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Tandl V, Haudum C, Eberhard K, Hutz B, Foessl I, Kolesnik E, Zirlik A, von Lewinski D, Scherr D, Verheyen N, Pieber T, Obermayer-Pietsch B. AMH in Males: Effects of Body Size and Composition on Serum AMH Levels. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4478. [PMID: 37445513 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) have been found to decrease with increasing body mass index (BMI) in many studies. It is not yet clear whether this stems from an adverse effect of adiposity on AMH production, or from dilution due to the greater blood volume that accompanies a larger body size. To investigate a possible hemodilution effect, we explored the relationships between serum AMH levels and different parameters of body composition using linear regression models in a cohort of adult males. Body weight, lean mass (LM), and body surface area (BSA) were found to be better predictors of AMH than measures of adiposity, such as BMI or fat mass. Since both LM and BSA correlate with plasma volume better than adipose tissue, we conclude that hemodilution of AMH does occur in adult males and should be considered for normalization in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Tandl
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Haudum
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Eberhard
- Core Facility Computational Bioanalytics, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Hutz
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Ines Foessl
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Ewald Kolesnik
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and University Heart Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and University Heart Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dirk von Lewinski
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and University Heart Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Scherr
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and University Heart Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Nicolas Verheyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and University Heart Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Pieber
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Cannarella R, Caruso M, Condorelli RA, Timpanaro TA, Caruso MA, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Testicular volume in 268 children and adolescents followed-up for childhood obesity-a retrospective cross-sectional study. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 188:331-342. [PMID: 37127298 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prevalence of obesity in childhood has increased over the past few decades. The impact of obesity and of obesity-related metabolic disorders on testicular growth is unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance on testicular volume (TV) in pre-pubertal (<9 years), peri-pubertal (9-14 years), and post-pubertal (14-16 years) periods. METHODS We collected data on TV, age, standard deviation score (SDS) of the body mass index (BMI), insulin, and fasting glycemia in 268 children and adolescents followed-up for weight control. RESULTS Peri-pubertal boys with normal weight had a significantly higher TV compared to those with overweight or obesity. No difference was found in the other age ranges when data were grouped according to BMI. Pre- and post-pubertal children/adolescents with normal insulin levels had significantly higher TV compared to those with hyperinsulinemia. Peri-pubertal boys with hyperinsulinemia had significantly higher TV compared to those with normal insulin levels. Post-pubertal adolescents with insulin resistance had lower TV and peri-pubertal boys had higher TV compared to those without insulin resistance. No difference was found in pre-puberty. CONCLUSIONS Closer control of the body weight and the associated metabolic alterations in childhood and adolescence may maintain testicular function later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - M Caruso
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - R A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - T A Timpanaro
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - M A Caruso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - S La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - A E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
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Niknam A, Mahboobifard F, Rahmati M, Firouzi F, Rojhani E, Azizi F, Ramezani Tehrani F. The effects of different physiologic concentrations of prolactin in association with reproductive hormones on the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:302. [PMID: 36471299 PMCID: PMC9721030 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data is inconsistent and, for the most part, not sufficient to demonstrate the association between serum Prolactin (PRL) concentration within the physiologic range and the incidence rate of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) among men. Moreover, since both PRL and type 2 DM are associated with reproductive hormones, investigating these hormones might improve our understanding of how PRL might impose its effect on the incidence rate of type 2 DM. METHODS For the present study, 652 eligible men aged 29-70 with a normal baseline PRL concentration were selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Participants were sub-classified into three groups (tertiles) according to the serum concentration of PRL and were followed for 15.8 years. The incidence of type 2 DM and PRL, LH, FSH, testosterone, and AMH concentrations were measured. The effect of hormonal variables on the incidence of type 2 DM was estimated using the log-binomial model, adjusted for major confounding factors. The correlations between PRL and the indicators of glucose and lipid metabolism and other hormonal variables were also explored. RESULTS In the unadjusted model, PRL was not significantly associated with the incidence rate of type 2 DM (RR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.94 - 1.03). After adjusting for potential confounders, the inverse effect of AMH on the incidence rate of type 2 DM was the only significant association. The analyses also indicated a significant positive association between PRL and LH/FSH ratio (r = 0.1, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION No significant association was found between serum PRL concentrations within the physiologic range and the incidence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged men. Men with higher concentrations of PRL within the physiologic range tended to show higher levels of LH and LH/FSH. AMH was the only variable significantly linked to the incidence rate of type 2 DM in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atrin Niknam
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mahboobifard
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahmati
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Firouzi
- Pathology Department of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Rojhani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
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Rerat S, Amsellem-Jager J, L'hour MC, Bouhours-Nouet N, Donzeau A, Rouleau S, Levaillant L, Emeriau F, Moal V, Boux de Casson F, Lahlou N, Coutant R. Lower Circulating Sertoli and Leydig Cell Hormone Levels During Puberty in Obese Boys: A Cross-sectional Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1568-e1576. [PMID: 34918072 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Alterations in semen characteristics and circulating Sertoli and Leydig cell hormones have been described in obese male adults. Whether hormonal alterations occur before adulthood has not been fully evaluated. OBJECTIVE We describe circulating Sertoli and Leydig cell hormone levels in overweight-obese (ow/ob) boys through childhood and adolescence in a cross-sectional study. METHODS Monocentric study in the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit of Angers University Hospital. Three hundred and fifty-one obese and overweight boys aged 5-19 years underwent physical examination, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for body composition, oral glucose tolerance test on insulin and glucose, and measurements of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B, testosterone, and estradiol. Hormonal levels were compared with normative data obtained from 652 healthy nonoverweight nonobese boys of similar age or Tanner stage. RESULTS Median inhibin B and testosterone levels during puberty were significantly lower in ow/ob than in healthy boys (1) from age >12 years and thereafter for inhibin B, and (2) from age >14 years and thereafter for testosterone. At Tanner stages 4 and 5, 26%, 31%, and 18% of inhibin B, testosterone, and AMH values were below the 5th percentile in ow/ob subjects (P < .01). In multiple regression analyses, estradiol and total bone mineral density Z-score were negative predictors of inhibin B, fat mass percentage was a negative predictor of testosterone, and insulin was a negative predictor of AMH. CONCLUSION Lower Sertoli and Leydig cell hormone levels during puberty were observed in the ow/ob boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solene Rerat
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Jessica Amsellem-Jager
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
- Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | | | - Natacha Bouhours-Nouet
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
- Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Aurelie Donzeau
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Stephanie Rouleau
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Lucie Levaillant
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Fabienne Emeriau
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Valerie Moal
- Department of Hormonology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
| | | | - Najiba Lahlou
- Department of Hormonology, BPR Specialized Analyses, 45700 Pannes,France
| | - Regis Coutant
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
- Reference Center for Rare Pituitary Diseases, University Hospital, 49000 Angers, France
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Anti-mullerian hormone attenuates insulin resistance and systemic inflammation in old obese C57BL/6 male mice. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1697-1704. [PMID: 34900820 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00925-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Epidemiological studies show that Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) is inversely correlated with age, obesity-related diseases, and all-cause mortality in men. To further investigate the role of AMH in aging and obesity, we studied the effect of AMH treatment on the inflammatory and metabolic parameters and weight in old male C57BL/6 mice. Method Thirty-six old male C57BL/6 mice (18 month-old) were either on the High-Fat Diet (HFD) or Normal Diet (ND). When obesity occurred in the HFD group, each group was divided into two subgroups; AMH-treated (ND+AMH and HFD+AMH) or controls (ND and HFD). The AMH subgroup received 15 ng/gbw of recombinant AMH injection every 48 h in four weeks. Then, serum AMH, CRP, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR were measured and analyzed. Results AMH injection decreased CRP level (HFD =622.86±25.73, HFD+AMH =543.2±24.99 ng/ml, p= 0.003), fasting insulin (HFD=1.50± 0.34, HFD+AMH =0.8±0.25 ng/ml, p=0.006) and HOMA-IR (HFD=12.76± 2.88, HFD+AMH =7.06±2.31, p=0.008) in the obese old mice comparison with control. In ND group, just CRP levels dropped following AMH injection (ND=451.24±20.61, ND+AMH= 326.8±23.76 ng/ml; p=0.001). Accelerated weight gain was observed in HFD+AMH compared with the HFD subgroup (p<0.05). Conclusions In conclusion, increasing the circulating level of AMH could subside the systemic inflammation through decreasing CRP levels regardless of diet type and enhance insulin sensitivity in old obese mice. It can also lead to higher weight gain, without inflammation, in old obese male mice who are on an HFD.
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Santi D, Spaggiari G, Greco C, Lazzaretti C, Paradiso E, Casarini L, Potì F, Brigante G, Simoni M. The "Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" of Endothelial Dysfunction Markers in Human Fertility. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052584. [PMID: 33806677 PMCID: PMC7961823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is an early event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and represents the first step in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The evaluation of endothelial health is fundamental in clinical practice and several direct and indirect markers have been suggested so far to identify any alterations in endothelial homeostasis. Alongside the known endothelial role on vascular health, several pieces of evidence have demonstrated that proper endothelial functioning plays a key role in human fertility and reproduction. Therefore, this state-of-the-art review updates the endothelial health markers discriminating between those available for clinical practice or for research purposes and their application in human fertility. Moreover, new molecules potentially helpful to clarify the link between endothelial and reproductive health are evaluated herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Santi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-05-9396-1816
| | - Giorgia Spaggiari
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Carla Greco
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Clara Lazzaretti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy
| | - Elia Paradiso
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Potì
- Department of Medicine and Surgery-Unit of Neurosciences, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Giulia Brigante
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy
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Verdiesen RMG, Onland-Moret NC, van Gils CH, Stellato RK, Spijkerman AMW, Picavet HSJ, Broekmans FJM, Verschuren WMM, van der Schouw YT. Anti-Müllerian hormone levels and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetologia 2021; 64:375-384. [PMID: 33048171 PMCID: PMC7801305 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Given its role in ovarian follicle development, circulating anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is considered to be a marker of reproductive ageing. Although accelerated reproductive ageing has been associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, research on the relationship between AMH and type 2 diabetes risk is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether age-specific AMH levels and age-related AMH trajectories are associated with type 2 diabetes risk in women. METHODS We measured AMH in repeated plasma samples from 3293 female participants (12,460 samples in total), aged 20-59 years at recruitment, from the Doetinchem Cohort Study, a longitudinal study with follow-up visits every 5 years. We calculated age-specific AMH tertiles at baseline to account for the strong AMH-age correlation. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for confounders were used to assess the association between baseline age-specific AMH tertiles and incident type 2 diabetes. We applied linear mixed models to compare age-related AMH trajectories for women who developed type 2 diabetes with trajectories for women who did not develop diabetes. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 20 years, 163 women developed type 2 diabetes. Lower baseline age-specific AMH levels were associated with a higher type 2 diabetes risk (HRT2vsT3 1.24 [95% CI 0.81, 1.92]; HRT1vsT3 1.62 [95% CI 1.06, 2.48]; ptrend = 0.02). These findings seem to be supported by predicted AMH trajectories, which suggested that plasma AMH levels were lower at younger ages in women who developed type 2 diabetes compared with women who did not. The trajectories also suggested that AMH levels declined at a slower rate in women who developed type 2 diabetes, although differences in trajectories were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We observed that lower age-specific AMH levels were associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Longitudinal analyses did not show clear evidence of differing AMH trajectories between women who developed type 2 diabetes compared with women who did not, possibly because these analyses were underpowered. Further research is needed to investigate whether AMH is part of the biological mechanism explaining the association between reproductive ageing and type 2 diabetes. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée M G Verdiesen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - N Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Carla H van Gils
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rebecca K Stellato
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M W Spijkerman
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - H Susan J Picavet
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J M Broekmans
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - W M Monique Verschuren
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Cannarella R, Arato I, Condorelli RA, Mongioì LM, Lilli C, Bellucci C, La Vignera S, Luca G, Mancuso F, Calogero AE. Effects of Insulin on Porcine Neonatal Sertoli Cell Responsiveness to FSH In Vitro. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060809. [PMID: 31174276 PMCID: PMC6617126 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is ongoing debate as to whether the decline of sperm production in recent times may be related to a parallel increase in the rate of obesity and diabetes. Lower anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B secretion have been observed in young hyperinsulinemic patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting a Sertoli cell (SC) dysfunction. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SC dysfunction in these patients are poorly understood. To the best of our knowledge, no evidence is available on the effects of insulin on SC function. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the effects of insulin on basal and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-stimulated SC function in vitro. To accomplish this, we evaluated the expression of AMH, inhibin B and FSHR genes, the secretion of AMH and inhibin B and the phosphorylation of AKT473 and SC proliferation on neonatal porcine SC after incubation with FSH and/or insulin. We found that similar to FSH, the expression and secretion of AMH is suppressed by insulin. Co-incubation with FSH and insulin decreased AMH secretion significantly more than with FSH alone. Insulin had no effect on the expression and secretion of the inhibin B gene, but co-incubation with FSH and insulin had a lower effect on inhibin B secretion than that found with FSH alone. FSH and/or insulin increased AKT473 phosphorylation and SC proliferation. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that insulin modulates SC function. We hypothesize that hyperinsulinemia may therefore influence testicular function even before puberty begins. Therefore, particular care should be taken to avoid the onset of hyperinsulinemia in children to prevent a future deleterious effect on fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Iva Arato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Laura M Mongioì
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Lilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Catia Bellucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Luca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mancuso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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9
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La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Cimino L, Cannarella R, Giacone F, Calogero AE. Early Identification of Isolated Sertoli Cell Dysfunction in Prepubertal and Transition Age: Is It Time? J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050636. [PMID: 31075862 PMCID: PMC6572413 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The male transitional phase is of fundamental importance for future fertility. This aspect is largely neglected in clinical practice. This opinion aims to shed light on these issues. The children frequently complete the transition phase with a slight reduction of testicular volume. The system of detecting testicular volume is often inadequate. These patients evidently complete puberty in an incomplete way because they do not reach an adequate testicular volume, albeit in the presence of adequate height and regular secondary sexual characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Laura Cimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Filippo Giacone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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