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Xie Y, Su Y, Liao Z, Liang X, Hua J, Zhang D, Hu D, Yu Q. ent-Kaurane-Type Diterpenes Induce ROS-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis by Suppress the Homologous Recombination DNA Repair in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300670. [PMID: 37448115 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Six ent-kaurane-type diterpenes were isolated from the roots of Isodon ternifolia. Previous studies have shown that compounds 1 and 2 exhibited cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, A549, and HCT116), but its molecular mechanism has not been studied yet. In the present study, the inhibited proliferation of compounds 1 and 2 of two triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines (4T1 and MDA-MB-231) have been demonstrated by MTT and colony formation assay. Flow cytometry, western blotting, and qPCR were used to further demonstrate the apoptosis process in TNBCs. Importantly, the following mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decrease during apoptosis was demonstrated to correlate to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In addition, DNA damage induced by compounds 1 and 2 was illustrated by detect of homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair genes and proteins expression, such as RAD51. These results indicated that compounds 1 and 2 could trigger the TNBCs apoptosis mediated by ROS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by down regulating HR DNA repair. Furthermore, this research reveals that the mechanism between mitochondria dysfunction and DNA damage is deserved to be investigated for elucidating the dynamic signal transduction between the nucleus and the cellular matrix during apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yifan Su
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zirou Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinran Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing Hua
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dexuan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
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2
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Zandona A, Madunić J, Miš K, Maraković N, Dubois-Geoffroy P, Cavaco M, Mišetić P, Padovan J, Castanho M, Jean L, Renard PY, Pirkmajer S, Neves V, Katalinić M. Biological response and cell death signaling pathways modulated by tetrahydroisoquinoline-based aldoximes in human cells. Toxicology 2023:153588. [PMID: 37419273 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The uncharged 3-hydroxy-2-pyridine aldoximes with protonatable tertiary amines are studied as antidotes in toxic organophosphates (OP) poisoning. Due to some of their specific structural features, we hypothesize that these compounds could exert diverse biological activity beyond their main scope of application. To examine this further, we performed an extensive cell-based assessment to determine their effects on human cells (SH-SY5Y, HEK293, HepG2, HK-2, myoblasts and myotubes) and possible mechanism of action. As our results indicated, aldoxime having a piperidine moiety did not induce significant toxicity up to 300µM within 24hours, while those with a tetrahydroisoquinoline moiety, in the same concentration range, showed time-dependent effects and stimulated mitochondria-mediated activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway through ERK1/2 and p38-MAPK signaling and subsequent activation of initiator caspase 9 and executive caspase 3 accompanied with DNA damage as observed already after 4hour exposure. Mitochondria and fatty acid metabolism were also likely targets of 3-hydroxy-2-pyridine aldoximes with tetrahydroisoquinoline moiety, due to increased phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. In silico analysis predicted kinases as their most probable target class, while pharmacophores modeling additionally predicted the inhibition of a cytochrome P450cam. Overall, if the absence of significant toxicity for piperidine bearing aldoxime highlights the potential of its further studies in medical counter-measures, the observed biological activity of aldoximes with tetrahydroisoquinoline moiety could be indicative for future design of compounds either in a negative context in OP antidotes design, or in a positive one for design of compounds for the treatment of other phenomena like cell proliferating malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Zandona
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, POB 291, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Josip Madunić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, POB 291, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Katarina Miš
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nikola Maraković
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, POB 291, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Marco Cavaco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | | | | | - Miguel Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ludovic Jean
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, CiTCoM (UMR 8038), F-75006, Paris, France.
| | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Sergej Pirkmajer
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Vera Neves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maja Katalinić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, POB 291, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Caracasine acid, an ent-3,4-seco-kaurene, promotes apoptosis and cell differentiation through NFkB signal pathway inhibition in leukemia cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 862:172624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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4
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Asakawa Y, Ludwiczuk A. Chemical Constituents of Bryophytes: Structures and Biological Activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:641-660. [PMID: 29019405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Comparatively little attention has been paid to the bryophytes for use in the human diet or medicine in spite of the presence of 23 000 species globally. Several hundred new compounds have been isolated from the liverworts (Marchantiophyta), and more than 40 new carbon skeletons of terpenoids and aromatic compounds were found. Most of the liverworts studied elaborate characteristic odiferous, pungent, and bitter-tasting compounds, of which many show antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, allergic contact dermatitis, cytotoxic, insecticidal, anti-HIV, plant growth regulatory, neurotrophic, NO production and superoxide anion radical release inhibitory, muscle relaxing, antiobesity, piscicidal, and nematocidal activities. The biological effects ascribed to the liverworts are mainly due to lipophilic sesqui- and diterpenoids, phenolic compounds, and polyketides, which are the principal constituents of their oil bodies. Some mosses and liverworts produce significant levels of vitamin B2 and tocopherols, as well as prostaglandin-like highly unsaturated fatty acids. The most characteristic chemical phenomenon of the liverworts is that most of the sesqui- and diterpenoids are enantiomers of those found in higher plants. In this review, the chemical constituents and potential medicinal uses of bryophytes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Asakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tokushima Bunri University , Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514 , Japan
| | - Agnieszka Ludwiczuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit , Medical University of Lublin , 20-093 Lublin , Poland
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Asakawa Y, Nagashima F, Hashimoto T, Toyota M, Ludwiczuk A, Komala I, Ito T, Yagi Y. Pungent and Bitter, Cytotoxic and Antiviral Terpenoids from Some Bryophytes and Inedible Fungi. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most liverworts elaborate characteristic odiferous, pungent and bitter tasting compounds many of which show antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, allergenic contact dermatitis, cytotoxic, insecticidal, anti-HIV, superoxide anion radical release, plant growth regulatory, neurotrophic, NO production inhibitory, muscle relaxant, antiobesity, piscicidal and nematocidal activities. Several inedible mushrooms produce female spider pheromones, strong antioxidant, and cytotoxic compounds. The present paper is concerned with the extraction and isolation of terpenoids from some bryophytes and inedible fungi and their pungent and bitter taste, and cytotoxic and antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Asakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Nagashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hashimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Masao Toyota
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Agnieszka Ludwiczuk
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Ismiarni Komala
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Takuya Ito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yagi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
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Asakawa Y, Ludwiczuk A, Nagashima F. Phytochemical and biological studies of bryophytes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 91:52-80. [PMID: 22652242 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The bryophytes contain the Marchantiophyta (liverworts), Bryophyta (mosses) and Anthocerotophyta (hornworts). Of these, the Marchantiophyta have a cellular oil body which produce a number of mono-, sesqui- and di-terpenoids, aromatic compounds like bibenzyl, bis-bibenzyls and acetogenins. Most sesqui- and di-terpenoids obtained from liverworts are enantiomers of those found in higher plants. Many of these compounds display a characteristic odor, and can have interesting biological activities. These include: allergenic contact dermatitis, antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral, cytotoxic, insecticidal, insect antifeedant, superoxide anion radical release, 5-lipoxygenase, calmodulin, hyaluronidase, cyclooxygenase, DNA polymerase β, and α-glucosidase and NO production inhibitory, antioxidant, piscicidal, neurotrophic and muscle relaxing activities among others. Each liverwort biosynthesizes unique components, which are valuable for their chemotaxonomic classification. Typical chemical structures and biological activity of the selected liverwort constituents as well as the hemi- and total synthesis of some biologically active compounds are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Asakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan.
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8
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Study on the immunomodulation effect of Isodon japonicus extract via splenocyte function and NK anti-tumor activity. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:4880-4888. [PMID: 22606016 PMCID: PMC3344252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13044880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we investigated the potential immune-enhancing activity of Isodon japonicus on murine splenocyte and natural-killer (NK) cells in vitro. The ethanol extract of I. japonicus significantly enhanced the proliferation of splenocyte and induced the significant enhancement of NK cells' activity against tumor cells (YAC-1). In addition, I. japonicus increased the production of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, suggesting that the increase in NK cell cytotoxicity could be due to the enhancement of the NK cell production of both cytokines. Taken together, I. japonicus extract inhibited the growth of human leukemia cells (K562) by 74%. Our observation indicated that the anti-tumor effects of I. japonicus may be attributed to its ability to serve as a stimulant of NK anti-tumor activity. In addition, our results support the development of functional food studies on I. japonicus.
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Morales A, Alvarez A, Arvelo F, Suárez AI, Compagnone RS, Galindo-Castro I. The natural diterpene ent-16β-17α-dihydroxykaurane down-regulates Bcl-2 by disruption of the Ap-2α/Rb transcription activating complex and induces E2F1 up-regulation in MCF-7 cells. Apoptosis 2012; 16:1245-52. [PMID: 21850486 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
ent-Kauranes are diterpene-type compounds commonly found in most plant species, especially from the Euphorbiaceae family. These compounds have been studied due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. Regulation of apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is commonly bypassed by tumoral cells, giving rise to uncontrolled proliferating cells, which eventually become carcinogenic. In a previous work, we showed that both mRNA and protein expression levels of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 are reduced in MCF-7 cancer cells by the effect of the natural diterpene ent-16β-17α-dihydroxykaurane (DHK). This effect was not directly associated with the inactivation of NF-κB, as has been shown with other diterpenes compounds. Herein, we report that DHK is dissociating the Ap2α-Rb activating complex, affecting its binding ability for the Bcl-2 gene promoter. These events down-regulate Bcl-2 and is temporally accompanied by the induction of E2F1 and its target pro-apoptotic gene Puma. Disruption of the Rb-Ap2α activation complex was corroborated by chromatin immunoprecipitation and protein immunolocalization, which also revealed that Ap2α sorts out from the nucleus and relocalizes in the cell periphery. Taken together, our study confirms the regulation of Bcl-2 gene transcription by the Ap2α-Rb complex and describes a singular protein relocalization for Ap2α induced by DHK, implicating a new potential therapeutic target to differentially onset apoptosis in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Morales
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Proteómica, Fundación IDEA, Caracas, Venezuela
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10
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Ding L, Zhou Q, Wang L, Wang W, Zhang S, Liu B. Comparison of cytotoxicity and DNA damage potential induced by ent-kaurene diterpenoids from Isodon plant. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:1402-11. [PMID: 19606380 DOI: 10.1080/14786410802267734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of six ent-kaurene diterpenoids isolated from the leaves of Isodon japonica (Burm.f.) Hara var. galaucocalyx (maxin) Hara was evaluated against three human tumour HepG2, GLC-82 and HL-60 cell lines through SRB assay, and their DNA damage potential (against HepG2 cell line) was assessed by comet assay. Among the six ent-kaurene diterpenoids, Rabdosin B was most cytotoxic, followed by Oridonin, Epinodosin, Rabdosinate, Lasiokaurin and Epinodosinol. All of the six ent-kaurene diterpenoids induced significant DNA damage (p < 0.05) to HepG2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner except Lasiokaurin and Eponodosinol at 6 µmol L⁻¹ for 24 h. The structure-activity relationships (SARs) were discussed and it was found that exo-methylene cyclopentanone in the molecular structure was important for maintaining the cytotoxicity and DNA damage potential of the compounds.-OAc group at site C-1 in Lasiokaurin had a higher stereospecific blockade, which made the compound have less cytotoxicity and DNA damage potential than Oridonin (-OH at C-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, P.R. China.
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11
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Wang T, Wu YF, Ding L, Chen Z. A combined experimental and theoretical study on weisiensin B with cytotoxicity. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Cavalcanti BC, Ferreira JRO, Moura DJ, Rosa RM, Furtado GV, Burbano RR, Silveira ER, Lima MAS, Camara CAG, Saffi J, Henriques JAP, Rao VSN, Costa-Lotufo LV, Moraes MO, Pessoa C. Structure-mutagenicity relationship of kaurenoic acid from Xylopia sericeae (Annonaceae). Mutat Res 2010; 701:153-63. [PMID: 20599626 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kaurane diterpenes are considered important compounds in the development of new highly effective anticancer chemotherapeutic agents. Genotoxic effects of anticancer drugs in non-tumour cells are of special significance due to the possibility that they induce secondary tumours in cancer patients. In this context, we evaluated the genotoxic and mutagenic potential of the natural diterpenoid kaurenoic acid (KA), i.e. (-)-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, isolated from Xylopia sericeae St. Hill, using several standard in vitro and in vivo protocols (comet, chromosomal aberration, micronucleus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae assays). Also, an analysis of structure-activity relationships was performed with two natural diterpenoid compounds, 14-hydroxy-kaurane (1) and xylopic acid (2), isolated from X. sericeae, and three semi-synthetic derivatives of KA (3-5). In addition, considering the importance of the exocyclic double bond (C16) moiety as an active pharmacophore of KA cytotoxicity, we also evaluated the hydrogenated derivative of KA, (-)-kauran-19-oic acid (KAH), to determine the role of the exocyclic bond (C16) in the genotoxic activity of KA. In summary, the present study shows that KA is genotoxic and mutagenic in human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), yeast (S. cerevisiae) and mice (bone marrow, liver and kidney) probably due to the generation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and/or inhibition of topoisomerase I. Unlike KA, compounds 1-5 and KAH are completely devoid of genotoxic and mutagenic effects under the experimental conditions used in this study, suggesting that the exocyclic double bond (C16) moiety may be the active pharmacophore of the genetic toxicity of KA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), CEP: 60430-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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13
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Structure–activity relationships of eight ent-kaurene diterpenoids from three Isodon plants. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-010-0144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Ravikumar YS, Mahadevan KM, Manjunatha H, Satyanarayana ND. Antiproliferative, apoptotic and antimutagenic activity of isolated compounds from Polyalthia cerasoides seeds. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:513-518. [PMID: 19879119 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the petroleum ether extract fraction of Polyalthia cerasoides seeds led to the isolation of two phytosterols (alpha-spinasterol and spinasterol) and a clerodane di-terpenoid. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using IR, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR and Mass spectral analysis. Further, these compounds were tested for antiproliferative action against CACO-2 cell line and apoptotic action was determined by nuclear staining and DNA fragmentation analysis. The results showed that the compounds exhibited antiproliferative action at various concentrations with an IC(50) value of 28.6+/-4.34nM/ml, 57.7+/-6.81nM/ml and 60.0+/-7.10nM/ml for clerodane diterpenoid, spinasterol and alpha-Spinasterol respectively. Furthermore, the isolated compounds were screened for antimutagenic effect against methylmethane sulfonate (MMS) induced mutation. Phytosterols showed protective effect, whereas clerodane diterpenoid was less effective to MMS induced chromosomal aberrations. Our research contributes to the characterization of phytochemical constituents and to understand the ability of these compounds to antiproliferative and antimutagenic responses from the seed extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Ravikumar
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577 451, Karnataka, India
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Abdel-Mageed WM, Ebel R, Valeriote FA, Jaspars M. Laurefurenynes A–F, new Cyclic Ether Acetogenins from a Marine Red Alga, Laurencia sp. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Ban JO, Oh JH, Hwang BY, Moon DC, Jeong HS, Lee S, Kim S, Lee H, Kim KB, Han SB, Hong JT. Inflexinol inhibits colon cancer cell growth through inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB activity via direct interaction with p50. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:1613-24. [PMID: 19509257 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Kaurane diterpene compounds have been known to be cytotoxic against several cancer cells through inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity. Here, we showed that inflexinol, a novel kaurane diterpene compound, inhibited the activity of NF-kappaB and its target gene expression as well as cancer cell growth through induction of apoptotic cell death in vitro and in vivo. These inhibitory effects on NF-kappaB activity and on cancer cell growth were suppressed by the reducing agents DTT and glutathione and were abrogated in the cells transfected with mutant p50 (C62S). Sol-gel biochip and surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that inflexinol binds to the p50 subunit of NF-kappaB. These results suggest that inflexinol inhibits colon cancer cell growth via induction of apoptotic cell death through inactivation of NF-kappaB by a direct modification of cysteine residue in the p50 subunit of NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ok Ban
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 48 Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheonju, Korea
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Asakawa Y, Ludwiczuk A, Nagashima F, Toyota M, Hashimoto T, Tori M, Fukuyama Y, Harinantenaina L. Bryophytes: Bio- and Chemical Diversity, Bioactivity and Chemosystematics. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-08-sr(f)3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ding L, Qi L, Jing H, Li J, Wang W, Wang T. Phytotoxic effects of leukamenin E (an ent-kaurene diterpenoid) on root growth and root hair development in Lactuca sativa L. seedlings. J Chem Ecol 2008; 34:1492-500. [PMID: 18937011 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-008-9556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Leukamenin E, an ent-kaurene diterpenoid isolated from Isodon racemosa (Hemsl) Hara, showed phytotoxic effects on root growth and root hair development of lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.). Lower concentrations (10 microM) of leukamenin E did not affect root growth, but at concentrations higher than 50 microM, the rate was inhibited. The influence of leukamenin E on root growth rate was closely correlated with alterations in the mitotic index. A low incidence of aberrant mitosis image was observed when lettuce roots were treated with higher concentrations (100 and 200 microM) of leukamenin E. This suggests that inhibition of root growth may be due to inhibition of cell division. All tested concentrations of the diterpenoid (10 microM or more) inhibited root hair development in a dose-dependent manner. At a concentration of 80 microM, leukamenin E completely blocked root hair initiation. Application of Ag(+)-an ethylene action inhibitor-to lettuce seedlings inhibited root hair elongation similar to the diterpenoid. Enhanced root hair length was stimulated by exogenous ethephon-an ethylene-releasing agent-and could be reversed by addition of leukamenin E. This suggests that leukamenin E may act as a potential ethylene action antagonist in the inhibition of lettuce root hair development. We conclude that leukamenin E may curb root hair development by interfering with ethylene action at concentrations above 10 microM and inhibits root growth via inhibition of cell division at concentrations above 50 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Abstract
The Marchantiophyta (liverworts) produce a number of terpenoids, aromatic compounds and acetogenins, several of which show interesting biological properties, such as antimicrobial, antifungal, allergenic contact dermatitis, insecticide, insect antifeedant, cytotoxic, piscicidal, muscle relaxing, plant growth regulatory, anti-HIV and DNA polymerase β inhibitory, anti-obesity and neurotrophic activities. The isolation and chemical structures of the active compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Asakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
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de las Heras B, Hortelano S, Girón N, Bermejo P, Rodríguez B, Boscá L. Kaurane diterpenes protect against apoptosis and inhibition of phagocytosis in activated macrophages. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 152:249-55. [PMID: 17618303 PMCID: PMC1978262 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The kaurane diterpenes foliol and linearol are inhibitors of the activation of nuclear factor kappaB, a transcription factor involved in the inflammatory response. Effects of these diterpenes on apoptosis and phagocytosis have been analysed in cultured peritoneal macrophages and in the mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Macrophages were maintained in culture and activated with pro-inflammatory stimuli in the absence or presence of diterpenes. Apoptosis and the phagocytosis in these cells under these conditions were determined. KEY RESULTS Incubation of macrophages with a mixture of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) induced apoptosis through a NO-dependent pathway, an effect significantly inhibited by foliol and linearol in the low muM range, without cytotoxic effects. Apoptosis in macrophages induced by NO donors was also inhibited. The diterpenes prevented apoptosis through a mechanism compatible with the inhibition of caspase-3 activation, release of cytochrome c to the cytosol and p53 overexpression, as well as an alteration in the levels of proteins of the Bcl-2 family, in particular, the levels of Bax. Cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, a well-established caspase substrate, was reduced by these diterpenes. Treatment of cells with foliol and linearol decreased phagocytosis of zymosan bioparticles by RAW 264.7 cells and to a greater extent by peritoneal macrophages. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Both diterpenes protected macrophages from apoptosis and inhibited phagocytosis, resulting in a paradoxical control of macrophage function, as viability was prolonged but inflammatory and phagocytic functions were impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- B de las Heras
- Departamento de Farmacología Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Spain
| | - S Hortelano
- CNIC, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3 Madrid, Spain
| | - N Girón
- Departamento de Farmacología Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Spain
| | - P Bermejo
- Departamento de Farmacología Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Spain
| | - B Rodríguez
- Instituto de Química Orgánica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Boscá
- CNIC, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4 Madrid, Spain
- Author for correspondence:
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Weng ZY, Huang SX, Li ML, Zeng YQ, Han QB, Rios JL, Sun HD. Isolation of two bioactive ent-kauranoids from the leaves of Isodon xerophilus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:6039-43. [PMID: 17595108 DOI: 10.1021/jf070734w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Isodon xerophilus has been used as a herbal cold tea for the prevention and treatment of sore throat and inflammation in southernwestern China. A phytochemical study on the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) soluble fraction of I. xerophilus leaves led to the isolation of two new ent-kauranoids, xerophinoids A (1) and B (2), together with 14 known diterpenoids. The structures of xerophinoids A (1) and B (2) were illustrated using spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR analyses. To study their biological activities, the effects of xerophinoids A (1) and B (2) on nitrite production, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta were examined. In addition, xerophinoids A (1) and B (2) also exhibited potent cytotoxicity against several human tumor cell lines (IC50 < 11 microM), but they had no toxicity on human T-lymphocyte (C8166).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ying Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, People's Republic of China
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Kim S, Na M, Oh H, Jang J, Sohn CB, Kim BY, Oh WK, Ahn JS. PTP1B inhibitory activity of kaurane diterpenes isolated from Siegesbeckia glabrescens. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2007; 21:379-83. [PMID: 17059169 DOI: 10.1080/14756360600741560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is considered as a therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. In our preliminary screening study, a MeOH extract of the aerial part of Siegesbeckia glabrescens was found to inhibit PTP1B activity at 30 microg/mL. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two active diterpenes, ent-16betaH, 17-isobutyryloxy-kauran-19-oic acid (1) and ent-16betaH, 17-acetoxy-18-isobutyryloxy-kauran-19-oic acid (2), along with ent- 16betaH, 17-hydroxykauran-19-oic acid (3). Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited the PTP1B activity with IC50 values of 8.7 +/- 0.9 and 30.6 +/- 2.1 microM, respectively. Kinetic studies suggest that both 1 and 2 are non-competitive inhibitors of PTP1B. However, compound 3 substituted with a hydroxyl group at C-17 in kaurane-type showed no inhibitory effects towards PTP1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Eoun-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333 Korea, South Korea
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Abstract
Liverworts produce a great variety of lipophilic terpenoids, aromatic compounds, and acetogenins. Many of these constituents have characteristic scents, pungency, and bitterness, and display a quite extraordinary array of bioactivities and medicinal properties. These expressions of biological activity are summarized and discussed, and examples are given of the potential of certain lead compounds for structure-activity studies and synthesis.
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Gamero-Pasadas A, Viera Alcaide I, Rios JJ, Graciani Constante E, Vicario IM, León-Camacho M. Characterization and quantification of the hydrocarbons fraction of the subcutaneous fresh fat of Iberian pig by off-line combination of high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1123:82-91. [PMID: 16714024 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Revised: 04/25/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrocarbons in fresh subcutaneous fat of Iberian pig have been analyzed by GC-MS after fractionation of the unsaponifiable fraction with a new off-line combination of HPLC and GC method. The new method proposed improves the recovery and simultaneous quantification of terpenic hydrocarbons in comparison to the traditional LC method. When necessary and for identification purposes, selective ion monitoring (SIM) was used as acquisition mode in GC-MS. To determine the position of the double bonds in the unsaturated hydrocarbon chain the dimethyl disulfide derivatives (DMDS) were obtained. To elucidate the structure of the branched 1-alkenes the hydrocarbon fraction was submitted to hydrogenation. Thirty-five compounds have been identified, including n-alkanes, n-alkenes, branched (n-1,n-2-dimethyl-1-alkenes) and terpenic hydrocarbons, being the most abundant n-alkenes and n-alkanes of even chain of n-C12-n-C26. Besides the hydrocarbons already described in bibliography, a new diterpenic hydrocarbon, ent-kaurene, have been identified for the first time. The compound reported as Neophytadiene by other authors, has been identified as a 20 atoms hydrocarbon with two double bonds, the 7,11,15-trimethyl-heptadeca-1,4-diene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gamero-Pasadas
- Department of Analysis, Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Av. Padre García Tejero, 4 41012 Seville, Spain
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Nagashima F, Kondoh M, Fujii M, Takaoka S, Watanabe Y, Asakawa Y. Novel cytotoxic kaurane-type diterpenoids from the New Zealand Liverwort Jungermannia species. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9QJ, UK
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