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Xia T, Li J, Chen L. Association of Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Allostatic Load. Am J Prev Med 2024:S0749-3797(24)00134-X. [PMID: 38648906 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leisure-time physical activity decreases allostatic load, a measure of burden of chronic stress. However, the role of occupational physical activity is unknown. This study examined associations of occupational physical activity and leisure-time physical activity with allostatic load among workers in the U.S. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 6,944 U.S. workers aged 20-64 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2018). Physical activity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Allostatic load was calculated using biomarkers of cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune systems. Associations of occupational physical activity and leisure-time physical activity with allostatic load were examined using negative binomial regressions. Analyses were conducted between August 2022 and March 2023. RESULTS Vigorous leisure-time physical activity inversely associated with allostatic load among all workers (count ratio=0.68, 95% CI=0.62, 0.76) and in each sex- and age-stratified group as well as in each race/ethnicity-stratified group. Vigorous occupational physical activity positively associated with allostatic load only among females aged 20-44 years (1.38, 95% CI=1.10, 1.73). Inverse associations of vigorous leisure-time physical activity with allostatic load were similar in young females with high or low vigorous occupational physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Increasing vigorous leisure-time physical activity associates with a lower allostatic load for all workers, whereas increasing vigorous occupational physical activity associates with a higher allostatic load only in young females. Promoting vigorous leisure-time physical activity reduces allostatic load among young females with either low or high vigorous occupational physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xia
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Stang P, Rico-Dresel D. [Effectiveness of Four-Week Mindfulness-Based Training on Life Satisfaction]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2023; 73:353-357. [PMID: 37054743 DOI: 10.1055/a-2050-3633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The training of the present work was designed based on the study by Demarzo and colleagues (2017), in which a four-week mindfulness-based intervention showed a similar effectiveness as the eight-week mindfulness-based stress reduction training. A sample of 120 participants was divided into an experimental group (n=80) and a control group (n=40) which filled out questionnaires about their mindfulness (Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS)) and life satisfaction (Fragebogen zur allgemeinen Lebenszufriedenheit (FLZ), Kurzskala Lebenszufriedenheit-1 (L-1)) at two measurement times. It was shown that the mindfulness ability of the experimental group increased after the training and differed significantly (p=0,05) both from the first measurement point and from the control group at both measurement points. The same was true for life satisfaction, which was measured using a multi-item scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Stang
- Professur für Psychologie I, SRH Wilhelm Löhe Hochschule, Fürth
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Wahrendorf M, Chandola T, Goldberg M, Zins M, Hoven H, Siegrist J. Adverse employment histories and allostatic load: associations over the working life. J Epidemiol Community Health 2021; 76:374-381. [PMID: 34625518 PMCID: PMC8921582 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2021-217607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Most studies on the health impact of occupational stress use single-point measures of stress at work. This study analyses the associations of properties of entire employment trajectories over an extended time period with a composite score of allostatic load (AL). Methods Data come from the French CONSTANCES cohort, with information on adverse employment histories between ages 25 and 45 and a composite score of AL (based on 10 biomarkers, range 0–10) among people aged 45 or older (47 680 women and 45 035 men). Data were collected by questionnaires (including retrospective employment histories) or by health examinations (including blood-based biomarkers). We distinguish six career characteristics: number of temporary jobs, number of job changes, number of unemployment periods, years out of work, mode occupational position and lack of job promotion. Results For both men and women, results of negative binomial regressions indicate that adverse employment histories are related to higher levels of AL, particularly histories that are characterised by a continued disadvantaged occupational position, repeated periods of unemployment or years out of work. Findings are adjusted for partnership, age and education, and respondents with a health-related career interruption or early retirement are excluded. Conclusions Our study highlights physiological responses as a mechanism through which chronic stress during working life is linked to poor health and calls for intervention efforts among more disadvantaged groups at early stages of labour market participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Wahrendorf
- Centre for Health and Society, Institute of Medical Sociology, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tarani Chandola
- Department of Social Statistics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Population-Based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, INSERM, UMS 011, Villejuif, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Marie Zins
- Population-Based Epidemiologic Cohorts Unit, INSERM, UMS 011, Villejuif, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Hanno Hoven
- Centre for Health and Society, Institute of Medical Sociology, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Siegrist
- Senior Professorship Work Stress Research, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Lehmann JAM, Schwarz E, Rahmani Azad Z, Gritzka S, Seifried-Dübon T, Diebig M, Gast M, Kilian R, Nater U, Jarczok M, Kessemeier F, Braun S, Balint E, Rothermund E, Junne F, Angerer P, Gündel H. Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a stress management training for leaders of small and medium sized enterprises - study protocol for a randomized controlled-trial. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:468. [PMID: 33685418 PMCID: PMC7938293 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaders in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are exposed to increased stress as a result of a range of challenges. Moreover, they rarely have the opportunity to participate in stress management trainings. Therefore, KMU-GO (ger: Kleine und mittlere Unternehmen - Gesundheitsoffensive; en: small and medium-sized enterprises - health campaign) aims at conducting and evaluating such a stress management training. The focus of evaluation does not only lie on the effects on leaders participating but also on their employees. METHODS The study is planned as a 2 × 3 mixed design with two groups (intervention and waiting control group) as a between factor and point in time (at baseline, 6 and 12 months later) as a within factor. We aim at collecting data from N = 200 leaders. Based on the results of a preceding assessment, an already successfully implemented stress management training was adapted to SME needs and now serves as the framework of this intervention. The stress management training comprises one and a half days and is followed by two booster sessions (each 180 min) about 3 and 6 months after the training. The main focus of this intervention lies on specifying leaders stress reactivity while at the same time investigating its effects on employees' mental health. Further dependent variables are leaders´ depression and anxiety scores, effort-reward imbalance, sick days and psychophysiological measures of heart rate variability, hair cortisol, and salivary alpha-amylase. Cost-effectiveness analyses will be conducted from a societal and employers' point of view. DISCUSSION Stress management is a highly relevant issue for leaders in SMEs. By providing an adequate occupational stress management training, we expect to improve leaders´ and also employees` mental health, thereby preventing economic losses for SMEs and the national economy. However, collecting data from employees about the success of a stress management training of their leader is a highly sensitive topic. It requires a carefully planned proceeding ensuring for example a high degree of transparency, anonymity, and providing team incentives. TRIAL REGISTRATION The KMU-GO trial is registered at the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS): DRKS00023457 (05.11.2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- J. A. M. Lehmann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - E. Schwarz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Z. Rahmani Azad
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen Osianderstraße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - S. Gritzka
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - T. Seifried-Dübon
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen Osianderstraße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. Diebig
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M. Gast
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - R. Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University and Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Ludwig-Heilmeyer-Str. 2, 89312 Günzburg, Germany
| | - U. Nater
- Department for Clinical and Health Psychology, Wien University, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Wien, Austria
| | - M. Jarczok
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - F. Kessemeier
- Section of Health Care Research and Rehabilitation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - S. Braun
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - E. Balint
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - E. Rothermund
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - F. Junne
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen Osianderstraße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - P. Angerer
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - H. Gündel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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