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Zhu L, Zhang H, Zhang X, Xia L, Zhang J. Research progress on antisepsis effect of apigenin and its mechanism of action. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22290. [PMID: 38045180 PMCID: PMC10689953 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an abnormal immune response to infections and can trigger MODS. Despite the availability of advanced clinical techniques and monitoring methods, the mortality rate of the disease is still high, posing a heavy burden to patients and the whole society. Hence, the research on novel drugs and targets is particularly important. As a natural phyto-flavonoid, apigenin boasts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-viral, and anti-bacterial effects. Besides, in-vitro experiments and animal models have also revealed the crucial role of apigenin in the treatment of infectious diseases and sepsis. In this context, this paper reviews the pharmacological activity and underlying mechanisms of action of apigenin in sepsis treatment and organ protection, as well as the potential apigenin-based therapeutic strategies against sepsis. Therefore, this review will shed new light on the scientific research and clinical treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Hairong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250031, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - JiaJia Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250031, PR China
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Kellogg JJ, Alonso MN, Jordan RT, Xiao J, Cafiero JH, Bush T, Towler M, Weathers P, Shell SS. A methoxylated flavone from Artemisia afra kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.11.561885. [PMID: 37873198 PMCID: PMC10592739 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.11.561885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a deadly and debilitating disease globally affecting millions annually. Emerging drug-resistant Mtb strains endanger the efficacy of the current combination therapies employed to treat tuberculosis; therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel drugs to combat this disease. Artemisia afra is used traditionally in southern Africa to treat malaria and recently has shown anti tuberculosis activity. This genus synthesizes a prodigious number of phytochemicals, many of which have demonstrated human health effects. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that A. afra exerts different effects on Mtb compared to A. annua or the well-known antimalarial artemisinin, suggesting other phytochemicals present in A. afra with unique modes of action. A biochemometric study of A. afra resulted in the isolation of a methoxylated flavone (1), which displayed considerable activity against Mtb strain mc26230. Compound 1 had an MIC of 312.5 μg/mL and yielded no viable colonies after 6 days of treatment. In addition, 1 was effective in killing hypoxic Mtb cultures, with no viable cultures after 2 days of treatment. This suggested that A. afra is a source of potentially powerful anti-Mtb phytochemicals with novel mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Kellogg
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Maria Natalia Alonso
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609
| | - R Teal Jordan
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Junpei Xiao
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609
| | - Juan Hilario Cafiero
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609
| | - Trevor Bush
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609
| | - Melissa Towler
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609
| | - Pamela Weathers
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609
| | - Scarlet S Shell
- Department of Biology & Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609
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Dutta A, Trivedi P, Gehlot PS, Gogoi D, Hazarika R, Chetia P, Kumar A, Chaliha AK, Chaturvedi V, Sarma D. Design and Synthesis of Quinazolinone-Triazole Hybrids as Potent Anti-Tubercular Agents. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4413-4424. [PMID: 36053225 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward and convenient methodology has been developed for the reaction of 2-aminobenzamide and carbonyls affording 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones using aqueous solution of [C12Py][FeCl3Br]. The developed methodology was applied for the synthesis of 25 quinazolinone-triazole hybrids followed by evaluation of their in vitro anti-tubercular (TB) activity. The results revealed that 8 quinazolinone-triazole hybrids displayed promising activity having MIC values of 0.78-12.5 μg/mL. The compound 3if with MIC 0.78 μg/mL was found to be the lead nominee among the series, better than Ethambutol, a first line anti-TB drug and comparable with Rifampicin. The active compounds with MIC values ≤ 6.25 μg/mL were subjected to in vitro cytotoxicity and found nontoxic. In drug-drug interaction, compounds 3ia and 3ii interacted synergistically with all the three anti-TB drugs, INH, RFM, and EMB. Other 3 compounds interacted either in synergistic or additive manners. Important information on the binding interaction of the target compounds with the active sites of 1DQY Antigen 85C from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) enzymes was obtained from molecular docking studies. Screening of the drug-likeness properties and bioactivity score indicates that synthesized molecules could be projected as potential drug candidates. Based on the current study, quinazolinone-triazole hybrids framework can be useful in drug development for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurba Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India
| | - Priyanka Trivedi
- Biochemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Praveen Singh Gehlot
- AcSIR, Salt and Marine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Dipshikha Gogoi
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India
| | - Roktopol Hazarika
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India
| | - Pankaj Chetia
- Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- AcSIR, Salt and Marine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Amrita Kashyap Chaliha
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India
| | - Vinita Chaturvedi
- Biochemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Diganta Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam 786004, India
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Ahmad Mir S, Alaidarous M, Alshehri B, Ahmad Mir B, Aziz Bin D A, Banawas S, Firoz A, A. Alsagab S, Awaji Madk Y, Jahan S, Kashoo F, Iqbal D, Ahmad Gana S, Kumar Chou R, Shaker Alb K, Naseem A. Identification of Mycobacterial RNA Polymerase Inhibitors from the Main Phytochemicals of Nigella sativa: An in silico Study. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1015.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Antimicrobial and Cytotoxicity Activities of Medicinal Plants against Salmonella gallinarum Isolated from Chickens. Vet Med Int 2022; 2022:2294120. [PMID: 35265313 PMCID: PMC8901331 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2294120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been the good source of treatment for different ailments of humans as well as animals for centuries. However, in Tanzania, few plants were investigated for their efficacy against various diseases of chickens. In the present study, four medicinal plants were investigated against Salmonella gallinarum isolated from chickens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the broth microdilution methods and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBCs) were used to evaluate the activities of plants against chicken salmonellosis. For the safety of chickens against the toxicity of plants, the cytotoxicity assay was determined using a brine shrimp lethality test. Aloe secundiflora leaf ethyl acetate (ALEA), Aloe rabaiensis leaf methanolic (ArM), Aloe rabaiensis leaf ethyl acetate (ArLEA), and Punica granatum leaf ethyl acetate (PGLEA) extracts exhibited the highest MIC (0.3906 mg/mL) and MBC (3.125 mg/mL), respectively. The Dolichos kilimandscharicus tuber ethyl acetate (DTEA) and Dolichos kilimandscharicus tuber pet ether (DTPE) extracts displayed MIC of 1.563 mg/mL and 12.50 mg/mL and MBC of 12.50 mg/mL and 25.50 mg/mL, respectively. The highest LC50 values exhibited in Dolichos kilimandscharicus ranged from 7.937 × 10−4 mg/mL to 7.242 × 10−2 mg/mL for pet ether and methanolic extracts, respectively, while ALEA extract exhibited LC50 of 7.645 × 10−3 mg/mL. Generally, the extracts with MIC 0.3906 mg/mL and MBC 3.125 mg/mL demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity with low toxicity efficient to manage chicken salmonellosis. Dolichos kilimandscharicus, which exhibited higher toxicity, warrants further investigation on insecticidal and anticancer agents.
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Swain SS, Sharma D, Hussain T, Pati S. Molecular mechanisms of underlying genetic factors and associated mutations for drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 9:1651-1663. [PMID: 32573374 PMCID: PMC7473167 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1785334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and co-infected tuberculosis (CI-TB) strains are the leading cause for the enhancement of long-term morbidity and unpredicted mortality rates from this ghoulish acid fast-bacterium infection, globally. Unfortunately, the lack of/ample lethargic towards the development of compelling anti-TB regimens with a large-scale prevalence rate is a great challenge towards control of the pandemic situation. Indeed, the recent improvement in genomic studies for early diagnosis and understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance, as well as the identification of newer drug targets is quite remarkable and promising. Mainly, identification of such genetic factors, chromosomal mutations and associated pathways gives new ray of hope in current anti-TB drug discovery. This focused review provides molecular insights into the updated drug resistance mechanisms with encoded bacilli genetic factors as a novel target and potential source of development with screened-out newer anti-TB agents towards the control of MDR-TB soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasank S Swain
- Division of Microbiology and NCDs, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Divakar Sharma
- CRF, Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Kusuma School of Biological Sciences (KSBS), Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi (IIT-D), Delhi, India
| | - Tahziba Hussain
- Division of Microbiology and NCDs, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Division of Public Health and Research, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
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Njeru SN, Muema JM. Antimicrobial activity, phytochemical characterization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of Aspilia pluriseta Schweinf. extracts. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05195. [PMID: 33083626 PMCID: PMC7551365 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspilia pluriseta is associated with various bioactivities, although with limited scientific justification. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity, and characterized the phytochemicals of root extracts of A. pluriseta aimed at validating its therapeutic potential. We used BACTEC MGIT™ 960 system to test for antitubercular activity, disc-diffusion together with the microdilution method to evaluate antimicrobial activities and qualitative phytochemical tests together with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to determine the phytochemicals that associated with A. pluriseta extracts activity. We show that methanolic crude extract (at 1 g/mL) had high Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) inhibitory activity (0 growth unit) and considerable potency against Escherichia coli (11.7 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (9.0 mm), and Candida albicans (7.7 mm). All the extract fractions exerted remarkable antimycobacterial activities with minimum inhibitory activity of between 6.26 – 25 μg/mL. The highest antimicrobial activity of petroleum ether and dichloromethane fraction was against E. coli at inhibition zone diameters of 8.3 mm, and 8.0 mm, respectively, while ethyl acetate fraction was against S. aureus with an inhibition zone of 8.7 mm. Methanolic fraction exhibited broad-spectrum activity against 87.5% of the tested microbes (inhibition zones 6.3–8.3 mm). Furthermore, we qualitatively detected terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolics such as flavonoids, and anthraquinones in extract fractions. GC-MS analysis detected an abundance of fatty acid esters, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester-hexadecanoic acid, and 2,3-dihydroxy propyl ester-octadecanoic acid and four alkanes. Taken together, we show that A. pluriseta extract fractions (especially ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions) have strong selective antitubercular activity, and thus, we scientifically validate the use of A. pluriseta as a potential source for the discovery of novel antitubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sospeter N Njeru
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Health Sciences, Kisii University, PO Box 408-40200, Kisii, Kenya
| | - Jackson M Muema
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), PO Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
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Dehyab AS, Bakar MFA, AlOmar MK, Sabran SF. A review of medicinal plant of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region as source in tuberculosis drug discovery. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2457-2478. [PMID: 32884430 PMCID: PMC7451596 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that affects one-third of the world's population. Although currently available TB drugs have many side effects, such as nausea, headache and gastrointestinal discomfort, no new anti-TB drugs have been produced in the past 30 years. Therefore, the discovery of a new anti-TB agent with minimal or no side effects is urgently needed. Many previous works have reported the effects of medicinal plants against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). However, none have focused on medicinal plants from the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) region. This review highlights the effects of medicinal plants from the MENA region on TB. Medicinal plants from the MENA region have been successfully used as traditional medicine and first aid against TB related problems. A total of 184 plants species representing 73 families were studied. Amongst these species, 93 species contained more active compounds with strong anti-MTB activity (crude extracts and/or bioactive compounds with activities of 0-100 µg/ml). The extract of Inula helenium, Khaya senegalensis, Premna odorata and Rosmarinus officinalis presented the strongest anti-MTB activity. In addition, Boswellia papyrifera (Del) Hochst olibanum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh leaves (river red gum), Nigella sativa (black cumin) seeds and genus Cymbopogon exhibited anti-TB activity. The most potent bioactive compounds included alantolactone, octyl acetate, 1,8-cineole, thymoquinone, piperitone, α- verbenol, citral b and α-pinene. These compounds affect the permeability of microbial plasma membranes, thus kill the mycobacterium spp. As a conclusion, plant species collected from the MENA region are potential sources of novel drugs against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sami Dehyab
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) – Pagoh Campus, 84600 Muar, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al Maarif University College, Alanbar, Iraq
| | - Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) – Pagoh Campus, 84600 Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Fatimah Sabran
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) – Pagoh Campus, 84600 Muar, Johor, Malaysia
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Oyeyinka BO, Afolayan AJ. Comparative and Correlational Evaluation of the Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Musa sinensis L. and Musa paradisiaca L. Fruit Compartments (Musaceae). ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:4503824. [PMID: 32831803 PMCID: PMC7428880 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4503824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites and their biological activity have pharmacological relevance in the prevention and therapeutic management of disease, including the facilitation of normal physiological processes through biochemical mechanisms. In this study, phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity were evaluated quantitatively on the acetone, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of the flesh, and peel, as well as the boiled peel extract compartments of Musa sinensis L. and Musa paradisiaca L. fruits. Total phenol, proanthocyanidin, and flavonoid contents were estimated and measured spectrophotometrically. The free radical scavenging antioxidant capacity of the extracts was tested on DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ethanol), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay models. Correlation between phytoconstituents and antioxidant activity was analysed using Pearson's coefficient. The results showed varying amounts of phytochemicals in the solvent extracts of the flesh and peel, including the boiled peel extract of M. sinensis and M. paradisiaca. All acetone extracts of M. sinensis flesh, M. paradisiaca flesh, and M. paradisiaca peel had the highest phytochemical contents, with the exception of the ethanol extract of M. sinensis peel which had the highest phenol content; just as on the overall scale, the peel compartments had generally higher phytochemical profiles than the soft flesh in both fruits. The boiled peel extracts of M. sinensis and M. paradisiaca had the highest ABTS (0.03 mg/mL) and DPPH (0.03 mg/mL) activity. Ferric reducing power (FRAP) was the highest in the ethanol extracts of M. sinensis flesh and peel, and M. paradisiaca flesh, while it was the highest in the acetone extract of M. paradisiaca at the peak concentration used (0.1 mg/mL). There was a significant negative correlation between the total phenol and flavonoid contents of M. sinensis flesh with its DPPH radical scavenging activity and proanthocyanidin content of M. paradisiaca flesh with its DPPH radical scavenging activity. The correlation outcomes indicate that none of the phytochemical constituents solely affected antioxidant activity; instead, a combination of the polyphenolic constituents contributed to antioxidant activity. This study shows the therapeutic potentials of the flesh and, importantly, the peel of M. sinensis and M. paradisiaca fruits on the basis of the polyphenolic constitution against free radicals and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnabas Oluwatomide Oyeyinka
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony Jide Afolayan
- Medicinal Plants and Economic Development (MPED) Research Centre, Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Kharlamova Т, Seidakhmetova R, Praliyev K. Purpurin Esters Containing a Saturated Cyclic Fragment with Antimicrobial Activity. EURASIAN CHEMICO-TECHNOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.18321/ectj929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study is a continuation of the scientific research works for the synthesis of anthraquinonе-containing derivatives with cyclic ring systems by the interaction of 1,2,4-trihydroxyanthraquinone (purpurin) with cyclic carboxylic acid chlorides. Series of purpurin esters containing a saturated cyclic fragment was studied for antibacterial activity about museum strains of microorganisms. The effects of these preparations in vitro about Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa АТСС 27853 and fungus Сandida albicans АТСС 10231 were studied. It has been found that the compounds with the cyclohexane fragment have possess an antimicrobial activity with strains of microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus АТСС 6538 for which the MIC value was 31.25 μg/ml.
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Qasaymeh RM, Rotondo D, Oosthuizen CB, Lall N, Seidel V. Predictive Binding Affinity of Plant-Derived Natural Products Towards the Protein Kinase G Enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( MtPknG). PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8110477. [PMID: 31698813 PMCID: PMC6918344 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a growing public health concern worldwide, especially with the emerging challenge of drug resistance to the current drugs. Efforts to discover and develop novel, more effective, and safer anti-TB drugs are urgently needed. Products from natural sources, such as medicinal plants, have played an important role in traditional medicine and continue to provide some inspiring templates for the design of new drugs. Protein kinase G, produced by M. tuberculosis (MtPKnG), is a serine/threonine kinase, that has been reported to prevent phagosome-lysosome fusion and help prolong M. tuberculosis survival within the host’s macrophages. Here, we used an in silico, target-based approach (docking) to predict the interactions between MtPknG and 84 chemical constituents from two medicinal plants (Pelargonium reniforme and Pelargonium sidoides) that have a well-documented historical use as natural remedies for TB. Docking scores for ligands towards the target protein were calculated using AutoDock Vina as the predicted binding free energies. Ten flavonoids present in the aerial parts of P. reniforme and/or P.sidoides showed docking scores ranging from −11.1 to −13.2 kcal/mol. Upon calculation of all ligand efficiency indices, we observed that the (−ΔG/MW) ligand efficiency index for flavonoids (4), (5) and (7) was similar to the one obtained for the AX20017 control. When taking all compounds into account, we observed that the best (−ΔG/MW) efficiency index was obtained for coumaric acid, coumaraldehyde, p-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol. We found that methyl gallate and myricetin had ligand efficiency indices superior and equal to the AX20017 control efficiency, respectively. It remains to be seen if any of the compounds screened in this study exert an effect in M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M. Qasaymeh
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (R.M.Q.); (D.R.)
| | - Dino Rotondo
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (R.M.Q.); (D.R.)
| | - Carel B. Oosthuizen
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (C.B.O.); (N.L.)
| | - Namrita Lall
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; (C.B.O.); (N.L.)
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK; (R.M.Q.); (D.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-141-548-2751
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Wen Q, Luo K, Huang H, Liao W, Yang H. Xanthoxyletin Inhibits Proliferation of Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells and Induces Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Cell Cycle Arrest by Modulation of the MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:8025-8033. [PMID: 31654522 PMCID: PMC6827329 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the effects of xanthoxyletin, a plant-derived coumarin, on human oral squamous cancer cells in vitro and in mouse xenografts in vivo. Materia/Methods The study included SCC-1 human oral cancer cells and EBTr normal embryonic bovine tracheal epithelial cells, which were treated with 0 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM, and 20 μM of xanthoxyletin for 24 hours. The MTT assay assessed cell viability, and autophagy was detected by electron microscopy. Cell apoptosis was investigated using 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), annexin V, and propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence flow cytometry, which was also used to investigate the cell cycle. Protein expression was measured by Western blot. Mouse xenografts were used for the in vivo evaluation of the effects of xanthoxyletin. Results Xanthoxyletin significantly inhibited the proliferation of oral cancer cells (IC50, 10–30 μM) with lower cytotoxicity for normal cells. Xanthoxyletin treatment was associated with G2/M arrest of the cell cycle and with increased apoptosis and autophagy of SCC-1 cells. Apoptosis and autophagy induced by xanthoxyletin were also associated with changes in expression of the apoptosis-associated proteins, Bax and Bcl-2, and the autophagy-associated proteins, LC3I, LC3II, Beclin 1, p62, and VSp34. Xanthoxyletin inhibited the expression of components of the signaling cascade of the MEK/ERK pathway in the SCC-1 oral cancer cells. The in vivo effects of xanthoxyletin showed inhibition of growth of mouse xenografts. Conclusions Xanthoxyletin inhibited the proliferation of human oral squamous carcinoma cells and induced apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest by modulation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Wen
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Kai Luo
- The Research Institute, Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Weiguo Liao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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Liu X, Li Y, Ma Q, Wang Y, Song AL. Withaferin-A Inhibits Growth of Drug-Resistant Breast Carcinoma by Inducing Apoptosis and Autophagy, Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production, and Inhibition of Cell Migration and Nuclear Factor kappa B (Nf-κB)/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (m-TOR) Signalling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6855-6863. [PMID: 31512681 PMCID: PMC6754708 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main purpose of this study was to assess in vitro and in vivo the anticancer effect of withaferin-A in human breast carcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231), and to assess its effects on autophagy, cell apoptosis, ROS production, cell migration and invasion, and Nf-κB/m-TOR signalling pathway. Material/Methods Proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells at various doses of the drug was studied by CCK8 cell viability assay. Effects on cell apoptosis were studied by fluorescence microscopy in combination with flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. Effects on autophagy were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy and Western blot. Effects on cellular migration were examined in vitro by wound healing assay. Results The results indicated that withaferin-A led to significant reduction of MDA-MB-231 cell viability. The anticancer action of withaferin-A was shown to be due to the stimulation of autophagy, which was accompanied by enhancement of LC3 expression. Withaferin-A prompted mitochondrial apoptosis, which was also associated with increased level of Bax and decreased Bcl-2 in MDA-MB-231 cells. It was also observed that withaferin-A has decreases cellular migration and invasion of the tested human breast cancer cells. The effects of withaferin-A were also investigated in vivo, and it was found that this molecule could inhibit the growth of tumor xenografts in tested mice. Withaferin-A led to suppression of the Nf-κB/m-TOR signalling pathway. Conclusions In brief, the withaferin-A molecule has great potential as an anticancer agent against drug-resistant breast cancer, and as such needs to be further studied in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Liu
- Fifth Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Li
- Fifth Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Qiang Ma
- Fifth Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Fifth Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
| | - Ai Lin Song
- Fifth Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China (mainland)
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Mazlun MH, Sabran SF, Mohamed M, Abu Bakar MF, Abdullah Z. Phenolic Compounds as Promising Drug Candidates in Tuberculosis Therapy. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132449. [PMID: 31277371 PMCID: PMC6651284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) remains one of the deadliest, infectious diseases worldwide. The detrimental effects caused by the existing anti-TB drugs to TB patients and the emergence of resistance strains of M. tuberculosis has driven efforts from natural products researchers around the globe in discovering novel anti-TB drugs that are more efficacious and with less side effects. There were eleven main review publications that focused on natural products with anti-TB potentials. However, none of them specifically emphasized antimycobacterial phenolic compounds. Thus, the current review’s main objective is to highlight and summarize phenolic compounds found active against mycobacteria from 2000 to 2017. Based on the past studies in the electronic databases, the present review also focuses on several test organisms used in TB researches and their different distinct properties, a few types of in vitro TB bioassay and comparison between their strengths and drawbacks, different methods of extraction, fractionation and isolation, ways of characterizing and identifying isolated compounds and the mechanism of actions of anti-TB phenolic compounds as reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad Harith Mazlun
- Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Educational Hub, Pagoh 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre of Research for Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources (CoR-SUNR), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Educational Hub, Pagoh 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fatimah Sabran
- Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Educational Hub, Pagoh 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia.
- Centre of Research for Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources (CoR-SUNR), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Educational Hub, Pagoh 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Maryati Mohamed
- Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Educational Hub, Pagoh 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre of Research for Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources (CoR-SUNR), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Educational Hub, Pagoh 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar
- Department of Technology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Educational Hub, Pagoh 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre of Research for Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources (CoR-SUNR), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Educational Hub, Pagoh 84600, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zunoliza Abdullah
- Natural Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong 52109, Selangor, Malaysia
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Yu L, Chen M, Zhang R, Xu T. Antitumor Effects of Glychionide-A Flavonoid in Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells Are Mediated by Activation of Apoptotic and Autophagic Pathways, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Disruption of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:962-969. [PMID: 30712054 PMCID: PMC6369652 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer has high incidence and low survival rates around the globe, mainly due to late diagnosis and unavailability of efficient chemotherapeutic agents. In the present study, the anticancer potential of glychionide-A was examined against PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay Kits were used for assessment of cell viability. Electron microscopy and DAPI staining were used for the detection of apoptosis and autophagy, respectively. Annexin V/PI staining was used for determination of apoptotic cell percentage. Cell cycle distribution and ROS and MMP levels were determined by flow cytometry. Protein expression was examined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The results revealed that glychionide-A significantly inhibited the proliferation of the PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells (IC₅₀, 14 µM). However, minimal toxicity was observed against the normal hTRET-HPNE pancreatic cells (IC₅₀ 100 µM). The anticancer activity of glychionide-A against the PANC-1 cells was found to be due to induction of autophagy and apoptosis. Glychionide-A prompted apoptosis and autophagy and was also associated with alteration in apoptosis- (Bax, Caspase 9 and Bcl-2) and autophagy- (LC3I, II, Beclin 1 and p62) related protein expression. Glychionide-A also caused the arrest of PANC-1 cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. The percentage of PANC-1 cells in G₂ phase increased from 19.5% to 49.4% upon treatment with glychionide-A. Finally, glychionide-A caused an increase in the level of ROS and decline in MMP levels of the PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS In brief, these results reveal that glychionide-A significantly inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer cells via inducing apoptosis and autophagy, and could prove valuable in the chemotherapeutic treatment of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, further research is needed, especially more advanced in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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16
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He J, Wei W, Yang Q, Wang Y. Phillygenin Exerts In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Effects in Drug-Resistant Human Esophageal Cancer Cells by Inducing Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis, ROS Generation, and Inhibition of the Nuclear Factor kappa B NF-κB Signalling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:739-745. [PMID: 30681987 PMCID: PMC6357824 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal cancer causes considerable mortality and is ranked as the 6th most prevalent type of cancer across the world. At present, there is no effective esophageal cancer chemotherapy without adverse effects. Moreover, emergence of drug resistance among cancer is another obstacle in the treatment of esophageal cancer. Novel molecules of plant origin may prove beneficial in the development of chemotherapy for esophageal carcinoma. In this study we examined the anticancer effects of phillygenin against the vindesine-resistant esophageal cancer cell line SH-1-V1. Material/Methods The proliferation rate of SH-1-V1 cells was determined by WST-1 assay. Apoptosis was confirmed by propidium iodide (PI) staining. Cell cycle analysis, ROS, and MMP determination were performed by flow cytometery. Protein expression was assessed by Western blot analysis. Results We found that phillygenin inhibited the growth of SH-1-V1 cells and exhibited an IC50 of 6 μM. Investigation of the underlying mechanism revealed that phillygenin triggered apoptotic cell death of the SH-1-V1 cells, which was also associated with enhancement of Bax expression and decreased expression of Bcl-2. Moreover, the expression of cleaved caspase 3 and 9 also increased upon phillygenin treatment. Phillygenin also caused a significant increase in ROS production, concomitant with decreased MMP levels. Phillygenin also caused arrest of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. In vivo evaluation of phillygenin revealed that it can inhibit tumor weight and volume, suggesting the anticancer potential of phillygenin. Conclusions In brief, phillygenin inhibited in vitro and in vivo cancer cell growth in drug-resistant human esophageal cancer cells, and these effects were mediated via apoptosis, ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Qingbo Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yiling Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Jee B, Kumar S, Yadav R, Singh Y, Kumar A, Sharma N. Ursolic acid and carvacrol may be potential inhibitors of dormancy protein small heat shock protein16.3 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 36:3434-3443. [PMID: 28984500 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1389305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock protein16.3 (sHSP16.3) is a crucial protein for survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in its host. Besides, this protein acts as a molecular chaperone during stress and is indispensable for MTB's growth, virulence and cell-wall thickening. sHSP16.3 is also a promising candidate for vaccine, serodiagnosis and drug design as well. In the present study, we have targeted sHSP16.3 with two phytochemicals, namely ursolic acid and carvacrol using in silico approach. Molecular docking analysis showed that both phytochemicals (ursolic acid and carvacrol) have docked with sHSP16.3 and shown tendency to inhibit the function of this vital protein of MTB. In addition, both compounds have exhibited strong compatibility with sHSP16.3 during whole 60 ns duration of molecular dynamics simulation. Further, the molecular mechanic/generalized Born/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/G/P/BSA) free energies were calculated which showed that both phytocompounds have stable and favourable binding energies causing strong binding with binding site of sHSP16.3. Taking together, the data of present study suggest that both phytocompounds may be potential inhibitor of sHSP16.3 of MTB and a best alternative to standard anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babban Jee
- a Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare , Government of India , New Delhi 110001 , India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- b Molecular and Structural Biology Division , Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India
| | - Renu Yadav
- c Department of Biotechnology , Acharya Nagarjuna University , Guntur 522510 , India
| | - Yogesh Singh
- d Institute of Physiology I , Eberhard-Karls-Tübingen University , Gmelinstraße5, Tübingen D-72076 , Germany
| | - Anuj Kumar
- e Advance Center for Computational and Applied Biotechnology, Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology (UCB) , Dehradun 248007 , India
| | - Naveen Sharma
- a Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare , Government of India , New Delhi 110001 , India
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18
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Investigation of the anti-TB potential of selected propolis constituents using a molecular docking approach. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12238. [PMID: 30116003 PMCID: PMC6095843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the leading bacterial killer disease worldwide and new anti-TB drugs are urgently needed. Natural remedies have long played an important role in medicine and continue to provide some inspiring templates for drug design. Propolis, a substance naturally-produced by bees upon collection of plant resins, is used in folk medicine for its beneficial anti-TB activity. In this study, we used a molecular docking approach to investigate the interactions between selected propolis constituents and four ‘druggable’ proteins involved in vital physiological functions in M. tuberculosis, namely MtPanK, MtDprE1, MtPknB and MtKasA. The docking score for ligands towards each protein was calculated to estimate the binding free energy, with the best docking score (lowest energy value) indicating the highest predicted ligand/protein affinity. Specific interactions were also explored to understand the nature of intermolecular bonds between the most active ligands and the protein binding site residues. The lignan (+)-sesamin displayed the best docking score towards MtDprE1 (−10.7 kcal/mol) while the prenylated flavonoid isonymphaeol D docked strongly with MtKasA (−9.7 kcal/mol). Both compounds showed docking scores superior to the control inhibitors and represent potentially interesting scaffolds for further in vitro biological evaluation and anti-TB drug design.
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19
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Mathaiyan M, Suresh A, Balamurugan R. Binding property of HIV p24 and Reverse transcriptase by chalcones from Pongamia pinnata seeds. Bioinformation 2018; 14:279-284. [PMID: 30237673 PMCID: PMC6137571 DOI: 10.6026/97320630014279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV remains a challenging life threatening viral agent for humans despite available anti HIV drugs. The known effective drug named HAART clears the circulating viruses but not the intracellular viruses. Therefore, it is of interest to identify molecules with improved anti-HIV activity from natural plant sources. Hence, we studied the anti-HIV potency of an Indian medicinal plant named Pongamia pinnata. Aqueous extracts were made from leaf, seed and roots of Pongmia pinnata and screened for anti HIV-1 activity using HIV-1 p24 and reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibition assays. Further, the active chalcone derivatives namely, P24 protein and RT enzymes showed promising binding score against Glabarachalcone and Karanijin. Among these extracts, P. pinnta aqueous seed extracts have shown HIV-1 p24 inhibition at 66.9 ± 4.4 percentage. However, RT inhibition assay showed only 36.8%. Hence, the HIV-1 p24 inhibition infers either the prevention of virus entry or inhibits other enzymes and or interferes with virion assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikannan Mathaiyan
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-600 119
| | - Arumugam Suresh
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai-600 119
| | - Rangasamy Balamurugan
- Central Research Laboratory, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College & Hospital, Madagadipet, Puducherry- 605107
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20
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Chávez-Villarreal KG, García A, Romo-Mancillas A, Garza-González E, de Torres NW, Miranda LD, Moo-Puc RE, Chale-Dzul J, del Rayo Camacho-Corona M. Synthesis, antimycobacterial evaluation, and QSAR analysis of meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid derivatives. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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21
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Safwat NA, Kashef MT, Aziz RK, Amer KF, Ramadan MA. Quercetin 3-O-glucoside recovered from the wild Egyptian Sahara plant, Euphorbia paralias L., inhibits glutamine synthetase and has antimycobacterial activity. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017. [PMID: 29523309 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a major health problem accentuated by the rise of resistance to all available drugs. Therefore, this study was launched to discover a novel antituberculosis agent from wild Egyptian Sahara plants. Twelve such plants were screened, in vitro, for their activity against various Mycobacterium species. The most active plant, Euphorbia paralias, was further fractionated with different organic solvents, and the activity of the obtained fractions was determined by the agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The methanol fraction was the most active against Mycobacterium spp., and was non-toxic in doses up to 10 g/kg of animal weight. Its main component was separated by column chromatography, and then identified by ultraviolet spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis as quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside. Docking analysis suggested that quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside inhibits the glutamine synthetase enzyme, a promising target for the development of antituberculosis drugs. This prediction was confirmed by an in vitro glutamine synthetase biosynthetic assay. To the best of our knowledge, and based on bioinformatics mining of the BioPhytMol database, this is the first report on the antimycobacterial activity of Euphorbia paralias plant. It is also the first report on the inhibition of mycobacterial glutamine synthetase by the flavonoid quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesreen A Safwat
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Desert Research Center, Matareya, Cairo, 11753, Egypt.
| | - Mona T Kashef
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Ramy K Aziz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Khadiga F Amer
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Desert Research Center, Matareya, Cairo, 11753, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed A Ramadan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Ni J, Hao J, Jiang Z, Zhan X, Dong L, Yang X, Sun Z, Xu W, Wang Z, Xu M. NaCl Induces Flavonoid Biosynthesis through a Putative Novel Pathway in Post-harvest Ginkgo Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:920. [PMID: 28659935 PMCID: PMC5466993 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The flavonoids in the extracts of Ginkgo leaves have been shown to have great medical value: thus, a method to increase the flavonoid contents in these extracts is of significant importance for human health. In the present study, we investigated the changes in flavonoid contents and the corresponding gene expression levels in post-harvest Ginkgo leaves after various treatments. We found that both ultraviolet-B and NaCl treatment induced flavonoid accumulation. However, gene expression analysis showed that the increases in flavonoid contents were achieved by different pathways. Furthermore, post-harvest Ginkgo leaves responded differently to NaCl treatment compared with naturally grown leaves in both flavonoid contents and corresponding gene expression. In addition, combined treatment with ultraviolet-B and NaCl did not further increase the flavonoid contents compared with ultraviolet-B or NaCl treatment alone. Our results indicate the existence of a novel mechanism in response to NaCl treatment in post-harvest Ginkgo leaves, and provide a technique to increase flavonoid content in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Juan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Zhifang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Xiaori Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Lixiang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Zhehang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Wenya Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Zhikun Wang
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Santa BarbaraSanta Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Maojun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
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In Vitro Activity of Selected West African Medicinal Plants against Mycobacterium ulcerans Disease. Molecules 2016; 21:445. [PMID: 27089314 PMCID: PMC6273889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Buruli ulcer (BU) is the third most prevalent mycobacteriosis, after tuberculosis and leprosy. The currently recommended combination of rifampicin-streptomycin suffers from side effects and poor compliance, which leads to reliance on local herbal remedies. The objective of this study was to investigate the antimycobacterial properties and toxicity of selected medicinal plants. Sixty-five extracts from 27 plant species were screened against Mycobacterium ulcerans and Mycobacterium smegmatis, using the Resazurin Microtiter Assay (REMA). The cytotoxicity of promising extracts was assayed on normal Chang liver cells by an MTT assay. Twenty five extracts showed activity with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 16 µg/mL to 250 µg/mL against M. smegmatis, while 17 showed activity against M. ulcerans with MIC values ranging from 125 µg/mL to 250 µg/mL. In most of the cases, plant extracts with antimycobacterial activity showed no cytotoxicity on normal human liver cells. Exception were Carica papaya, Cleistopholis patens, and Polyalthia suaveolens with 50% cell cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) ranging from 3.8 to 223 µg/mL. These preliminary results support the use of some West African plants in the treatment of Buruli ulcer. Meanwhile, further studies are required to isolate and characterize the active ingredients in the extracts.
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Shilpi JA, Ali MT, Saha S, Hasan S, Gray AI, Seidel V. Molecular docking studies on InhA, MabA and PanK enzymes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis of ellagic acid derivatives from Ludwigia adscendens and Trewia nudiflora. In Silico Pharmacol 2015; 3:10. [PMID: 26820895 PMCID: PMC4671986 DOI: 10.1186/s40203-015-0014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose There is an urgent need to discover and develop new drugs to combat Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) in humans. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the discovery of new anti-TB agents from natural sources. In the present investigation, molecular docking studies were carried out on two ellagic acid derivatives, namely pteleoellagic acid (1) isolated from Ludwigia adscendens, and 3,3′-di-O-methyl ellagic acid 4-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (2) isolated from Trewia nudiflora, to investigate their binding to two enzymes involved in M. tuberculosis cell wall biogenesis, namely 2-trans-enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) and β-ketoacyl-ACP reductase (MabA), and to pantothenate kinase (PanK type I) involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A, essential for the growth of M. tuberculosis. Methods Molecular docking experiments were performed using AutoDock Vina. The crystal structures of InhA, MabA and PanK were retrieved from the RCSB Protein Data Bank (PDB). Isonicotinic-acyl-NADH for InhA and MabA, and triazole inhibitory compound for PanK, were used as references. Results Pteleoellagic acid showed a high docking score, estimated binding free energy of −9.4 kcal/mol, for the MabA enzyme comparable to the reference compound isonicotinic-acyl-NADH. Conclusions Knowledge on the molecular interactions of ellagic acid derivatives with essential M. tuberculosis targets could prove a useful tool for the design and development of future anti-TB drugs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40203-015-0014-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil A Shilpi
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.,Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Tuhin Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjib Saha
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Shihab Hasan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexander I Gray
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Véronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
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Jang WS, Jyoti MA, Kim S, Nam KW, Ha TKQ, Oh WK, Song HY. In vitro antituberculosis activity of diterpenoids from the Vietnamese medicinal plant Croton tonkinensis. J Nat Med 2015; 70:127-32. [PMID: 26386972 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-015-0937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diterpenoids from the Vietnamese medicinal plant Croton tonkinensis are rich in ent-kaurane, kaurane and the grayanane class and are valuable intermediate plant metabolites with different bioactivities. In this study, we report the antituberculosis activity of these diterpenoids against both susceptible and resistant strains of M. tuberculosis for the first time. All of the ent-kaurane, kaurane and grayanane diterpenoids showed high to moderate activity against Mycobacterium. The highest antituberculosis activity was observed for ent-1β,7α,14β-triacetoxykaur-16-en-15-one (cpp604), with MIC values of 0.78, 1.56 and 3.12-12.5 µg/ml against H37Ra, H37Rv and all other resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis examined. In addition, other ent-kaurane-type diterpenoids also showed very high activities against mycobacterium, including cpp609 (1.56 µg/ml), cpp610 (1.56 µg/ml), cpp601 (3.12-6.25 µg/ml), cpp602 (3.12-6.25 µg/ml), cpp607 (3.12-6.25 µg/ml) and cpp608 (3.12-6.25 µg/ml). From the structure-activity relationship, functional groups R3 and R5 of the ent-kaurane skeleton were found to modulate the antimycobacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong Sik Jang
- Regional Innovation Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Md Anirban Jyoti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-090, South Korea
| | - Sukyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-090, South Korea
| | - Kung-Woo Nam
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Thi Kim Quy Ha
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-090, South Korea. .,Regional Innovation Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea.
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Suriyanarayanan B, Sarojini Santhosh R. Docking analysis insights quercetin can be a non-antibiotic adjuvant by inhibiting Mmr drug efflux pump in Mycobacterium sp. and its homologue EmrE in Escherichia coli. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:1819-34. [PMID: 25297690 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.974211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug efflux pumps (EP) like Mmr in Mycobacterium transported drugs out of cell, a main reason for drug resistance developing in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this in silico study, mainly analysed EP inhibitory potential of a plant-derived flavonoid, quercetin, through docking analysis. Mmr present in Mycobacterium smegmatis and M. tuberculosis, and its homologue EmrE of Escherichia coli was used. Initially, homology modelling of EP monomers and dimers constructed from M. smegmatis, M. tuberculosis and E. coli; the stabilities of models were analysed from Ramachandran plots prepared in PROCHECK. Docking analysis of quercetin with EP protein showed that in all three organisms, the residues for function and stability are important and quercetin had best interactions comparing to compounds such as, verapamil, reserpine, chlorpromazine, Carbonyl Cyanide m- Chloro Phenylhydrazone. Molecular dynamics and simulation studies showed that during the entire course of simulation quercetin-Mmr complex were stable. It insights quercetin can act as a non-antibiotic adjuvant for treatment of tuberculosis by bring down the efflux of drug from bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanian Suriyanarayanan
- a Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases , School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur 613401 , India
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