1
|
Haginoya S, Thomovsky EJ, Johnson PA, Brooks AC. Clinical Assessment of Primary Hemostasis: A Review. Top Companion Anim Med 2023; 56-57:100818. [PMID: 37673175 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Primary hemostatic disorders such as thrombocytopenia and thrombocytopathia are commonly encountered in small animal practice. The key stages of primary hemostasis include platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation. Understanding the interaction between tissues, platelets, and signaling molecules not only helps clinicians comprehend clot formation but also better recognize thrombocytopathias. Although congenital thrombocytopathia is rare, commercially available platelet function tests allow veterinarians to narrow differentials in many clinical settings. Thrombocytopenia can be easily diagnosed in any clinical setting. In this paper, we review the current understanding of primary hemostasis in veterinary medicine, including the clinical presentation and available diagnostics to identify platelet abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Haginoya
- Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | | | - Paula A Johnson
- Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Aimee C Brooks
- Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kuszynski DS, Christian BD, Bernard MP, Lauver DA. Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Antiplatelet Therapeutics in Rabbits. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e711. [PMID: 36921209 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Hemostasis is a multifactorial process that involves vasoconstriction of blood vessels, activation of the coagulation cascade, and platelet aggregation. Inappropriate activation of hemostatic processes can result in thrombosis and tissue ischemia. In patients at risk for thrombotic events, antiplatelet therapeutic agents inhibit platelet activation, thereby reducing the incidence of pathologic clot formation. Platelets are activated by several endogenous chemical mediators, including adenosine diphosphate, thrombin, and thromboxane. These activation pathways serve as attractive drug targets. The protocols described in this article are designed to evaluate the preclinical efficacy and safety of novel antiplatelet therapeutics in rabbits. Here, we provide two protocols for blood collection, two for determining platelet activation, and one for assessing bleeding safety. Together, these protocols can be used to characterize the efficacy and safety of antiplatelet agents for hemostasis. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Blood collection via the central ear artery Alternative Protocol 1: Blood collection via the jugular vein Basic Protocol 2: Platelet aggregation assessment via light transmission aggregometry Alternative Protocol 2: Platelet activation assessment via flow cytometry Basic Protocol 3: Determination of tongue bleeding time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn S Kuszynski
- Therapeutic Systems Research Laboratories, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Barbara D Christian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Matthew P Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - D Adam Lauver
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yankin I, Carver AM, Koenigshof AM. The use of impedance aggregometry to evaluate platelet function after the administration of DDAVP in healthy dogs treated with aspirin or clopidogrel. Am J Vet Res 2021; 82:823-828. [PMID: 34554870 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.82.10.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of 1-Desamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP; desmopressin acetate) on platelet aggregation in healthy dogs receiving aspirin or clopidogrel. ANIMALS 7 healthy staff-owned dogs. PROCEDURES In this randomized double-blinded crossover study, impedance aggregometry was performed on samples of lithium-heparinized whole blood samples from dogs before (T0) treatment with aspirin (1 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h for 4 days; ASP group) or clopidogrel (1 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h for 4 days; CLP group) and then before (T1) and after (T2) treatment with DDAVP (0.3 μg/kg, IV, once). There was a 14-day washout period before the crossover component. Aggregometry was performed with 4 different assays, each of which involved a different agonist reagent to stimulate platelet function: ADP, thrombin receptor activating peptide-6, arachidonic acid, or collagen type 1. RESULTS Median results for platelet aggregometry with agonist reagents ADP, arachidonic acid, or thrombin receptor activating peptide-6 significantly decreased between T0 and T1 for the CLP group; however, no meaningful difference in platelet aggregation was detected in the ASP group. Results for platelet aggregometry did not differ substantially between T1 and T2 regardless of treatment group or assay. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings suggested that administration of DDAVP may have no effect on platelet aggregation (measured with platelet aggregometry) in healthy dogs treated with clopidogrel. Because no inhibition of platelet aggregation was detected for dogs in the ASP group, no conclusion could be made regarding the effects of DDAVP administered to dogs treated with aspirin.
Collapse
|
4
|
Gant P, McBride D, Humm K. Abnormal platelet activity in dogs and cats - impact and measurement. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:3-18. [PMID: 31919851 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal platelet activity can either lead to bleeding tendencies or inappropriate thrombus formation and can occur secondarily to a wide variety of disease processes, with a range of clinical consequences and severity. This article will discuss the pathophysiology of platelet function abnormalities and consider a logical diagnostic approach applicable to veterinary practice. Recent advances in platelet function testing will then be discussed, with regards to detection of platelet dysfunction and tailoring of pharmacological manipulation. Although many of these tests are still confined to research or academic institutions, techniques for indirectly assessing platelet function are starting to become more widely available. Although we still require further research to develop guidelines for the use of these tests in clinical decision-making, the recent advances in this field are an exciting step forward in being able to detect and manage platelet dysfunction in both primary care and referral practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Gant
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals (QMHA), The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - D McBride
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals (QMHA), The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - K Humm
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals (QMHA), The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
McBride D, Jepson RE, Cortellini S, Chan DL. Primary hemostatic function in dogs with acute kidney injury. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:2029-2036. [PMID: 31381195 PMCID: PMC6766483 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bleeding tendencies can occur with uremia. OBJECTIVES To characterize primary hemostatic function in dogs with acute kidney injury (AKI). ANIMALS Ten dogs with International Renal Interest Society AKI grade III or above and 10 healthy controls. METHODS Prospective study comparing PCV, platelet count, platelet aggregometry (Multiplate), and von Willebrand factor antigen to collagen binding activity ratio (vWF:Ag:vWF:CBA) in 2 groups of dogs (AKI group versus controls). Buccal mucosal bleeding time was measured in the AKI group only. Data are presented as median [25th, 75th percentile] unless otherwise stated. Significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS Mean PCV was significantly lower in the AKI (34.7%; ±SD, 8.8) than in the control (46.1%; ±SD, 3.6; P < .001) group. Platelet count was significantly higher in the AKI (350.5 × 103 /μL [301, 516]) than in the control (241 × 103 /μL [227, 251]; P = .01) group. Collagen-activated platelet aggregometry measured as area under the curve was significantly lower in the AKI (36.9 ± 17.7) than in the control (54.9 ± 11.2; P = .05) group. vWF:Ag:vWF:CBA was significantly higher in the AKI (2.2 [1.9, 2.6]) than in the control (1.1 [1.1, 1.2]; P = .01) group. There was a strong correlation between vWF:Ag:vWF:CBA and creatinine (r = 0.859; P < .001), but no other variables. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Dogs with AKI had decreased collagen-activated platelet aggregation and appear to have a type II von Willebrand disease-like phenotype as indicated by the high vWF:Ag:vWF:CBA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duana McBride
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosanne E Jepson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Cortellini
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel L Chan
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Flores RS, Boudreaux MK, Vasquez B, Bristow P, Aronson LR, Santoro-Beer K, Callan MB. Heterozygosity for P2Y12 receptor gene mutation associated with postoperative hemorrhage in a Greater Swiss Mountain dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2017; 46:569-574. [PMID: 28800150 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A 3-year-old, female Greater Swiss Mountain dog developed a hemoperitoneum following an exploratory laparotomy and ovariohysterectomy. Platelet count, PT, APTT, and plasma von Willebrand factor antigen concentration were within RIs. A buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) was prolonged. Given the probability of a hereditary thrombopathia, the dog was administered desmopressin, fresh platelet transfusions, and aminocaproic acid to control hemorrhage. Subsequently, DNA testing for the P2Y12 receptor gene mutation identified the dog as being a heterozygote (carrier). Further platelet function testing was performed following complete recovery. Results of a repeat BMBT and a point-of-care screening test using the Platelet Function Analyzer-100 (collagen/adenosine-diphosphate [ADP] test cartridge) were within RIs. Flow cytometric studies demonstrated a marked reduction in fibrinogen binding to the dog's platelets in response to ADP - adenosine diphosphate activation. Likewise, turbidimetric aggregometry revealed a complete absence of platelet aggregation in response to ADP. However, there were a normal aggregation response to the platelet agonist convulxin and a mild reduction in amplitude in response to γ-thrombin. This is the first report of a dog heterozygous for the P2Y12 receptor gene mutation exhibiting a bleeding tendency and having evidence of impaired platelet function in vitro in response to ADP activation. Given that the mutant allele for the P2Y12 thrombopathia appears to be widespread in the Greater Swiss Mountain dog breed, veterinarians need to be aware that both homozygotes and heterozygotes for this platelet receptor mutation are at risk of developing life-threatening bleeding following trauma or surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Flores
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary K Boudreaux
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Barbara Vasquez
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Poppy Bristow
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lillian R Aronson
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kari Santoro-Beer
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary Beth Callan
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sundheim LK, Sporastøyl AH, Wester T, Salerud G, Kvernebo K. Acute skin trauma induces hyperemia, but superficial papillary nutritive perfusion remains unchanged. Microcirculation 2017. [PMID: 28632939 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Superficial skin papillary capillaries with blood supply from a superficial vascular plexus and regulated by local metabolic needs supply oxygen and nutrients for epithelial cell proliferation. A deep vascular plexus regulated by autonomous nerves serves body thermoregulation. In healthy volunteers, we assessed circulatory effects of a standardized skin trauma by CAVM, DRS, and LDPM to assess the measuring depth of the three techniques and to describe the acute trauma effects on nutritive and thermoregulatory perfusion. METHODS Volunteers (n=12) were examined at baseline and after induction of a 5.0 mm×1.0 mm incision on the forearm; 30 minutes after the trauma induction, data were collected at 0-1, 2-3 and 30 mm distances. RESULTS LDPM showed hyperemia at 2-3 mm distance (35.8±15.2 a.u.), but not at 30 mm distance (7.4±2.5 a.u.) compared to baseline (8.8±1.8 a.u.). The DRS saturation increased at 2-3 mm (71.2±4.8%), but not at 30 mm (49.8±7.9%) compared to baseline (45.8±7.4%). Capillary density and flow velocities were unaffected at all distances. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that skin nutritive papillary capillary function can be assessed by CAVM and DRS, but not with LDPM because of its dependence of the deep plexus perfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liv Kristin Sundheim
- Circulation Laboratory, Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Norway.,Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Halse Sporastøyl
- Circulation Laboratory, Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Norway.,Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torjus Wester
- Circulation Laboratory, Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Norway.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - Göran Salerud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Knut Kvernebo
- Circulation Laboratory, Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Norway.,Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hyatt CE, Brainard BM. Point of Care Assessment of Coagulation. Top Companion Anim Med 2016; 31:11-7. [PMID: 27451044 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Disorders of hemostasis can be difficult to fully elucidate but can severely affect patient outcome. The optimal therapy for coagulopathies is also not always clear. Point of care (POC) testing in veterinary medicine can assist in the diagnosis of hemostatic disorders and also direct treatment. Advantages of POC testing include rapid turnaround times, ease of use, and proximity to the patient. Disadvantages include differences in analytic performance compared with reference laboratory devices, the potential for operator error, and limited test options per device. Conventional coagulation tests such as prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and activated clotting time can be measured by POC devices and can accurately diagnose hypocoagulability, but they cannot detect hypercoagulability or disorders of fibrinolysis. Viscoelastic POC coagulation testing more accurately evaluates in vivo coagulation, and can detect hypocoagulability, hypercoagulability, and alterations in fibrinolysis. POC platelet function testing methodologies can detect platelet adhesion abnormalities including von Willebrand disease, and can be used to monitor the efficacy of antiplatelet drugs. It is unlikely that a single test would be ideal for assessing the complete coagulation status of all patients; therefore, the ideal combination of tests for a specific patient needs to be determined based on an understanding of the underlying disease, and protocols must be standardized to minimize interoperator and interinstitutional variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Hyatt
- Phoenix Veterinary Referral and Emergency, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Benjamin M Brainard
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aumann M, Rossi V, Le Boedec K, Diquélou A. Comparison of the buccal mucosal bleeding time in dogs using 3 different-sized lancet devices. Vet Clin Pathol 2013; 42:451-7. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Aumann
- Internal Medicine; Department of Clinical Sciences; Université de Toulouse, INPT, ENVT; Toulouse France
| | - Valentina Rossi
- Internal Medicine; Department of Clinical Sciences; Université de Toulouse, INPT, ENVT; Toulouse France
| | - Kevin Le Boedec
- Internal Medicine; Department of Clinical Sciences; Université de Toulouse, INPT, ENVT; Toulouse France
| | - Armelle Diquélou
- Internal Medicine; Department of Clinical Sciences; Université de Toulouse, INPT, ENVT; Toulouse France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alatzas DG, Mylonakis ME, Kazakos GM, Kostoulas P, Kritsepi-Konstantinou M, Polizopoulou ZS. Reference values and repeatability of buccal mucosal bleeding time in healthy sedated cats. J Feline Med Surg 2013; 16:144-8. [DOI: 10.1177/1098612x13502973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bleeding time is a screening test for the evaluation of primary haemostasis. As there is currently limited information on the reference interval (RI) and repeatability of the test in the cat compared with the dog, the purpose of the study was to establish the RI of buccal mucosa bleeding time (BMBT) in healthy cats and to investigate the intra-observer repeatability of the test. Fifty-six cats were prospectively enrolled in the study. The animals were deemed to be healthy based on history, physical examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistry, and negative serological testing for feline leukaemia and immunodeficiency viruses. All cats were sedated with ketamine, dexmedetomidine and morphine, and the BMBT was sequentially measured in the left and right exposed buccal mucosa following a standardised incision made by a commercially available, disposable, bleeding time device. The mean BMBT was 58.6 s and the RIs ranged from 34 to 105 s (Bootstrap estimation). The intra-observer repeatability was up to 87 s (Bland–Altman plot). The results of this study imply that the combination of ketamine, dexmedetomidine and morphine is a safe and useful sedative protocol allowing for the reliable measurement of BMBT in the cat. The RI of feline BMBT may range from 34 to 105 s and the BMBT may differ by up to 87 s for any two consecutive readings for an individual cat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios G Alatzas
- Companion Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mathios E Mylonakis
- Companion Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Giorgos M Kazakos
- Companion Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Polychronis Kostoulas
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Economics of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Maria Kritsepi-Konstantinou
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zoe S Polizopoulou
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Di Mauro FM, Holowaychuk MK. Intravenous administration of desmopressin acetate to reverse acetylsalicylic acid-induced coagulopathy in three dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2013; 23:455-8. [PMID: 23855456 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetylsalicylic acid (ie, aspirin) administration inhibits platelet aggregation in dogs and is associated with increased perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirements in people. Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is used to control or prevent bleeding in dogs with type 1 von Willebrand disease and is also widely reported in the human literature as an emergency antithrombotic reversal agent. KEY FINDINGS Three dogs undergoing surgery for intervertebral disc disease had marked prolongations in buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) after aspirin administration. DDAVP was given intravenously preoperatively and achieved prompt reversal of the prolongation in BMBT. None of the dogs experienced intraoperative bleeding complications. SIGNIFICANCE IV DDAVP corrected prolongations in BMBT in dogs given aspirin and should be considered in dogs requiring prompt reversal of aspirin-induced coagulopathies to reduce the risk of bleeding complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Di Mauro
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mylonakis ME, Kazakos GM, Pardali D, Kostoulas P, Kritsepi-Konstantinou M, Petanides T, Galatos AD, Koutinas AF. Bleeding time in healthy dogs sedated with morphine and medetomidine. Vet Rec 2011; 169:470. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Mylonakis
- Companion Animal Clinic; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 11 Stavrou Voutyra Street GR-54627 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - G. M. Kazakos
- Companion Animal Clinic; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 11 Stavrou Voutyra Street GR-54627 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - D. Pardali
- Companion Animal Clinic; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 11 Stavrou Voutyra Street GR-54627 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - P. Kostoulas
- Department of Epidemiology; Biostatistics and Economics of Animal Production; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Thessaly; 224 Trikalon Street GR-43100 Karditsa Greece
| | - M. Kritsepi-Konstantinou
- Diagnostic Laboratory; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 11 Stavrou Voutyra Street GR-54627 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - T. Petanides
- Companion Animal Clinic; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 11 Stavrou Voutyra Street GR-54627 Thessaloniki Greece
| | - A. D. Galatos
- Department of Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Thessaly; 224 Trikalon Street GR-43100 Karditsa Greece
| | - A. F. Koutinas
- Companion Animal Clinic; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; 11 Stavrou Voutyra Street GR-54627 Thessaloniki Greece
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cathcart CJ, Brainard BM, Reynolds LR, Al-Nadaf S, Budsberg SC. Lack of inhibitory effect of acetylsalicylic acid and meloxicam on whole blood platelet aggregation in cats. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2011; 22:99-106. [PMID: 22316324 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2011.00681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and meloxicam on feline platelet aggregation and associated platelet thromboxane production and serotonin release. DESIGN Prospective interventional study. SETTING University research facility. ANIMALS Eight healthy male castrated domestic short hair cats from a research colony. INTERVENTIONS Oral medications were administered to 8 cats for 14 days in a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Treatment groups included: aspirin (ASA) (5 mg/kg q 48 h), meloxicam (0.05 mg/kg q 24 h), and placebo (0.5 mL of water q 24 h). Thromboxane assays (TXB(2) ) and whole blood (impedance) aggregometry (WBA) were performed on samples collected before drug administration, and on days 7, 15, and 17, using adenosine diphosphate (ADP; 10 μM) and collagen (5 μg/mL) as agonists for WBA. Serotonin release was assayed on postaggregation plasma. Oral mucosal bleeding time (OMBT) and complete blood cell counts were measured on days 0 and 15. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Neither medication affected WBA at any time point. OMBT decreased in the ASA group relative to baseline. No differences were detected in WBA and OMBT baseline between any groups. No difference was detected in serotonin secretion at any time point. TXB(2) was significantly decreased in the ASA group at all times after initiation of treatment but no change was noted in the meloxicam or placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS At the doses studied, neither meloxicam nor ASA had an inhibitory effect on WBA or OMBT in cats. Thromboxane concentrations were significantly decreased with ASA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Curtis J Cathcart
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mattoso CRS, Takahira RK, Beier SL, Araújo JP, Corrente JE. Prevalence of Von Willebrand Disease in Dogs from São Paulo State, Brazil. J Vet Diagn Invest 2010; 22:55-60. [DOI: 10.1177/104063871002200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the current study were to assess the prevalence of von Willebrand disease (vWD) in dogs from the region of Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil, and to evaluate laboratory tests to diagnose this disease. The study included 350 dogs of various ages, different breeds, and both sexes. Dogs included in the study had no historical or clinical evidence of abnormal bleeding. von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF: Ag), buccal mucosal bleeding time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and factor VIII activity were evaluated in their ability to diagnose vWD. The prevalence of vWD in dogs was 1.43% in the Botucatu region of Brazil. Determination of vWF: Ag was the best laboratory test to diagnose vWD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio Roberto S. Mattoso
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina Kiomi Takahira
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzane Lílian Beier
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Agroveterinary Science Center at Santa Catarina State University, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - João Pessoa Araújo
- Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gaál T, Halmay D, Kocsis R, Abonyi-Tóth Z. Evaluation of the effect of ketoprofen and carprofen on platelet function in dogs studied by PFA-100 point-of-care analyser. Acta Vet Hung 2007; 55:287-94. [PMID: 17867455 DOI: 10.1556/avet.55.2007.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (carprofen and ketoprofen) on platelet adhesion and aggregation functions was evaluated by the PFA-100 analyser (Dade-Behring, CA, U.S.A.) using its collagen-adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen-epinephrine (EPI) cartridges. The function of platelets was evaluated in 55 healthy dogs, in 7 dogs treated with ketoprofen and in 31 dogs treated with carprofen in a therapeutic dose for minimum 5 days. The therapeutic doses of carprofen had no effect on the closure time of PFA-100 (which is the marker of platelet function) but ketoprofen caused a significant increase when using collagen-EPI stimulation The closure times for both the healthy (control) and the treated dogs using EPI cartridges were often longer than the upper default cut-off point (300 sec) of the device. The PFA-100 analyser with collagen-ADP cartridges could be a useful tool for veterinary applications including the evaluation of platelet aggregation in dogs treated with NSAIDs. The upper cut-off point of PFA-100 might be extended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Gaál
- Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, H-1078 Budapest, István u. 2, Hungary.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee DH, Blajchman MA. Animal Models. Platelets 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-012369367-9/50795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
17
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare gravimetric and colorimetric methods of quantifying surgical blood loss, and to determine if there is a correlation between preoperative hemostatic tests (buccal mucosa bleeding time [BMBT] and intraoperative blood loss). STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS Dogs (n=15) admitted for cutaneous tumor excision, orthopedic procedure, or exploratory laparotomy. METHODS Intraoperative blood loss was quantified by measuring irrigation fluid and weighing surgical sponges used for blood and fluid collection during surgery. Results of gravimetric measurements were then correlated to blood loss quantified using spectrophotometric analysis of hemoglobin (Hb) content. Hemostatic variables including BMBT were measured before surgery and compared with the calculated amount of blood loss. RESULTS Blood loss quantified by gravimetric measurement showed a significant correlation with colorimetric determination of Hb content in surgical sponges and collected irrigation fluid (r=0.93, P<.0001). BMBT correlated weakly but significantly with intraoperative blood loss (r=0.56, P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Quantifying intraoperative blood loss using spectrophotometric Hb analysis accurately assessed the amount of blood loss; however, it is a time-consuming procedure, primarily applicable as a research tool. Gravimetric evaluation of intraoperative blood loss was found to be an accurate method, which can be recommended for use in a clinical setting. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Estimation of blood loss using a gravimetric method is accurate and applicable in the clinical setting and provides surgeons with a simple and objective tool to evaluate intraoperative blood loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel H Lee
- Small Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Webb JA, Allen DG, Abrams-Ogg ACG, Gentry PA. Effects of doxycycline, amoxicillin, cephalexin, and enrofloxacin on hemostasis in healthy dogs. Am J Vet Res 2006; 67:569-76. [PMID: 16579747 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.67.4.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of enteral administration of doxycycline, amoxicillin, cephalexin, and enrofloxacin at therapeutic dosages for a typical duration on hemostatic variables in healthy dogs. ANIMALS 14 Beagles. PROCEDURE Doxycycline (10 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h), amoxicillin (30 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h), cephalexin (30 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h), and enrofloxacin (20 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) were administered in random order to 10 healthy dogs at standard therapeutic dosages for 7 days, with a 7-day washout period between subsequent antimicrobials. In addition, 4 Beagles served as control dogs. Variables were evaluated before and after antimicrobial administration; they included platelet count, Hct, 1-stage prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT), fibrinogen concentration, and platelet function. Platelet function was assessed via buccal mucosal bleeding time, aggregation, and a platelet-function analyzer. RESULTS Administration of all antimicrobials caused a slight prolongation of 1-stage PT and activated PTT and slight decrease in fibrinogen concentration. Cephalexin caused a significant increase in 1-stage PT and activated PTT, amoxicillin caused a significant increase in activated PTT, and enrofloxacin caused a significant decrease in fibrinogen concentration. Platelet count or function did not differ significantly after administration of any antimicrobial. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Oral administration of commonly used antimicrobials in healthy dogs resulted in minor secondary hemostatic abnormalities, with no change in platelet count or function. Although these changes were clinically irrelevant in healthy dogs, additional studies of the effects of antimicrobial administration on hemostasis in animals with underlying disease processes are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinelle A Webb
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Couto C, Lara A, Iazbik M, Brooks M. Evaluation of Platelet Aggregation Using a Point-Of-Care Instrument in Retired Racing Greyhounds. J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|