1
|
Zhuo S, Bai M, Wang Z, Chen L, Li Z, Zhu X, Chen J, Ye X, Guo C, Chen Y. Glycogen synthesis is required for adaptive thermogenesis in beige adipose tissue and affects diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E696-E708. [PMID: 38568151 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00074.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Glycogen is a form of energy storage for glucose in different tissues such as liver and skeletal muscle. It remains incompletely understood how glycogen impacts on adipose tissue functionality. Cold exposure elevated the expression of Gys1 that encodes glycogen synthase 1 in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). The in vivo function of Gys1 was analyzed using a mouse model in which Gys1 was deleted specifically in adipose tissues. Under normal chow conditions, Gys1 deletion caused little changes to body weight and glucose metabolism. Deletion of Gys1 abrogated upregulation of UCP1 and other thermogenesis-related genes in iWAT upon prolonged cold exposure or treatment with β3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL-316,243. Stimulation of UCP1 by CL-316,243 in adipose-derived stromal cells (stromal vascular fractions, SVFs) was also reduced by Gys1 deletion. Both the basal glycogen content and CL-316,243-stimulated glycogen accumulation in adipose tissues were reduced by Gys1 deletion. High-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance were aggravated in Gys1-deleted mice. The loss of body weight upon CL-316,243 treatment was also abrogated by the loss of Gys1. In conclusion, our results underscore the pivotal role of glycogen synthesis in adaptive thermogenesis in beige adipose tissue and its impact on diet-induced obesity in mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Glycogen is one of major types of fuel reserve in the body and its classical function is to maintain blood glucose level. This study uncovers that glycogen synthesis is required for beige fat tissue to generate heat upon cold exposure. Such a function of glycogen is linked to development of high-fat diet-induced obesity, thus extending our understanding about the physiological functions of glycogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Zhuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zinan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Simões MS, Ames-Sibin AP, Lima EP, Pateis VO, Bersani-Amado CA, Mathias PCF, Peralta RM, Sá-Nakanishi AB, Bracht L, Bracht A, Comar JF. Resveratrol biotransformation and actions on the liver metabolism of healthy and arthritic rats. Life Sci 2022; 310:120991. [PMID: 36162485 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of resveratrol on glycogen catabolism and gluconeogenesis in perfused livers of healthy and arthritic rats. The actions of resveratrol-3-O-glucuronide (R3G) and the biotransformation of resveratrol into R3G was further evaluated in the livers. MAIN METHODS arthritis was induced with Freund's adjuvant. Resveratrol at concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μM and 200 μM R3G were introduced in perfused livers. Resveratrol and metabolites were measured in the outflowing perfusate. Respiration of isolated mitochondria and activity of gluconeogenic enzymes were also evaluated in the livers. KEY FINDINGS resveratrol inhibited glycogen catabolism when infused at concentrations above 50 μM and gluconeogenesis even at 10 μM in both healthy and arthritic rat livers, but more sensitive in these latter. Resveratrol above 100 μM inhibited ADP-stimulated respiration and the activities of NADH- and succinate-oxidases in mitochondria, which were partially responsible for gluconeogenesis inhibition. Pyruvate carboxylase activity was inhibited by 25 μM resveratrol and should inhibit gluconeogenesis already at low concentrations. Resveratrol was significantly metabolized to R3G in healthy rat livers, however, R3G formation was lower in arthritic rat livers. The latter must be in part a consequence of a lower glucose disposal for glucuronidation. When compared to resveratrol, R3G inhibited gluconeogenesis in a lower extension and glycogen catabolism in a higher extension. SIGNIFICANCE the effects of resveratrol and R3G tended to be transitory and existed only when the resveratrol is present in the organ, however, they should be considered because significant serum concentrations of both are found after oral ingestion of resveratrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mellina S Simões
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Emanuele P Lima
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | - Vanesa O Pateis
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo C F Mathias
- Department of Cellular Biology, State University of Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosane M Peralta
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Lívia Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, PR, Brazil
| | - Jurandir F Comar
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, PR, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu JH, Wang Z, Mou JJ, Wang CL, Huang WM, Xue HL, Wu M, Chen L, Xu LX. Up-Regulation of Glycogen Synthesis and Degradation Enzyme Level Maintained Myocardial Glycogen in Huddling Brandt's Voles Under Cool Environments. Front Physiol 2021; 12:593129. [PMID: 33841168 PMCID: PMC8033036 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.593129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small mammals exhibit limited glucose use and glycogen accumulation during hypothermia. Huddling is a highly evolved cooperative behavioral strategy in social mammals, allowing adaptation to environmental cooling. However, it is not clear whether this behavior affects the utilization of glycogen in cold environments. Here, we studied the effects of huddling on myocardial glycogen content in Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) under a mild cold environment (15°C). Results showed that (1) Compared to the control (22°C) group (CON), the number of glycogenosomes more than tripled in the cool separated group (CS) in both males and females; whereas the number of glycogenosomes increased in females but was maintained in males in the cool huddling group (CH). (2) Glycogen synthase (GS) activity in the CS group remained unchanged, whereas glycogen phosphorylase (GYPL) activity decreased, which mediated the accumulation of glycogen content of the CS group. (3) Both GS and GYPL activity increased which may contribute to the stability of glycogen content in CH group. (4) The expression levels of glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT4 increased in the CS group, accompanied by an increase in glucose metabolism. These results indicate that the reduced glycogen degradation enzyme level and enhanced glucose transport may lead to an increase in myocardial glycogen content of the separated voles under cool environment; while the up-regulation of glycogen synthesis and degradation enzyme level maintained myocardial glycogen content in the huddling vole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hui Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Jun-Jie Mou
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Chuan-Li Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Wei-Mei Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Hui-Liang Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Ming Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Lai-Xiang Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brás NF, Neves RPP, Lopes FAA, Correia MAS, Palma AS, Sousa SF, Ramos MJ. Combined in silico and in vitro studies to identify novel antidiabetic flavonoids targeting glycogen phosphorylase. Bioorg Chem 2020; 108:104552. [PMID: 33357981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Novel pharmacological strategies for the treatment of diabetic patients are now focusing on inhibiting glycogenolysis steps. In this regard, glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is a validated target for the discovery of innovative antihyperglycemic molecules. Natural products, and in particular flavonoids, have been reported as potent inhibitors of GP at the cellular level. Herein, free-energy calculations and microscale thermophoresis approaches were performed to get an in-depth assessment of the binding affinities and elucidate intermolecular interactions of several flavonoids at the inhibitor site of GP. To our knowledge, this is the first study indicating genistein, 8-prenylgenistein, apigenin, 8-prenylapigenin, 8-prenylnaringenin, galangin and valoneic acid dilactone as natural molecules with high inhibitory potency toward GP. We identified: i) the residues Phe285, Tyr613, Glu382 and/or Arg770 as the most relevant for the binding of the best flavonoids to the inhibitor site of GP, and ii) the 5-OH, 7-OH, 8-prenyl substitutions in ring A and the 4'-OH insertion in ring B to favor flavonoid binding at this site. Our results are invaluable to plan further structural modifications through organic synthesis approaches and develop more effective pharmaceuticals for Type 2 Diabetes treatment, and serve as the starting point for the exploration of food products for therapeutic usage, as well as for the development of novel bio-functional food and dietary supplements/herbal medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natércia F Brás
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui P P Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Filipa A A Lopes
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia-Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Márcia A S Correia
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia-Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Angelina S Palma
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia-Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sérgio F Sousa
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, BioSIM, Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Ramos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Z, Jiang S, Cao J, Liu K, Xu S, Arfat Y, Guo Q, Chang H, Goswami N, Hinghofer‐Szalkay H, Gao Y. Novel findings on ultrastructural protection of skeletal muscle fibers during hibernation of Daurian ground squirrels: Mitochondria, nuclei, cytoskeleton, glycogen. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13318-13331. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education Xi'an China
| | - Shan‐Feng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education Xi'an China
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education Xi'an China
| | - Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education Xi'an China
| | - Shen‐Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education Xi'an China
| | - Yasir Arfat
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education Xi'an China
| | - Quan‐Ling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education Xi'an China
| | - Hui Chang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education Xi'an China
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Physiology Unit, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | - Helmut Hinghofer‐Szalkay
- Physiology Unit, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz Graz Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Modern drug discovery and design approaches rely heavily on high-throughput methods and state-of-the-art infrastructures with robotic facilities and sophisticated platforms. However, the anticipated research output that would eventually lead to new drugs with minimal or no side effects to the market has not been achieved. Despite the vast amount of information generated, very little is converted to knowledge and even less is capitalized for cross-discipline research actions. Therefore, the need for re-launching rational approaches has become apparent. Here we present an overview of the new trends in rational drug design using integrative structural biology with emphasis on X-ray protein crystallography and small molecules as ligands. With the aim to increase researchers' awareness on the available possibilities to perform front line research, we also underline the benefits and enhanced prospects offered to the scientific community, through access to research infrastructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda S Chegkazi
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Mamais
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia I Sotiropoulou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia D Chrysina
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|