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Zhang P, Deng H, Lan X, Shen P, Bai Z, Huangfu C, Wang N, Xiao C, Gao Y, Sun Y, Li J, Guo J, Zhou W, Gao Y. Tetramethylpyrazine Protects Against Chronic Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction by Inhibiting CaMKII Activation in a Mouse Model Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 26:54. [PMID: 39795913 PMCID: PMC11720575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Revised: 12/17/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2025] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to high altitudes causes pathophysiological cardiac changes that are characterized by cardiac dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, and decreased energy reserves. However, finding specific pharmacological interventions for these pathophysiological changes is challenging. In this study, we identified tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) as a promising drug candidate for cardiac dysfunction caused by simulated high-altitude exposure. By utilizing hypobaric chambers to simulate high-altitude environments, we found that TMP improved cardiac function, alleviated cardiac hypertrophy, and reduced myocardial injury in hypobaric hypoxic mice. RNA sequencing showed that TMP also upregulated heart-contraction-related genes that were suppressed by hypobaric hypoxia exposure. Mechanistically, TMP inhibited hypobaric hypoxia-induced cardiac Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) activation and exerted cardioprotective effects by inhibiting CaMKII. Our data suggest that TMP application may be a promising approach for treating high-altitude-induced cardiac dysfunction, and they highlight the crucial role of CaMKII in hypobaric hypoxia-induced cardiac pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (P.Z.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (P.S.); (Z.B.); (C.H.); (N.W.); (C.X.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Huifang Deng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (P.Z.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (P.S.); (Z.B.); (C.H.); (N.W.); (C.X.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Xiong Lan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (P.Z.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (P.S.); (Z.B.); (C.H.); (N.W.); (C.X.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Pan Shen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (P.Z.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (P.S.); (Z.B.); (C.H.); (N.W.); (C.X.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Zhijie Bai
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (P.Z.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (P.S.); (Z.B.); (C.H.); (N.W.); (C.X.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Chaoji Huangfu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (P.Z.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (P.S.); (Z.B.); (C.H.); (N.W.); (C.X.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Ningning Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (P.Z.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (P.S.); (Z.B.); (C.H.); (N.W.); (C.X.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Chengrong Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (P.Z.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (P.S.); (Z.B.); (C.H.); (N.W.); (C.X.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Yehui Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (P.Z.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (P.S.); (Z.B.); (C.H.); (N.W.); (C.X.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Yue Sun
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (P.Z.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (P.S.); (Z.B.); (C.H.); (N.W.); (C.X.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Jiamiao Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (P.Z.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (P.S.); (Z.B.); (C.H.); (N.W.); (C.X.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Jie Guo
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (P.Z.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (P.S.); (Z.B.); (C.H.); (N.W.); (C.X.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Wei Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (P.Z.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (P.S.); (Z.B.); (C.H.); (N.W.); (C.X.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Yue Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (P.Z.); (H.D.); (X.L.); (P.S.); (Z.B.); (C.H.); (N.W.); (C.X.); (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (J.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Pu ZH, Dai M, Xiong L, Peng C. Total alkaloids from the rhizomes of Ligusticum striatum: a review of chemical analysis and pharmacological activities. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:3489-3506. [PMID: 33034219 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1830398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rhizome Chuanxiong (RCX), the dried rhizomes of Ligusticum striatum DC., is a geoauthentic TCM herb distributed in Sichuan province of China that possesses efficacy in promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis and alleviating pain. Rhizome Chuanxiong total alkaloids (RCXTAs) are one of the major characteristic constituents of RCX with the effects of antimigraine, neuroprotective, cardioprotective and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Over the past years, rapid development of technology has advanced some aspects of RCXTAs. The aim of this review is to illustrate the recent advances in the chemical analysis and biological activities of RCXTAs, and to highlight new challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hui Pu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Huang Y, Ma S, Wang Y, Yan R, Wang S, Liu N, Chen B, Chen J, Liu L. The Role of Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines and Bioactive Ingredients on Ion Channels: A Brief Review and Prospect. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:257-265. [PMID: 30370864 DOI: 10.2174/1871527317666181026165400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs), particularly the Chinese herbal medicines, are valuable sources of medicines and have been used for centuries. The term "TCMs" both represents to the single drug agent like Salvia miltiorrhiza, Ligusticum chuanxiong and Angelica sinensis, and those herbal formulas like Jingshu Keli, Wenxin Keli and Danzhen powder. In recent years, the researches of TCMs developed rapidly to understand the scientific basis of these herbs. In this review, we collect the studies of TCM and their containing bioactive compounds, and attempt to provide an overview for their regulatory effects on different ion channels including Ca2+, K+, Na+, Cl- channels and TRP, P2X receptors. The following conditions are used to limit the range of our review. (i) Only the herbal materials are included in this review and the animal- and mineral-original TCMs are excluded. (ii) The major discussions in this review focus on single TCM agent and the herbal formulas are only discussed for a little. (iii) Those most famous herbal medicines like Capsicum annuum (pepper), Curcuma longa (ginger) and Cannabis sativa (marijuana) are excluded. (iv) Only those TCM herbs with more than 5 research papers confirming their effects on ion channels are discussed in this review. Our review discusses recently available scientific evidences for TCMs and related bioactive compounds that have been reported with the modulatory effects on different ion channels, and thus provides a new ethnopharmacological approach to understand the usage of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Shumei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Renjie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Nan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Ben Chen
- Laboratory of Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Department of CNS Research, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, China.,Shanghai Professional and Technical Service Center for Biological Material Drug-ability Evaluation, Shanghai 200437, China
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Mechanisms and Clinical Application of Tetramethylpyrazine (an Interesting Natural Compound Isolated from Ligusticum Wallichii): Current Status and Perspective. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2124638. [PMID: 27668034 PMCID: PMC5030435 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2124638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tetramethylpyrazine, a natural compound from Ligusticum wallichii (Chuan Xiong), has been extensively used in China for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases for about 40 years. Because of its effectiveness in multisystems, especially in cardiovascular, its pharmacological action, clinical application, and the structural modification have attracted broad attention. In this paper its mechanisms of action, the clinical status, and synthetic derivatives will be reviewed briefly.
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Cardiovascular Actions and Therapeutic Potential of Tetramethylpyrazine (Active Component Isolated from Rhizoma Chuanxiong): Roles and Mechanisms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2430329. [PMID: 27314011 PMCID: PMC4893570 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2430329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a pharmacologically active component isolated from the rhizome of the Chinese herb Rhizoma Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong), has been clinically used in China and Southeast Asian countries for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) for about fifty years. The pharmacological effects of TMP on the cardiovascular system have attracted great interest. Emerging experimental studies and clinical trials have demonstrated that TMP prevents atherosclerosis as well as ischemia-reperfusion injury. The cardioprotective effects of TMP are mainly related to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or calcium-homeostasis effects. This review focuses on the roles and mechanisms of action of TMP in the cardiovascular system and provides a novel perspective on TMP's clinical use.
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Ren Z, Ma J, Zhang P, Luo A, Zhang S, Kong L, Qian C. The effect of ligustrazine on L-type calcium current, calcium transient and contractility in rabbit ventricular myocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:555-561. [PMID: 23058991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ligustrazine, the biologically active ingredient isolated from a popular Chinese medicinal plant, Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae), has been used effectively to treat ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular and thrombotic vascular diseases since the 1970s. MATERIALS AND METHODS At present, the effect of ligustrazine on L-type calcium current (I(Ca-L)) of ventricular myocytes remains controversial. In this study, we use the whole-cell patch-clamp techniques and video-based edge detection and dual excitation fluorescence photomultiplier systems to study the effects of ligustrazine on I(Ca-L), and calcium transient and contractility in rabbit ventricular myocytes in the absence and presence of isoprenaline (ISO). RESULTS Ligustrazine (5 μM) in low concentration did not affect I(Ca-L) (P>0.05), higher concentrations of this drug (10, 20, 40, 80 μM) inhibited I(Ca-L) in a concentration-dependent manner and reduced I(Ca-L) by 9.6 ± 2.9%, 21.0 ± 4.3%, 33.9 ± 4.3%, and 51.6 ± 7.3%, respectively. Under normal conditions, ligustrazine (40 μΜ) reduced baseline of fura-2 fluorescence intensities (FFI, 340/380 ratio), namely diastolic calcium concentration, changes in FFI (ΔFFI, 340/380 ratio) and maximal velocity of Ca(2+) rise and decay (340/380 ratio/ms) by 6.3%, 26.1%, 25.2%, and 26.5%, and decreased sarcomere peak shorting (PS) and maximal velocity of shorting and relengthening by 36.4%, 31.9%, and 25.0%, respectively. Similarly, ligustrazine (40 μM) reduced baseline FFI, ΔFFI, and maximal velocity of Ca(2+) rise and decay by 14.1%, 51.1%, 35.2%, and 41.1%, and reduced sarcomere PS and maximal velocity of shorting and relengthening by 38.6%, 50.0% and 39.1%, respectively, in the presence of ISO. CONCLUSIONS Ligustrazine not only significantly inhibits I(Ca-L) in a concentration-dependent manner but also suppressed calcium transient and contraction in the absence and presence of ISO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ren
- Cardio-Electrophysiological Research Laboratory, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
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Li N, Zhu Y, Deng X, Gao Y, Zhu Y, He M. Protective effects and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine against lens opacification induced by sodium selenite in rats. Exp Eye Res 2011; 93:98-102. [PMID: 21635889 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), extracted from the Chinese herbal medicine Ligusticum wallichii franchat (chuan xiong in Chinese), is a potent anti-free radical and calcium antagonist. Correspondingly, two important hypotheses in the causation of cataracts are free radical toxicity and calcium ion overload. In this study we investigated the effect of TMP on lens opacification induced by sodium selenite in rats, addressing the potential of TMP eye drops to prevent and treat cataracts. Results showed that the extent of lens opacification in the untreated Normal Control group (NC group) was significantly less than that of selenite-injected untreated rats (MC group) on days 3, 5, 7 and 10 (p < 0.001), while TMP treated selenite-injected rats (TMP group) had less lens opacification than the MC group on days 3, 5, 7 and 10 (p < 0.05). Compared with the NC group, the MC group had significantly decreased activity of super-oxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and catalase (CAT) and significantly elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and calcium ion content (p < 0.001). Compared with the MC group, the activity of (SOD), (GSH-PX) and (CAT) were significantly higher while (MDA) and calcium ion levels were significantly lower in the TMP group at all time points (p < 0.01). The findings demonstrate that the selenite-induced cataract rat models were successfully built and the TMP eye drops can delay lens opacification induced by sodium selenite in rats. The mechanism by which TMP preserves lens transparency from selenite treated animals is associated with the lenses' ability to maintain normal levels of activity of SOD, GSH-PX and CAT and normal concentrations of MDA and calcium ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie Road South, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Kim EY, Kim JH, Rhyu MR. Endothelium-independent vasorelaxation by Ligusticum wallichii in isolated rat aorta: comparison of a butanolic fraction and tetramethylpyrazine, the main active component of Ligusticum wallichii. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:1360-3. [PMID: 20686232 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ligusticum wallichii is an herb widely used to treat vascular disorders in Asian countries, and tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) has been identified as one of its vasorelaxant active components. This study was performed to examine the endothelium-independent relaxation produced by the butanol-soluble fraction of L. wallichii extract (LwBt) and its possible mechanisms of action in isolated rat aortic rings. The effects were compared with those of TMP. LwBt produced vasorelaxation that increased gradually after 2-3 min of LwBt administration and reached a maximum within 30 min. LwBt-induced relaxation was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with 4-aminopyridine and apamin. Additionally, LwBt attenuated CaCl(2)-induced vasoconstriction in high-potassium depolarized medium. Thus, LwBt-induced vasorelaxation apparently involved inhibition of calcium influx, mediated by the opening of voltage-dependent and/or Ca(2+)-activated potassium channels. On the other hand, the effect of TMP was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with glibenclamide, and 4-aminopyridine had no effect. In conclusion, LwBt-induced endothelium-independent vasorelaxation was mediated by the opening of voltage-dependent potassium channels, while TMP-induced relaxation was mediated by the opening of ATP-dependent potassium channels. These effects of LwBt may be due to a substance other than TMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Kim
- Food Function Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggido 463-746, Korea
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Kim EY, Rhyu MR. Synergistic vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects of Ligusticum wallichii and Angelica gigas. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 130:545-551. [PMID: 20669368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The synergistic vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects of Ligusticum wallichii and Angelica gigas were examined in isolated rat aorta rings and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanol extract of Ligusticum wallichii (LwEx) or Angelica gigas (AgEx) or their combinations at ratios Ligusticum wallichii:Angelica gigas = 1:1 (MxEx11), 1:3 (MxEx13), and 3:1 (and MxEx31), and their successive water soluble (LwDw, AgDw, MxDw11, MxDw13 and MxDw31) or n-butanol soluble fractions (LwBt, AgBt, MxBt11, MxBt13, and MxBt31) were examined for their vasorelaxant effects. In an antihypertensive study, LwEx, AgEx, or MxEx11 (100 mg/kg) was orally administered to SHRs, and the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure were measured using the tail-cuff method before and 1, 3, 5, 7, and 24 h after oral administration. RESULTS Each of the ethanol extracts caused long-term relaxation in endothelium-intact or endothelium-denuded rat aorta preconstricted with norepinephrine (NE, 300 nM). All of the water phases of the ethanol extracts elicited an endothelium-dependent acute relaxation, and the water phase of MxDw11 (EC50 values: 1.08 mg/mL, P < 0.05) had the highest activity. MxDw11-induced acute relaxation was abolished by pretreatment with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (10 microM), methylene blue (1.0 microM), or atropine (0.1 microM), indicating that the response to MxDw involves the enhancement of the nitric oxide-cGMP system. On the other hand, all of the butanol phases showed an endothelium-independent long-term relaxation, and MxBt11 (85 +/- 7% relaxation of NE-preconstricted active tone at 20 min after the addition, P < 0.05) displayed the highest activity. MxBt11-induced gradual relaxation was significantly attenuated by an inward rectifier potassium-channel inhibitor, but not by an ATP-sensitive or a large conductance Ca2+-activated potassium-channel blocker. Calcium concentration-dependent contraction curves in high-potassium, depolarizing medium were shifted significantly to the right and downward after incubation with MxBt11 (0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 mg/mL), implying that MxBt11 is also involved in the inhibition of extracellular calcium influx to vascular smooth muscle. MxEx11 (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced systolic blood pressure of SHRs at 3, 5, and 7 h after oral administration, but this effect was not induced by Ligusticum wallichii or Angelica gigas alone. CONCLUSIONS The combination of Ligusticum wallichii and Angelica gigas elicits a synergistic effect on vasorelaxation in isolated rat aortas and antihypertension in SHRs. The ratio of Ligusticum wallichii: Angelica gigas = 1:1 was the most effective of all combinations tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Kim
- Food Function Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
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McNeill JR, Jurgens TM. A systematic review of mechanisms by which natural products of plant origin evoke vasodilatation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 84:803-21. [PMID: 17111026 DOI: 10.1139/y06-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the body of work aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of action by which natural products of plant origin exert a vasodilatory effect at the level of the vasculature. The search was restricted to 4 mechanisms: the nitric oxide system and (or) reactive oxygen species, the eicosanoid system, potassium channel function, and calcium channel function. The National Library of Medicine database was searched using "PubMed" without restriction to language. The search generated 266 references on 15 November 2005. Most studies were in vitro in nature and of these, most involved studies in the rat aorta. Many of the natural products evoked vasodilatation through an endothelium-dependent mechanism. The vasodilatation was attenuated or abolished by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and, in some of these studies, by an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. A few studies reported a cyclooxygenase component, but most found no effect of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin. The vasorelaxation evoked by several natural products was attenuated by various potassium channel blocking agents, suggesting that some natural products exerted their effect either directly or indirectly through activation of potassium channels. Finally, a significant number of natural products evoked vasodilatation either through blockade of calcium channels or by inhibiting the release of calcium from intracellular stores. Many natural products evoked vasodilatation through multiple mechanisms. The information in this review on mechanisms of action should facilitate good clinical practice by increasing the predictive capabilities of the practitioner, notably the ability to predict adverse effects and interactions among medications. The knowledge should also help to provide leads to the ultimate goal of developing new therapeutic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robert McNeill
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3J5, Canada
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