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Salmio A, Rissanen APE, Kurkela JLO, Rottensteiner M, Seipäjärvi S, Juurakko J, Kujala UM, Laukkanen JA, Wikgren J. Cardiorespiratory fitness is linked with heart rate variability during stress in "at-risk" adults. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:334-347. [PMID: 38213267 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological mechanisms explaining why cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are incompletely understood. We examined if CRF modifies vagally mediated heart rate variability (HRV) during acute physical or psychosocial stress or night-time sleep in adults with cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS Seventy-eight adults (age 56 years [IQR 50-60], 74% female, body mass index 28 kg/m2 [IQR 25-31]) with frequent cardiovascular risk factors participated in this cross-sectional study. They went through physical (treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test [CPET]) and psychosocial (Trier Social Stress Test for Groups [TSST-G]) stress tests and night-time sleep monitoring (polysomnography). Heart rate (HR) and vagally mediated HRV (root mean square of successive differences between normal R-R intervals [RMSSD]) were recorded during the experiments and analyzed by taking account of potential confounders. RESULTS CRF (peak O2 uptake) averaged 99% (range 78-126) in relation to reference data. From pre-rest to moderate intensities during CPET and throughout TSST-G, HR did not differ between participants with CRF below median (CRFlower) and CRF equal to or above median (CRFhigher), whereas CRFhigher had higher HRV than CRFlower, and CRF correlated positively with HRV in all participants. Meanwhile, CRF had no independent associations with HR or HRV levels during slow-wave sleep, the presence of metabolic syndrome was not associated with recorded HR or HRV levels, and single factors predicted HRV responsiveness independently only to limited extents. CONCLUSIONS CRF is positively associated with prevailing vagally mediated HRV at everyday levels of physical and psychosocial stress in adults with cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Salmio
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka E Rissanen
- Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland -
- Sports and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HULA - Helsinki Sports and Exercise Medicine Clinic, Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari L O Kurkela
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mirva Rottensteiner
- Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Santtu Seipäjärvi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Joona Juurakko
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari A Laukkanen
- Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jan Wikgren
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Castillo-Aguilar M, Mabe Castro M, Mabe Castro D, Valdés-Badilla P, Herrera-Valenzuela T, Guzmán-Muñoz E, Lang M, Niño Méndez O, Núñez-Espinosa C. Validity and Reliability of Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Parameters in Older People in Response to Physical Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4456. [PMID: 36901466 PMCID: PMC10001824 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, and to the best of our knowledge, there is no standardized protocol to measure the effect of low- to moderate-intensity physical exercise on autonomic modulation focused in older people. AIM Validate a test-retest short-term exercise protocol for measuring the autonomic response through HRV in older people. METHODS A test-retest study design was used. The participants were selected through intentional non-probabilistic sampling. A total of 105 older people (male: 21.9%; female: 78.1%) were recruited from a local community. The assessment protocol evaluated HRV before and immediately after the 2-min step test. It was performed twice on the same day, considering a time of three chronological hours between the two measurements. RESULTS The posterior distribution of estimated responses in the Bayesian framework suggests moderate to strong evidence favoring a null effect between measurements. In addition, there was moderate to robust agreement between heart rate variability (HRV) indices and assessments, except for low frequency and very low frequency, which showed weak agreement. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide moderate to strong evidence for using HRV to measure cardiac autonomic response to moderate exercise, suggesting that it is sufficiently reliable to show similar results to those shown in this test-retest protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Castillo-Aguilar
- Centro Asistencial de Docencia e Investigación (CADI-UMAG), University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
- Kinesiology Department, University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
| | - Matías Mabe Castro
- Centro Asistencial de Docencia e Investigación (CADI-UMAG), University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
- School of Medicine, University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
| | - Diego Mabe Castro
- Centro Asistencial de Docencia e Investigación (CADI-UMAG), University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
- Kinesiology Department, University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
| | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480094, Chile
- Carrera de Entrenador Deportivo, Escuela de Educación, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile
| | - Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela
- Department of Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago de Chile 9170022, Chile
| | - Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 3480094, Chile
| | - Morin Lang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Human Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
- Center for Research in Physiology and Medicine of Altitude, Biomedical Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Oscar Niño Méndez
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte y la Educación Física, Universidad de Cundinamarca, Bogotá 252211, Colombia
| | - Cristian Núñez-Espinosa
- Centro Asistencial de Docencia e Investigación (CADI-UMAG), University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
- School of Medicine, University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Chile 3480094, Chile
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Rutkowski S, Szary P, Sacha J, Casaburi R. Immersive Virtual Reality Influences Physiologic Responses to Submaximal Exercise: A Randomized, Crossover Trial. Front Physiol 2021; 12:702266. [PMID: 34658904 PMCID: PMC8514762 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.702266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This cross-sectional, randomly assigned study aimed to assess the influence of immersive virtual reality (VR) on exercise tolerance expressed as the duration of a submaximal exercise test (ET) on a cycle ergometer. Methods: The study enrolled 70 healthy volunteers aged 22-25years. Each participant performed an ET with and without VR. Time- and frequency-domain heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were analyzed for the first 3min (T1), the last 3min (T2), and the time at which the shorter of the two tests terminated (Tiso). In the time domain, a SD of R-R intervals (SDNN) and a root mean square of successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD) in milliseconds were computed. The following spectral components were considered: low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), total power (TP), and LF/HF ratio. The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04197024). Results: Compared to standard ET, tests in immersive VR lasted significantly longer (694 vs. 591s, p<0.00001) and were associated with lower HR response across the range of corresponding exercise levels, averaging 5-8 beats/min. In the multiple regression analysis, the ET duration was positively determined by male sex, immersion in VR, and negatively determined by HRT1 and RMSSDT1. Conclusion: Exercising in VR is associated with lower HR which allowed subjects to exercise for a longer time before reaching target heart rate (HR). In addition, the increase in exercise duration was found to be related to an adjustment in autonomic nervous activity at a given work rate favoring parasympathetic predominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rutkowski
- Department of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
| | - Patryk Szary
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sacha
- Department of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
| | - Richard Casaburi
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
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Manser P, Thalmann M, Adcock M, Knols RH, de Bruin ED. Can Reactivity of Heart Rate Variability Be a Potential Biomarker and Monitoring Tool to Promote Healthy Aging? A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses. Front Physiol 2021; 12:686129. [PMID: 34393813 PMCID: PMC8359814 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.686129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Monitoring phasic responses of heart rate variability (HRV) in terms of HRV reactivity [i. e., the absolute change from resting state to on-task (i.e., absolute values of HRV measured during exercise)] might provide useful insights into the individual psychophysiological responses of healthy middle-aged to older adults (HOA) to cognitive and physical exercises. Objectives: To summarize the evidence of phasic HRV responses to cognitive and physical exercises, and to evaluate key moderating factors influencing these responses. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analyses was performed. Publications up to May 2020 of the databases Medline (EBSCO), Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Psycinfo, Web of Science, Scopus, and Pedro were considered. Controlled clinical trials and observational studies measuring phasic HRV responses to cognitive and/or physical exercises in HOA (≥50 years) were included. Results: The initial search identified 6,828 articles, of which 43 were included into the systematic review. Compared to resting state, vagally-mediated HRV indices were significantly reduced during all types of exercises [Hedge's g = -0.608, 95 % CI (-0.999 to -0.218), p = 0.002] indicating a significant parasympathetic withdrawal compared to rest. The key moderating variables of these responses identified included exercise intensity for physical exercises, and participant characteristics (i.e., level of cognitive functioning, physical fitness), task demands (i.e., task complexity and modality) and the individual responses to these cognitive challenges for cognitive exercises. In particular, higher task demands (task complexity and physical exercise intensity) were related to larger HRV reactivities. Better physical fitness and cognition were associated with lower HRV reactivities. Additionally, HRV reactivity appeared to be sensitive to training-induced cognitive and neural changes. Conclusion: HRV reactivity seems to be a promising biomarker for monitoring internal training load and evaluating neurobiological effects of training interventions. Further research is warranted to evaluate the potential of HRV reactivity as a monitoring parameter to guide cognitive-motor training interventions and/or as a biomarker for cognitive impairment. This may facilitate the early detection of cognitive impairment as well as allow individualized training adaptations that, in turn, support the healthy aging process by optimizing individual exercise dose and progression of cognitive-motor training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Manser
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Movement Control and Learning-Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Thalmann
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Movement Control and Learning-Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Adcock
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Movement Control and Learning-Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruud H Knols
- Research and Education, Physiotherapy Occupational Therapy Research Center, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eling D de Bruin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Movement Control and Learning-Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Nascimento EMF, do Nascimento Salvador PC, Antunes D, Possamai LT, Ventura T, Guglielmo LGA, Denadai BS, de Lucas RD. Heart rate variability kinetics during different intensity domains of cycling exercise in healthy subjects. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1231-1239. [PMID: 34077297 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1938689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to verify the heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate (HR) kinetics during the fundamental phase in different intensity domains of cycling exercise. Fourteen males performed five exercise sessions: (1) maximal incremental cycling test; (2) two rest-to-exercise transitions for each intensity domain, that is, heavy (Δ30) and severe (Δ60) domains. HRV markers (SD1 and SD2) and HR kinetics in the fundamental phase were analyzed by first-order exponential fitting. There were no significant differences in amplitude values between SD1Δ30 (8.98 ± 3.52 ms) and SD1Δ60 (9.44 ± 3.24 ms) and SD2Δ30 (24.93 ± 9.16 ms) and SD2Δ60 (25.98 ± 7.29 ms). Significant difference was observed between HRΔ30 (52 ± 7 bpm) and HRΔ60 (63 ± 8 bpm). The time constant (τ) values were significantly different between SD1Δ30 (17.61 ± 6.26 s) and SD1Δ60 (13.86 ± 5.90 s), but not between SD2Δ30 (20.06 ± 3.73 s) and SD2Δ60 (19.47 ± 6.03 s) or HRΔ30 (56.75 ± 18.22 s) and HRΔ60 (58.49 ± 15.61 s). However, the τ values for HRΔ30 were higher and significantly different in relation to SD1Δ30 and SD2Δ30, as well as for HRΔ60 in relation to SD1Δ60 and SD2Δ60. The kinetics of the autonomic variable (SD1 marker) was accelerated by the increased intensity. Moreover, significant differences were found for the τ values, with faster HRV markers than HR, in both intensities of Δ30 and Δ60, which suggests that these variables indicate distinct and specific cardiac autonomic response times during different intensity domains in cycling.HIGHLIGHTS The application of HRV to optimize exercise prescription at different effort intensities is extremely important to obtain assertive and effective results.Analysis of the kinetic responses of HRV is a useful tool for the evaluation of exercise performance and health status.A faster kinetics was found for HRV markers in comparison to HR, for both intensities analysed, which suggests that these variables indicate distinct and specific cardiac autonomic response times during different intensity domains in cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diego Antunes
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Ventura
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Benedito Sérgio Denadai
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Human Performance Laboratory, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dantas de Lucas
- Physical Effort Laboratory, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Independent influence of age on heart rate recovery after flywheel exercise in trained men and women. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12011. [PMID: 34103623 PMCID: PMC8187710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91565-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined whether differences in the heart rate recovery following flywheel exercise cessation were associated with differences in maximal oxygen uptake (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\dot{\text{V}}}$$\end{document}V˙O2 max.), age and sex in trained adults. Eleven men (age range 22–49 years, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\dot{\text{V}}}$$\end{document}V˙O2 max. = 43.6 ± 7.6 mL kg min−1) and ten women (age range 20—53 years, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\dot{\text{V}}}$$\end{document}V˙O2 max. = 38.0 ± 5.7 mL kg min−1) were randomly assigned to complete a squat-exercise on the flywheel ergometer set at three different moments of inertia, while their cardiovascular responses were continuously monitored. During the flywheel exercise the mean arterial pressure rose by ~ 35 to 40% (p = .001), and the increment was more robust in men than women. The cardiac index was two-fold greater across both sexes compared to the baseline (p = .001), while the rise in heart rate (~ 144 bpm) was more pronounced in women to compensate for their load-dependent stroke index decline (p = .001). The load-independent time-course changes in heart rate recovery markers were comparable between the sexes. When these indicators were pooled, a stepwise regression revealed age as the only relevant predictor of both fast and slow components of the heart rate recovery (~ 30% of the shared variance explained, p = .014). The present data suggest that the heart rate recovery declines with age, irrespective of sex, or well-preserved cardiorespiratory fitness in moderately-trained adults.
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Bae GE, Choi A, Beom JH, Kim MJ, Chung HS, Min IK, Chung SP, Kim JH. Correlation between real-time heart rate and fatigue in chest compression providers during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A simulation-based interventional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25425. [PMID: 33879672 PMCID: PMC8078290 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The American Heart Association guidelines recommend switching chest compression providers at least every 2 min depending on their fatigue during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Although the provider's heart rate is widely used as an objective indicator for detecting fatigue, the accuracy of this measure is debatable. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to determine whether real-time heart rate is a measure of fatigue in compression providers. STUDY DESIGN A simulation-based prospective interventional study including 110 participants. METHODS Participants performed chest compressions in pairs for four cycles using advanced cardiovascular life support simulation. Each participant's heart rate was measured using wearable healthcare devices, and qualitative variables regarding individual compressions were obtained from computerized devices. The primary outcome was correct depth of chest compressions. The main exposure was the change in heart rate, defined as the difference between the participant's heart rate during individual compressions and that before the simulation was initiated. RESULTS With a constant compression duration for one cycle, the overall accuracy of compression depth significantly decreased with increasing heart rate. Female participants displayed significantly decreased accuracy of compression depth with increasing heart rate (odds ratio [OR]: 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95-0.98; P < .001). Conversely, male participants displayed significantly improved accuracy with increasing heart rate (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02-1.04; P < .001). CONCLUSION Increasing heart rate could reflect fatigue in providers performing chest compressions with a constant duration for one cycle. Thus, provider rotation should be considered according to objectively measured fatigue during CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - In Kyung Min
- Department of Research Affairs, Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Clark NW, Herring CH, Goldstein ER, Stout JR, Wells AJ, Fukuda DH. Heart Rate Variability Behavior during Exercise and Short-Term Recovery Following Energy Drink Consumption in Men and Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082372. [PMID: 32784372 PMCID: PMC7468719 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the cardiac autonomic responses, as measured by heart rate variability (HRV), during cycling exercise and short-term rest after energy drink consumption. Seventeen participants (seven males and 10 females; age: 22.8 ± 3.5 years; BMI: 24.3 ± 3.3 kg/m2) completed this double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced crossover design study. Participants received an energy drink formula containing 140 mg of caffeine and a placebo in a randomized order before completing a 10-min steady-state warm up (WUP) and a graded exercise test to exhaustion (GXT) followed by a 15-min short-term rest (STR) period. Heartbeat intervals were recorded using a heart rate monitor. Data were divided into WUP, GXT, and STR phases, and HRV parameters were averaged within each phase. Additionally, root mean square of the standard deviation of R–R intervals (RMSSD) during GXT was analyzed to determine the HRV threshold. Separate two-way (sex (male vs. female) x drink (energy drink vs. placebo)) repeated measures ANOVA were utilized. Significant increases in high frequency (HF) and RMSSD were shown during WUP after energy drink consumption, while interactions between drink and sex were observed for HRV threshold parameters (initial RMSSD and rate of RMSSD decline). No significant differences were noted during STR. Energy drink consumption may influence cardiac autonomic responses during low-intensity exercise, and sex-based differences in response to graded exercise to exhaustion may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas W. Clark
- Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, 12494 University Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (N.W.C.); (C.H.H.); (E.R.G.); (J.R.S.)
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, 12494 University Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Chad H. Herring
- Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, 12494 University Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (N.W.C.); (C.H.H.); (E.R.G.); (J.R.S.)
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, 12494 University Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Erica R. Goldstein
- Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, 12494 University Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (N.W.C.); (C.H.H.); (E.R.G.); (J.R.S.)
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, 12494 University Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, 12494 University Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (N.W.C.); (C.H.H.); (E.R.G.); (J.R.S.)
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, 12494 University Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
| | - Adam J. Wells
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, 12494 University Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
- Exercise Physiology Intervention and Collaboration (EPIC) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, 12494 University Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - David H. Fukuda
- Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, 12494 University Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (N.W.C.); (C.H.H.); (E.R.G.); (J.R.S.)
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, 12494 University Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-407-823-0442
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Sousa DFD, Eustaquio JMJ, Marocolo M, Mota GR, Barbosa Neto O. CARDIAC AUTONOMIC ALTERATIONS IN DIFFERENT TACTICAL PROFILES OF BRAZILIAN JIU JITSU. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220202603216617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ) is an individual sport, characterized by intermittent body movements aimed at the submission (defeat) of the opponent. The sport involves two tactical profiles of fighters: the guard (GG) and the passer (PG), which present potential differences in relation to anthropometric patterns and cardiac autonomic modulation. Objectives To evaluate the effects of different BJJ fighting styles on cardiac autonomic modulation. Methods Twelve PG-style athletes and 12 GG-style athletes, both male, with mean ages of 30.4 ± 1.9 and 30.6 ± 1.3 years, respectively, participated in the study. The following measurements were taken at rest: anthropometric profile, body composition and hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure [BP], basal heart rate [HR] and heart rate variability [HRV], the latter through linear and nonlinear analysis). Results The PG fighters had higher waist and hip circumference diameters compared to the GG fighters (p <0.05). There were no differences regarding baseline hemodynamic parameters of HR and BP. Total HRV as well as parasympathetic modulation indices in both the time and frequency domains were significantly lower in the GG fighters than in the PG fighters (p <0.05). In contrast, the sympathovagal modulation markers in the frequency domain, and the sympathovagal index, were higher in GG than in PG (p <0.05). The SD1 index of nonlinear analysis was lower in the GG fighters than in the PG (p <0.05). Conclusion In general, guardian style fighters have lower vagal modulation and cardiac sympathetic hyperactivity at rest, compared to passing fighters. Level of evidence IV; Case series.
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Abellán-Aynés O, López-Plaza D, Alacid F, Naranjo-Orellana J, Manonelles P. Recovery of Heart Rate Variability After Exercise Under Hot Conditions: The Effect of Relative Humidity. Wilderness Environ Med 2019; 30:260-267. [PMID: 31248817 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to analyze changes in heart rate variability (HRV) during exercise in hot environments and recovery to baseline values depending on relative humidity. METHODS Ten recreational runners participated in this study. Each participant performed 2 trials consisting of 30 min of continuous running under hot and dry (HD) (38°C and 28% relative humidity) and hot and humid (HH) conditions (38°C and 64% relative humidity) at their common 10 km race-running rhythm. HRV and body mass were assessed pre- and post-trial; the rating of perceived exertion and HRV were assessed during the trial; and HRV measurements were repeated 2, 4, 8, and 24 h postexercise. Primary HRV outcomes were root mean square of the successive differences, high frequency power, stress score, and sympathetic/parasympathetic ratio. One-way analysis of variance testing was used to analyze differences. RESULTS No significant difference in body mass occurred across the different conditions or distances covered (P>0.05). Rating of perceived exertion presented the highest correlation values with stress score (r=0.729 for HD; r=0.568 for HH) and sympathetic/parasympathetic ratio (r=0.621 for HD; r=0.519 for HH) during exercise. HRV recovered to baseline values more quickly after exercising under dry conditions (4 h) than under humid conditions (between 8 and 24 h). CONCLUSIONS Stress score and sympathetic/parasympathetic ratio seem to be the best HRV predictors of internal load. Although there are no differences in HRV during recovery at the same time points in both conditions, the recovery is slower after exercise in HH than in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Abellán-Aynés
- Department of Sports Medicine, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Daniel López-Plaza
- Department of Sports Medicine, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Alacid
- Department of Education, Health Research Centre, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Manonelles
- Department of Sports Medicine, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Schamne JC, Ferreira Junior A, Araújo ACD, Lima-Silva AE, Bertuzzi RCDM, Okuno NM. Cardiac autonomic responses during and after a single session of aerobic exercise with and without blood flow restriction. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201900030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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12
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Michael S, Graham KS, Davis GM. Cardiac Autonomic Responses during Exercise and Post-exercise Recovery Using Heart Rate Variability and Systolic Time Intervals-A Review. Front Physiol 2017; 8:301. [PMID: 28611675 PMCID: PMC5447093 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac parasympathetic activity may be non-invasively investigated using heart rate variability (HRV), although HRV is not widely accepted to reflect sympathetic activity. Instead, cardiac sympathetic activity may be investigated using systolic time intervals (STI), such as the pre-ejection period. Although these autonomic indices are typically measured during rest, the “reactivity hypothesis” suggests that investigating responses to a stressor (e.g., exercise) may be a valuable monitoring approach in clinical and high-performance settings. However, when interpreting these indices it is important to consider how the exercise dose itself (i.e., intensity, duration, and modality) may influence the response. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to review the literature regarding how the exercise dosage influences these autonomic indices during exercise and acute post-exercise recovery. There are substantial methodological variations throughout the literature regarding HRV responses to exercise, in terms of exercise protocols and HRV analysis techniques. Exercise intensity is the primary factor influencing HRV, with a greater intensity eliciting a lower HRV during exercise up to moderate-high intensity, with minimal change observed as intensity is increased further. Post-exercise, a greater preceding intensity is associated with a slower HRV recovery, although the dose-response remains unclear. A longer exercise duration has been reported to elicit a lower HRV only during low-moderate intensity and when accompanied by cardiovascular drift, while a small number of studies have reported conflicting results regarding whether a longer duration delays HRV recovery. “Modality” has been defined multiple ways, with limited evidence suggesting exercise of a greater muscle mass and/or energy expenditure may delay HRV recovery. STI responses during exercise and recovery have seldom been reported, although limited data suggests that intensity is a key determining factor. Concurrent monitoring of HRV and STI may be a valuable non-invasive approach to investigate autonomic stress reactivity; however, this integrative approach has not yet been applied with regards to exercise stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Michael
- Discipline of Exercise and Sports Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kenneth S Graham
- Discipline of Exercise and Sports Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of SydneySydney, NSW, Australia.,New South Wales Institute of SportSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glen M Davis
- Discipline of Exercise and Sports Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of SydneySydney, NSW, Australia
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Oliveira-Silva I, Leicht AS, Moraes MR, Simões HG, Del Rosso S, Córdova C, Boullosa DA. Heart Rate and Cardiovascular Responses to Commercial Flights: Relationships with Physical Fitness. Front Physiol 2016; 7:648. [PMID: 28082914 PMCID: PMC5186762 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the influence of physical fitness on cardiac autonomic control in passengers prior to, during and following commercial flights. Twenty-two, physically active men (36.4 ± 6.4 years) undertook assessments of physical fitness followed by recordings of 24-h heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and blood pressure (BP) on a Control (no flight) and Experimental (flight) day. Recordings were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures with relationships between variables examined via Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients. Compared to the Control day, 24-h HR was significantly greater (>7%) and HRV measures (5–39%) significantly lower on the Experimental day. During the 1-h flight, HR (24%), and BP (6%) were increased while measures of HRV (26–45%) were reduced. Absolute values of HRV during the Experimental day and relative changes in HRV measures (Control-Experimental) were significantly correlated with measures of aerobic fitness (r = 0.43 to 0.51; −0.53 to −0.52) and body composition (r = −0.63 to −0.43; 0.48–0.61). The current results demonstrated that short-term commercial flying significantly altered cardiovascular function including the reduction of parasympathetic modulations. Further, greater physical fitness and lower body fat composition were associated with greater cardiac autonomic control for passengers during flights. Enhanced physical fitness and leaner body composition may enable passengers to cope better with the cardiovascular stress and high allostatic load associated with air travel for enhanced passenger well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iransé Oliveira-Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of BrasiliaÁguas Claras, Brazil; Physical Education, UniEVANGÉLICA - Centro UniversitárioAnápolis, Brazil
| | - Anthony S Leicht
- Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Milton R Moraes
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia Águas Claras, Brazil
| | - Herbert G Simões
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia Águas Claras, Brazil
| | - Sebastián Del Rosso
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia Águas Claras, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Córdova
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia Águas Claras, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Boullosa
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of BrasiliaÁguas Claras, Brazil; Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook UniversityTownsville, QLD, Australia
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