1
|
Abstract
Minisci-type reactions have been widely known as reactions that involve the addition
of carbon-centered radicals to basic heteroarenes followed by formal hydrogen atom loss.
While the originally developed protocols for radical generation remain in active use today, in
recent years, the new array of radical generation strategies have allowed the use of a wider
variety of radical precursors that often operate under milder and more benign conditions. New
transformations based on free radical reactivity are now available to a synthetic chemist, to
utilize a Minisci-type reaction. Radical-generation methods based on photoredox catalysis
and electrochemistry, which utilize thermal cleavage or the in situ generation of reactive radical
precursors, have become popular approaches. Our review will cover the remarkable literature
that has been reported on this topic in recent 5 years, from 2015-01 to 2020-01, in an
attempt to provide guidance to the synthetic chemist on both the challenges that need to be overcome and the applications
in organic synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wengui Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Shoufeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wilkinson SM, Barron ML, O’Brien-Brown J, Janssen B, Stokes L, Werry EL, Chishty M, Skarratt KK, Ong JA, Hibbs DE, Vugts DJ, Fuller S, Windhorst AD, Kassiou M. Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Bioisosteres of an Adamantanyl Benzamide P2X 7 Receptor Antagonist. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2374-2380. [PMID: 28841278 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adamantanyl benzamide 1 was identified as a potent P2X7R antagonist but failed to progress further due to poor metabolic stability. We describe the synthesis and SAR of a series of bioisosteres of benzamide 1 to explore improvements in the pharmacological properties of this lead. Initial efforts investigated a series of heteroaromatic bioisosteres, which demonstrated improved physicochemical properties but reduced P2X7R antagonism. Installation of bioisosteric fluorine on the adamantane bridgeheads was well tolerated and led to a series of bioisosteres with improved physicochemical properties and metabolic stability. Trifluorinated benzamide 34 demonstrated optimal physicochemical parameters, superior metabolic stability (ten times longer than lead benzamide 1), and an improved physicokinetic profile and proved effective in the presence of several known P2X7R polymorphisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bieneke Janssen
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leanne Stokes
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Danielle J. Vugts
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu H, Tu W, Fei H, Xu G, Hu Q, Zhang L, Lin B, Yuan J, Yin J, Gong A, Wan M, Wang D, Zhu X, Feng J, Wang Q, Sun P. Structure-based design and synthesis of bicyclic fused-pyridines as MEK inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2555-9. [PMID: 24755426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The MAPK pathway is identified as one of the most important pathways involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. A key kinase in the pathway, the Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) is recognized as a promising target for antitumor drugs. Structure-based design and optimization of known MEK inhibitors resulted in identification of compound 10a as a potent non-ATP competitive MEK inhibitor in both in vitro and in vivo tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hejun Lu
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 279 Wenjing Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200245, China.
| | - Wangyang Tu
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 279 Wenjing Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Hongbo Fei
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 279 Wenjing Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Guoji Xu
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 279 Wenjing Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Qiyue Hu
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 279 Wenjing Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 279 Wenjing Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Bing Lin
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 279 Wenjing Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Jijun Yuan
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 279 Wenjing Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Junzhao Yin
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 279 Wenjing Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Aishen Gong
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 279 Wenjing Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Mimi Wan
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 279 Wenjing Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 279 Wenjing Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 279 Wenjing Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 279 Wenjing Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 279 Wenjing Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Piaoyang Sun
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 279 Wenjing Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200245, China
| |
Collapse
|