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Chrono-Aerobic Exercise Optimizes Metabolic State in DB/DB Mice through CLOCK–Mitophagy–Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169308. [PMID: 36012573 PMCID: PMC9408978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the benefits of aerobic exercise on obesity and type 2 diabetes are well-documented, the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and the intervention mechanism of exercise remain ambiguous. The correlation between mitochondrial quality and metabolic diseases has been identified. Disruption of the central or peripheral molecular clock can also induce chronic metabolic diseases. In addition, the interactive effects of the molecular clock and mitochondrial quality have attracted extensive attention in recent years. Exercise and a high-fat diet have been considered external factors that may change the molecular clock and metabolic state. Therefore, we utilized a DB/DB (BSK.Cg-Dock7m +/+ Leprdb/JNju) mouse model to explore the effect of chrono-aerobic exercise on the metabolic state of type 2 diabetic mice and the effect of timing exercise as an external rhythm cue on liver molecular clock-mitochondrial quality. We found that two differently timed exercises reduced the blood glucose and serum cholesterol levels in DB/DB mice, and compared with night exercise (8:00 p.m., the active period of mice), morning exercise (8:00 a.m., the sleeping period of mice) significantly improved the insulin sensitivity in DB/DB mice. In contrast, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increased the expression of CLOCK and impaired the mitochondrial quality (mitochondrial networks, OPA1, Fis1, and mitophagy), as well as induced apoptosis. Both morning and night exercise ameliorated impaired mitochondrial quality and apoptosis induced by diabetes. However, compared with morning exercise, night exercise not only decreased the protein expression of CLOCK but also decreased excessive apoptosis. In addition, the expression of CLOCK was negatively correlated with the expression of OPA1 and Fis1. In summary, our research suggests that morning exercise is more beneficial for increasing insulin sensitivity and promoting glucose transport in T2DM, whereas night exercise may improve lipid infiltration and mitochondrial abnormalities through CLOCK–mitophagy–apoptosis in the liver, thereby downregulating glucose and lipid disorders. In addition, CLOCK-OPA1/Fis1–mitophagy might be novel targets for T2DM treatment.
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Schumann T, König J, von Loeffelholz C, Vatner DF, Zhang D, Perry RJ, Bernier M, Chami J, Henke C, Kurzbach A, El-Agroudy NN, Willmes DM, Pesta D, de Cabo R, O Sullivan JF, Simon E, Shulman GI, Hamilton BS, Birkenfeld AL. Deletion of the diabetes candidate gene Slc16a13 in mice attenuates diet-induced ectopic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance. Commun Biol 2021; 4:826. [PMID: 34211098 PMCID: PMC8249653 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified SLC16A13 as a novel susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes. The SLC16A13 gene encodes SLC16A13/MCT13, a member of the solute carrier 16 family of monocarboxylate transporters. Despite its potential importance to diabetes development, the physiological function of SLC16A13 is unknown. Here, we validate Slc16a13 as a lactate transporter expressed at the plasma membrane and report on the effect of Slc16a13 deletion in a mouse model. We show that Slc16a13 increases mitochondrial respiration in the liver, leading to reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and increased hepatic insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet fed Slc16a13 knockout mice. We propose a mechanism for improved hepatic insulin sensitivity in the context of Slc16a13 deficiency in which reduced intrahepatocellular lactate availability drives increased AMPK activation and increased mitochondrial respiration, while reducing hepatic lipid content. Slc16a13 deficiency thereby attenuates hepatic diacylglycerol-PKCε mediated insulin resistance in obese mice. Together, these data suggest that SLC16A13 is a potential target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Schumann
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg König
- Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Daniel F Vatner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rachel J Perry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jason Chami
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Christine Henke
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anica Kurzbach
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nermeen N El-Agroudy
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Diana M Willmes
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Pesta
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John F O Sullivan
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Eric Simon
- Computational Biology, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bradford S Hamilton
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- King's College London, Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science, London, UK.
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Zhang Z, Cui D, Zhang T, Sun Y, Ding S. Swimming Differentially Affects T2DM-Induced Skeletal Muscle ER Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Related to MAM. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1417-1428. [PMID: 32431525 PMCID: PMC7203063 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s243024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) are associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Mitochondria and ER are connected via mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM) that are involved in glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. We postulated that exercise might positively benefit T2DM-induced ER and mitochondrial dysfunction that might be associated with MAM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were fed a high-fat diet and injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to create T2DM models. Glucose tolerance, mitochondrial quality, MAM quality, and ERS were investigated in diabetic mice after six weeks of swimming. RESULTS Type 2 DM induced decreased MAM quantity, impaired mitochondrial quality, and deteriorated ERS in skeletal muscle that led to endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD). Swimming alleviated strong ERS caused by T2DM. Importantly, MAM quantity was positively associated with mitochondrial function and tended to negatively correlate with the ERS branch, ATF6. Moreover, both ATF6 branches of ERS and ERAD were positively associated with the pIRE1α branch of ERS. CONCLUSION Type 2 DM induced glucose intolerance, powerful ERS, and mitochondrial dysfunction associated with decreased amounts of MAM. Swimming improved glucose intolerance and selectively mitigated the ERS in skeletal muscle. Therefore, MAM quality and ATF6 might be novel and important targets for T2DM treatment. Endoplasmic reticulum stress might be an effective target of swimming to improve diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai200241, People’s Republic of China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Cui
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai200241, People’s Republic of China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai200241, People’s Republic of China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai200241, People’s Republic of China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai200241, People’s Republic of China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai200241, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shuzhe Ding Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai200241, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13601798505 Email
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