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Osses-Rivera A, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Jannas-Vela S, F. Vigh-Larsen J, Monsalves-Álvarez M. Effects of strength training on repeated sprint ability in team sports players: a systematic review. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17756. [PMID: 39131612 PMCID: PMC11313415 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This systematic review was conducted to analyze the existing evidence on the effects of strength training (ST) and complex/contrast training (CCT) on repeated sprint ability (RSA) in team sports players. Methods A systematic review of the literature was performed following the PRISMA statement. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were used. Original full-text articles were analyzed, without date restriction until May 26, 2024, written in English, peer-reviewed, and for eligibility must have included (1) male or female team sports players, amateur or professional category, without age restriction (2) lower extremity ST and/or CCT program (3) active control group (4) running RSA test (e.g., repeated shuttle sprint ability test or straight-line repeated sprint ability test) before and after the intervention period (5) controlled trial. Results A total of 3,376 studies were identified and screened. Finally, 10 articles were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, all with moderate methodological quality according to the PEDro scale. The best time, mean time, and total time presented significant pre and post-test changes, using ST in 3, 2, and 1 experimental groups, respectively, and using CCT in 1, 1, and 1 experimental groups, respectively, with almost no differences in the percentage decrement most commonly reported in RSA tests. There were no changes in the control groups. Conclusion Together, ST performed in a range of maximal power provides benefits in the best time and mean time and performed between 80 to 95% of 1 repetition maximum (RM) provides benefits in the best time, mean time, and total time in RSA tests. CCT performed between 75 to 90% of 1 RM combined with jumps and sprints provides benefits in the best time, mean time, and total time in RSA test, but no unaltered percentage decrement in ST and CCT in elite and semi-professional team sport players.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeppe F. Vigh-Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Matías Monsalves-Álvarez
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Morenas-Aguilar MD, Rodriguez-Perea A, Chirosa-Rios LJ, Jerez-Mayorga D, Vila H, Avalos Solitario AB, Soto-García D. Reliability of a handball specific strength test battery and the association with sprint and throwing performance in young handball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:355-362. [PMID: 38126973 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A greater motivation for coaches to be more involved in assessment could be the development of specific strength tests closer to specific handball tasks. Therefore, the aims were to determine the reliability of a handball specific strength test battery in young handball players using a functional electromechanical dynamometer (FEMD) and to evaluate the association between the strength test battery and performance measurements. METHODS Thirty-two young handball players (25% males and 75% females) performed a repeated-measurement design over four weeks. The players conducted one session per week, with each measurement consisting of two isometric tests to obtain isometric peak force, and four incremental tests. Moreover, performance handball tests (sprint and throwing velocity [TV]) were recorded. RESULTS The reliability of the whole handball specific strength tests was very high for the peak and mean strength (ICC=0.70-0.85; CV=8.49-13.99; SEM=0.44-0.67 kg). The step forward had a moderate association with 5 to 10 meters' time. The highest correlation between TVmean was found with the peak strength of standing lift and between TVpeak with peak strength of unilateral throw. The sprint total time could be explained by Body Mass Index and peak strength of the standing lift in the 40% and the TVpeak could be explained by arm span and mean strength of the standing lift in the 68%. CONCLUSIONS The high reliability for all exercises and the significant correlation with handball performance (sprint time and TV) allow us to include these tests in handball team evaluation and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- María D Morenas-Aguilar
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CTS-642 Research Group, Department Physical Education and Sports, Laboratory of Strength and Conditioning, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Angela Rodriguez-Perea
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain -
- CTS-642 Research Group, Department Physical Education and Sports, Laboratory of Strength and Conditioning, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis J Chirosa-Rios
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CTS-642 Research Group, Department Physical Education and Sports, Laboratory of Strength and Conditioning, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Jerez-Mayorga
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CTS-642 Research Group, Department Physical Education and Sports, Laboratory of Strength and Conditioning, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- School of Physical Therapy, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Helena Vila
- Healthy Fit Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Sergas-UVIGO, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Diego Soto-García
- AMRED Research Group, Department of Physical and Sport Education, University of León, León, Spain
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Tsoukos A, Bogdanis GC. Physiological Responses and Fatigue during a Repeated Shuttle-Sprint Running Test in Adolescent Schoolchildren: A Comparison between Sexes and Fatigue Calculation Methods. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1041. [PMID: 37371272 DOI: 10.3390/children10061041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
We examined physiological responses and fatigue in adolescent boys and girls during a repeated shuttle-sprint running test in a school setting. We also compared three calculation methods to assess fatigue during repeated sprints: the fatigue index (FI), the percent sprint decrement (Sdec), and the slope of performance decrement (SlopeD). Twenty-six adolescent students (10 girls and 16 boys, age: 15.3 ± 0.5 y) performed six 30 m sprints with a 180° change of direction at 15 m, interspersed with 10 s of recovery. Blood lactate (BL), heart rate (HR) and countermovement jump performance (CMJ) were measured before and after the sprint test. Boys achieved significantly faster sprint times (11.7% to 14.8% faster than girls in all sprints, p < 0.01), and had higher post-test BL compared with girls (14.0 ± 2.9 vs. 11.3 ± 3.2 mmol/L; p = 0.02; d = 0.93). However, all fatigue indices (FI, Sdec and SlopeD) were similar in boys and girls (FI = 11.5 ± 5.0 vs. 11.5 ± 5.0; SlopeD = 10.6 ± 4.8 vs. 14.5 ± 5.1; Sdec = 5.6 ± 2.2 vs. 7.3 ± 2.2, in boys and girls, respectively, p > 0.05 for all) and were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.86 to 0.97, p < 0.01). CMJ was higher in boys (p < 0.05), but CMJ performance dropped similarly from pre- to post-test in boys and girls (13.7 ± 7.0%, p < 0.01). In conclusion, neuromuscular fatigue during and after repeated shuttle-sprint running is similar in boys and girls, despite the faster sprint times, higher CMJ and higher BL in boys. SlopeD may be used as an alternative index to quantify fatigue during repeated shuttle-sprinting, as it takes into account performance in all sprints and may provide an average sprint-by-sprint performance drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Tsoukos
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece
| | - Gregory C Bogdanis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece
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Machado EDM, Haik MN, Ferreira JK, da Silva Santos JF, Camargo PR, Mendonça LDM. Association of trunk and lower limb factors with shoulder complaints and sport performance in overhead athletes: A systematic review including GRADE recommendations and meta-analysis. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 60:112-131. [PMID: 36791672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the association of trunk and lower limb factors with shoulder complaints and sport performance in overhead athletes. METHODS Search performed at PubMed/Medline, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS, Cochrane, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus for observational studies. Methodological quality and strength of the evidence was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and GRADE. Meta-analysis and effects sizes analysis were calculated when possible. RESULTS Sixty-five studies were included. Low to very-low evidence suggests no association of trunk/lower limb strength, endurance, power, jump or balance with shoulder complaints and/or throwing performance. Athletes with shoulder complaints performed worse in trunk stability and endurance tests (mean difference: -6.83 (95%CI: -8.78, -4.88)). Athletes with high throwing performance presented better results in CMJ, horizontal jump, power measures and knee extension strength. For swimmers, there was no association of trunk/lower limb endurance with shoulder complaints (moderate evidence) and no association of balance and swimming performance (low evidence). Better trunk/lower limb strength, power and vertical jumps measures were associated with better swimming performance. CONCLUSIONS In methodologically similar studies, some trunk/lower limb outcomes are associated with shoulder complaint or sport/swimming performance. Results should be considered with caution and future studies should use better methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane de Morais Machado
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Therapy (PPGFt), Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (UFSCar), Sao Carlos, Brazil; Laboratory of Analysis and Intervention of the Shoulder Complex, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Melina Nevoeiro Haik
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Therapy (PPGFt), Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (UFSCar), Sao Carlos, Brazil; Laboratory of Analysis and Intervention of the Shoulder Complex, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Julia Kortstee Ferreira
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Therapy (PPGFt), Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (UFSCar), Sao Carlos, Brazil; Laboratory of Analysis and Intervention of the Shoulder Complex, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Jonatas Ferreira da Silva Santos
- Physical Training and Sport Performance Research Group, Department of Physical Education, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e do Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula Rezende Camargo
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Therapy (PPGFt), Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (UFSCar), Sao Carlos, Brazil; Laboratory of Analysis and Intervention of the Shoulder Complex, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Luciana De Michelis Mendonça
- Post-Graduate Program in Physical Therapy (PPGFt), Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (UFSCar), Sao Carlos, Brazil; Physical Therapy Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Lino-Samaniego Á, de la Rubia A, Sillero-Quintana M. Acute effect of auxotonic and isometric contraction evaluated by infrared thermography in handball players. J Therm Biol 2022; 109:103318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Buhmann R, Stuelcken M, Sayers M. Alternatives to common approaches for training change of direction performance: a scoping review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:151. [PMID: 35922872 PMCID: PMC9347107 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research focuses heavily upon the effect of strength and power training on change of direction performance. The objective of this scoping review is to highlight alternative approaches to training change of direction. METHODS Four databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus) were searched with no date restrictions. To be included studies must (i) investigate change of direction performance following an intervention or investigate the relationships between variables of interest and change of direction performance; (ii) recruit participants > 18 years old; (iii) recruit participants involved in competitive sport. The majority of included studies investigated the effect of strength and/or power training, or, relationships between strength and/or power variables with change of direction performance. RESULTS Despite fewer studies, alternative training methods resulted in greater improvements (compared with strength and/or power) in change of direction performance, with smaller training durations. Few studies included reactive agility as an outcome measure. CONCLUSION Despite much of the literature focusing on strength and/or power, there are alternative training modalities that demonstrate merit for improving change of direction performance. Future studies should investigate the effect of alternative training interventions on reactive agility performance, to provide a more valid indication of transfer to competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Buhmann
- School of Health and Behaviour Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4556, Australia.
| | - Max Stuelcken
- School of Health and Behaviour Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4556, Australia
| | - Mark Sayers
- School of Health and Behaviour Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4556, Australia
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Lijewski M, Burdukiewicz A, Stachoń A, Pietraszewska J. Differences in anthropometric variables and muscle strength in relation to competitive level in male handball players. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261141. [PMID: 34882749 PMCID: PMC8659418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic characteristics manifested in different body morphology have great importance for the selection of athletes in most sports. The aim of our study is to evaluate the differences in anthropometric variables and isometric strength of handball players presenting different levels of sports competence, and to study the discriminative power of selected morphological characteristics that do not change in the training process. The study included the results of anthropometric measurements routinely used to monitor athletes, and body proportion indices were calculated. Fat percentage was assessed using the BIA, whereas body build was assessed using the Heath-Carter method. Measurements of right and left hand grip strength and back strength were taken. The results of measurements and calculations were analyzed using statistical methods. It was shown that players presenting the highest level dominate by the overall size and massiveness of the body, characteristics ensuring an advantage in direct confrontation. The size of subcutaneous fat tissue and percentage of body fat varied poorly between athletes in each group. Muscle strength assessed under static conditions shows a gradient in magnitude across teams from higher to lower rank, but the differences are not statistically significant. The same somatotype (balanced mesomorph) was present in all groups. Athletes presenting high sports level are characterized by body proportions that determine biomechanical conditions conducive to optimizing the structure of movements important in handball. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that throwing-related characteristics (hand length, upper arm length, upper limb span, lower limb length) account for 88% of the variance in team ranking and can be used to identify the morphological predisposition of adepts to play handball.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Lijewski
- Department of Biological and Medical Foundations of Sport, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Burdukiewicz
- Department of Biological and Medical Foundations of Sport, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Stachoń
- Department of Biological and Medical Foundations of Sport, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Pietraszewska
- Department of Biological and Medical Foundations of Sport, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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Gherghel A, Badau D, Badau A, Moraru L, Manolache GM, Oancea BM, Tifrea C, Tudor V, Costache RM. Optimizing the Explosive Force of the Elite Level Football-Tennis Players through Plyometric and Specific Exercises. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18158228. [PMID: 34360523 PMCID: PMC8345974 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the research was to implement an athletic program to improve the explosive force in order to optimize physical fitness at the level of elite football-tennis players and evaluate the progress made through specific tests using the Opto Jump. The research included 10 elite European and world-class players, on whom an experimental program was applied in order to improve the explosive force of the limbs in conditions of speed, endurance, and dynamic balance. Study tests: five vertical jumps on the spot, on the left/right leg; five back and forth jumps on the left/right leg; five left/right side jumps on the left/right leg; vertical jumps on both legs 60 s; BFS vertical jumps. For each test, the following parameters specific to the explosive force were statistically analyzed: contact time (s); flight time (s); jump height (cm), jump power (w/kg); RSI—Reactive Strength Index, defined as Height (m/s). In the study, the average value of the parameters specific to the jumps performed in each test was taken into account. During the study, the tests were performed and processed on the Opto Jump device and software. In all tests of the experiment monitored through Opto Jump, significant progress was made in the final test compared to the initial one, which demonstrates the efficiency of the physical training program implemented for the development of explosive force, with an impact on the sports performance of elite players. The most relevant results obtained for the left leg regarding the improvement of the explosive force of the lower limbs materialized in the jump height parameter was in the test of five vertical jumps on one leg on the spot, and for the right leg in the tests of: five back and forth jumps and five left/right side jumps. The most significant advances in the study were in the tests, in descending order of their weight: 60 s vertical jumps on both legs; five back-and-forth jumps and five left/right side jumps, five vertical jumps on one leg standing, and BFS vertical jumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Gherghel
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania; (A.G.); (C.T.); (V.T.); (R.M.C.)
| | - Dana Badau
- Faculty of Sciences and Letters, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University, 500068 Brasov, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Adela Badau
- Faculty of Sciences and Letters, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Liviu Moraru
- Faculty of Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (L.M.)
| | | | - Bogdan Marian Oancea
- Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University, 500068 Brasov, Romania;
| | - Corina Tifrea
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania; (A.G.); (C.T.); (V.T.); (R.M.C.)
| | - Virgil Tudor
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania; (A.G.); (C.T.); (V.T.); (R.M.C.)
| | - Raluca Maria Costache
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania; (A.G.); (C.T.); (V.T.); (R.M.C.)
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JOUDALLAH HA, SALEH BD, ISMAIL LM. Validity and reliability of a suggested handball agility test with specific skills and muscular explosive determinants of lower limbs in handball players. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2021. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.19.04185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lijewski M, Burdukiewicz A, Pietraszewska J, Andrzejewska J, Stachoń A. Asymmetry of Muscle Mass Distribution and Grip Strength in Professional Handball Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041913. [PMID: 33669467 PMCID: PMC7920472 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Handball is among the disciplines that impose a significant degree of asymmetry on the body movement. The aim of the study is to assess the influence of physical effort on the occurrence of asymmetry in body musculature and in isometric strength of handball players. The study examined 36 professional handball players. Players' height and body mass were measured as to calculate their body mass indexes (BMIs). Segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (SBIA) was used to assess: the percentage of fat mass, total muscle mass (MM), musculature of the right and left side of the body, and body segments (trunk, upper and lower limbs). Moreover, grip strength was also measured. The assessment confirmed the existence of discrepancies in the right and left sides of players' bodies for the majority of the parameters. Cross-asymmetry and significant bilateral discrepancies in trunk musculature were also observed. Morphological asymmetry may impact performance in sports since it can cause unfavorable functional changes, which in turn increase the risk of injury and conditions caused by overexertion. Therefore, we believe it is important to emphasize the importance of individualized symmetrization during sports practice and consistent monitoring of the asymmetries occurring in different body parts; this should both improve one's sports results and minimize the risk of injury.
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Toselli S, Marini E, Maietta Latessa P, Benedetti L, Campa F. Maturity Related Differences in Body Composition Assessed by Classic and Specific Bioimpedance Vector Analysis among Male Elite Youth Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030729. [PMID: 31979187 PMCID: PMC7036791 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the efficiency of classic and specific bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) in the assessment of maturity related differences in body composition among male elite youth soccer players, and to provide bioelectrical impedance reference data for this category. A group of 178 players (aged 12.1 ± 1.6 years) were registered in a professional Italian soccer team participating in the first division (Serie A). They were divided into three groups according to their maturity status while bioelectrical resistance and reactance were obtained. The classic and specific BIVA procedures were applied, which correct bioelectrical values for body height and body geometry, respectively. Percentage of fat mass (FM%) and total body water (TBW (L)) were estimated from bioelectrical values. Age-specific z-scores of the predicted age at peak height velocity identified 29 players as earlier-, 126 as on time-, and 23 as later-maturing. TBW was higher (p < 0.01) in adolescents classified as “early” maturity status compared to the other two groups and classic BIVA confirmed these results. Conversely, no differences in FM% were found among the groups. Specific vector length showed a higher correlation (r = 0.748) with FM% compared with the classic approach (r = 0.493). Classic vector length showed a stronger association (r = −0.955) with TBW compared with specific (r = −0.263). Specific BIVA turns out to be accurate for the analysis of FM% in athletes, while classic BIVA shows to be a valid approach to evaluate TBW. An original data set of bioelectric impedance reference values of male elite youth soccer players was provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Toselli
- Departments of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Marini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Neuroscience and Anthropology Section, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | | | - Luca Benedetti
- School of Pharmacy, Biotechnology and Sport Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Francesco Campa
- Departments of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40121 Bologna, Italy;
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3450-03-1080
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Analysis of the presence and influence of Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit on posterior stiffness and isometric shoulder rotators strength ratio in recreational and amateur handball players. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 42:1-8. [PMID: 31865237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether recreational and amateur handball players exhibit Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD), and if it is accompanied by posterior stiffness and changes in shoulder rotators strength. DESIGN Cross-Sectional Study; SETTING: Research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Indoor and beach handball players, members of handball teams or engaged in some handball recreational group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Range of motion (ROM) of internal rotation (IR) and horizontal adduction (HA), and isometric internal and external rotators strength. Based on the ROM of internal rotation, they were allocated to groups with and without GIRD. RESULTS The dominant shoulder of GIRD group obtained a lower ROM of IR compared to the non-dominant shoulder of the same group (p < 0.01) and to the dominant (p = 0.02) and non-dominant (p = 0.01) shoulders of the group without GIRD. Less horizontal adduction was observed in both groups (p = 0.01), as well as greater external rotator strength (p = 0.01) and external/internal rotators strength ratio (p < 0.04) in the dominant shoulder. The rotators strength ratio was greater in GIRD group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The present study showed the dominant shoulder had greater posterior stiffness and external rotator strength, regardless of GIRD. Also the group with GIRD showed higher rotators strength ratio.
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Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess postural stability of goalkeepers from the Polish national junior handball team. Eleven juniors of the Polish national handball team (age 16.82 ± 1.6 years, body height 191.27 ± 3.1 cm, body mass 88.41 ± 12.26 kg, BMI 24.18 ± 3.22 kg/m2) were selected for the study. The Biodex Balance System and AccuGait AM¬TI platform were used to evaluate postural stability. The obtained results indicated good postural stability of the subjects. During the Biodex Balance System platform tests, all subjects presented very good postural stability and maintained within Zone A. Postural sway was greater in the sagittal plane compared to the frontal one. Most of the participants demonstrated slight backward tilts, but maintained in Quadrant IV. During the AccuGait AMTI platform trial, Path Length and Average COP Speed significantly increased in the test performed with closed eyes. Furthermore, there were significant positive correlations between the number of variables obtained during the Biodex Balance System and AccuGait AMTI tests. Proper and stable posture are necessary conditions to be met to carry out most free movements and locomotion. They play a significant role in the game of a handball goalkeeper and for that reason, postural stability testing of handball goalkeepers is an important element of coordination training. Thus, the use of postural stability exercises implementing the biofeedback method on stabilo and dynamometric platforms is practical and justifiable.
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