1
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Lv C, Li X, Yang G, Chen H, Li C. Chemical Synthesis of Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate Tetrasaccharide with Fucosyl Branch at the 6-OH of GalNAc Residue. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:184. [PMID: 38667801 PMCID: PMC11051034 DOI: 10.3390/md22040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate is a unique glycosaminoglycan isolated from sea cucumbers, with excellent anticoagulant activity. The fucosyl branch in FCS is generally located at the 3-OH of D-glucuronic acid but, recently, a novel structure with α-L-fucose linked to the 6-OH of N-acetyl-galactosamine has been found. Here, using functionalized monosaccharide building blocks, we prepared novel FCS tetrasaccharides with fucosyl branches both at the 6-OH of GalNAc and 3-OH of GlcA. In the synthesis, the protective group strategy of selective O-sulfation, as well as stereoselective glycosylation, was established, which enabled the efficient synthesis of the specific tetrasaccharide compounds. This research enriches knowledge on the structural types of FCS oligosaccharides and facilitates the exploration of the structure-activity relationship in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guoqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haijiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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2
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Lobine D, Rengasamy KRR, Mahomoodally MF. Functional foods and bioactive ingredients harnessed from the ocean: current status and future perspectives. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5794-5823. [PMID: 33724095 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1893643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With an increase in life expectancy and decrease of quality-of-life couple with the high prevalence of diseases, diet is expected to play a key function in sustaining human health. Nutritionists, food technologists and medical experts are working in synergy to cater for the increasing demand of food with associated therapeutic benefits, commonly known as functional food, that may improve well-being and reduce the risk of diseases. Interestingly, the marine ecosystem, due to its abundant and phenomenal biodiversity of marine organisms, constitutes a vital source of a panoply of healthy foods supply for the thriving functional food industry. Marine organisms such as seaweeds, sea cucumbers, sponges, and mollusks amongst others are sources of thousands of biologically active metabolites with antioxidant, anti-parasitic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Given the growing number of research and interest to probe into the therapeutic roles of marine products, this review was designed to provide a comprehensive summary of the therapeutic properties of marine organisms (macroalgae, sea cucumbers and fish among others) which are consumed worldwide, in addition to their potentials and as sources of functional ingredients for developing novel food and fostering wellness. The gap between research development and actual commercialization, and future prospects of marine-based products also summarized to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina Lobine
- Department of Health Sciences; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, North West Province, South Africa
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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3
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Zhang L, Xu P, Liu B, Yu B. Chemical Synthesis of Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate Oligosaccharides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15908-15919. [PMID: 32567313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (FuCSs) are a unique type of polysaccharides occurring in sea cucumber that show a variety of biological activities. In particular, well-defined FuCS oligosaccharides, consisting of a trisaccharide repeating unit of β-d-GalNAc(4,6-diS)-(1→4)-[α-l-Fuc(2,4-diS)-(1→3)]-β-d-GlcUA, display potent anticoagulant activity via selective inhibition of the intrinsic tenase, which could be developed into anticoagulant drugs without bleeding risk. Herein, we report an effective approach to the synthesis of FuCS oligosaccharides, as demonstrated by the successful elaboration of FuCS tri-, hexa-, and nonasaccharides. The syntheses employ an orthogonally protected trisaccharide as a pivotal building block that can be readily converted into the donor and acceptor for glycosidic coupling. In addition, the internal patterns of protecting groups, involving N-trichloroacetyl for N-acetyl group, benzylidene and benzyl groups for sulfonated hydroxyl groups, and benzoyl and methyl esters for free hydroxyl and carboxylic acid, respectively, ensure stereoselective formation of the glycosidic linkages and sequential transformation into the desired FuCS oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhong Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024,, China
| | - Benzhang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024,, China
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4
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Chahed L, Balti R, Elhiss S, Bouchemal N, Ajzenberg N, Ollivier V, Chaubet F, Maaroufi RM, Mansour MB. Anticoagulant activity of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate isolated from Cucumaria syracusana. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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5
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Drobnik J, Pietrucha K, Janczar K, Polis L, Polis B, Safandowska M, Szymański J. Intra-cerebral implantation of a variety of collagenous scaffolds with nervous embryonic cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4758-4764. [PMID: 31772645 PMCID: PMC6862020 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagenous scaffolds provide good conditions for embryonic nerve cell growth. The aim of the current study was to assess the brains reaction to the implantation of 3D sponge-shaped scaffolds. These scaffolds consisted of collagen (Col) and Col with chondroitin sulphate, which is modified by carbodiimide, or Col crosslinked with dialdehyde cellulose. The current study also evaluated the expression of integrins α2 and β1 in embryonic nerve cells. Embryonic nerve cells were isolated from the brains of rat embryos. Acellular scaffolds, or scaffolds populated with embryonic nerve cells, were implanted into the rats brain. The fibers of all the implanted scaffolds remained intact and served as a template for cell infiltration. The implants induced minimal to moderate inflammatory responses and minimal glial scar formations. Immunohistochemical studies did not indicate any microtubule-associated protein 2 or glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells inside the scaffolds. Acellular and cell-populated scaffolds yielded similar responses in the brain. The expression of integrin α2 and β1 was observed in embryonic nervous cells. TC-I15, the integrin α2β1 inhibitor, was not demonstrated to modify cell entrapment within the collagenous scaffolds. All applied scaffolds were well tolerated by the tissue and were indicated to support blood vessel formation. Therefore, all tested biomaterials are recommended for further studies. Additional chemical modifications of the material are suggested to protect the seeded cells from apoptosis after implantation into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Drobnik
- Laboratory of Connective Tissue Metabolism, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pietrucha
- Department of Material and Commodity Sciences and Textile Metrology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Janczar
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Lech Polis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Polis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Safandowska
- Department of Material and Commodity Sciences and Textile Metrology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Szymański
- Central Scientific Laboratory, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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6
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Pomin VH, Vignovich WP, Gonzales AV, Vasconcelos AA, Mulloy B. Galactosaminoglycans: Medical Applications and Drawbacks. Molecules 2019; 24:E2803. [PMID: 31374852 PMCID: PMC6696379 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Galactosaminoglycans (GalAGs) are sulfated glycans composed of alternating N-acetylgalactosamine and uronic acid units. Uronic acid epimerization, sulfation patterns and fucosylation are modifications observed on these molecules. GalAGs have been extensively studied and exploited because of their multiple biomedical functions. Chondroitin sulfates (CSs), the main representative family of GalAGs, have been used in alternative therapy of joint pain/inflammation and osteoarthritis. The relatively novel fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS), commonly found in sea cucumbers, has been screened in multiple systems in addition to its widely studied anticoagulant action. Biomedical properties of GalAGs are directly dependent on the sugar composition, presence or lack of fucose branches, as well as sulfation patterns. Although research interest in GalAGs has increased considerably over the three last decades, perhaps motivated by the parallel progress of glycomics, serious questions concerning the effectiveness and potential side effects of GalAGs have recently been raised. Doubts have centered particularly on the beneficial functions of CS-based therapeutic supplements and the potential harmful effects of FCS as similarly observed for oversulfated chondroitin sulfate, as a contaminant of heparin. Unexpected components were also detected in CS-based pharmaceutical preparations. This review therefore aims to offer a discussion on (1) the current and potential therapeutic applications of GalAGs, including those of unique features extracted from marine sources, and (2) the potential drawbacks of this class of molecules when applied to medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pomin
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA.
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA.
| | - William P Vignovich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Alysia V Gonzales
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Ariana A Vasconcelos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Imperial College, Department of Medicine, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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7
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He H, Chen D, Li X, Li C, Zhao JH, Qin HB. Synthesis of trisaccharide repeating unit of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2877-2882. [PMID: 30789160 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of repeating unit of trisaccharide, complete stereoselectivity of glycosylation and flexible synthetic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- Kunming 650201
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- Kunming 650201
| | - Xiaomei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- Kunming 650201
| | - Chengji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- Kunming 650201
| | - Jin-Hua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- Kunming 650201
| | - Hong-Bo Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- Kunming 650201
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8
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Li Q, Cai C, Chang Y, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Xue C, Li G, Yu G. A novel structural fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from Holothuria Mexicana and its effects on growth factors binding and anticoagulation. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 181:1160-1168. [PMID: 29253945 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS), a structurally distinct glycosaminoglycan from the body wall of sea cucumber, possesses many biological properties and pharmacology functions. The refined structure of FCS isolated from sea cucumber Holothuria Mexicana (FCShm) was characterized by NMR spectra and HILIC-FTMS, which demonstrated four types of branches in FCShm. Among these, two branches were α-L-Fuc-2S4S (where Fuc is fucose and S is sulfo) and α-L-Fuc-4S linked to O-3 of glucuronic acid residues, while others were identified as α-L-Fuc-4S and α-L-Fuc-3S4S attached to O-6 of N-acetylgalactosamine residue. Furthermore, the fucosyl branches were α-1,3-linked with different degree of polymerization from 1 to 5. FCShm exhibited high affinity to fibroblast growth factor 1 and 2, growth factors involved in neovascularization. Moreover, FCShm displayed intrinsic anticoagulant activity and inhibited thrombin and factor Xa activation by antithrombin III. Our results proposed a novel structural FCS and demonstrated its favorable application prospects in anti-angiogenesis and anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yaoguang Chang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biomedical Engineering, Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biomedical Engineering, Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Changhu Xue
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Guoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China.
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9
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Abstract
Heparin is one of the oldest drugs, which nevertheless remains in widespread clinical use as an inhibitor of blood coagulation. The history of its identification a century ago unfolded amid one of the most fascinating scientific controversies turning around the distribution of credit for its discovery. The composition, purification and structure-function relationship of this naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan regarding its classical role as anticoagulant will be dealt with before proceeding to discuss its therapeutic potential in, among other, inflammatory and infectious disease, cancer treatment, cystic fibrosis and Alzheimer's disease. The first bibliographic reference hit using the words 'nanomedicine' and 'heparin' is as recent as 2008. Since then, nanomedical applications of heparin have experienced an exponential growth that will be discussed in detail, with particular emphasis on its antimalarial activity. Some of the most intriguing potential applications of heparin nanomedicines will be exposed, such as those contemplating the delivery of drugs to the mosquito stages of malaria parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Lantero
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Rosselló 149-153, ES-08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Fernàndez-Busquets
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Rosselló 149-153, ES-08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, ES-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Marine organism sulfated polysaccharides exhibiting significant antimalarial activity and inhibition of red blood cell invasion by Plasmodium. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24368. [PMID: 27071342 PMCID: PMC4829872 DOI: 10.1038/srep24368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimalarial activity of heparin, against which there are no resistances known, has not been therapeutically exploited due to its potent anticoagulating activity. Here, we have explored the antiplasmodial capacity of heparin-like sulfated polysaccharides from the sea cucumbers Ludwigothurea grisea and Isostichopus badionotus, from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis, and from the marine sponge Desmapsamma anchorata. In vitro experiments demonstrated for most compounds significant inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum growth at low-anticoagulant concentrations. This activity was found to operate through inhibition of erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium, likely mediated by a coating of the parasite similar to that observed for heparin. In vivo four-day suppressive tests showed that several of the sulfated polysaccharides improved the survival of Plasmodium yoelii-infected mice. In one animal treated with I. badionotus fucan parasitemia was reduced from 10.4% to undetectable levels, and Western blot analysis revealed the presence of antibodies against P. yoelii antigens in its plasma. The retarded invasion mediated by sulfated polysaccharides, and the ensuing prolonged exposure of Plasmodium to the immune system, can be explored for the design of new therapeutic approaches against malaria where heparin-related polysaccharides of low anticoagulating activity could play a dual role as drugs and as potentiators of immune responses.
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11
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NMR structural determination of unique invertebrate glycosaminoglycans endowed with medical properties. Carbohydr Res 2015; 413:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Pomin VH. A Dilemma in the Glycosaminoglycan-Based Therapy: Synthetic or Naturally Unique Molecules? Med Res Rev 2015; 35:1195-219. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H. Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-913 Brazil
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13
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Santos GRC, Glauser BF, Parreiras LA, Vilanova E, Mourão PAS. Distinct structures of the α-fucose branches in fucosylated chondroitin sulfates do not affect their anticoagulant activity. Glycobiology 2015; 25:1043-52. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Pomin VH. Holothurian fucosylated chondroitin sulfate. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:232-54. [PMID: 24413804 PMCID: PMC3917272 DOI: 10.3390/md12010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FucCS) is a structurally distinct glycosaminoglycan found in sea cucumber species. It has the same backbone composition of alternating 4-linked glucuronic acid and 3-linked N-acetyl galactosamine residues within disaccharide repeating units as regularly found in mammalian chondroitin sulfates. However, FucCS has also sulfated fucosyl branching units 3-O-linked to the acid residues. The sulfation patterns of these branches vary accordingly with holothurian species and account for different biological actions and responses. FucCSs may exhibit anticoagulant, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and pro-angiogenic activities, besides its beneficial effects in hemodialysis, cellular growth modulation, fibrosis and hyperglycemia. Through an historical overview, this document covers most of the science regarding the holothurian FucCS. Both structural and medical properties of this unique GAG, investigated during the last 25 years, are systematically discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, and University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil.
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15
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Mourão PAS. A carbohydrate-based mechanism of species recognition in sea urchin fertilization. Braz J Med Biol Res 2007; 40:5-17. [PMID: 17224991 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2007000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present review, we describe a systematic study of the sulfated polysaccharides from marine invertebrates, which led to the discovery of a carbohydrate-based mechanism of sperm-egg recognition during sea urchin fertilization. We have described unique polymers present in these organisms, especially sulfated fucose-rich compounds found in the egg jelly coat of sea urchins. The polysaccharides have simple, linear structures consisting of repeating units of oligosaccharides. They differ among the various species of sea urchins in specific patterns of sulfation and/or position of the glycosidic linkage within their repeating units. These polysaccharides show species specificity in inducing the acrosome reaction in sea urchin sperm, providing a clear-cut example of a signal transduction event regulated by sulfated polysaccharides. This distinct carbohydrate-mediated mechanism of sperm-egg recognition coexists with the bindin-protein system. Possibly, the genes involved in the biosynthesis of these sulfated fucans did not evolve in concordance with evolutionary distance but underwent a dramatic change near the tip of the Strongylocentrotid tree. Overall, we established a direct causal link between the molecular structure of a sulfated polysaccharide and a cellular physiological event - the induction of the sperm acrosome reaction in sea urchins. Small structural changes modulate an entire system of sperm-egg recognition and species-specific fertilization in sea urchins. We demonstrated that sulfated polysaccharides - in addition to their known function in cell proliferation, development, coagulation, and viral infection - mediate fertilization, and respond to evolutionary mechanisms that lead to species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A S Mourão
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, and Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
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16
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Abstract
Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumber, made up of alternating beta-D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosamine units, like mammalian chondroitin sulfate. But the beta-D-glucuronic acid residues have branches of sulfated fucose, which confer high anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties on this compound. We have now compared the anticoagulant, bleeding and antithrombotic effects of this fucosylated chondroitin sulfate and its carboxyl-reduced derivative. Both compounds have similar anticoagulant action, mostly due to acceleration of thrombin inhibition in the presence of heparin cofactor II. The native glycosaminoglycan shows a correlation among anticoagulant, bleeding and antithrombotic effects. Inhibition of thrombosis in an arterio-venous shunt occurs at low doses, which are almost ineffective in modifying the anticoagulant activity of plasma. In a venous experimental model, on the contrary, antithrombotic activity requires high doses and occurs concomitantly with an increase in the anticoagulant activity of plasma. The action of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate on thrombosis is apparently unrelated to its effect on platelet aggregation. The carboxyl-reduced derivative of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate prevented thrombosis in the arterio-venous shunt, but not in the venous experimental model. This derivative did not increase bleeding, in spite of its potent anticoagulant activity. Therefore, our results reveal a dissociation of the anticoagulant, bleeding and antithrombotic effects of the glycosaminoglycan. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a polysaccharide may be a potent inhibitor of one type of thrombotic episode, but inactive on another. We propose that the different effects of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate and its carboxyl-reduced derivative on venous thrombosis may be related to adherence of the glycosaminoglycan to the vessel wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Zancan
- Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Keuren JFW, Wielders SJH, Willems GM, Morra M, Cahalan L, Cahalan P, Lindhout T. Thrombogenicity of polysaccharide-coated surfaces. Biomaterials 2003; 24:1917-24. [PMID: 12615482 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Heparinization of artificial surfaces has been proven to reduce the intrinsic thrombogenicity of such surfaces. The mechanism by which immobilized heparin reduces thrombogenicity is not completely understood. In the present study heparin-, alginic acid- and chondroitin-6-sulphate-coated surfaces were examined for protein adsorption, platelet adhesion and thrombin generation. The protein-binding capacity from solutions of purified proteins was significantly higher for heparin-coated surfaces when compared with alginic acid- and chondroitin sulphate-coated surfaces. Yet, when the surfaces were exposed to flowing plasma, only the heparinized surface adsorbed significant amounts of antithrombin. None of the surfaces adsorbed fibrinogen under these conditions, and as a result no platelets adhered from flowing whole blood. Our results indicate that protein adsorption and platelet adhesion from anticoagulated blood cannot be used to assess the thrombogenicity of (coated) artificial surfaces. Indeed, the thrombin generation potentials of the different surfaces varied remarkable: while non-coated surface readily produced thrombin, alginic acid- and chondroitin sulphate-coated surfaces showed a marked reduction and virtually no thrombin was generated in flowing whole blood passing by heparinized surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey F W Keuren
- Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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