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Penkov N. Antibodies Processed Using High Dilution Technology Distantly Change Structural Properties of IFNγ Aqueous Solution. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1864. [PMID: 34834279 PMCID: PMC8618336 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Terahertz spectroscopy allows for the analysis of vibrations corresponding to the large-scale structural movements and collective dynamics of hydrogen-bonded water molecules. Previously, differences had been detected in the emission spectra of interferon-gamma (IFNγ) solutions surrounded by extremely diluted solutions of either IFNγ or antibodies to IFNγ without direct contact compared to a control. Here we aimed to analyse the structural properties of water in a sample of an aqueous solution of IFNγ via terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). Tubes with the IFNγ solution were immersed in fluidised lactose saturated with test samples (dilutions of antibodies to IFNγ or control) and incubated at 37 °C for 1, 1.5-2, 2.5-3, or 3.5-4 h. Fluidised lactose was chosen since it is an excipient in the manufacture of drugs based on diluted antibodies to IFNγ. After incubation, spectra were recorded within a wavenumber range of 10 to 110 cm-1 with a resolution of 4 cm-1. Lactose saturated with dilutions of antibodies to IFNγ (incubated for more than 2.5 h) changed the structural properties of an IFNγ aqueous solution without direct contact compared to the control. Terahertz spectra revealed stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonds and an increase in the relaxation time of free and weakly bound water molecules. The methodology developed on the basis of THz-TDS could potentially be applied to quality control of pharmaceuticals based on extremely diluted antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Penkov
- Laboratory of Optical and Spectral Analysis Methods, Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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Verginadis II, Karkabounas SC, Simos YV, Velalopoulou AP, Peschos D, Avdikos A, Zelovitis I, Papadopoulos N, Dounousi E, Ragos V, Evangelou AM. Antitumor effects of the electromagnetic resonant frequencies derived from the 1H NMR spectrum of Ph 3Sn(Mercaptonicotinic)SnPh 3 complex. Med Hypotheses 2019; 133:109393. [PMID: 31563097 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to investigate the potential cytotoxic and antitumor effects of the resonant electromagnetic fields (rEMFs) derived from the 1H NMR spectrum of the Ph3Sn(Mercaptonicotinic)SnPh3 complex (SnMNA). The ability of the complex's rEMFs to induce leiomyosarcoma (LMS) cell death and to recess tumor (leiomyosarcoma) development in Wistar rats was evaluated. The effects of the simultaneous administration of the SnMNA complex at extremely low concentrations and exposure to its rEMFs was also investigated. The emission of the 1H NMR spectrum of the complex alone or in a combination with low ineffective doses of the complex decreased LMS cell viability mainly through apoptosis. Moreover, the results from the in vivo experiments showed a significant prolongation of life expectancy in tumor-bearing rats exposed to the rEMFs alongside a deceleration in tumor growth rate. We speculate that the rEMFs of a biologically active substance could exert similar biological effects as the substance itself, mainly when is combined with extremely low ineffective concentrations of the substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis I Verginadis
- Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Spyridon Ch Karkabounas
- Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Yannis V Simos
- Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anastasia P Velalopoulou
- Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Peschos
- Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Antonis Avdikos
- Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Zelovitis
- Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evangelia Dounousi
- Department of Nephrology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasilios Ragos
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angelos M Evangelou
- Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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Scalia M, Avino P, Sperini M, Viccaro V, Pisani A, Valenzi VI. Some Observations on the Role of Water States for Biological and Therapeutical Effects. INNOVATIVE BIOSYSTEMS AND BIOENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.20535/ibb.2018.2.3.140255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Foletti A, Ledda M, Lolli MG, Grimaldi S, Lisi A. Electromagnetic information transfer through aqueous system. Electromagn Biol Med 2017; 36:289-294. [PMID: 28704129 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2017.1347882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Several beneficial effects of the electromagnetic information transfer through aqueous system (EMITTAS) procedure have previously been reported in vitro. The clinical potential of this procedure has also started to be evaluated. Information flow in biological systems can be investigated through chemical and molecular approaches or by a biophysical approach focused on endogenous electrodynamic activities. Electromagnetic signals are endogenously generated at different levels of the biological organization and, likely, play an active role in synchronizing internal cell function or local/systemic adaptive response. Consequently, each adaptive response can be described by its specific electromagnetic pattern and, therefore, correlates with a unique and specific electromagnetic signature. A biophysical procedure synchronously integrating the EMITTAS procedure has already been applied for the treatment of articular pain, low-back pain, neck pain and mobility, fluctuating asymmetry, early-stage chronic kidney disease, refractory gynecological infections, minor anxiety and depression disorders. This clinical strategy involves a single treatment, since the EMITTAS procedure allows the patient to continue his/her own personal treatment at home by means of self-administration of the recorded aqueous system. A significant and long-lasting improvement has been reported, showing a potential beneficial use of this biophysical procedure in the management of common illnesses in an efficient, effective and personalized way. Data from recent studies suggest that aqueous systems may play a key role in providing the basis for recording, storing, transferring and retrieving clinically effective quanta of biological information. These features likely enable to trigger local and systemic self-regulation and self-regeneration potential of the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Foletti
- a Clinical Biophysics International Research Group , Lugano , Switzerland.,b Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council-C.N.R ., Rome , Italy
| | - Mario Ledda
- b Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council-C.N.R ., Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Lolli
- b Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council-C.N.R ., Rome , Italy
| | - Settimio Grimaldi
- b Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council-C.N.R ., Rome , Italy
| | - Antonella Lisi
- b Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council-C.N.R ., Rome , Italy
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Abstract
Since biophysical treatment has been reported to be effective in the general management of pain, we decided to assess the specific effect and treatment duration of this therapeutic strategy in low back pain. We were interested in verifying the possibility that a single clinical procedure could reduce pain and improve patients' quality of life within a period of three months. An Electromagnetic Information Transfer Through Aqueous System was employed to record endogenous therapeutic signals from each individual using an electromagnetic recording device (Med Select 729). A highly significant reduction in the Roland Morris low back pain and disability questionnaire score was observed after 3 months following a single biophysical intervention (11.83 ± 6 at baseline versus 2.3 ± 3.25 at 3 months, p < 0.0001). This preliminary report provides further evidence of the theoretical implications and clinical applications of Quantum Electro Dynamic concepts in biology and medicine.
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Chap H. Forty five years with membrane phospholipids, phospholipases and lipid mediators: A historical perspective. Biochimie 2016; 125:234-49. [PMID: 27059515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipases play a key role in the metabolism of phospholipids and in cell signaling. They are also a very useful tool to explore phospholipid structure and metabolism as well as membrane organization. They are at the center of this review, covering a period starting in 1971 and focused on a number of subjects in which my colleagues and I have been involved. Those include determination of phospholipid asymmetry in the blood platelet membrane, biosynthesis of lysophosphatidic acid, biochemistry of platelet-activating factor, first attempts to define the role of phosphoinositides in cell signaling, and identification of novel digestive (phospho)lipases such as pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (PLRP2) or phospholipase B. Besides recalling some of our contributions to those various fields, this review makes an appraisal of the impressive and often unexpected evolution of those various aspects of membrane phospholipids and lipid mediators. It is also the occasion to propose some new working hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Chap
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France; Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse F-31300, France. hugues.chap.@univ-tlse3.fr
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Thomas Y. From high dilutions to digital biology: the physical nature of the biological signal. HOMEOPATHY 2015; 104:295-300. [PMID: 26678732 DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The memory of water was a radical idea that arose in the laboratory of Jacques Benveniste in the late 1980s. Twenty-five years have passed and yet the often angry debate on its merits continues despite the increasing number of scientists who have reported confirmation of the basic results. One working hypothesis was that molecules can communicate with each other, exchanging information without being in physical contact and that at least some biological functions can be mimicked by certain energetic modes characteristics of a given molecule. These considerations informed exploratory research which led to the speculation that biological signaling might be transmissible by electromagnetic means. Around 1991, the transfer of specific molecular signals to sensitive biological systems was achieved using an amplifier and electromagnetic coils. In 1995, a more sophisticated procedure was established to record, digitize and replay these signals using a multimedia computer. From a physical and chemical perspective, these experiments pose a riddle, since it is not clear what mechanism can sustain such 'water memory' of the exposure to molecular signals. From a biological perspective, the puzzle is what nature of imprinted effect (water structure) can impact biological function. A parallel can be drawn between this debate on the memory of water, which presumes that the action of molecules is mediated by an electromagnetic phenomenon, and the often acrimonious debate on the transmission of nerve influxes via synaptic transfer of specific molecules, neurotransmitters. The latter debate began in 1921 with the first experiments by Loewi and was still active in 1949, 28 years later. A strong reluctance to accept research that questions basic aspects of long-accepted biochemical paradigms is to be expected. In this paper we will provide a brief summary of experiments relating to the memory of water: the earlier work on high dilutions (HD) and then the experiments, which followed and continue today, on digital biology.
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Bellavite P, Marzotto M, Olioso D, Moratti E, Conforti A. High-dilution effects revisited. 1. Physicochemical aspects. HOMEOPATHY 2014; 103:4-21. [PMID: 24439452 DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that homeopathic high dilutions (HDs) can effectively have a pharmacological action, and so cannot be considered merely placebos. However, until now there has been no unified explanation for these observations within the dominant paradigm of the dose-response effect. Here the possible scenarios for the physicochemical nature of HDs are reviewed. A number of theoretical and experimental approaches, including quantum physics, conductometric and spectroscopic measurements, thermoluminescence, and model simulations investigated the peculiar features of diluted/succussed solutions. The heterogeneous composition of water could be affected by interactive phenomena such as coherence, epitaxy and formation of colloidal nanobubbles containing gaseous inclusions of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, silica and, possibly, the original material of the remedy. It is likely that the molecules of active substance act as nucleation centres, amplifying the formation of supramolecular structures and imparting order to the solvent. Three major models for how this happens are currently being investigated: the water clusters or clathrates, the coherent domains postulated by quantum electrodynamics, and the formation of nanoparticles from the original solute plus solvent components. Other theoretical approaches based on quantum entanglement and on fractal-type self-organization of water clusters are more speculative and hypothetical. The problem of the physicochemical nature of HDs is still far from to be clarified but current evidence strongly supports the notion that the structuring of water and its solutes at the nanoscale can play a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bellavite
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Marta Marzotto
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Debora Olioso
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Moratti
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Anita Conforti
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Verona, Piazza L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Pihtili A, Galle M, Cuhadaroglu C, Kilicaslan Z, Issever H, Erkan F, Cagatay T, Gulbaran Z. Evidence for the Efficacy of a Bioresonance Method in Smoking Cessation: A Pilot Study. Complement Med Res 2014; 21:239-45. [DOI: 10.1159/000365742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
<b><i>Background: </i></b>Since the 1970s, MORA bioresonance therapy has globally been applied in the context of complementary medicine for various indications. In this regard, practitioners also report successful application in smoking cessation. The present study aims to verify these reports in a controlled study setting. <b><i>Methods: </i></b>In order to achieve the aforementioned objective, we subjected the bioresonance method to a prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study involving 190 smokers. In both study groups (placebo n = 95; active bioresonance group; n = 95) the course of treatment and study conditions were standardized. <b><i>Results: </i></b>1 week (77.2% vs. 54.8%), 2 weeks (62.4% vs. 34.4%), 1 month (51.1% vs. 28.6%), and 1 year (28.6% vs. 16.1%) after treatment, the success rate in the verum group differed significantly from the results in the placebo group. Also, the subjective health condition after treatment and subjective assessment of efficacy, polled after 1 week, were significantly more positive among participants in the active bioresonance therapy group than among those in the placebo group. Adverse side effects were not observed. <b><i>Conclusion: </i></b>According to the findings attained by this pilot study, bioresonance therapy is clinically effective in smoking cessation and does not show any adverse side effects.
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Bellavite P, Marzotto M, Olioso D, Moratti E, Conforti A. High-dilution effects revisited. 2. Pharmacodynamic mechanisms. HOMEOPATHY 2014; 103:22-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shahabi S, Kasariyans A, Noorbakhsh F. Like cures like: A neuroimmunological model based on electromagnetic resonance. Electromagn Biol Med 2013; 32:508-26. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2012.743911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Foletti A, Ledda M, D'Emilia E, Grimaldi S, Lisi A. Experimental Finding on the Electromagnetic Information Transfer of Specific Molecular Signals Mediated Through the Aqueous System on Two Human Cellular Models. J Altern Complement Med 2012; 18:258-61. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2011.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Ledda
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico D'Emilia
- Superior Institute for Workers’ Safety—INAIL DIPIA, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Lisi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology CNR, Rome, Italy
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Herrmann E, Galle M. Retrospective surgery study of the therapeutic effectiveness of MORA bioresonance therapy with conventional therapy resistant patients suffering from allergies, pain and infection diseases. Eur J Integr Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2011.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Foletti A, Ledda M, D'Emilia E, Grimaldi S, Lisi A. Differentiation of Human LAN-5 Neuroblastoma Cells Induced by Extremely Low Frequency Electronically Transmitted Retinoic Acid. J Altern Complement Med 2011; 17:701-4. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2010.0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Ledda
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Settimio Grimaldi
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lisi
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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Heredia-Rojas JA, Torres-Flores AC, Rodríguez-De la Fuente AO, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Rodríguez-Flores LE, Barrón-González MP, Torres-Pantoja AC, Alcocer-González JM. Entamoeba histolytica and Trichomonas vaginalis: Trophozoite growth inhibition by metronidazole electro-transferred water. Exp Parasitol 2011; 127:80-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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NMR relaxation evidence for solute-induced nanosized superstructures in ultramolecular aqueous dilutions of silica–lactose. J Mol Liq 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Cifra M, Fields JZ, Farhadi A. Electromagnetic cellular interactions. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 105:223-46. [PMID: 20674588 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemical and electrical interaction within and between cells is well established. Just the opposite is true about cellular interactions via other physical fields. The most probable candidate for an other form of cellular interaction is the electromagnetic field. We review theories and experiments on how cells can generate and detect electromagnetic fields generally, and if the cell-generated electromagnetic field can mediate cellular interactions. We do not limit here ourselves to specialized electro-excitable cells. Rather we describe physical processes that are of a more general nature and probably present in almost every type of living cell. The spectral range included is broad; from kHz to the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. We show that there is a rather large number of theories on how cells can generate and detect electromagnetic fields and discuss experimental evidence on electromagnetic cellular interactions in the modern scientific literature. Although small, it is continuously accumulating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Cifra
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Jerman I, Ružič R, Krašovec R, Škarja M, Mogilnicki L. Electrical Transfer of Molecule Information into Water, Its Storage, and Bioeffects on Plants and Bacteria. Electromagn Biol Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/15368370500381620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Poitevin B. The continuing mystery of the Memory of Water. HOMEOPATHY 2008; 97:39-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
'Homeopathic dilutions' and 'Memory of Water' are two expressions capable of turning a peaceful and intelligent person into a violently irrational one,' as Michel Schiff points out in the introduction of his book 'The Memory of Water'. The idea of the memory of water arose in the laboratory of Jacques Benveniste in the late 1980s and 20 years later the debate is still ongoing even though an increasing number of scientists report they have confirmed the basic results. This paper, first provides a brief historical overview of the context of the high dilution experiments then moves on to digital biology. One working hypothesis was that molecules can communicate with each other, exchanging information without being in physical contact and that at least some biological functions can be mimicked by certain energetic modes characteristics of a given molecule. These considerations informed exploratory research which led to the speculation that biological signaling might be transmissible by electromagnetic means. Around 1991, the transfer of specific molecular signals to sensitive biological systems was achieved using an amplifier and electromagnetic coils. In 1995, a more sophisticated procedure was established to record, digitize and replay these signals using a multimedia computer. From a physical and chemical perspective, these experiments pose a riddle, since it is not clear what mechanism can sustain such 'water memory' of the exposure to molecular signals. From a biological perspective, the puzzle is what nature of imprinted effect (water structure) can impact biological function. Also, the far-reaching implications of these observations require numerous and repeated experimental tests to rule out overlooked artifacts. Perhaps more important is to have the experiments repeated by other groups and with other models to explore the generality of the effect. In conclusion, we will present some of this emerging independent experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolène Thomas
- Institut Andre Lwoff IFR89, 7, rue Guy Moquet-BP8, 94 801 Villejuif Cedex, France.
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Bellavite P, Conforti A, Pontarollo F, Ortolani R. Immunology and homeopathy. 2. Cells of the immune system and inflammation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2006; 3:13-24. [PMID: 16550219 PMCID: PMC1375241 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nek018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2005] [Accepted: 01/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe the results of some experimental laboratory studies aimed at verifying the efficacy of high dilutions of substances and of homeopathic medicines in models of inflammation and immunity. Studies carried out on basophils, lymphocytes, granulocytes and fibroblasts are reviewed. This approach may help to test under controlled conditions the main principles of homeopathy such as 'similarity' of drug action at the cellular level and the effects of dilution/dynamization on the drug activity. The current situation is that few and rather small groups are working on laboratory models for homeopathy. Regarding the interpretation of data in view of the simile principle, we observe that there are different levels of similarity and that the laboratory data give support to this principle, but have not yet yielded the ultimate answer to the action mechanism of homeopathy. Evidence of the biological activity in vitro of highly diluted-dynamized solutions is slowly accumulating, with some conflicting reports. It is our hope that this review of literature unknown to most people will give an original and useful insight into the 'state-of-the-art' of homeopathy, without final conclusions 'for' or 'against' this modality. This kind of uncertainty may be difficult to accept, but is conceivably the most open-minded position now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bellavite
- Department of Scienze Morfologico-Biomediche, University of Verona, Italy.
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Jonas WB, Ives JA, Rollwagen F, Denman DW, Hintz K, Hammer M, Crawford C, Henry K. Can specific biological signals be digitized? FASEB J 2006; 20:23-8. [PMID: 16394263 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-3815hyp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
At the request of the United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, we attempted to replicate the data of Professor Jacques Benveniste that digital signals recorded on a computer disc produce specific biological effects. The hypothesis was that a digitized thrombin inhibitor signal would inhibit the fibrinogen-thrombin coagulation pathway. Because of the controversies associated with previous research of Prof. Benveniste, we developed a system for the management of social controversy in science that incorporated an expert in social communication and conflict management. The social management approach was an adaptation of interactional communication theory, for management of areas that interfere with the conduct of good science. This process allowed us to successfully complete a coordinated effort by a multidisciplinary team, including Prof. Benveniste, a hematologist, engineer, skeptic, statistician, neuroscientist and conflict management expert. Our team found no replicable effects from digital signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne B Jonas
- Samueli Institute for Information Biology, Alexandria, Virginia, 22314, USA.
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