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Abstract
The structural complexity of glycans poses a serious challenge in the chemical synthesis of glycosides, oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. Glycan complexity, determined by composition, connectivity, and configuration far exceeds what nature achieves with nucleic acids and proteins. Consequently, glycoside synthesis ranks among the most complex tasks in organic synthesis, despite involving only a simple type of bond-forming reaction. Here, we introduce the fundamental principles of glycoside bond formation and summarize recent advances in glycoside bond formation and oligosaccharide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Crawford
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Singh Y, Geringer SA, Demchenko AV. Synthesis and Glycosidation of Anomeric Halides: Evolution from Early Studies to Modern Methods of the 21st Century. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11701-11758. [PMID: 35675037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Advances in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry have dramatically improved access to common glycans. However, many novel methods still fail to adequately address challenges associated with chemical glycosylation and glycan synthesis. Since a challenge of glycosylation has remained, scientists have been frequently returning to the traditional glycosyl donors. This review is dedicated to glycosyl halides that have played crucial roles in shaping the field of glycosciences and continue to pave the way toward our understanding of chemical glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashapal Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Scott A Geringer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
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3
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Xu L, Luo C, Chen C. Halogenation and anomerization of glycopyranoside by
TESH
/bromine and
BHQ
/bromine. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lai Xu
- Department of Chemistry Fu‐Jen Catholic University New Taipei City 24205 Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Chin‐Hung Luo
- Department of Chemistry Fu‐Jen Catholic University New Taipei City 24205 Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Chien‐Sheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry Fu‐Jen Catholic University New Taipei City 24205 Taiwan (ROC)
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4
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Panza M, Pistorio SG, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. Automated Chemical Oligosaccharide Synthesis: Novel Approach to Traditional Challenges. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8105-8150. [PMID: 29953217 PMCID: PMC6522228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Advances in carbohydrate chemistry have certainly made common oligosaccharides much more accessible. However, many current methods still rely heavily upon specialized knowledge of carbohydrate chemistry. The application of automated technologies to chemical and life science applications such as genomics and proteomics represents a vibrant field. These automated technologies also present opportunities for their application to organic synthesis, including that of the synthesis of oligosaccharides. However, application of automated methods to the synthesis of carbohydrates is an underdeveloped area as compared to other classes of biomolecules. The overarching goal of this review article is to present the advances that have been made at the interface of carbohydrate chemistry and automated technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Panza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Salvatore G. Pistorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Keith J. Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Martin Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Chaudhary P, Korde R, Gupta S, Sureshbabu P, Sabiah S, Kandasamy J. An Efficient Metal-Free Method for the Denitrosation of Aryl N
-Nitrosamines at Room Temperature. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology (BHU); Varanasi Uttar Pradesh- 221005
| | - Rishi Korde
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology (BHU); Varanasi Uttar Pradesh- 221005
| | - Surabhi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology (BHU); Varanasi Uttar Pradesh- 221005
| | - Popuri Sureshbabu
- Department of Chemistry; Pondicherry University; Pondicherry- 605014
| | | | - Jeyakumar Kandasamy
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology (BHU); Varanasi Uttar Pradesh- 221005
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7
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Sheerin K, Guazzelli L, Oscarson S. Large scale synthesis and regioselective protection schemes of ethyl 2-azido-2-deoxy-1-thio-α-d-cellobioside for preparation of heparin thiodisaccharide building blocks. Carbohydr Res 2017; 440-441:16-31. [PMID: 28167367 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline acetylated ethyl 2-azido-2-deoxy-1-thio-α-d-cellobioside has been prepared on a multigram scale from cellobiose in an overall yield of 23% with no chromatography required and converted after deacetylation into the 4',6'-O-benzylidene and 4',6'-O-benzylidene-6-O-TBDMS protected derivatives. Applying a number of regioselective benzylation methods on these gave access to a variety of regioselectively protected derivatives, both mono-ols (2'- and 3-OH), diols (2',6-, 2',3-, and 3,6-di-OH), and triols (2',3,6- and 2',3',3-tri-OH). A number of these derivatives were further processed by benzoylation followed by removal or opening of the benzylidene acetal and selective oxidation of the exposed primary alcohol to give heparin building block intermediates comprising a range of possible sulfation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sheerin
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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8
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Wang N, Hasegawa H, Huang CY, Fukase K, Fujimoto Y. Synthesis of Peptidoglycan Fragments from Enterococcus faecalis with Fmoc-Strategy for Glycan Elongation. Chem Asian J 2016; 12:27-30. [PMID: 27868361 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptidoglycan (PGN) is an essential structural component of the bacterial cell wall conferring cell shape, which can be recognized by host-recognition proteins and receptors as well as bacterial surface proteins. In this work, the PGN partial structures from Enterococcus faecalis that contain a tetrasaccharide and an octasaccharide with a unique heptapeptide were synthesized via an Fmoc-strategy for elongation of the glycan chains. Namely, a 4'-O-Fmoc-protected disaccharide was utilized as the key intermediate in this efficient synthetic pathway for preparing various PGN fragments. Both the tetrasaccharide and octasaccharide with the unique heptapeptide were successfully synthesized for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Cheng-Yuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yukari Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
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9
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Abstract
The development of glycobiology relies on the sources of particular oligosaccharides in their purest forms. As the isolation of the oligosaccharide structures from natural sources is not a reliable option for providing samples with homogeneity, chemical means become pertinent. The growing demand for diverse oligosaccharide structures has prompted the advancement of chemical strategies to stitch sugar molecules with precise stereo- and regioselectivity through the formation of glycosidic bonds. This Review will focus on the key developments towards chemical O-glycosylations in the current century. Synthesis of novel glycosyl donors and acceptors and their unique activation for successful glycosylation are discussed. This Review concludes with a summary of recent developments and comments on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Das
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) KolkataMohanpurNadia741246India
| | - Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) KolkataMohanpurNadia741246India
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10
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Mukherjee MM, Basu N, Ghosh R. Iron(iii) chloride modulated selective 1,2-trans glycosylation based on glycosyl trichloroacetimidate donors and its application in orthogonal glycosylation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21859h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
FeCl3 modulated excellent 1,2-trans selective glycosylations based on trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donors even in the presence of apparently silent C-2 protecting group, along with orthogonal glycosylation reactions are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nabamita Basu
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Rina Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
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11
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Caso MF, D’Alonzo D, D’Errico S, Palumbo G, Guaragna A. Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Lamivudine (3TC) and Emtricitabine (FTC) by a Novel N-Glycosidation Procedure. Org Lett 2015; 17:2626-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Federica Caso
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniele D’Alonzo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano D’Errico
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palumbo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guaragna
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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12
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Christensen HM, Oscarson S, Jensen HH. Common side reactions of the glycosyl donor in chemical glycosylation. Carbohydr Res 2015; 408:51-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Ranade SC, Demchenko AV. Mechanism of Chemical Glycosylation: Focus on the Mode of Activation and Departure of Anomeric Leaving Groups. J Carbohydr Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2012.749264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha C. Ranade
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri , St. Louis , MO , 63121 , USA
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri , St. Louis , MO , 63121 , USA
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14
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Hinou H, Saito N, Maeda T, Matsuda M, Kamiya Y, Nishimura SI. Toward Green and Sustainable Chemical Glycosylation: Enhanced Lewis Acidity of Recyclable Solid Super Acid Catalyst, SO4/ZrO2 by CaCl2 Doping. J Carbohydr Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2011.610545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hinou
- a Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science , Hokkaido University , N21, W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo , 001-0021 , Japan
- b Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals , LLC, 1-715, N7, W4, Kita-ku, Sapporo , 060-0807 , Japan
| | - Naohiro Saito
- a Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science , Hokkaido University , N21, W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo , 001-0021 , Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- a Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science , Hokkaido University , N21, W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo , 001-0021 , Japan
| | - Masao Matsuda
- a Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science , Hokkaido University , N21, W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo , 001-0021 , Japan
| | - Yuichi Kamiya
- c Division of Environmental Materials Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science , Hokkaido University , N10, W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo , 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
- a Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Graduate School of Life Science , Hokkaido University , N21, W11, Kita-ku, Sapporo , 001-0021 , Japan
- b Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals , LLC, 1-715, N7, W4, Kita-ku, Sapporo , 060-0807 , Japan
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15
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Pastore A, Valerio S, Adinolfi M, Iadonisi A. An Easy and Versatile Approach for the Regioselective De-O-benzylation of Protected Sugars Based on the I2/Et3SiH Combined System. Chemistry 2011; 17:5881-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Weng SS, Li CL, Liao CS, Chen TA, Huang CC, Hung KT. Facile Preparation of α-Glycosyl Iodides by In Situ Generated Aluminum Iodide: Straightforward Synthesis of Thio-, Seleno-, and O-glycosides from Unprotected Reducing Sugars. J Carbohydr Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2011.565894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiue-Shien Weng
- a Department of Chemistry , ROC Military Academy , Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Ling Li
- a Department of Chemistry , ROC Military Academy , Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Sheng Liao
- a Department of Chemistry , ROC Military Academy , Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-An Chen
- a Department of Chemistry , ROC Military Academy , Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Cheih Huang
- a Department of Chemistry , ROC Military Academy , Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Tung Hung
- a Department of Chemistry , ROC Military Academy , Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
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17
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Uchinashi Y, Nagasaki M, Zhou J, Tanaka K, Fukase K. Reinvestigation of the C5-acetamide sialic acid donor for α-selective sialylation: practical procedure under microfluidic conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7243-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06164j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Rauter AP, Xavier NM, Lucas SD, Santos M. Zeolites and other silicon-based promoters in carbohydrate chemistry. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2010; 63:29-99. [PMID: 20381704 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(10)63003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Silicon-based materials, namely zeolites, clays, and silica gel have been widely used in organic synthesis, allowing mild reaction conditions and environmentally friendly methodologies. These heterogeneous catalysts are easy to handle, possess nontoxic and noncorrosive character and offer the possibility of recovery and reuse, thus contributing to clean and sustainable organic transformations. Moreover, they present shape-selective properties and provide stereo- and regiocontrol in chemical reactions. Herein, we survey the most significant applications of silicon-based materials as catalysts in carbohydrate chemistry, to mediate important transformations such as glycosylation, sugar protection and deprotection, and hydrolysis and dehydration. Emphasis is placed on their promising synthetic potential in comparison with conventional catalysts.
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19
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D’Alonzo D, Guaragna A, Van Aerschot A, Herdewijn P, Palumbo G. Toward l-Homo-DNA: Stereoselective de Novo Synthesis of β-l-erythro-Hexopyranosyl Nucleosides. J Org Chem 2010; 75:6402-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100691y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele D’Alonzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Annalisa Guaragna
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Arthur Van Aerschot
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroederstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroederstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Palumbo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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20
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Highly chemo- and stereoselective glycosidation of permethacrylated O-glycosyl trichloroacetimidate reagents promoted by TMSNTf2. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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22
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3-Methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxylic Acid. MOLBANK 2010. [DOI: 10.3390/m648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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23
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Yu B, Sun J. Glycosylation with glycosyl N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidates (PTFAI) and a perspective of the future development of new glycosylation methods. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:4668-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00563k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Tanaka H, Yoshizawa A, Chijiwa S, Ueda JY, Takagi M, Shin-ya K, Takahashi T. Efficient Synthesis of the Deoxysugar Part of Versipelostatin by Direct and Stereoselective Glycosylation and Revision of the Structure of the Trisaccharide Unit. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:1114-25. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Tanaka K, Fujii Y, Tokimoto H, Mori Y, Tanaka SI, Bao GM, Siwu ER, Nakayabu A, Fukase K. Synthesis of a Sialic Acid Containing Complex-TypeN-Glycan on a Solid Support. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:574-80. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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27
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28
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Lian G, Gao Q, Lin F. Synthesis of fructofuranosides: efficient glycosylation with N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate as the leaving group. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2992-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Liao J, Sun J, Yu B. Effective synthesis of nucleosides with glycosyl trifluoroacetimidates as donors. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Schmelzer
- a Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz , Konstanz, Germany
| | - Zhaojun Zhang
- a Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz , Konstanz, Germany
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31
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Tanaka H, Yoshizawa A, Takahashi T. Direct and Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Linked 2,6-Deoxyoligosaccharides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200604031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Tanaka H, Yoshizawa A, Takahashi T. Direct and Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Linked 2,6-Deoxyoligosaccharides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:2505-7. [PMID: 17318929 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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33
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Tian Q, Zhang S, Yu Q, He MB, Yang JS. Amberlyst 15 as a mild and effective activator for the glycosylation with disarmed glycosyl trichloroacetimidate donors. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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34
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Li Y, Wei G, Yu B. Aryl C-glycosylation of phenols with glycosyl trifluoroacetimidates. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:2717-22. [PMID: 16978594 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Revised: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aryl C-glycosylation of a variety of phenols with glycosyl trifluoroacetimidates in the presence of TMSOTf was examined, leading to the corresponding ortho-hydroxyaryl C-glycosides in variable yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Adinolfi M, Iadonisi A, Ravidà A, Schiattarella M. Efficient and direct synthesis of saccharidic 1,2-ethylidenes, orthoesters, and glycals from peracetylated sugars via the in situ generation of glycosyl iodides with I2/Et3SiH. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yu B, Tao H. Glycosyl trifluoroacetimidates. 2. Synthesis of dioscin and xiebai saponin I. J Org Chem 2002; 67:9099-102. [PMID: 12467439 DOI: 10.1021/jo026103c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two trisaccharide steroidal saponins, dioscin (1) and Xiebai saponin I (2) with various bioactivities, were efficiently synthesized using the newly developed glycosyl N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidates (10-13) as glycosylation donors. Thus, dioscin was synthesized in five steps and a 33% overall yield from diosgenin and glycosyl trifluoroacetimidates (10 and 11). Xiebai saponin I was synthesized in eight steps and a 32% overall yield from laxogenin and glycosyl trifluoroacetimidates (10, 12, and 13), whereupon, the rare steroid laxogenin was prepared from diosgenin in four steps and an overall 69% yield. All the glycosylation reactions involved in the present syntheses demonstrated that glycosyl trifluoroacetimidates were successful donors comparable to the corresponding glycosyl trichloroacetimidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, China.
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Adinolfi M, Barone G, Iadonisi A, Schiattarella M. Efficient activation of glycosyl N-(phenyl)trifluoroacetimidate donors with ytterbium(III) triflate in the glycosylation reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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