for ovarian tumor. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measure was the rate of malignant and borderline tumor. A preoperative scoring system was constructed after multivariate analysis. RESULTS The rate of malignant ovarian tumor was 6/81 (7%), borderline tumor was 7/81 (9%) (ie, outcome measure: 16%), and benign tumor was 84%. In a univariate analysis, the characteristics significantly associated with malignancy were early puberty, palpable mass, size and content of the tumor, and positive epithelial tumor markers (carcinoma antigen 125, carcinoembryonic antigen, and carcinoma antigen 19-9). The predictive malignancy score was on the basis of 2 variables obtained after multivariate analysis: tumor size and cystic content. The score defined 3 groups at risk for malignancy: low risk, middle-risk, and high-risk. The sensitivity for detecting malignancy was 1.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1-18.4), 26.2% (95% CI, 11.6-49.0), and 53.1% (95% CI, 29.1-75.8), respectively. CONCLUSION We set up a simple predictive score of malignancy on the basis of objective criteria to help decision-making on whether or not ovarian-sparing surgery is feasible in case of children and adolescents with ovarian tumors and normal human chorionic gonadotrophin and alpha fetoprotein levels while ensuring oncologic safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flore-Anne Martin
- Service de gynécologie, Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France; Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | - Jeff Morcet
- Centre d'investigation clinique, Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, Rennes, France
| | - Maia Proisy
- Service de radiologie pédiatrique, Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sebastien Henno
- Service d'anatomie pathologique, Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Lavoue
- Service de gynécologie, Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, Rennes, France
| | - Alexis Pierre Arnaud
- Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inra, Inserm, Institut NUMECAN - UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Rennes, France.
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Elgendy A, Shehata S. National survey on current management of ovarian tumors in pediatric age group. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epag.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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48
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Mărginean CO, Mărginean C, Meliţ LE, Săsăran VŞ, Poruţiu M, Mărginean CD. An incidental diagnosis of a giant paraovarian cyst in a female teenager: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13406. [PMID: 30508941 PMCID: PMC6283066 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Paraovarian cysts (PCs) are cystic tumors that can be encountered between the ovarian hilum and the ovarian fimbria located within the mesosalpinx and broad ligament, being usually diagnosed within the 3rd and 4th decade of life. PATIENT CONCERNS We report the case of a 15-year-old female admitted in our clinic for consciousness loss, who was incidentally diagnosed with a giant pelvic cystic at ultrasound. DIAGNOSES The magnetic resonance image showed a cystic mass of 170/140/85 mm, suggesting an origin from the left ovary, reaching the subhepatic area. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES The surgical intervention revealed 3 PCs, a giant one and 2 smaller ones within the large ligament. The cysts were removed by laparoscopic approach, and the histologic examination did not reveal any signs of neoplasia. LESSONS In addition to their rarity, giant PCs can be an incidental diagnosis in patients presenting unrelated symptoms resulting in increased difficulties related to the diagnosis. Moreover, the imagistic tools might not establish precisely the origin of these cysts, and therefore, the final diagnosis and treatment approach could be determined sometimes only during the surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mihai Poruţiu
- Department of Radiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tîrgu Mureş, Gheorghe Marinescu, Romania
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Lam CZ, Chavhan GB. Magnetic resonance imaging of pediatric adnexal masses and mimics. Pediatr Radiol 2018; 48:1291-1306. [PMID: 30078037 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-018-4073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of adnexal masses in children and adolescents relies on imaging for appropriate diagnosis and management. Pelvic MRI is indicated and adds value for all adnexal masses when surgery is considered or when ultrasound findings are indeterminate. Specifically, features on MR imaging can help distinguish between benign and malignant lesions, which not only influences the decision between surgery and conservative treatment, but also the type of surgery to be performed, including potential use of fertility-sparing approaches with minimally invasive techniques. Larger size, younger age, presentation with precocious puberty or virilization, restricted diffusion in a solid mass, and rapid and strong enhancement of solid components are all features concerning for malignancy. In addition, distinctive MR imaging features of adnexal masses, combined with clinical and laboratory biomarkers, might suggest a specific histological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Z Lam
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Govind B Chavhan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
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Buicko JL, Satahoo SS, Rao KA, Sola JE, Neville HL. Disparities in pediatric gonadal torsion: Does gender, race and insurance status affect outcomes? J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53:1392-1395. [PMID: 29606410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ovarian and testicular torsions are emergencies requiring prompt surgical treatment to preserve gonadal function. However, diagnosis in females is often delayed owing to nonspecific symptoms. We sought to assess disparities in management and outcomes between males and females with torsion. METHODS The National Inpatient Sample was queried for pediatric patients with "emergent", "urgent", or "trauma center" admission and ICD-9 codes for ovarian torsion and testicular torsion. Demographic data, operative procedure, gonadal loss, length of stay (LOS), total charges (TC), and mortality were recorded. RESULTS There were 2254 unweighted encounters. The average age was 11.56±5.30years for males and 12.55±3.72years for females (p<0.001). Among males, 90% underwent surgery (p<0.001), of which 40% required orchiectomy. Conversely, 73% of females had surgery (p<0.001), of which 78% had oophorectomy. Subsequent analysis with only patients who underwent surgery showed that insurance status (p=0.012), race (p<0.001), and U.S. region (p<0.001) were significantly different between males and females. Gender specific analyses showed that hospital control, hospital location/teaching status, and treatment year were also significant. As such, these six factors in addition to age and gender were used for propensity score matching (PSM). PSM produced two gender cohorts of 755 encounters each. Females had longer LOS (2.44±1.84days vs. 1.28±2.27days for males, p<0.001) and had higher TC ($20,058.44±13,420.82) compared to males ($12,386.58±12,793.34), p<0.001. Logistic regression revealed that males (OR 0.163 [0.130-0.206]) and older patients (age OR 0.924 [0.903-0.946]) were less likely to undergo gonadal loss. Compared to those with private insurance, those with Medicare/Medicaid were more likely to have gonadal loss (1.401 [1.101-1.783]). CONCLUSION Disparities exist in the management of torsion based on gender. Overall, females had higher charges, had longer hospitalization, and were more likely to have gonadal loss despite current data supporting gonadal preservation for nearly all cases of ovarian torsion. CLINICAL STUDY Level III Evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Buicko
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami, FL.
| | - Shevonne S Satahoo
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami, FL.
| | - Krishnamurti A Rao
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami, FL.
| | - Juan E Sola
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami, FL.
| | - Holly L Neville
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami, FL.
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