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Li X, Lu Z, Liu T, Sun Y. Impact of home quarantine on physical fitness of school-aged children in Xi'an during COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1169. [PMID: 38664808 PMCID: PMC11047002 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has sparked unprecedented global challenges. This study intends to investigate changes in the physical fitness of students aged 6-22 during the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess how the pandemic lockdown period affected these markers. METHODS According to the National Student Physical Health Standard, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to evaluate the body shape, body function, and physical fitness of children and adolescents (n = 8092) in Xi'an from 2019 to 2021. This study uses SPSS 26.0 (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA) for data statistics and analysis. The connection between physical fitness and years was measured using the one-variable analysis in the general linear model (GLM). Independent t-tests were used to determine the sex (male/female) and area (urban/rural) differences. RESULTS During the lockdown period, Body Mass Index (BMI) and flexibility showed an upward trend, while aerobic, strength, speed, and endurance showed a downward trend. In addition to the BMI of middle and high school students, almost all indicators show significant sex differences. There are urban-rural differences in some indicators, such as chin-ups. CONCLUSION During the pandemic of COVID-19, the physical fitness of children and adolescents in Xi'an did not change significantly, and there were slight differences among different grades. During the pandemic lockdown period, lifestyle changes and reduced outdoor activities for children and adolescents may be the reasons for the changing trend of various indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglu Li
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zijun Lu
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yuliang Sun
- School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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Ayán-Pérez C, González-Devesa D, Diz-Gómez JC, Varela S. Influence of Body Mass Index, Physical Fitness, and Physical Activity on Energy Expenditure during Recess. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:125. [PMID: 38255437 PMCID: PMC10813916 DOI: 10.3390/children11010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the potential relationship between energy expenditure, physical fitness level, physical activity, and body mass index among children taking part in a 30 min school recess. A total of 259 participants from three schools were included in this study. Data on energy expenditure during recess, age, gender, anthropometric measurements, global physical fitness, and physical activity index were recorded. The evaluation sessions occurred twice a week on alternate days over two weeks. A significant gender difference was observed in energy expenditure during recess, favoring boys (p < 0.01). The participants classified as very active exhibited significantly higher scores compared to those categorized as sedentary and moderately active, respectively (p < 0.01), with a poor but significant correlation (rho: 0.208; p < 0.001). There were significant differences between energy expenditure and cardiorespiratory fitness and energy expenditure and global physical fitness (p < 0.01) with fair (rho: 0.289; p < 0.001) and poor (rho: 0.196, p = 0.001) correlation, respectively. In contrast, there were no significant differences by body mass index categories (p = 0.571). These results suggest that gender, physical activity index, and global physical fitness were found to influence energy expenditure during a 30 min recess. However, no significant relationships were found with the body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ayán-Pérez
- Well-Move Research Group, Galicia-Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Department of Special Didactics, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Devesa
- Well-Move Research Group, Galicia-Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - José Carlos Diz-Gómez
- Well-Move Research Group, Galicia-Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Department of Special Didactics, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Silvia Varela
- Well-Move Research Group, Galicia-Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Department of Special Didactics, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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Sugimoto D, Stracciolini A, Berbert L, Nohelty E, Kobelski GP, Parmeter B, Weller E, Faigenbaum AD, Myer GD. Assessment of Physical Tests in 6-11 Years Old Children: Findings from the Play Lifestyle and Activity in Youth (PLAY) Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2552. [PMID: 36767925 PMCID: PMC9915144 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose was to evaluate selected physical tests in children and to compare the outcomes by sex. A cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate children 6-11 years who completed five physical tests: hand grip, vertical jump, sit and reach, Y-balance, and obstacle course (time and score). The outcome measures including test results were descriptively examined and compared by sex. The study participants consisted of 133 children (62 males and 71 females, with a median age of 7.8 years). Girls showed superior sit and reach performance (p = 0.002) compared with boys. Boys demonstrated better Y-balance scores (p = 0.007) and faster obstacle time (p = 0.042) than girls. Sex comparison within three age groups (6-<8 years, 8-<10 years, and 10-<12 years) showed that girls performed better on the sit and reach compared with boys in the in 6-<8 years (p = 0.009). Boys demonstrated higher Y-balance scores (p = 0.017) and faster obstacle time (p = 0.007) compared with girls in the 8-<10-year age group. These data will serve to guide future efforts to evaluate normative measures of physical literacy and guide targeted training interventions to promote sustained physical activity in children with deficits relative to their age and sex norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Sugimoto
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo 202-0021, Japan
| | - Andrea Stracciolini
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura Berbert
- Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric Nohelty
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Greggory P. Kobelski
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Becky Parmeter
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edie Weller
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Gregory D. Myer
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
- Emory Sports Performance and Research Center (SPARC), Flowery Branch, GA 30542, USA
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA
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Marsigliante S, Gómez-López M, Muscella A. Effects on Children's Physical and Mental Well-Being of a Physical-Activity-Based School Intervention Program: A Randomized Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1927. [PMID: 36767292 PMCID: PMC9915543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physically active breaks of a total duration of 10 min a day, introduced during curricular lessons, together with a 10 min physical activity intervention during the daily school recess period on obesity prevention, fitness, cognitive function, and psychological well-being in school-aged children. A sample of 310 children (139 boys vs. 171 girls), aged between 8 and 10 years (9.82 ± 0.51), was selected. Our strategy was implemented over a 6-month period and the participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 157) or the non-intervention (control) group (n =153). In the intervention group, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in body mass index, waist circumference, waist-height ratio, and relative body fat mass was achieved after the intervention (T1) compared to the values measured before intervention (T0); in the control group, no differences emerged between T0 and T1 for any of the parameters considered. We found a significant increase in the intervention group in standing long jump, Ruffier, and sit and reach test scores (p < 0.001 for all). At T0, cognitive test scores did not differ between the girls and boys or between the intervention and control groups; instead at T1, significant differences were observed in the two groups regarding the total number of responses and the concentration performance scores (p < 0.001). Consistently, in the intervention group, well-being levels significantly increased between T0 and T1 (p < 0.001). Finally, the intervention had significant effects on the children regardless of gender. We may therefore conclude that schools should create more opportunities for teachers and students to introduce intervention strategies to promote regular PA during school recess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santo Marsigliante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Manuel Gómez-López
- Department of Physical Activity, Sport Faculty of Sports Science, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonella Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Pérez-Bellmunt A, Casasayas-Cos O, Ragazzi P, Rodríguez-Sanz J, Hidalgo-García C, Canet-Vintró M, Caballero-Martínez I, Pacheco L, López-de-Celis C. Foam Rolling vs. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching in the Hamstring Flexibility of Amateur Athletes: Control Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1439. [PMID: 36674197 PMCID: PMC9861030 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND the use of stretching techniques in the sports world is frequent and common thanks to their many effects. One of the main benefits of stretching is an increased range of motion (ROM). Recently, the use of a foam roller has spread in sports practice due to benefits that are similar to those of shoes observed in stretching. The objective of the following study was to compare the results of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching (PNF) with foam rolling (FR). METHODS The design of the study was a single-blind, randomized controlled trial (clinicaltrial.gov NCT05134883), and the participants were 80 healthy young athletes. The range of motion was evaluated with a modified sit-and-reach test before, during (at 30 s), and at the end of the intervention (at 2 min). The subject's discomfort sensation was measured using the Borg scale. Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen's d coefficient. Volunteers were randomized into the PNF group or FR group. RESULTS the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001) during the intervention in favor of PNF group. The differences at the end of intervention showed that the PNF group had a greater increase in flexibility, with this difference being statically significant (p < 0.001). The sensation of perceived exertion with PNF at the end of the intervention was similarly classified as moderate for both groups. CONCLUSION Despite the fact that the use of FR is spreading in the field of sports and rehabilitation, the results of the present study suggest that the gain in flexibility in the hamstrings is greater if PNF-type stretches are used instead of FR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Pérez-Bellmunt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Oriol Casasayas-Cos
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Paolo Ragazzi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - César Hidalgo-García
- Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería, Unidad de Investigación en Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral, s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Max Canet-Vintró
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Iván Caballero-Martínez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laura Pacheco
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carlos López-de-Celis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a I’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
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Effects of a Complex Physical Activity Program on Children's Arithmetic Problem Solving and Arithmetic Reasoning Abilities. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:141-150. [PMID: 36661760 PMCID: PMC9858432 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that higher levels of physical activity are associated with better cognitive performance in children. However, the benefits of physical activity on academic achievement and specifically on mathematics performance need to be further explored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of a complex physical activity (CPA) intervention program, including cognitive involvement, on children’s mathematics performance. The participants were 128 children (aged 12−13 years) attending third grade in three middle schools. They were randomly allocated into a CPA intervention (n = 64) or a waitlist control group (n = 64), the latter of which was given a regular and easy-to-perform activity program. At baseline and after the intervention, students’ physical fitness was measured using a battery of standardized motor tests (20 m shuttle run test, curl-up test, push-up test, and sit and reach test). In addition, the AC-MT 11-14 test was administered to allow a standardized and comprehensive assessment of arithmetic problem-solving and arithmetic reasoning abilities. In comparison to the control, the intervention group showed significant improvements (p < 0.001) in comprehension and production (d = 1.88), arithmetic reasoning (d = 2.50), and problem solving (d = 1.32), as well as in 20 m shuttle run test (d = 1.81), push-up test (d = 1.88), curl-up (d = 3.52), and sit and reach (d = 2.52). No significant changes were found in the control group. In conclusion, findings showed that a 12-week CPA intervention program can improve mathematical performance in children in the third grade of middle school. CPA intervention may be an effective method to improve academic performance and avoid student failure.
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A six-month multicomponent intervention improves Down syndrome adolescents’ physical fitness. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Galmés-Panadés AM, Vidal-Conti J. Association between Physical Fitness and Low Back Pain: The Pepe Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9091350. [PMID: 36138660 PMCID: PMC9498200 DOI: 10.3390/children9091350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have shown that the lifetime prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in schoolchildren aged 10–12 years is 73.6%, and that it appears to have an impact on people’s quality of life. A wide range of risk factors associated with LBP have been studied. However, inconsistent results have been reported. In recent decades, the physical fitness level of children and adolescents has worsened, and the current data on the relationship between muscular fitness and musculoskeletal pain are ambiguous. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the relationship between physical fitness and the occurrence and intensity of LBP. Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed 849 students, aged 10–12 years, from 10 primary schools (fifth and sixth grades) from Majorca (Spain). It was based on two different structured and self-administered questionnaires and a fitness test battery validated for child populations. Results: The results showed that higher levels of VO2Max correspond to less LBP intensity. Additionally, LBP was less prevalent among participants who self-reported more physical activity, and higher VO2Max and higher levels of flexibility were associated with the absence of LBP in bed. Conclusion: These results are of particular importance, as cardiorespiratory fitness is the parameter most closely related to health, and it seems to also be related to LBP-prevention.
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Cejudo A. Description of ROM-SPORT I Battery: Keys to Assess Lower Limb Flexibility. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10747. [PMID: 36078461 PMCID: PMC9517817 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Limited range of motion (ROM) is considered one of the most important intrinsic and modifiable risk factors for the most common sports-related injuries. In addition, controlling and monitoring an athlete's ROM is a strategy to achieve optimal ROM and improve athletic performance in sports, especially those that require high ROM in the major joints. Therefore, assessing ROM (pre-participation, during a rehabilitation process, on return to play, etc.) is important not only as a method to prevent sports injuries, but also as a quantitative determinant of the potential of athletic performance. However, despite the variety of different ROM assessment methods described in the literature, there is no consensus on which methods are best suited for this goal. Recently, the ROM-SPORT I battery has been shown to have advantages over other ROM assessment methods. This tool has not yet been fully described in detail for researchers, sports professionals, and clinicians to learn. The main objective of this study is to describe the ROM-SPORT I battery tests in detail using the following criteria: test description, simplicity of the test procedure, low need for human and material resources, predictive validity, and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cejudo
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain; ; Tel.: +34-868-888-430
- Locomotor System and Sport Research Group (E0B5-07), University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain
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López-Gil JF, García-Hermoso A, Smith L, Trott M, López-Bueno R, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, Mesas AE, Tárraga-López PJ. Physical fitness and disordered eating among adolescents: Results from the EHDLA study. Appetite 2022; 178:106272. [PMID: 35964793 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the association between a comprehensive spectrum of physical fitness components and disordered eating symptoms in a sample of Spanish adolescents. This cross-sectional study analysed a representative sample of 741 adolescents (55.1% girls) from the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) study (Valle de Ricote, Region of Murcia, Spain). Objective physical fitness (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness, upper body strength, lower body strength, speed-agility, and flexibility) was assesed by the ALPHA-FIT Test Battery for a young population. Disordered eating symptoms were assessed with the Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food (SCOFF) questionnaire. An incremental inverse association was found in participants with low cardiorespiratory fitness (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.56-3.50), low handgrip strength (OR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.33-2.97), low lower body strength (OR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.28-2.86), low speed-agility (OR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.17-2.62), and low global physical fitness (OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.37-3.01) and disordered eating symptoms, compared to participants with a high level of each of these physical fitness components. Our study provides evidence that, in Spanish adolescents, disordered eating symptoms are inversely associated with a comprehensive set of physical fitness components. Hence, it could be relevant to promote physical fitness, e.g., by a multifactorial approach, since it seems to be related to lower disordered eating symptoms in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Trott
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rubén López-Bueno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain; Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Pedro Juan Tárraga-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Albacete, Spain
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11
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Pradas F, Toro-Román V, Ortega-Zayas MÁ, Montoya-Suárez DM, Sánchez-Alcaraz BJ, Muñoz D. Physical Fitness and Upper Limb Asymmetry in Young Padel Players: Differences between Genders and Categories. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116461. [PMID: 35682046 PMCID: PMC9180026 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the physical fitness and upper body asymmetries of young padel players aged between 13 and 16 years and to determine the possible differences between genders and categories. A total of 60 padel players were divided into four groups: under-14 male (n = 15; age: 13.75 ± 0.45 years; height: 1.64 ± 0.07 m; weight: 54.7 ± 8.3 kg), under-14 female (n = 15; age: 13.75 ± 0.44 years; height: 1.60 ± 0.05 m; weight: 51.5 ± 6.0 kg), under-16 male (n = 15; age: 15.44 ± 0.51 years; height:1.71 ± 0.04 m; weight: 63.88 ± 6.2 kg) and under-16 female (n = 15; age:15.46 ± 0.52 years; height:1.63 ± 0.05 m; weight: 55.08 ± 3.6 kg). Handgrip strength, ischiosural flexibility, gestural speed of the dominant arm, vertical jump, cardiorespiratory capacity, lateral movement, lateral acceleration and reaction time were measured. Male players showed better results in manual grip strength, vertical jump power, cardiorespiratory capacity and lateral movement (p < 0.05). Moreover, males presented a higher percentage of asymmetry in upper limb strength. Female players showed better reaction time and greater flexibility (p < 0.05). Regarding the differences between categories, the under-16 players showed greater flexibility, gestural speed, vertical jump power, cardiorespiratory capacity and lateral movement compared to the under-14 players. These results can be used as reference values for coaches/physical trainers of younger categories to improve health control and physical performance planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pradas
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (F.P.); (M.Á.O.-Z.); (D.M.M.-S.)
| | - Víctor Toro-Román
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-927-257-460 (ext. 57833)
| | - Miguel Ángel Ortega-Zayas
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (F.P.); (M.Á.O.-Z.); (D.M.M.-S.)
| | - Duber Mary Montoya-Suárez
- ENFYRED Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22001 Huesca, Spain; (F.P.); (M.Á.O.-Z.); (D.M.M.-S.)
| | | | - Diego Muñoz
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
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Change in BMI and Fitness among Primary School Children in Austria: A 24-Month Follow-Up Study of 303 Children Measured before and during the Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10050078. [PMID: 35622487 PMCID: PMC9147516 DOI: 10.3390/sports10050078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic not only impacted the health of school children directly through SARS-CoV-2 infections, but the associated closures of schools and sports facilities also resulted in long-term negative side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of COVID-19-related mitigation measures on the health and fitness status of primary school children in Austria. A total of 303 primary school children participated in the longitudinal study. Data on height, weight, and fitness were collected before the COVID-19 pandemic (September 2019) and at one-year intervals (September 2020 and September 2021) during the course of the pandemic. In the first year, from September 2019 to September 2020, there were alarming increases in body mass index (BMI) standard deviation scores (SDSs) (from 0.32 to 0.49) and dramatic decreases in both cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE) (from 0.49 to −0.43) and action speed (from −0.31 to −0.64). In the second year (September 2020 to September 2021), the BMI scores stabilized, and improvements in CRE were observed, especially in the subgroup of children who were members of sports clubs. In the future, more initiatives and projects, in addition to sports club activities, should be started and expanded, particularly in schools, to specifically counteract the observed health damage and, thus, have a positive effect on the development of all children, especially those without sports club membership.
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López-Gil JF. The Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:370. [PMID: 35327742 PMCID: PMC8947596 DOI: 10.3390/children9030370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is one of the greatest public health concerns facing advanced societies, Spain being one of the countries with the highest incidence. In this sense, the Region of Murcia has been pointed out as the Spanish autonomous community with the highest prevalence of excess weight among young people. More specifically, the Valle de Ricote has shown an even greater proportion of excess weight among young people. Several sociodemographic, environmental, lifestyle, health-related, cognitive, and psychological factors are related to excess weight. Based on the lack of information, this research project will try to provide relevant information to design intervention programs, as well as to implement effective public policies to try and reverse this alarming situation. Therefore, this research project aims (1) to obtain cross-sectional and longitudinal data on the excess weight and their potential sociodemographic, environmental, lifestyle, health-related, cognitive, and psychological factors associated among adolescents from the Valle de Ricote (Region of Murcia, Spain) (aged 12-17 years), and (2) to examine the association between excess weight and their potential sociodemographic, environmental, lifestyle, health-related, cognitive, and psychological factors associated among this population. METHODS A cross-sectional study and follow-up study will be performed. This research project will involve adolescents using a simple random sampling technique. A total of three secondary schools from the Valle de Ricote (Region of Murcia, Spain) will be included in this project. The minimum sample size will be 1138, establishing a 95% confidence interval, a 40% prevalence of excess weight, a 3% margin of error, and a non-response rate of 10%. Primary outcome measures will be: (1) anthropometric measurements, (2) sociodemographic factors, (3) environmental factors, (4) lifestyle factors, (5) health-related factors, (6) cognitive factors, and (7) psychological factors. CONCLUSION This research project will aim to determine the prevalence of excess weight and interrelate their potential sociodemographic, environmental, lifestyle, health-related, cognitive, and psychological factors associated. The obtained results will help to manage and propose possible multidisciplinary interventions and strategies in order to prevent and reduce the excess weight in adolescents from the Valle de Ricote. Furthermore, orientations will be given to transfer the obtained results to the public sector to evaluate or change the adopted policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco López-Gil
- Departamento de Expresión Plástica, Musical y Dinámica, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Murcia (UM), 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 16071 Cuenca, Spain
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Irurtia A, Torres-Mestre VM, Cebrián-Ponce Á, Carrasco-Marginet M, Altarriba-Bartés A, Vives-Usón M, Cos F, Castizo-Olier J. Physical Fitness and Performance in Talented & Untalented Young Chinese Soccer Players. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:98. [PMID: 35052262 PMCID: PMC8775658 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sports performance is a complex process that involves many factors, including ethnic and racial differences. China's youth soccer is in a process of constant development, although information about the characteristics of its players and their methodological systems is scarce. The aim of this retrospective study was to characterize the physical fitness and the competitive performance of 722 Chinese players of three sports categories (8.0-9.9, 10.0-11.9 and 12.0-13.9 years), who were classified by their coaches as talented (n = 204) or untalented (n = 518). Players were assessed for anthropometry (body height, body mass, body mass index), lung capacity (Forced Vital Capacity), jumping performance (Squat Jump, Countermovement Jump and Abalakov tests), sprinting performance (10 m and 30 m Sprint tests), agility performance (Repeated Side-Step test) and flexibility (Sit & Reach test). A descriptive, comparative, correlational and multivariate analysis was performed. Competitive ranking was created in order to act as dependent variable in multiple linear regression analysis. Results indicate that Chinese players classified as talented have better motor performance than untalented ones. However, these differences are neither related nor determine the competitive performance of one group or the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Irurtia
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (V.M.T.-M.); (Á.C.-P.); (M.C.-M.); (M.V.-U.); (F.C.)
- Catalan School of Kinanthropometry, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor M. Torres-Mestre
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (V.M.T.-M.); (Á.C.-P.); (M.C.-M.); (M.V.-U.); (F.C.)
| | - Álex Cebrián-Ponce
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (V.M.T.-M.); (Á.C.-P.); (M.C.-M.); (M.V.-U.); (F.C.)
- Catalan School of Kinanthropometry, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Carrasco-Marginet
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (V.M.T.-M.); (Á.C.-P.); (M.C.-M.); (M.V.-U.); (F.C.)
- Catalan School of Kinanthropometry, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), 08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Altarriba-Bartés
- Sport and Physical Activity Studies Center (CEEAF), Sport Performance Analysis Research Group (SPARG), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, 08500 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marc Vives-Usón
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (V.M.T.-M.); (Á.C.-P.); (M.C.-M.); (M.V.-U.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesc Cos
- INEFC-Barcelona Sports Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; (V.M.T.-M.); (Á.C.-P.); (M.C.-M.); (M.V.-U.); (F.C.)
| | - Jorge Castizo-Olier
- School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus, Pompeu Fabra University, Mataró, 08302 Barcelona, Spain;
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Hua A, Bai J, Fan Y, Wang J. Comparison of Distance and Angular Analysis for Measurement of Hamstring Flexibility in Preschoolers. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9010039. [PMID: 35053665 PMCID: PMC8774374 DOI: 10.3390/children9010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to (1) investigate the reliability and usefulness of a proposed angular analysis during a modified sit-and-reach (MSR) test, and (2) compare the proposed MSR angular analysis and the commonly used MSR distance to verify the influence of the anthropometric characteristics in preschoolers. 194 preschoolers participated in the study. Before testing, the anthropometric characteristics were collected. Each participant performed the MSR test twice. The MSR distance score was obtained from the starting point to the reaching point, while the MSR angle score was calculated according to the approximate hip flexion angle. Both the relative and absolute reliability were good for the angular analysis during an MSR test in preschoolers (ICC ranging from 0.82 to 0.91, CV% ranging from 8.21 to 9.40). The angular analysis demonstrated good usefulness, with a lower typical error than the smallest worthwhile change in 3- and 5-year-old groups. The MSR angle scores could eliminate the concern of the influence of anthropometric characteristics, while MSR distance and anthropometric characteristics (i.e., sitting height and arm length) were found to be weakly correlated. In conclusion, the angular analysis when performing the MSR test is reliable and appears to eliminate the concern regarding the limb length bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Hua
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (A.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Jingyuan Bai
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (A.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Sports, Qianjiang College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China;
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (A.H.); (J.B.)
- Center for Psychological Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(0571)-8827-3843
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Ybarra M, Danieles PK, Barnett TA, Mathieu MÈ, Van Hulst A, Drouin O, Kakinami L, Bigras JL, Henderson M. Promoting healthy lifestyle behaviours in youth: Findings from a novel intervention for children at risk of cardiovascular disease. Paediatr Child Health 2021; 26:478-485. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Obesity is the most prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in children. We developed a 2-year lifestyle intervention for youth at risk of CVD. We assessed changes in body mass index z-scores (zBMI) and key cardiometabolic risk factors, physical fitness, and capacity among those who completed the program.
Methods
The CIRCUIT program is a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention for children aged 4 to 18 years at risk of CVD, based on a personalized plan to improve cardiometabolic outcomes by increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviours. Both at baseline and 2-year follow-up, we measured zBMI, blood pressure z-scores (zBP), adiposity (%body and %trunk fat), fasting blood glucose and lipid profile, aerobic (VO2max) and anaerobic (5×5 m shuttle run test) fitness, and physical capacity indicators. Differences between baseline and follow-up were examined using paired t-tests (for age-sex standardized outcomes) and multivariable mixed effect models, adjusted for age and sex (for other outcomes).
Results
Among the 106 participants (53 males) who completed the 2-year program, mean age at baseline was 10.9 years (SD=3.2). After 2 years, zBMI and diastolic zBP decreased by 0.30SD (95% CI: −0.44; −0.16) and 0.43SD (95% CI: −0.65; −0.23), respectively. Participants improved %body and %trunk fat, lipid profile, aerobic and anaerobic fitness levels, and physical capacity (p<0.02). No changes in systolic zBP nor in fasting plasma glucose were observed.
Conclusion
Our findings showed improved zBMI, cardiometabolic outcomes, physical fitness, and capacity among children at risk of CVD, suggesting that CIRCUIT is a promising intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ybarra
- Research Center of Sainte Justine University Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Prince Kevin Danieles
- Research Center of Sainte Justine University Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tracie A Barnett
- Research Center of Sainte Justine University Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Mathieu
- Research Center of Sainte Justine University Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andraea Van Hulst
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivier Drouin
- Research Center of Sainte Justine University Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lisa Kakinami
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Bigras
- Research Center of Sainte Justine University Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Henderson
- Research Center of Sainte Justine University Hospital, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Jarnig G, Jaunig J, Kerbl R, Lima RA, van Poppel MNM. A Novel Monitoring System (AUT FIT) for Anthropometrics and Physical Fitness in Primary School Children in Austria: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. Sports (Basel) 2021; 10:sports10010004. [PMID: 35050969 PMCID: PMC8822895 DOI: 10.3390/sports10010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of anthropometric and physical fitness parameters in primary school children is important for the prevention of future health problems. Many of the existing test batteries that are useful for monitoring require expensive test materials, specialized test administrators, and a lot of space. This limits the usefulness of such tests for widespread use. The aim of this pilot study was to design and evaluate monitoring tools for anthropometrics and physical fitness tests in primary schools, called AUT FIT. The test battery consists of height, weight, and waist circumference measurement and eight fitness tests (6 min run, V sit-and-reach, jumping sideways, standing long jump, medicine ball throw, 4 × 10 m shuttle run, ruler drop, single leg stand). Data of 821 children aged 7 to 10 years were gathered. Most AUT FIT tests showed excellent test–retest and interrater reliability and were easy to implement. Criterion-related validity was evident by a strong correlation between physical education teacher rankings and rank scores for motor fitness. Nationwide implementation in the Austrian school system could be an important component for monitoring and improving the health and fitness of primary school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Jarnig
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.J.); (M.N.M.v.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-650-7007-999
| | - Johannes Jaunig
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.J.); (M.N.M.v.P.)
| | - Reinhold Kerbl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKH Hochsteiermark, 8700 Leoben, Austria;
| | - Rodrigo Antunes Lima
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mireille N. M. van Poppel
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.J.); (M.N.M.v.P.)
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Fauris P, López-de-Celis C, Canet-Vintró M, Martin JC, Llurda-Almuzara L, Rodríguez-Sanz J, Labata-Lezaun N, Simon M, Pérez-Bellmunt A. Does Self-Myofascial Release Cause a Remote Hamstring Stretching Effect Based on Myofascial Chains? A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12356. [PMID: 34886078 PMCID: PMC8656845 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hamstring muscles are described as forming part of myofascial chains or meridians, and the superficial back line (SBL) is one such chain. Good hamstring flexibility is fundamental to sporting performance and is associated with prevention of injuries of these muscles. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of self-myofascial release (SMR) on hamstring flexibility and determine which segment of the SBL resulted in the greatest increase in flexibility. METHODS 94 volunteers were randomly assigned to a control group or to one of the five intervention groups. In the intervention groups, SMR was applied to one of the five segments of the SBL (plantar fascia, posterior part of the sural fascia, posterior part of the crural fascia, lumbar fascia or epicranial aponeurosis) for 10 min. The analyzed variables were hamstring flexibility at 30 s, 2, 5, and 10 min, and dorsiflexion range of motion before and after the intervention. RESULTS Hamstring flexibility and ankle dorsiflexion improved when SMR was performed on any of the SBL segments. The segments with the greatest effect were the posterior part of the sural fascia when the intervention was brief (30 s to 2 min) or the posterior part of the crural fascia when the intervention was longer (5 or 10 min). In general, 50% of the flexibility gain was obtained during the first 2 min of SMR. CONCLUSIONS The SBL may be considered a functional structure, and SMR to any of the segments can improve hamstring flexibility and ankle dorsiflexion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fauris
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (C.L.-d.-C.); (M.C.-V.); (J.C.M.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.); (N.L.-L.); (M.S.)
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carlos López-de-Celis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (C.L.-d.-C.); (M.C.-V.); (J.C.M.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.); (N.L.-L.); (M.S.)
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
- Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a I’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Max Canet-Vintró
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (C.L.-d.-C.); (M.C.-V.); (J.C.M.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.); (N.L.-L.); (M.S.)
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Martin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (C.L.-d.-C.); (M.C.-V.); (J.C.M.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.); (N.L.-L.); (M.S.)
| | - Luis Llurda-Almuzara
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (C.L.-d.-C.); (M.C.-V.); (J.C.M.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.); (N.L.-L.); (M.S.)
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (C.L.-d.-C.); (M.C.-V.); (J.C.M.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.); (N.L.-L.); (M.S.)
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Noé Labata-Lezaun
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (C.L.-d.-C.); (M.C.-V.); (J.C.M.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.); (N.L.-L.); (M.S.)
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Mathias Simon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (C.L.-d.-C.); (M.C.-V.); (J.C.M.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.); (N.L.-L.); (M.S.)
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Albert Pérez-Bellmunt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; (P.F.); (C.L.-d.-C.); (M.C.-V.); (J.C.M.); (L.L.-A.); (J.R.-S.); (N.L.-L.); (M.S.)
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
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Castro-Piñero J, Marin-Jimenez N, Fernandez-Santos JR, Martin-Acosta F, Segura-Jimenez V, Izquierdo-Gomez R, Ruiz JR, Cuenca-Garcia M. Criterion-Related Validity of Field-Based Fitness Tests in Adults: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163743. [PMID: 34442050 PMCID: PMC8397016 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We comprehensively assessed the criterion-related validity of existing field-based fitness tests used to indicate adult health (19–64 years, with no known pathologies). The medical electronic databases MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Web of Science (all databases) were screened for studies published up to July 2020. Each original study’s methodological quality was classified as high, low and very low, according to the number of participants, the description of the study population, statistical analysis and systematic reviews which were appraised via the AMSTAR rating scale. Three evidence levels were constructed (strong, moderate and limited evidence) according to the number of studies and the consistency of the findings. We identified 101 original studies (50 of high quality) and five systematic reviews examining the criterion-related validity of field-based fitness tests in adults. Strong evidence indicated that the 20 m shuttle run, 1.5-mile, 12 min run/walk, YMCA step, 2 km walk and 6 min walk test are valid for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness; the handgrip strength test is valid for assessing hand maximal isometric strength; and the Biering–Sørensen test to evaluate the endurance strength of hip and back muscles; however, the sit-and reach test, and its different versions, and the toe-to-touch test are not valid for assessing hamstring and lower back flexibility. We found moderate evidence supporting that the 20 m square shuttle run test is a valid test for estimating cardiorespiratory fitness. Other field-based fitness tests presented limited evidence, mainly due to few studies. We developed an evidence-based proposal of the most valid field-based fitness tests in healthy adults aged 19–64 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, Puerto Real, 11519 Cádiz, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (J.R.F.-S.); (F.M.-A.); (V.S.-J.); (R.I.-G.); (M.C.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Nuria Marin-Jimenez
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, Puerto Real, 11519 Cádiz, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (J.R.F.-S.); (F.M.-A.); (V.S.-J.); (R.I.-G.); (M.C.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-956-016-253
| | - Jorge R. Fernandez-Santos
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, Puerto Real, 11519 Cádiz, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (J.R.F.-S.); (F.M.-A.); (V.S.-J.); (R.I.-G.); (M.C.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Fatima Martin-Acosta
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, Puerto Real, 11519 Cádiz, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (J.R.F.-S.); (F.M.-A.); (V.S.-J.); (R.I.-G.); (M.C.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Victor Segura-Jimenez
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, Puerto Real, 11519 Cádiz, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (J.R.F.-S.); (F.M.-A.); (V.S.-J.); (R.I.-G.); (M.C.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Rocio Izquierdo-Gomez
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, Puerto Real, 11519 Cádiz, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (J.R.F.-S.); (F.M.-A.); (V.S.-J.); (R.I.-G.); (M.C.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, School of Sports Science, University of Granada, 18007 Granada, Spain;
| | - Magdalena Cuenca-Garcia
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, Puerto Real, 11519 Cádiz, Spain; (J.C.-P.); (J.R.F.-S.); (F.M.-A.); (V.S.-J.); (R.I.-G.); (M.C.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
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Park JH, Seo MW, Jung HC, Song JK, Lee JM. Association between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Respiratory Diseases in Adolescents: An Age- and Gender-Matched Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126655. [PMID: 34205703 PMCID: PMC8296502 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the differences in health-related physical fitness (HRPF), physical activity (PA), and sedentary behavior (SB) between adolescents with and without ongoing respiratory diseases (RD). This study's participants were from 12 to 15 years old (7th-10th grade) in South Korea. Adolescents with RD were selected through RD-related questions (i.e., asthma, rhinitis, sinusitis, and bronchitis) (n = 139); in contrast, adolescents without RD, randomly selected from the general group, responded to any health problem-related questions as "No" (n = 139). HRPF was measured based on the FITNESSGRAM and EURO FIT test batteries and the measurements of HRPF included cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition. All statistical analyses were conducted by SPSS 25.0, and the independent t-test was used to compare the HRPF and PA between the two groups. Moreover, the measured HRPF was compared with a series of analyses of three-way ANOVAs (age × gender × group). Adolescents with RD had a positive association with less participation in PA (p < 0.05; RD: 3081.81 ± 4793.37; general: 2073.64 ± 3123.47) and with more time spent on SB (above 12 h per week: RD group (38.85%) and general group (33.09%)). Furthermore, adolescents in the RD group showed significant effects on all components of HRPF (p < 0.05). Our study confirmed that HRPF is an essential predictor of adolescents' health outcomes, especially for those with RD. We suggest that increased HRPF can be an effective treatment for respiratory diseases in adolescents, and health practitioners should pay more attention to helping adolescents with RD to gain or maintain high HRPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hui Park
- Department of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Myong-Won Seo
- Department of Taekwondo, Kyung Hee University (Global CAMPUS), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (M.-W.S.); (J.-K.S.)
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Department of Coaching, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Jong-Kook Song
- Department of Taekwondo, Kyung Hee University (Global CAMPUS), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (M.-W.S.); (J.-K.S.)
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence:
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21
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MacMillan C, Olivier B, Benjamin-Damons N. The interrater and intrarater reliability of the flexibility and strength tests included in the Sport Science Lab ® screening protocol amongst professional rugby players. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2021; 77:1504. [PMID: 34007937 PMCID: PMC8111643 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v77i1.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the injury incidence rate (IR) associated with elite-level rugby, measures to reduce players' injury risk are important. Establishing scientifically sound, pre-season musculoskeletal screening protocols forms part of injury prevention strategies. Objective To determine the interrater and intrarater reliability of the flexibility and strength tests included in the Sport Science Lab® (SSL) screening protocol. Methods We determine the interrater and intrarater reliability of 11 flexibility and nine strength tests. Twenty-four injury-free, elite, adult (> 18 years), male rugby players were screened by two raters on two occasions. To establish intrarater and interrater reliability, Gwet's AC1, AC2 and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used for the analysis of binary, ordinal and continuous variables, respectively. Statistical significance was set at 95%. Results Flexibility tests which require lineal measurement had at least substantial interrater (ICC = 0.70-0.96) and intrarater reliability (ICC = 0.89-0.97). Most of the flexibility tests with binary outcomes attained almost perfect interrater and intrarater reliability (Gwet's AC1 = 0.8-0.97). All strength tests attained at least substantial interrater (Gwet's AC2 = 0.73-0.96) and intrarater (Gwet's AC2 = 0.67-0.97) reliability. Conclusion The level of interrater and intrarater reliability of most of the flexibility and strength tests investigated supports their use to quantify various aspects of neuromusculoskeletal qualities and possible intrinsic risk factors amongst elite rugby players. Clinical implications Establishing the reliability of tests, is one step to support the inclusion thereof in official screening protocols. Results of our study, verify the reliability of the simple, clinically friendly strength and flexibility tests included and therefore support their use as preparticipation screening tools for rugby players. Further investigation as to the association thereof to athletes' injury risk and performance is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice MacMillan
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Benita Olivier
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Natalie Benjamin-Damons
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Abstract
Flexibility refers to the intrinsic properties of body tissues that determine maximal joint range of motion without causing injury. For many years, flexibility has been classified by the American College of Sports Medicine as a major component of physical fitness. The notion flexibility is important for fitness has also led to the idea static stretching should be prescribed to improve flexibility. The current paper proposes flexibility be retired as a major component of physical fitness, and consequently, stretching be de-emphasized as a standard component of exercise prescriptions for most populations. First, I show flexibility has little predictive or concurrent validity with health and performance outcomes (e.g., mortality, falls, occupational performance) in apparently healthy individuals, particularly when viewed in light of the other major components of fitness (i.e., body composition, cardiovascular endurance, muscle endurance, muscle strength). Second, I explain that if flexibility requires improvement, this does not necessitate a prescription of stretching in most populations. Flexibility can be maintained or improved by exercise modalities that cause more robust health benefits than stretching (e.g., resistance training). Retirement of flexibility as a major component of physical fitness will simplify fitness batteries; save time and resources dedicated to flexibility instruction, measurement, and evaluation; and prevent erroneous conclusions about fitness status when interpreting flexibility scores. De-emphasis of stretching in exercise prescriptions will ensure stretching does not negatively impact other exercise and does not take away from time that could be allocated to training activities that have more robust health and performance benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Nuzzo
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, Australia, 2031.
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Concurrent Validity and Reliability of a Novel Visual Analogue Fitness Perception Scale for Adolescents (FP VAS A). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073457. [PMID: 33810455 PMCID: PMC8037782 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Self-reported physical fitness (PF) provides an accurate measure of PF, specifically for young people. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is one of the most used psychosocial measurement methods. The main arguments in favor of VAS are its ease of use and comprehension, particularly for less educated participants. There are some scales that assess self-perception of PF, but the VAS presented in this study covers a higher range of responses and a number of variables than other already validated measures. Aims: The aim was to determine the concurrent validity of the Visual Analogue Fitness Perception Scale for Adolescents (FP VAS A) (Sub-study 1) and check its reliability (Sub-study 2). Methods: Anthropometric and body composition measurements were performed, as well as PF tests (manual dynamometry, Course Navette, 4 × 10 m, and sit and reach). The International Fitness Scale (IFIS) and FP VAS A were used to assess self-reported PF. Results: Two sub-studies were carried out: in sub-study 1 a total of 67 students (26 males and 41 females aged 12–16 years) participated. The results showed a significant direct correlation between the level of PF and self-perception of PF (IFIS and FP VAS A), with the FP VAS A obtaining a higher correlation with PF (r = 0.444 to 0.666) than the IFIS and PF (r = 0.154 to 0.557). In sub-study 2 (test–retest of the FP VAS A), a total of 217 students (120 males and 97 females aged 12–17 years) participated. It showed a moderate reliability for all items; the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was between 0.800 and 0.870, and kappa values ranged from 0.622 (endurance) to 0.458 (flexibility). In addition, Cronbach’s α for the total was 0.860. Conclusion: This study showed good validity and reliability for the FP VAS A in adolescents.
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Pradas F, Ara I, Toro V, Courel-Ibáñez J. Benefits of Regular Table Tennis Practice in Body Composition and Physical Fitness Compared to Physically Active Children Aged 10-11 Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2854. [PMID: 33799620 PMCID: PMC8000723 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the differences in body composition and physical fitness between children who played table tennis regularly during a two-year period compared to physically active children who were not engaged in a regular activity. Three hundred seventy-four children aged 10 to 11 years were divided into two groups: table tennis players (n = 109 boys and 73 girls) and physically active group (n = 88 boys and 104 girls). Anthropometric analysis included body mass index, skinfolds, perimeters and bone diameters. Somatotype and body composition were determined according to age-specific equations. Physical fitness assessment included hand grip dynamometry (strength), sit-and-reach test (range of movement) and maximal multistage 20 m shuttle run test (cardiovascular fitness). The result show that children who regularly played table tennis had greater bone development and superior physical fitness compared to those who were physically active but not engaged in a regular physical activity. This is the largest study to date presenting data about the potential of table tennis to benefit health in children. These results constitute an important first step in clarifying the effectiveness of table tennis as a health-promotion strategy to encourage children to undertake regular physical activity and limit sedentary behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pradas
- Research Group Training, Physical Activity and Sports Performance (ENFYRED), University of Zaragoza, 22003 Huesca, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Ara
- Research Group Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD), Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
| | - Víctor Toro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sports Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, University Avenue, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | - Javier Courel-Ibáñez
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain
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Straight Leg Raise Test: Influence of Lumbosant© and Assistant Examiner in Hip, Pelvis Tilt and Lumbar Lordosis. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12060927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The passive straight leg raise (PSLR) test is widely used to assess hamstring extensibility. However, to accurately measure hamstring extensibility throughout PSLR, appropriate stabilization of the pelvis must be provided in order to minimize the possible influence of any compensatory movement in the scores reached. The main purpose of this study was to demonstrate the degree of influence of the Lumbosant© and an assistant examiner in hamstring extensibility in healthy young adults. A secondary objective was to verify the variability of the posterior pelvic tilt movement. Hamstring muscle extensibility was measured using the traditional (only an examiner) and new (using a low-back protection support Lumbosant© and two trained [principal and assistant] examiners) PSLR procedures. Correlation coefficients were expressed using r values, accompanying descriptors and 90% confidence intervals. Variance explained was expressed via the R2 statistic. To examine possible differences, the Mann-Whitney U-test was conducted. Additionally, Cohen’s d was calculated for all results, and the magnitudes of the effect were interpreted and statistical significance set at p < 0.05. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between scores and values. The final score that was determined with the new PSLR is significantly lower (13° approximately) than the one obtained through the traditional procedure (75.3 ± 14.4° vs. 89.2 ± 20.8°; d = −0.777 [moderate]). The data presented in this study suggest that the PSLR may overestimate hamstring extensibility unless lumbopelvic movement is controlled. Therefore, we recommend the use of Lumbosant© and an auxiliary examiner to obtain more accurate hamstring extensibility scores.
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Flexibility in Spanish Elite Inline Hockey Players: Profile, Sex, Tightness and Asymmetry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093295. [PMID: 32397351 PMCID: PMC7246566 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Limited ranges of motion (ROM) have been considered as a relevant risk factor for team sports injuries. The main purposes of the current study were to describe the lower extremity ROM profile, muscular tightness and asymmetries in elite inline hockey players and to examine sex-related differences. Twenty professional inline hockey players from 2 Spanish National Teams (male and female) were measured of passive hip extension [HE], hip adduction with hip flexed 90° [HAD-HF], hip flexion with the knee flexed [HF-KF] and extended [HF-KE], hip abduction with the hip neutral [HAB] and hip flexed 90° [HAB-HF], hip external [HER] and internal [HIR] rotation, knee flexion [KF], ankle dorsiflexion with the knee flexed [ADF-KF] and extended [ADF-KE] ROMs of the dominant and non-dominant leg ROMs were taken. A paired t-test was carried out to assess asymmetries. ROM values were classified as “normal versus tightness”, and “normal versus asymmetry” according to the proposed reference values. The effect size for each variable was analyzed. Male team exhibited asymmetry in HF-KF (133.2° dominant vs. 129.8° non-dominant; p = 0.042; d = 0.7243 [moderate effect sizes]) and female team in ADF-KF (38.8° dominant vs. 41.0 non-dominant; p = 0.001; d = 0.6 [moderate effect sizes]) and HAB ROM (41.2° dominant vs. 38.8 non-dominant; p = 0.005; d = 1.1767 [moderate effect sizes]). Male players reported asymmetry in HAD-HF (n = 5), HER (n = 4) and HE (n = 3), whereas female players presented asymmetries in HER (n = 4), HE (n = 3) and KF (n = 2). Overall, 20–100% of all participants showed limited KF, HF_KE, HIR, HE, ADF_KF, HAD-HF, HF-KF, ADF_KE, HTR and HER ROM. The results of this study reinforce the requirement of prescribing exercises aimed at improving hip, knee and ankle ROM within everyday inline hockey practices. In addition, as some asymmetries were found, unilateral flexibility training should be considered where appropriate.
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ROMMERS NIKKI, RÖSSLER ROLAND, VERHAGEN EVERT, VANDECASTEELE FLORIAN, VERSTOCKT STEVEN, VAEYENS ROEL, LENOIR MATTHIEU, D’HONDT E, WITVROUW ERIK. A Machine Learning Approach to Assess Injury Risk in Elite Youth Football Players. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:1745-1751. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Fathi A, Hammami R, Moran J, Borji R, Sahli S, Rebai H. Effect of a 16-Week Combined Strength and Plyometric Training Program Followed by a Detraining Period on Athletic Performance in Pubertal Volleyball Players. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:2117-2127. [PMID: 29401199 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fathi, A, Hammami, R, Moran, J, Borji, R, Sahli, S, and Rebai, H. Effect of a 16-week combined strength and plyometric training program followed by a detraining period on athletic performance in pubertal volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res 33(8): 2117-2127, 2019-The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 16 weeks of combined strength and plyometric training or plyometric training alone and how a detraining program can modify adaptations in response to the training stimulus. Sixty male volleyball players (circa peak-height-velocity [PHV]: -1 to +1 year from PHV) were assigned to a combined training group (CTG) (n = 20), a plyometric training group (PTG) (n = 20), or a control group (n = 20). The experimental groups (CTG and PTG) participated in training twice weekly for 16 weeks. Thigh muscle volume, body fat, flexibility, sprint, jump height, and medicine ball throw were measured before and after the intervention and after the period of detraining. Respectively, the CTG and PTG showed increases in thigh muscle volume (effect size: 0.71 and 0.42) and decreases in body fat (-0.42 and -0.34), as well as improvements in 5-m sprint (-0.69 and -0.46), 10-m sprint (-0.31 and -0.3), lower-body muscle power (0.44 and 0.36), and upper-body muscle power (1.32 and 0.7). After the detraining period, all groups maintained previously attained muscle power (6.79-9.87%; p < 0.001). In conclusion, combined strength and plyometric training provided better improvements than plyometric training only. The combination of strength and plyometric training is a time-effective training modality that confers improvements in physical performance measures, muscle size, and body fat. A temporary period of detraining may not undermine performance gains in pubertal volleyball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abed Fathi
- Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education-Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Raouf Hammami
- Department of Sport, Tunisian Research Laboratory "Sports Performance Optimization," National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jason Moran
- Department of Sport, University Center Hartpury (University of the West of England), Gloucestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Rihab Borji
- Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education-Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Sahli
- Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education-Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Education, Motor Skills, Sport and Health, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education-Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Hui SSC, Zhang R, Suzuki K, Naito H, Balasekaran G, Song JK, Park SY, Liou YM, Lu D, Poh BK, Kijboonchoo K, Thasanasuwan W. Physical activity and health-related fitness in Asian adolescents: The Asia-fit study. J Sports Sci 2019; 38:273-279. [PMID: 31774367 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1695334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate and compare physical activity (PA) and health-related fitness in Asian adolescents, and to examine the associations between meeting PA guidelines and attaining fitness standards. Methods: A sample of 12,590 adolescents (Mage = 13.63 years, SD = 1.01) from eight Asian metropolitan cities completed measurements of PA, five field-based fitness tests, and covariates. The fitness test scores were further classified into Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ) or Needs Improvement Zone (NIZ). Results: Findings showed that adolescents' levels of PA and fitness components differed by cities. City differences were also found in proportions of meeting PA guidelines and achieving the HFZs of aerobic capacity, muscular fitness, and body composition. After controlling covariates, meeting PA guidelines positively associated with being in the HFZs of aerobic and muscular fitness, but the association was not significant with being in the body composition HFZ. Conclusion: There was a large variation in PA and health-related fitness in adolescents across the eight Asian cities. Asian adolescents achieving PA guidelines were more likely to be in the HFZ of aerobic and muscular fitness. Prospective follow-up studies are warranted to gain better insights into the relationships between objectively-measured PA and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Sai-Chuen Hui
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Govindasamy Balasekaran
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jong-Kook Song
- College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Park
- Department of Physical Education, Yong In University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yiing-Mei Liou
- Institute of Community Health Care, School of Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dajiang Lu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Bee Koon Poh
- Nutritional Sciences Programme & Centre for Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Lovell TWJ, Fransen J, Bocking CJ, Coutts AJ. Factors affecting sports involvement in a school-based youth cohort: Implications for long-term athletic development. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:2522-2529. [PMID: 31409199 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1647032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the factors affecting sports involvement in a school-based adolescent population. The cross-sectional cohort study assessed anthropometry, physical capacities and motor competence in 501 boys (aged 10-16 y), from junior (10-12 y) and senior (13-16 y) cohorts. Sports participation data was collected from junior participants. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed moderate maturity, anthropometry, physical capacity and motor competence differences between sports in the senior cohort (F = 2.616, p < 0.001, η2 = .08), but not in the junior cohort. Furthermore, differences in physical fitness were revealed between playing levels (F = 2.616, p < 0.001, η2 = .08), with a discriminant analysis correctly classifying 73% of participants using aerobic fitness and vertical jump measures. Representative level participants engaged in more structured training and commenced organised competition at a later age (F = 4.332, p < 0.001, η2 = .21). This study's findings are twofold: 1) physical and motor competence profiles differ more between sports with increasing age, and 2) participants at a higher level of competition report delayed engagement in their main sport. As a result, schools may be the ideal environment in which to provide children and adolescents with the opportunity to sample different sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W J Lovell
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney Australia
| | - J Fransen
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney Australia
| | - C J Bocking
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney Australia
| | - A J Coutts
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney Australia
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Cancela J, Burgo H, Sande E. Physical fitness and executive functions in adolescents: cross-sectional associations with academic achievement. J Phys Ther Sci 2019; 31:556-562. [PMID: 31417221 PMCID: PMC6642897 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.31.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study analyzed the relationship between fitness and executive functions in adolescents and its influence on academic achievement. [Participants and Methods] The design was cross-sectional. The sample included 713 adolescents (14.2 ± 1.5 years old). Physical fitness was evaluated using flexibility test, strength test, balance test and aerobic test. Executive function was evaluated with the tests (Stroop, Symbol digit, Trail making, Wechsler memory, and MESSY scale). Academic performance was evaluated through the school records. A partial correlational analysis of physical fitness and executive functions with respect to academic achievement was carried out. A multivariate linear regression was performed to identify the physical component model that best defined each of the executive functions. [Results] The analysis showed how academic achievement is significantly influenced, from a physical point of view, by resistance strength (r=0.21), aerobic endurance (r=0.188), and flexibility (r=0.17), whereas from a cognitive point of view it is significantly influenced by inhibition/interference (r=0.25), working memory (r=0.10) and processing speed (r=0.18). [Conclusion] The results indicate that the physical fitness and executive function are closely related and both have a significant influence on academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Cancela
- Faculty of Education and Sport Science, University of Vigo: Campus a Xunqueira, s/n, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Helier Burgo
- Faculty of Education and Sport Science, University of Vigo: Campus a Xunqueira, s/n, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Estefania Sande
- Faculty of Education and Sport Science, University of Vigo: Campus a Xunqueira, s/n, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
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Messiah SE, D'Agostino EM, Patel HH, Hansen E, Mathew MS, Arheart KL. Changes in cardiovascular health and physical fitness in ethnic youth with intellectual disabilities participating in a park-based afterschool programme for two years. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2019; 32:1478-1489. [PMID: 31219677 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth with intellectual disabilities are more likely to be an unhealthy weight and less physically active than youth without intellectual disability. OBJECTIVE The effects of Fit2Play, a park-based afterschool programme on cardiovascular/fitness health outcomes among youth with intellectual disability, were prospectively assessed. METHODS Youth ages 6 to 22 with intellectual disability who participated in Fit2Play for either one or two school years between 2010 and 2016 (N = 297, mean age 14.1 years, 70% Hispanic, 20% non-Hispanic black, 72% male) were examined via a fitness battery at the beginning/end of the school year(s). Effects of length of Fit2Play participation on body mass index (BMI) %ile, skinfold thicknesses, systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) %iles, fitness tests, and health and wellness knowledge) were evaluated via two-level repeated measures analysis adjusted for child gender, age, ethnicity and area-level poverty. RESULTS Adjusted models showed that up to two years of Fit2Play participation was significantly associated with improved BMI %ile, skinfold thicknesses, SPB/DBP %iles and PACER scores (p < 0.05 for all). One and two years of programme participation was associated with a 6% [95% CI: 0.92, 0.96] and 10% [95% CI: 0.87, 0.93] reduction in SBP%ile, respectively (p < 0.001), and a 36% [95% CI: 1.28, 1.45] and 57% [95% CI: 1.44, 1.70] increase in PACER score laps, respectively, compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS Results here suggest that park-based, structured afterschool programmes with a focus on health and wellness can be a rich resource for this nation by offering both exclusive and immersion programmes for children with intellectual disability to foster cardiovascular health in all youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Messiah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Emily M D'Agostino
- Miami-Dade County Department of Parks, Recreation and Open Spaces, Miami, Florida
| | - Hersila H Patel
- Miami-Dade County Department of Parks, Recreation and Open Spaces, Miami, Florida
| | - Eric Hansen
- Miami-Dade County Department of Parks, Recreation and Open Spaces, Miami, Florida
| | - Matthew Sunil Mathew
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Kristopher L Arheart
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Morales Mestre N, Papaleo A, Morales Hidalgo V, Caty G, Reychler G. Physical Activity Program Improves Functional Exercise Capacity and Flexibility in Extremely Preterm Children With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Aged 4–6 Years: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Arch Bronconeumol 2018; 54:607-613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ayán Pérez C, Álvarez Pérez S, González Baamonde S, Martínez de Quel Ó. Influence of the Box Dimensions on the Reliability and Validity of the Sit and Reach in Preschoolers. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 34:2683-2692. [PMID: 30363037 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ayán Pérez, C, Martínez de Quel, Ó, Álvarez Pérez, S, and González Baamonde, S. Influence of the box dimensions on the reliability and validity of the sit and reach in preschoolers. J Strength Cond Res 34(9): 2683-2692, 2020-This study aimed at analyzing the reliability and validity of the sit and reach (SR) test, when it was performed with a standard SR (SSR) or an adapted SR (ASR) box in preschoolers. To accomplish this, both tests were administered 3 times (familiarization, test, and retest) to a group of 148 children (mean age, 4.99 ± 0.94 years; 49.3% girls), with a week interval between each assessment. The obtained results in each test were compared with those obtained in the passive straight leg raise (PSLR) test with the aim of identifying their construct validity. The internal consistency was found to be between good and excellent for the SSR (α: 0.83-0.92) and excellent for the ASR (α: 0.92-0.96). The SSR showed a good and a fair reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.71-0.86), whereas the ASR showed an excellent reliability (ICC, 0.90-0.94) except for the 3-year-old children group (ICC, 0.84). Absolute reliability was excellent for the ASR, whereas the SSR yielded higher SEM and minimum detectable change percentage values. Regarding the criterion-related validity, statistically significant fair correlations were observed between both SR tests and the PSLR test. The ASR yielded higher levels of statistical significance as well as greater correlation coefficients than the SSR. This finding indicates that when it comes to assess flexibility through a low cost and easy-to-implement lineal test in preschoolers, it is advisable to use the SR with a box of reduced dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ayán Pérez
- Well-Move Research Group, Department of Special Didactics, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sofía Álvarez Pérez
- Department of Physical Education, Rosalía de Castro Private School, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Óscar Martínez de Quel
- Department of Didactics of Languages, Arts and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; and
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Gunnell KE, Longmuir PE, Barnes JD, Belanger K, Tremblay MS. Refining the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy based on theory and factor analyses. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1044. [PMID: 30285682 PMCID: PMC6167769 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL) is a 25-indicator assessment tool comprising four domains of physical literacy: (1) Physical Competence, (2) Daily Behaviour, (3) Motivation and Confidence, and (4) Knowledge and Understanding. The purpose of this study was to re-examine the factor structure of CAPL scores and the relative weight of each domain for an overall physical literacy factor. Our goal was to maximize content representation, and reduce construct irrelevant variance and participant burden, to inform the development of CAPL-2 (a revised, shorter, and theoretically stronger version of CAPL). METHODS Canadian children (n = 10,034; Mage = 10.6, SD = 1.2; 50.1% girls) completed CAPL testing at one time point. Confirmatory factor analysis was used. RESULTS Based on weak factor loadings (λs < 0.32) and conceptual alignment, we removed body mass index, waist circumference, sit-and-reach flexibility, and grip strength as indicators of Physical Competence. Based on the factor loading (λ < 0.35) and conceptual alignment, we removed screen time as an indicator of Daily Behaviour. To reduce redundancy, we removed children's activity compared to other children as an indicator of Motivation and Confidence. Based on low factor loadings (λs < 0.35) and conceptual alignment, we removed knowledge of screen time guidelines, what it means to be healthy, how to improve fitness, activity preferences, and physical activity safety gear indicators from the Knowledge and Understanding domain. The final refined CAPL model was comprised of 14 indicators, and the four-factor correlated model fit the data well (r ranged from 0.08 to 0.76), albeit with an unexpected cross-loading from Daily Behaviour to knowledge of physical activity guidelines (mean- and variance-adjusted weighted least square [WLSMV] χ2(70) = 1221.29, p < 0.001, Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.947, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.041[0.039, 0.043]). Finally, our higher-order model with Physical Literacy as a factor with indicators of Physical Competence (λ = 0.68), Daily Behaviour (λ = 0.91), Motivation and Confidence (λ = 0.80), and Knowledge and Understanding (λ = 0.21) fit the data well. CONCLUSIONS The scores from the revised and much shorter 14-indicator model of CAPL can be used to assess the four correlated domains of physical literacy and/or a higher-order aggregate physical literacy factor. The results of this investigation will inform the development of CAPL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E. Gunnell
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1 Canada
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, 550 Loeb Building, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Patricia E. Longmuir
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1 Canada
| | - Joel D. Barnes
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1 Canada
| | - Kevin Belanger
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1 Canada
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1 Canada
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Messiah SE, D'Agostino EM, Patel HH, Hansen E, Mathew MS, Arheart KL. Sex differences in fitness outcomes among minority youth after participation in a park-based after-school program. Ann Epidemiol 2018; 28:432-439. [PMID: 29703522 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to describe sex differences in fitness outcomes after participation in Fit2Play, a park-based after-school health and wellness program. METHODS Youth who participated in Fit2Play for either 1, 2, or 3 school years between 2010 and 2016 (n = 2129, mean age 9.1 years, 52% Hispanic, 48% non-Hispanic black, 54% male) were tested via a comprehensive fitness battery at the beginning/end of the school year(s). Effects of length of Fit2Play participation on fitness outcomes were assessed via three-level repeated measures analysis stratified by sex and adjusted for child sociodemographics, weight category, area poverty, and year. RESULTS Significant improvements for boys and girls were found in the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (P < .01 for girls, P < .001 for boys), 400 meter run tests (P < .001 for girls, P < .01 for boys), and push-ups (P < .01 for both), with dose-response trends for girls after up to 3 years of Fit2Play participation. From baseline to 1, 2, and 3 years of participation, girls demonstrated 8%, 14%, and 23% mean improvement in 400 meter run times versus 9%, 9%, and 17% for boys, respectively (P < .001 for all). Dose-response improvements were also found in girls for PACER scores and sit-ups. CONCLUSIONS After-school physical activity programs can improve fitness in all youth, and particularly girls with increased years of participation. Further research should examine sex differences in the effects of park-/community-based programs to reduce sex disparities in fitness, particularly in light of the current youth obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Messiah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
| | | | | | - Eric Hansen
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Open Spaces, Miami, FL
| | - M Sunil Mathew
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Kristopher L Arheart
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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Grant MC, Glen J. An investigation into sleep patterns and the effect of time of day on performance in youth swimmers. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1424774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Clare Grant
- Division of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, UK
| | - Jonathan Glen
- Dundee Academy of Sport, Abertay University, Dundee, UK
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38
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Lovell TWJ, Bocking CJ, Fransen J, Coutts AJ. A multidimensional approach to factors influencing playing level and position in a school-based soccer programme. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2017.1420208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. W. J. Lovell
- Sydney, Sport & Exercise Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - C. J. Bocking
- Sydney, Sport & Exercise Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - J. Fransen
- Sydney, Sport & Exercise Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. J. Coutts
- Sydney, Sport & Exercise Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
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D'Agostino EM, Patel HH, Hansen E, Mathew MS, Nardi M, Messiah SE. Longitudinal analysis of cardiovascular disease risk profile in neighbourhood poverty subgroups: 5-year results from an afterschool fitness programme in the USA. J Epidemiol Community Health 2017; 72:193-201. [PMID: 29175865 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2017-209333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WHO calls for affordable population-based prevention strategies for reducing the global burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) on morbidity and mortality; however, effective, sustainable and accessible community-based approaches for CVD prevention in at-risk youth have yet to be identified. We examined the effects of implementing a daily park-based afterschool fitness programme on youth CVD risk profiles over 5 years and across area poverty subgroups. METHODS The study included 2264 youth (mean age 9.4 years, 54% male, 50% Hispanic, 47% non-Hispanic black, 70% high/very high area poverty) in Miami, Florida, USA. We used three-level repeated measures mixed models to determine the longitudinal effects of programme participation on modifiable CVD outcomes (2010-2016). RESULTS Duration of programme participation was significantly associated with CVD risk profile improvements, including body mass index (BMI) z-score, diastolic/systolic blood pressure, skinfold thicknesses, waist-hip ratio, sit-ups, push-ups, Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) score, 400 m run time, probability of developing systolic/diastolic hypertension and overweight/obesity in high/very high poverty neighbourhoods (P<0.001). Diastolic blood pressure decreased 3.4 percentile points (95% CI -5.85 to -0.85), 8.1 percentile points (95% CI -11.98 to -4.26), 6.1 percentile points (95% CI -11.49 to -0.66), 7.6 percentile points (95% CI -15.33 to -0.15) and 11.4 percentile points (95% CI -25.32 to 2.61) for 1-5 years, respectively, in high/very high poverty areas. In contrast, significant improvements were found only for PACER score and waist-hip ratio in low/mid poverty areas. CONCLUSION This analysis presents compelling evidence demonstrating that park-based afterschool programmes can successfully maintain or improve at-risk youth CVD profiles over multiple years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M D'Agostino
- Health and Fitness Division, Miami-Dade County Department of Parks, Recreation and Open Spaces, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Hersila H Patel
- Health and Fitness Division, Miami-Dade County Department of Parks, Recreation and Open Spaces, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eric Hansen
- Health and Fitness Division, Miami-Dade County Department of Parks, Recreation and Open Spaces, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - M Sunil Mathew
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maria Nardi
- Health and Fitness Division, Miami-Dade County Department of Parks, Recreation and Open Spaces, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah E Messiah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Miyamoto N, Miyamoto-Mikami E, Hirata K, Kimura N, Fuku N. Association analysis of theACTN3R577X polymorphism with passive muscle stiffness and muscle strain injury. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:1209-1214. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Miyamoto
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya; Kanoya Japan
| | | | - K. Hirata
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya; Kanoya Japan
| | - N. Kimura
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya; Kanoya Japan
| | - N. Fuku
- Juntendo University; Chiba Japan
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Vanhelst J, Labreuche J, Béghin L, Drumez E, Fardy PS, Chapelot D, Mikulovic J, Ulmer Z. Physical Fitness Reference Standards in French Youth: The BOUGE Program. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 31:1709-1718. [PMID: 28538324 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish sex- and age-specific physical fitness percentiles in French youth. A sample of 11,186 children and adolescents (5,546 boys and 5,640 girls), aged between 10 and 15 years, was assessed in the French national BOUGE study. Participants were tested for their cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular endurance, speed, flexibility, and agility using the following tests: 20-m shuttle run tests, curl-ups test, 50-m sprint test, back-saver sit and reach test, and 10 × 5-m shuttle run test. Percentile values were estimated for French youth as a function of age stratified by sex using the generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS). In general, physical fitness was better in boys than in girls, except for the back-saver sit and reach test, in which girls performed better. Except for the back-saver sit and reach test and 10 × 5-m shuttle run test, physical fitness performance was significantly associated with age. Sex- and age-specific normative values for physical fitness tests in French youth expressed as percentiles from the fifth to the 95th are provided. Reference values provide normative data for French youth. The data are useful in identifying special needs for appropriate intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Vanhelst
- 1Lille Inflammation Research International Center, University of Lille, Inserm, Lille, France; 2Clinical Investigation Center, University of Lille, Inserm, Lille, France; 3Laboratory LACES, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; 4Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Care, University of Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France; 5Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York; 6Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit, Bobigny, France; and 7Health Unit, French Mutuality National Federation, Paris, France
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Patti A, Maggio MC, Corsello G, Messina G, Iovane A, Palma A. Evaluation of Fitness and the Balance Levels of Children with a Diagnosis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14070806. [PMID: 28753965 PMCID: PMC5551244 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a main cause of physical disability and has high economic costs for society. The purpose of this study was to assess the fitness levels and the postural and balance deficits with a specific test battery. Methods: Fifty-six subjects were enrolled in this study. Thirty-nine healthy subjects were included in the control group and seventeen in the juvenile idiopathic arthritis group. All subjects were evaluated using a posturography system. The fitness level was evaluated with a battery of tests (Abalakov test, sit-up test, hand grip test, backsaver sit and reach, the toe touch test). An unpaired t-test was used to determine differences. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between the tests. Results: The battery of tests demonstrated that subjects in the juvenile idiopathic arthritis group have lower fitness levels compared to the control group. The juvenile idiopathic arthritis group showed low postural control with respect to the control group. Pearson analysis of the juvenile idiopathic arthritis group data showed significant correlations between variables. Pearson’s results from the control group data showed a similar trend. Conclusions: The results suggest that the battery of tests used could be an appropriate tool. However, we highlight that these conclusions need to be supported by other studies with a larger population scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Patti
- Department of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Maggio
- Department of Science for the Promotion of Health and Infant Maternal "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Science for the Promotion of Health and Infant Maternal "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Messina
- Department of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
- Posturalab Italy, 90131 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Angelo Iovane
- Department of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Antonio Palma
- Department of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy.
- Regional Sport School of Sicily CONI (Olympic National Italian Committee), 90141 Palermo, Italy.
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Messiah SE, Vidot D, Hansen E, Kardys J, Sunil Matthew M, Nardi M, Arheart KL. Impact of a park-based afterschool program replicated over five years on modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors. Prev Med 2017; 95:66-73. [PMID: 27956224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Major challenges to the current childhood obesity epidemic include availability of prevention and/or treatment programs that are affordable and acc5essible. We evaluated the change in several modifiable, obesity-related cardiovascular disease risk factors after participation in Fit2Play™, a structured afterschool program housed in a large urban county parks system. Children ages 6-14 who participated in Fit2Play™ in one of 34 parks for one school year during a five-year period (2010-2015) had height, weight, 4-site skinfold thicknesses, systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), fitness tests, and a health/wellness behavior/knowledge test collected at the beginning and end of the school year. Comparison of pre/post outcome measures were assessed via general linear mixed models for normal weight, overweight, and obese participants and both aggregate and cohort/year-specific results were generated. Aggregate (N=1546, 51% Hispanic, 44% NHB) results showed after one year of participation (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2016) both the obese and overweight groups significantly decreased their mean body mass index (BMI) percentile (98th to 95th percentile, p<0.001; 91st percentile to 89th percentile, p<0.001, respectively); (Ogden et al. 2015) the normal weight group maintained a healthy BMI percentile (54.6th); (Ogden et al., 2014) mean SBP and DBP significantly decreased (3.6 percentile and 6 percentile points, respectively, p<0.001 for both). Mean number of sit-ups, push-ups, 400meter run time, and nutrition knowledge scores improved in all participants (p<0.001 for all). These findings suggest that parks-based afterschool health/wellness programs can be a low-cost, high value tool in both preventing and treating the current childhood obesity epidemic and among high-risk groups in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Messiah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Denise Vidot
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eric Hansen
- Miami Dade County Department of Parks, Recreation and Open Spaces, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jack Kardys
- Miami Dade County Department of Parks, Recreation and Open Spaces, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M Sunil Matthew
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maria Nardi
- Miami Dade County Department of Parks, Recreation and Open Spaces, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kristopher L Arheart
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Vanhelst J, Béghin L, Drumez E, Baudelet JB, Labreuche J, Chapelot D, Mikulovic J, Ulmer Z. [Physical fitness levels in French adolescents: The BOUGE program]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2016; 64:219-28. [PMID: 27592032 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high level of physical fitness is associated with cardiovascular health in adolescents. The aims of this study were to assess the levels of physical fitness of French adolescents and to determine the prevalence of these adolescents below the minimum level of cardiorespiratory fitness needed to guarantee future favorable cardiovascular profile. METHODS Participants were 12,082 French children and adolescents (5975 boys, 6107 girls) aged to 9 from 16 years. Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular endurance, speed, flexibility and speed agility were tested. The associations of physical fitness measures with adolescent's characteristics were analyzed using Student t test, one-way ANOVA, or Pearson correlations as appropriate. RESULTS Boys were physically fitter than girls, expected for flexibility (P<0.0001). Subjects of normal weight adolescents had significantly better results than overweight or obese adolescents (P<0.05 for all comparisons), but also in comparison with underweight adolescents for muscular endurance, flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness test (P<0.05). Our findings indicate that, on the basis of cardiorespiratory fitness, 16% of French boys and 7.7% of French girls have a risk of future cardiovascular disease (P<0.0001). This subgroup also performed poorly in all other tests of physical fitness used (P<0.0001). Aerobic fitness decreased significantly with the age (r=-0.168 for boys; r=-0.261 for girls). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the physical fitness of French adolescents must be improved to help protect against cardiovascular disease in adulthood, especially in boys. The study showed also a dramatically decrease of the cardiorespiratory fitness during the adolescence period. Developing and introducing a health promotion curriculum in the French schools is suggested to improve health and physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vanhelst
- U995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), Inserm, CHU de Lille, université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Centre d'investigation clinique, CIC 1403, université de Lille, Inserm, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - L Béghin
- U995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), Inserm, CHU de Lille, université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Centre d'investigation clinique, CIC 1403, université de Lille, Inserm, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - E Drumez
- EA 2694, santé publique : épidémiologie et qualité des soins, université de Lille, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - J-B Baudelet
- Centre d'investigation clinique, CIC 1403, université de Lille, Inserm, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - J Labreuche
- EA 2694, santé publique : épidémiologie et qualité des soins, université de Lille, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - D Chapelot
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Unit, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris cité, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - J Mikulovic
- Laboratoire LACES, université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Z Ulmer
- Fédération nationale mutualité française, 75015 Paris, France
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Messiah SE, Jiang S, Kardys J, Hansen E, Nardi M, Forster L. Reducing childhood obesity through coordinated care: Development of a park prescription program. World J Clin Pediatr 2016; 5:234-43. [PMID: 27610338 PMCID: PMC4978615 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v5.i3.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Major hindrances to controlling the current childhood obesity epidemic include access to prevention and/or treatment programs that are affordable, provide minimal barriers for participation, and are available to the general public. Moreover, successful childhood obesity prevention efforts will require coordinated partnerships in multiple sectors such as government, health care, school/afterschool, and the community but very few documented sustainable programs currently exist. Effective, community-based health and wellness programs with a focus on maintaining healthy weight via physical activity and healthy eating have the potential to be a powerful referral resource for pediatricians and other healthcare professionals who have young patients who are overweight/obese. The Miami Dade County Department of Parks, Recreation and Open Spaces in partnership with the University of Miami UHealth Systems have created a "Park Prescription Program (Parks Rx 4Health(TM))" that formally coordinates pediatricians, families, parents, caregivers, and child/adolescents to provide daily obesity-prevention activities. This Parks Rx 4Health(TM) program that we describe here allows UHealth pediatricians to seamlessly refer their overweight and obese patients to Fit2Play(TM), an evidence-based, park-based afterschool health and wellness program. Measurable outcomes that include body mass index, blood pressure, fitness, and nutrition knowledge are being collected at baseline and at 3-and 6-mo after referral to document patient progress. Results are then shared with the referring physician so they can follow up with the patient if necessary. Identifying successful models that integrate primary care, public health, and community-based efforts is important to accelerating progress in preventing childhood obesity. Effective, community-based health and wellness programs with a focus on physical activity and nutrition education could be a powerful referral resource for pediatricians who have obese patients.
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Moral-Muñoz JA, Esteban-Moreno B, Arroyo-Morales M, Cobo MJ, Herrera-Viedma E. Agreement Between Face-to-Face and Free Software Video Analysis for Assessing Hamstring Flexibility in Adolescents. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 29:2661-5. [PMID: 26313580 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the level of agreement between face-to-face hamstring flexibility measurements and free software video analysis in adolescents. Reduced hamstring flexibility is common in adolescents (75% of boys and 35% of girls aged 10). The length of the hamstring muscle has an important role in both the effectiveness and the efficiency of basic human movements, and reduced hamstring flexibility is related to various musculoskeletal conditions. There are various approaches to measuring hamstring flexibility with high reliability; the most commonly used approaches in the scientific literature are the sit-and-reach test, hip joint angle (HJA), and active knee extension. The assessment of hamstring flexibility using video analysis could help with adolescent flexibility follow-up. Fifty-four adolescents from a local school participated in a descriptive study of repeated measures using a crossover design. Active knee extension and HJA were measured with an inclinometer and were simultaneously recorded with a video camera. Each video was downloaded to a computer and subsequently analyzed using Kinovea 0.8.15, a free software application for movement analysis. All outcome measures showed reliability estimates with α > 0.90. The lowest reliability was obtained for HJA (α = 0.91). The preliminary findings support the use of a free software tool for assessing hamstring flexibility, offering health professionals a useful tool for adolescent flexibility follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Moral-Muñoz
- Departments of 1Library Science; and 2Physical Therapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; 3Department of Physical Therapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; 4Department of Computer Science, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; and 5Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, CITIC-UGR (Research Center on Information and Communications Technology), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Rodriguez-Blanco C, Cocera-Morata FM, Heredia-Rizo AM, Ricard F, Almazán-Campos G, Oliva-Pascual-Vaca Á. Immediate Effects of Combining Local Techniques in the Craniomandibular Area and Hamstring Muscle Stretching in Subjects with Temporomandibular Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Altern Complement Med 2015. [PMID: 26218883 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2014.0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the immediate effects on vertical mouth opening, orofacial mechanosensitivity, and lumbar and suboccipital mobility after adding a myofascial induction technique to a multimodal protocol in subjects with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). DESIGN A randomized and double-blind controlled trial was carried out. SETTINGS/LOCATION University-based physical therapy research clinic. SUBJECTS Sixty subjects (35±11.22 years) with TMD, and restricted mobility of the mandibular condyles and the first cervical vertebrae, were recruited and randomized to either a control group (CG) (n=30) or an experimental group (EG) (n=30). INTERVENTIONS The CG underwent a neuromuscular technique over the masseter muscles and passive hamstring muscle stretching. A suboccipital muscle inhibition technique was added to this protocol in the EG. OUTCOME MEASURES Primary measurements were made of vertical mouth opening and pressure pain threshold of the masseter muscles. Secondary outcome measures included pressure algometry of the trigeminal nerve, suboccipital range of motion, and lumbar spine mobility, assessed with the sit-and-reach (SAR) test and lumbar forward bending. All evaluations were collected at baseline and immediately after intervention. RESULTS In the intragroup comparison, the EG observed an increase in suboccipital flexion (p<0.001; F1,29=14.47; R(2)=0.33) and the SAR test (p=0.009; F1,29=7.89; R(2)=0.21). No significant differences were found in the between-group comparison for any variable (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The inclusion of a myofascial induction maneuver in a protocol combining local (neuromuscular treatment) and distal techniques (hamstring stretching) in subjects with TMD has no impact on improving mouth opening, suboccipital and lumbar mobility, and orofacial sensitivity to mechanical pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleofás Rodriguez-Blanco
- 1 Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla , Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Marcos Heredia-Rizo
- 1 Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla , Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Ángel Oliva-Pascual-Vaca
- 1 Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla , Sevilla, Spain
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Abstract
PURPOSE To determine intrarater and interrater reliability of common measures of lower extremity alignment among children with obesity. METHODS The Craig test for femoral anteversion, tibiofemoral angle, Foot Posture Index-6, and sit-and-reach test were performed on 25 children without obesity and 25 children with obesity. RESULTS Intrarater reliability of all measures in both groups was high. The Craig test demonstrated greatest variability with slight interrater reliability in children who were nonobese [intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] (95% confidence interval [CI]), 0.372 (-0.051 to 0.6420)] and moderate reliability in children who were obese [ICC (95% CI), 0.527 (0.242 to 0.717)]. Interrater reliability for the tibiofemoral angle and Foot Posture Index-6 was moderate to substantial and for the sit-and-reach test was substantial (ICC >0.99) and highly correlated. Measurement of lower extremity alignment among children with obesity was more reproducible than among children who were not obese. CONCLUSIONS Measures of lower extremity alignment and general flexibility in children with obesity are both reproducible and reliable.
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Determination of the criterion-related validity of hip joint angle test for estimating hamstring flexibility using a contemporary statistical approach. Clin J Sport Med 2014; 24:320-5. [PMID: 24451690 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the criterion-related validity of the horizontal hip joint angle (H-HJA) test and vertical hip joint angle (V-HJA) test for estimating hamstring flexibility measured through the passive straight-leg raise (PSLR) test using contemporary statistical measures. DESIGN Validity study. SETTING Controlled laboratory environment. PARTICIPANTS One hundred thirty-eight professional trampoline gymnasts (61 women and 77 men). ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS Hamstring flexibility. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Each participant performed 2 trials of H-HJA, V-HJA, and PSLR tests in a randomized order. The criterion-related validity of H-HJA and V-HJA tests was measured through the estimation equation, typical error of the estimate (TEEST), validity correlation (β), and their respective confidence limits. RESULTS The findings from this study suggest that although H-HJA and V-HJA tests showed moderate to high validity scores for estimating hamstring flexibility (standardized TEEST = 0.63; β = 0.80), the TEEST statistic reported for both tests was not narrow enough for clinical purposes (H-HJA = 10.3 degrees; V-HJA = 9.5 degrees). Subsequently, the predicted likely thresholds for the true values that were generated were too wide (H-HJA = predicted value ± 13.2 degrees; V-HJA = predicted value ± 12.2 degrees). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that although the HJA test showed moderate to high validity scores for estimating hamstring flexibility, the prediction intervals between the HJA and PSLR tests are not strong enough to suggest that clinicians and sport medicine practitioners should use the HJA and PSLR tests interchangeably as gold standard measurement tools to evaluate and detect short hamstring muscle flexibility.
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Mayorga-Vega D, Viciana J, Cocca A, Merino-Marban R. Criterion-related validity of toe-touch test for estimating hamstring extensibility: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF HUMAN SPORT AND EXERCISE 2014. [DOI: 10.4100/jhse.2014.91.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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