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Valder S, Habersatter E, Kostov T, Quenzer S, Herzig L, von Bernuth J, Matits L, Herdegen V, Diel P, Isenmann E. The Influence of a Polyphenol-Rich Red Berry Fruit Juice on Recovery Process and Leg Strength Capacity after Six Days of Intensive Endurance Exercise in Recreational Endurance Athletes. Nutrients 2024; 16:1428. [PMID: 38794667 PMCID: PMC11124493 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various nutritional strategies are increasingly used in sports to reduce oxidative stress and promote recovery. Chokeberry is rich in polyphenols and can reduce oxidative stress. Consequently, chokeberry juices and mixed juices with chokeberry content are increasingly used in sports. However, the data are very limited. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of the short-term supplementation of a red fruit juice drink with chokeberry content or a placebo on muscle damage, oxidative status, and leg strength during a six-day intense endurance protocol. METHODS Eighteen recreational endurance athletes participated in a cross-over high intensity interval training (HIIT) design, receiving either juice or a placebo. Baseline and post-exercise assessments included blood samples, anthropometric data, and leg strength measurements. RESULTS A significant increase was measured in muscle damage following the endurance protocol in all participants (∆ CK juice: 117.12 ± 191.75 U/L, ∆ CK placebo: 164.35 ± 267.00 U/L; p = 0.001, η2 = 0.17). No group effects were detected in exercise-induced muscle damage (p = 0.371, η2 = 0.010) and oxidative status (p = 0.632, η2 = 0.000). The reduction in strength was stronger in the placebo group, but group effects are missing statistical significance (∆ e1RM juice: 1.34 ± 9.26 kg, ∆ e1RM placebo: -3.33 ± 11.49 kg; p = 0.988, η2 = 0.000). CONCLUSION Although a reduction in strength can be interpreted for the placebo treatment, no statistically significant influence of chokeberry could be determined. It appears that potential effects may only occur with prolonged application and a higher content of polyphenols, but further research is needed to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Valder
- Department of Preventive and Rehabilitative Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Habersatter
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tihomir Kostov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sina Quenzer
- Eckes-Granini Group GmbH, 55268 Nieder-Olm, Germany
- Department of Beverage Research, Chair Analysis and Technology of Plant-Based Foods, Geisenheim University, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Lukas Herzig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jakob von Bernuth
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lynn Matits
- Clinical & Biological Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Diel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Eduard Isenmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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Ahotupa M. Lipid Oxidation Products and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: Role of Lipoprotein Transport. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:512. [PMID: 38790617 PMCID: PMC11117553 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol has for decades ruled the history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and the present view of the etiology of the disease is based on the transport of cholesterol by plasma lipoproteins. The new knowledge of the lipoprotein-specific transport of lipid oxidation products (LOPs) has introduced another direction to the research of CVD, revealing strong associations between lipoprotein transport functions, atherogenic LOP, and CVD. The aim of this review is to present the evidence of the lipoprotein-specific transport of LOP and to evaluate the potential consequences of the proposed role of the LOP transport as a risk factor. The associations of cholesterol and lipoprotein LOP with the known risk factors of CVD are mostly parallel, and because of the common transport and cellular intake mechanisms it is difficult to ascertain the independent effects of either cholesterol or LOP. While cholesterol is known to have important physiological functions, LOPs are merely regarded as metabolic residues and able to initiate and boost atherogenic processes. It is therefore likely that with the increased knowledge of the lipoprotein-specific transport of LOP, the role of cholesterol as a risk factor of CVD will be challenged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Ahotupa
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Streb AR, Braga PGS, de Melo RF, Botelho LJ, Maranhão RC, Del Duca GF. Effects of combined physical exercise on plasma lipid variables, paraoxonase 1 activity, and inflammation parameters in adults with obesity: a randomized clinical trial. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:1991-1997. [PMID: 35713846 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether combined physical exercise may affect plasma lipid variables, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, and inflammation parameters in adults with obesity. METHODS Thirty-six participants were recruited to complete the study protocol. The mean age was 37 ± 1 years, and the baseline body mass index was 33.0 ± 0.4 kg/m2. Participants were allocated to the control group (CG) and the exercise group (EG). The EG performed three weekly sessions of combined physical exercise for 16 weeks. Plasma lipid variables, PON1 activity, and inflammatory profile were determined before and after intervention. RESULTS Total cholesterol levels decreased in both groups, without intergroup difference (time p = 0.001). Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels decreased in both groups (time p = 0.001); however, they were lower in the EG than in the CG (p = 0.038). The EG had increased HDL-C levels, but the CG had decreased HDL-C levels (time*group p = 0.011). PON1 activity was reduced in both groups (time, p = 0.001). The Castelli risk Index I and II reduced in the EG and increased in the CG (time*group, p = 0.008 and p = 0.011, respectively). The inflammatory markers were not modified. CONCLUSION Adults with obesity may benefit from regular practice of combined physical exercise training in many metabolic aspects that are related to protection against the development of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Streb
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Exercício Físico e Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis, Centro de Desportos-CDS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - P G S Braga
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Lípides, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - R F de Melo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde-CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - L J Botelho
- Departamento de Saúde Pública, Centro de Ciências da Saúde-CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - R C Maranhão
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Lípides, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - G F Del Duca
- Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Exercício Físico e Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis, Centro de Desportos-CDS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
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4
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Taylor JK, Carpio-Rivera E, Chacón-Araya Y, Grandjean PW, Moncada-Jiménez J. The Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Paraoxonase-1 (PON1): A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:130-143. [PMID: 32940564 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1812493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the acute and chronic effects of exercise on Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) concentration and activity. Methods: A literature search was performed using 16 electronic databases. Effect sizes (ES) were computed and two-tailed α values < .05 and non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were considered statistically significant. Heterogeneity, inconsistency (I2), and small-study effects using the LFK index were examined. Results: Eighteen studies (n = 377 participants) met the criteria for inclusion. The acute effects of exercise on PON1 concentration were trivial and non-significant (ES = -.03, 95%CI = -.39 to .34, p > .05), heterogeneous (p = .05), moderately inconsistent (I2 = 48%), with minor asymmetry (LFK index = 1.34). The chronic effects of exercise on PON1 concentration were also trivial and non-significant (ES = -.04, 95%CI = -.53 to.45, p > .05), homogenous (p = .65), displayed low inconsistency (I2 = 0%), and minor asymmetry (LFK index = -1.14). The acute effects of exercise on PON1 activity were trivial and non-significant (ES = .11, 95%CI = -.02 to.24, p > .05), homogenous (p = .85), showed low inconsistency (I2 = 0%), and no asymmetry (LFK index = .82). The chronic effects of exercise on PON1 activity were trivial and non-significant (ES = .31, 95%CI = -.03 to.65, p > .05), homogenous (p = .17), moderately inconsistent (I2 = 36%), with no asymmetry (LFK index = .60). Conclusion: Acute and chronic exercise training, overall, exerted a trivial effect on PON1 concentration and activity.
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Benefits on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of a High-Intensity Interval Training Program for a Half-Marathon in Recreational Middle-Aged Women Runners. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19010498. [PMID: 35010758 PMCID: PMC8744745 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: half-marathon races are popular among recreational runners, with increases in participation among middle-aged and women. We aimed to determine the effects of two half-marathon training programs on hematological and biochemical markers in middle-aged female recreational runners; (2) Methods: ten women (40 ± 7 years) followed moderate intensity continuous training (MICT), based on running volume below 80% V˙O2max, and another ten women followed high intensity interval training (HIIT) at 80%–100% V˙O2max, with less volume, and combined with eccentric loading exercise. Hematology, plasma osmolality, and plasma markers of metabolic status, muscle damage, inflammatory, and oxidative stress were measured before (S1) and after (S2) training and 24 h after the half-marathon (S3); (3) Results: both training programs had similar moderate effects at S2. However, the acute response at S3 induced different alterations. There was a greater decrease in cholesterol and triglyceride levels in MICT and reductions in markers of damage and inflammation in HIIT. Greater variability in some plasma markers at S3 in MICT suggests that there is inter-individual variability in the response to training; (4) Conclusions: HIIT led to better adaptation to the competition maybe because of the repeated exposure to higher oxygen consumption and eccentric loading exercise.
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Hartley A, Shun-Shin M, Caga-Anan M, Rajkumar C, Nowbar AN, Foley M, Francis DP, Haskard DO, Khamis RY, Al-Lamee RK. The Placebo-Controlled Effect of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Exercise Induced Changes in Anti-Malondialdehyde-LDL Antibody Levels in Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Substudy of the ORBITA Trial. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:757030. [PMID: 34708098 PMCID: PMC8542769 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.757030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) forms a significant component of oxidised LDL. The effects of exercise on levels of MDA-LDL and anti-MDA-LDL antibodies are not well-understood. Furthermore, it is not known whether these can be modified in patients with coronary artery disease by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: The Objective Randomised Blinded Investigation with optimal medical Therapy of Angioplasty in stable angina (ORBITA) trial was the first blinded, multi-centre randomised trial of PCI vs. placebo procedure for angina relief. Serum samples were available at four time-points: pre-randomisation pre- (P1) and post- (P2) exercise and post-randomisation (6-weeks following the PCI or placebo procedure), pre- (P3) and post- (P4) exercise. ELISAs were performed using laboratory-developed assays for MDA-LDL (adjusted for Apolipoprotein B) and anti-MDA-LDL antibodies. Results: One hundred ninety-six of the 200 patients (age 66.1 [SD 8.99] years, 28% female) with severe single vessel coronary artery disease suitable for PCI enrolled in the ORBITA trial had blood available for analysis. With exercise at pre-randomisation (P2-P1) there was no significant change in adjusted MDA-LDL (-0.001, 95% CI -0.004 to 0.001; p = 0.287); however, IgG and IgM anti-MDA-LDL significantly declined (-0.022, 95% CI -0.029 to -0.014, p < 0.0001; -0.016, 95% CI -0.024 to -0.008, p = 0.0002, respectively). PCI did not have a significant impact on either the pre-exercise values (P3 controlling for P1) of MDA-LDL (p = 0.102), IgG (p = 0.444) or IgM anti-MDA-LDL (p = 0.909). Nor did PCI impact the exercise induced changes in these markers (P4 controlling for P1, P2, and P3) for MDA-LDL (p = 0.605), IgG (p = 0.725) or IgM anti-MDA-LDL (p = 0.171). Pre-randomisation ischaemia on stress echo did not impact these interactions. Conclusions: Exercise results in an acute reduction in anti-oxLDL antibodies in patients with severe single vessel coronary disease, possibly indicating an induction in homoeostatic clearance via the innate immune system. However, PCI did not ameliorate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hartley
- Department of Vascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Shun-Shin
- Department of Cardiovascular Trials and Epidemiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mikhail Caga-Anan
- Department of Vascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Rajkumar
- Department of Cardiovascular Trials and Epidemiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra N Nowbar
- Department of Cardiovascular Trials and Epidemiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Foley
- Department of Cardiovascular Trials and Epidemiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darrel P Francis
- Department of Cardiovascular Trials and Epidemiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dorian O Haskard
- Department of Vascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ramzi Y Khamis
- Department of Vascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rasha K Al-Lamee
- Department of Cardiovascular Trials and Epidemiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Souissi W, Bouzid MA, Farjallah MA, Ben Mahmoud L, Boudaya M, Engel FA, Sahnoun Z. Effect of Different Running Exercise Modalities on Post-Exercise Oxidative Stress Markers in Trained Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3729. [PMID: 32466187 PMCID: PMC7277356 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of running exercise modality on oxidative stress. Thirteen endurance athletes (age: 21.46 ± 0.66 years) performed three different running exercise modalities (Continuous running exercise (CR): continuous running exercise at 75% of VO2max for 25 min; intermittent running exercise #1 (15/15): intermittent running protocol, 15 s running at 75% of VO2max, 15 s passive recovery, performed for 50 min; intermittent running exercise #2 (30/30): intermittent running protocol, 30 s running at 75% of VO2max, 30 s passive recovery, performed for 50 min) in a randomized order. Blood samples were drawn at rest and immediately after each running exercise and assessed for malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities. MDA increased by 55% following 30/30 exercise (p < 0.01), while it remained unchanged with CR and15/15 exercise. SOD increased after CR (+13.9%, p < 0.05), and also remained unchanged after 15/15 (p > 0.05) and decreased after 30/30 (-19.7% p < 0.05). GPX and AOPP did not change after exercise in all experimental sessions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, 30/30 intermittent running induced higher lipid damages than the 15/15 and CR exercise. 15/15 intermittent exercise promoted a better balance between free radicals production and antioxidant defense compared to continuous exercise and intermittent 30/30 exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajdi Souissi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (W.S.); (M.A.B.); (M.A.F.)
- Research Center on Sport and Movement (Centre de Recherchessur le Sport et le Mouvement, CeRSM), UPL, Université Paris Nanterre, UFR STAPS, F-92000 Nanterre, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Bouzid
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (W.S.); (M.A.B.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Mohamed Amine Farjallah
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (W.S.); (M.A.B.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Lobna Ben Mahmoud
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (L.B.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Mariem Boudaya
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU HediChaker, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Florian A. Engel
- Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Sport Science, Bundeswehr University Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Zouheir Sahnoun
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (L.B.M.); (Z.S.)
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da Silva JL, Maranhão RC, Silva MSM, Dias RG, Freitas FR, Bolani W, Lemos Junior JR, Alves CR, Oliveira PA, Alves GB, Oliveira EM, Negrao CE, Krieger JE, Pereira AC, Silva GA, Souza JP, Vinagre CGC. Aerobic Training in Young Men Increases the Transfer of Cholesterol to High Density Lipoprotein In Vitro: Impact of High Density Lipoprotein Size. Lipids 2019; 54:381-388. [PMID: 31141200 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training not only improves the plasma lipid profile but also reduces risk of developing coronary heart disease. We investigate whether plasma lipids and high density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism are affected by aerobic training and whether the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels at baseline influence exercise-induced changes in HDL. Seventy-one male sedentary volunteers were evaluated and allocated in two subgroups, according to the HLD-C levels (< or >40 mg/dL). Participants underwent an 18-week aerobic training period. Blood was sampled before and after training for biochemical analysis. Plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, HDL diameter, and VO2 peak were determined. Lipid transfers to HDL were determined in vitro by incubating plasma samples with a donor lipid artificial nanoemulsion. After the 18-week period of aerobic training, the VO2 peak increased, while the mean body mass index (BMI) decreased. HDL-C concentration was higher after the training period, but low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-HDL-C did not change. The transfer of esterified cholesterol and phospholipids was greater after exercise training, but the triacylglycerol and unesterified cholesterol transfers were unchanged. The HDL particle diameter increased after aerobic training in all participants. When the participants were separated in low-HDL and normal-HDL groups, the postaerobic exercise increment in HDL-C was higher in the low-HDL group, while the transfer of esterified cholesterol was lower. In conclusion, aerobic exercise training increases the lipid transfers to HDL, as measured by an in vitro method, which possibly contributes to the classical elevation of the HDL-C associated with training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson L da Silva
- Laboratoriode Metabolismo e Lipides, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av Dr Eneas de CarvalhoAguiar 44, São, Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Raul C Maranhão
- Laboratoriode Metabolismo e Lipides, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av Dr Eneas de CarvalhoAguiar 44, São, Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.,Faculdadede Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Professor LineuPrestes 580, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Michelle S M Silva
- Laboratoriode Genetica e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidadede Sao Paulo, Av Dr Eneasde Carvalho Aguiar, 44, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G Dias
- Laboratoriode Genetica e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidadede Sao Paulo, Av Dr Eneasde Carvalho Aguiar, 44, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Fatima R Freitas
- Laboratoriode Metabolismo e Lipides, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av Dr Eneas de CarvalhoAguiar 44, São, Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Wladimir Bolani
- Laboratoriode Genetica e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidadede Sao Paulo, Av Dr Eneasde Carvalho Aguiar, 44, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - José R Lemos Junior
- Laboratoriode Genetica e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidadede Sao Paulo, Av Dr Eneasde Carvalho Aguiar, 44, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.,Centro Escola de Educacao Fisica da Policia Militar do Estado de Sao Paulo, Av.Cruzeiro do Sul 548, São Paulo, SP, 01109-100, Brazil
| | - Cleber R Alves
- Departamento de Biodinamica do Movimento do Corpo Humano, Escola de Educacao Fisica eEsporte, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes 65, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A Oliveira
- Unidadede Reabilitacao Cardiovascular e Fisiologia do Exercicio, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme B Alves
- Unidadede Reabilitacao Cardiovascular e Fisiologia do Exercicio, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Edilamar M Oliveira
- Departamento de Biodinamica do Movimento do Corpo Humano, Escola de Educacao Fisica eEsporte, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes 65, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Negrao
- Departamento de Biodinamica do Movimento do Corpo Humano, Escola de Educacao Fisica eEsporte, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes 65, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil.,Unidadede Reabilitacao Cardiovascular e Fisiologia do Exercicio, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 44, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Krieger
- Laboratoriode Genetica e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidadede Sao Paulo, Av Dr Eneasde Carvalho Aguiar, 44, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Pereira
- Laboratoriode Genetica e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidadede Sao Paulo, Av Dr Eneasde Carvalho Aguiar, 44, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Gisele A Silva
- Laboratoriode Metabolismo e Lipides, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av Dr Eneas de CarvalhoAguiar 44, São, Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - José P Souza
- Universidadede Santo Amaro, Rua Isabel, Schmidt 349,São Paulo, SP, 04743-030, Brazil
| | - Carmen G C Vinagre
- Laboratoriode Metabolismo e Lipides, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av Dr Eneas de CarvalhoAguiar 44, São, Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.,Universidadede Santo Amaro, Rua Isabel, Schmidt 349,São Paulo, SP, 04743-030, Brazil
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9
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Kocahan S, Dundar A. Effects of different exercise loads on the thyroid hormone levels and serum lipid profile in swimmers. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 38:hmbci-2018-0025. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different exercise loads (short, medium and long swimming distances) on the thyroid hormone (THs) levels and serum lipid profiles of male professional swimmers.
Materials and methods
The participants in this study were 20 healthy male professional swimmers aged 18–22 years, who all competed at an elite level. The THs levels [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)] and serum lipid profile were also obtained.
Results
It was determined that the TSH and T4 values increased after exercise (p < 0.05). When compared to the pretest values, the increase in the TSH and T4 values following the L400 tests was statistically significant (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05). It was also determined that the changes in the cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and total glucose (TG) values were significant after exercise (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) values (p = 0.07). According to the results, the cholesterol counts for the M200 and L400 groups were lower than the pretest counts (p < 0.001). When compared to the pretest values, the decrease in the HDL counts for the M200 and L400 groups was higher than the pretest HDL counts (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Further, the triglycerides counts for the M200 and L400 groups were higher than the pretest counts (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Different exercise loads can have a positive impact on the physical health of swimmers via their lipid profiles and THs. Additionally, swimming exercise could be considered an efficient protective strategy against metabolic disorders, as it serves to balance the serum lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayad Kocahan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Adiyaman , Adiyaman , Turkey
- International Scientific Center , Baku State University , Baku , Azerbaijan
| | - Aykut Dundar
- High School of Physical Education and Sports , University of Adiyaman , Adiyaman , Turkey
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Ahotupa
- MCA Research Laboratory, Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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