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Chen T, Jinno Y, Atsuta I, Tsuchiya A, Stocchero M, Bressan E, Ayukawa Y. Current surface modification strategies to improve the binding efficiency of emerging biomaterial polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with bone and soft tissue: A literature review. J Prosthodont Res 2023; 67:337-347. [PMID: 36372438 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_22_00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to review the literature on current surface modification strategies used to improve the binding efficiency of an emerging biological material, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), with bone and soft tissues. STUDY SELECTION This review was based on articles retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases. The main keywords used during the search were "polyetheretherketone (PEEK)," "implant," "surface modification," "biomaterials," "bone," "osseointegration," and "soft tissue." RESULTS The suitability of PEEK surface modification strategies has been critically analyzed and summarized here. Many cell and in vivo experiments in small animals have shown that the use of advanced modification technologies with appropriate surface modification strategies can effectively improve the surface inertness of PEEK, thereby improving its binding efficiency with bone and soft tissues. CONCLUSIONS Surface modifications of PEEK have revealed new possibilities for implant treatment; however, most results are based on in vitro or short-term in vivo evaluations in small animals. To achieve a broad application of PEEK in the field of oral implantology, more in vivo experiments and long-term clinical evaluations are needed to investigate the effects of various surface modifications on the tissue integration ability of PEEK to develop an ideal implant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjie Chen
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yohei Jinno
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ikiru Atsuta
- Division of Advanced Dental Devices and Therapeutics, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Tsuchiya
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Michele Stocchero
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eriberto Bressan
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Yasunori Ayukawa
- Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Abdullatif FA, Al-Askar M. Does Ultraviolet Radiation Exhibit Antimicrobial Effect against Oral Pathogens Attached on Various Dental Implant Surfaces? A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10060093. [PMID: 35735635 PMCID: PMC9221630 DOI: 10.3390/dj10060093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental implant therapy is currently identified as the most effective treatment for edentulous patient. However, peri-implant inflammations were found to be one of the most common complications that leads to the loss and failure of dental implantation. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been proposed to enhance bone integration and reduce bacterial attachment. In this study, we aimed to systematically review the current evidence regarding the antimicrobial effect of UV on different dental implant surfaces. Methods: Five databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, VHL, and Cochran Library were searched to retrieve relevant articles. All original reports that examined the effect of the application of UV radiation on dental implants were included in our study. Results: A total of 16 in vitro studies were included in this systematic review. Polymethyl methacrylate UV radiation has induced a significant decrease in bacterial survival in PMMA materials, with an increased effect by modification with 2.5% and 5% TiO2 nanotubes. UV-C showed a superior effect to UV-A in reducing bacterial attachment and accumulation. UV wavelength of 265 and 285 nm showed powerful bactericidal effects. UV of 365 nm for 24 h had the highest inhibition of bacterial growth in ZnO coated magnesium alloys. In UV-irradiated commercially pure titanium surfaces treated with plasma electrolytic oxidation, silver ion application, heat or alkali had shown significant higher bactericidal effect vs non-irradiated treated surfaces than the treatment with any of them alone. UVC and gamma-ray irradiation increased the hydrophilicity of zirconia surface, compared to the dry heat. Conclusion: UV radiation on Ti surfaces exhibited significant antibacterial effects demonstrated through the reduction in bacterial attachment and biofilm formation with suppression of bacterial cells growth. Combination of UV and treated surfaces with alkali, plasma electrolytic oxidation, silver ion application or heat enhance the overall photocatalytic antimicrobial effect.
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Chauhan P, Koul V, Bhatnagar N. Critical Role of Etching Parameters in the Evolution of Nano Micro SLA Surface on the Ti6Al4V Alloy Dental Implants. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216344. [PMID: 34771869 PMCID: PMC8585160 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The surface of dental implants plays a vital role in early and more predictable osseointegration. SLA (sandblasted large grit and acid-etched) represents the most widely accepted, long-term clinically proven surface. Primarily, dental implants are manufactured by either commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) or Ti6Al4V ELI alloy. The acid etch behavior of CP-Ti is well known and its effects on the surface microstructure and physicochemical properties have been studied by various researchers in the past. However, there is a lack of studies showing the effect of acid etching parameters on the Ti6Al4V alloy surface. The requirement of the narrow diameter implants necessitates implant manufacturing from alloys due to their high mechanical properties. Hence, it is necessary to have an insight on the behavior of acid etching of the alloy surface as it might be different due to changed compositions and microstructure, which can further influence the osseointegration process. The present research was carried out to study the effect of acid etching parameters on Ti6Al4V ELI alloy surface properties and the optimization of process parameters to produce micro- and nanotopography on the dental implant surface. This study shows that the Ti6Al4V ELI alloy depicts an entirely different surface topography compared to CP-Ti. Moreover, the surface topography of the Ti6Al4V ELI alloy was also different when etching was done at room temperature compared to high temperature, which in turn affected the behavior of the cell on these surfaces. Both microns and nano-level topography were achieved through the optimized parameters of acid etching on Ti6Al4V ELI alloy dental implant surface along with improved roughness, hydrophilicity, and enhanced cytocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Chauhan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India;
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Veena Koul
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Naresh Bhatnagar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India;
- Correspondence:
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Decontamination of Ti Oxide Surfaces by Using Ultraviolet Light: Hg-Vapor vs. LED-Based Irradiation. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110724. [PMID: 33105704 PMCID: PMC7690427 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C-range Ultraviolet (UVC) mercury (Hg)-vapor lamps have shown the successful decontamination of hydrocarbons and antimicrobial effects from titanium surfaces. This study focused on surface chemistry modifications of titanium dental implants by using two different light sources, Hg-vapor lamps and Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), so as to compare the effectivity of both photofunctionalization technologies. Two different devices, a small Hg-vapor lamp (λ = 254 nm) and a pair of closely placed LEDs (λ = 278 nm), were used to irradiate the implants for 12 min. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to characterize the chemical composition of the surfaces, analysing the samples before and after the lighting treatment, performing a wide and narrow scan around the energy peaks of carbon, oxygen and titanium. XPS analysis showed a reduction in the concentration of surface hydrocarbons in both UVC technologies from around 26 to 23.4 C at.% (carbon atomic concentration). Besides, simultaneously, an increase in concentration of oxygen and titanium was observed. LED-based UVC photofunctionalization has been suggested to be as effective a method as Hg-vapor lamps to remove the hydrocarbons from the surface of titanium dental implants. Therefore, due to the increase in worldwide mercury limitations, LED-based technology could be a good alternative decontamination source.
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Komasa S, Takao S, Yang Y, Zeng Y, Li M, Yan S, Zhang H, Komasa C, Kobayashi Y, Nishizaki H, Nishida H, Kusumoto T, Okazaki J. Effects of UV Treatment on Ceria-Stabilized Zirconia/Alumina Nanocomposite (NANOZR). MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13122772. [PMID: 32570895 PMCID: PMC7345710 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (NANOZR) has been explored as a suitable material for fabricating implants for patients with metal allergy. In this study, we examined the effect of UV treatment on the NANOZR surface. The experimental group was UV-treated NANOZR and the control group was untreated NANOZR. Observation of the surface of the UV-treated materials revealed no mechanical or structural change; however, the carbon content on the material surface was reduced, and the material surface displayed superhydrophilicity. Further, the effects of the UV-induced superhydrophilic properties of NANOZR plates on the adhesion behavior of various cells were investigated. Treatment of the NANOZR surface was found to facilitate protein adsorption onto it. An in vitro evaluation using rat bone marrow cells, human vascular endothelial cells, and rat periodontal ligament cells revealed high levels of adhesion in the experimental group. In addition, it was clarified that the NANOZR surface forms active oxygen and suppresses the generation of oxidative stress. Overall, the study results suggested that UV-treated NANOZR is useful as a new ceramic implant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Komasa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (S.K.); (S.T.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (S.Y.); (H.Z.); (C.K.)
| | - Seiji Takao
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (S.K.); (S.T.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (S.Y.); (H.Z.); (C.K.)
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (S.K.); (S.T.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (S.Y.); (H.Z.); (C.K.)
| | - Yuhao Zeng
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (S.K.); (S.T.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (S.Y.); (H.Z.); (C.K.)
| | - Min Li
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (S.K.); (S.T.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (S.Y.); (H.Z.); (C.K.)
| | - Sifan Yan
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (S.K.); (S.T.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (S.Y.); (H.Z.); (C.K.)
| | - Honghao Zhang
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (S.K.); (S.T.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (S.Y.); (H.Z.); (C.K.)
| | - Chisato Komasa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (S.K.); (S.T.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (S.Y.); (H.Z.); (C.K.)
| | - Yasuyuki Kobayashi
- Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Morinomiya Center, 1-6-50, Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka 536-8553, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Nishizaki
- Department of Japan, Faculty of Health Sciences, Osaka Dental University, 1-4-4, Makino-honmachi, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (H.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Hisataka Nishida
- Department of Advanced Hard Materials, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan;
| | - Tetsuji Kusumoto
- Department of Japan, Faculty of Health Sciences, Osaka Dental University, 1-4-4, Makino-honmachi, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (H.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Joji Okazaki
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan; (S.K.); (S.T.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (M.L.); (S.Y.); (H.Z.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-864-3084; Fax: +81-72-864-3184
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Nicolas-Silvente AI, Velasco-Ortega E, Ortiz-Garcia I, Monsalve-Guil L, Gil J, Jimenez-Guerra A. Influence of the Titanium Implant Surface Treatment on the Surface Roughness and Chemical Composition. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13020314. [PMID: 31936686 PMCID: PMC7014346 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The implant surface features affect the osseointegration process. Different surface treatment methods have been applied to improve the surface topography and properties. Trace of different elements may appear on the implant surface, which can modify surface properties and may affect the body’s response. The aim was to evaluate the roughness based on the surface treatment received and the amount and type of trace elements found. Ninety implants (nine different surface treatment) were evaluated. Roughness parameters were measured using white-light-interferometry (WLI). The arithmetical mean for Ra, Rq, Rt, and Rz of each implant system was calculated, and Fisher’s exact test was applied, obtaining Ra values between 0.79 and 2.89 µm. Surface chemical composition was evaluated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) at two times: as received by the manufacturer (AR) and after sputter-cleaning (SC). Traces of several elements were found in all groups, decreasing in favor of the Ti concentration after the sputter-cleaning. Within the limitations of this study, we can conclude that the surface treatment influences the roughness and the average percentage of the trace elements on the implant surface. The cleaning process at the implant surface should be improved by the manufacturer before assembling the implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Nicolas-Silvente
- Associate Professor of Restorative Dentistry, Professor of Master in Mucogingival, Periodontal and Implant Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Eugenio Velasco-Ortega
- Professor of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults, Director of Master in Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivan Ortiz-Garcia
- Associate Professor of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults, Professor of Master in Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (I.O.-G.); (L.M.-G.); (A.J.-G.)
| | - Loreto Monsalve-Guil
- Associate Professor of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults, Professor of Master in Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (I.O.-G.); (L.M.-G.); (A.J.-G.)
| | - Javier Gil
- Chairman of Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08017 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Alvaro Jimenez-Guerra
- Associate Professor of Comprehensive Dentistry for Adults, Professor of Master in Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (I.O.-G.); (L.M.-G.); (A.J.-G.)
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