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Laryea MK, Boadu Ampomah G, Ekuadzi E, Dickson RA, Borquaye LS. Antimalarial compounds from the climbing stems of salacia debilis. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:4034-4043. [PMID: 37867307 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2272288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Salacia debilis Walp., (Celastraceae) is used traditionally in West Africa for the treatment of malaria. However, no scientific reports validating these effects and its active constituents are on record. Therefore, this study is aimed at evaluating the antimalarial effects, of its ethanolic extract and isolated compounds against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 and P. berghei ANKA strains. Using chromatographic, spectrometric and spectroscopic techniques three compounds were isolated and characterised. The extract of S. debilis was active against P. falciparum 3D7, in an in vitro assay with IC50 of 12.0 ± 0.32 µg/ml. The three isolated compounds, namely 1,10-dihydroxy-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one (1), 8- hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxydibenzo[b,d]furan-1-carboxylic acid (2) and benzyl-2-methoxybenzoate (3), also showed antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain in curative and suppressive in vivo assays. The ethanolic extract and isolated compounds of S. debilis possess antimalarial effects. The isolated compounds may be responsible, at least in part, for the observed activities of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Konney Laryea
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Gilbert Boadu Ampomah
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Edmund Ekuadzi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Rita Akosua Dickson
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lawrence Sheringham Borquaye
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Central Laboratory, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Antidiabetic Activity of Widely Used Medicinal Plants in the Sri Lankan Traditional Healthcare System: New Insight to Medicinal Flora in Sri Lanka. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6644004. [PMID: 33628307 PMCID: PMC7886531 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6644004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of medicinal plant extracts and their isolated bioactive compounds for the management of diabetes mellitus has been tremendously increased in recent decades. The present study aimed at providing in-depth information on medicinal flora that has been widely used in the Sri Lankan traditional healthcare system for the management of diabetes mellitus. The data of this review article were obtained from published articles from January 2000 to September 2020 in scientific databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. In this review, a total number of 18 medicinal plants with the antidiabetic activity were expressed, and their isolated antidiabetic active compounds were highlighted as new drug leads. Results of the reported studies revealed that medicinal plants exert a potent antidiabetic activity via both in vitro and in vivo study settings. However, bioactive compounds and antidiabetic mechanism (s) of action of many of the reported medicinal plants have not been isolated/elucidated the structure in detail, to date. Reported antidiabetic medicinal plants with other properties such as antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activities deliver new entities for the development of antidiabetic agents with multiple therapeutic targets. This is a comprehensive review on potential antidiabetic activities of the Sri Lankan medicinal plants that have been widely used in the traditional healthcare system. The information presented here would fill the gap between the use of them by traditional healers in the traditional medicine healthcare system in Sri Lanka and their potency for development of new drug entities in future.
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Bagri P, Chester K, Khan W, Ahmad S. Aspects of extraction and biological evaluation of naturally occurring sugar-mimicking sulfonium-ion and their synthetic analogues as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors from Salacia: a review. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02955a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of the selective inhibitory activities of sulfonium compounds ofSalaciaagainst intestinal α-glucosidases, structural features important for effective inhibition and the toggling approach for controlling starch digestion and glucose release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bagri
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
- Jamia Hamdard
- New Delhi
| | | | - Washim Khan
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
- Jamia Hamdard
- New Delhi
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
- Jamia Hamdard
- New Delhi
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Stohs SJ, Ray S. Anti-diabetic and Anti-hyperlipidemic Effects and Safety of Salacia reticulata and Related Species. Phytother Res 2015; 29:986-95. [PMID: 26031882 PMCID: PMC5033029 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracts of Salacia reticulata Wight (Hypocrataceae) roots, stems, and leaves have been used in Asia for hundreds of years for the folkloric treatment of diabetes and other health problems. Constituents that have been identified as exhibiting anti-diabetic effects include salacinol, kotalanol, ponkorinol, salaprinol, and their corresponding de-0-sulfonated compounds. Mangiferin, kotalagenin 16-acetate and various proanthocyanidin oligomers have also been isolated. Studies indicate that Salacia extracts modulate multiple targets that influence carbohydrate and lipid metabolism including α-glucosidase, aldose reductase, pancreatic lipase, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-α, glucose transporter-4 mediated glucose uptake, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Furthermore, Salacia extracts exhibit free radical scavenging, antioxidant and hepatoprotectant activities. In human studies, Salacia extracts have been shown to decrease plasma glucose and insulin levels, decrease HbA1c, and modulate serum lipid levels with no adverse effects being reported. Similar results have been demonstrated in rat and mouse models as well as in vitro systems. Safety of S. reticulata and other Salacia species as S. oblonga and S. chinensis in rats and mice indicate that extracts are exceedingly safe. No clinical studies have examined the effects of Salacia extracts on human weight loss, although weight loss and decreases in weight gain have been demonstrated in animal models. Because of the large number of pharmacologically active compounds, it is difficult to establish standards for extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sidhartha Ray
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manchester University College of Pharmacy, Fort Wayne, IN, 46845, USA
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Dhanabal SP, Mohan Marugaraja MK, Suresh B. Antidiabetic Activity of Clerodendron phlomoidis Leaf Extract in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 70:841-4. [PMID: 21369460 PMCID: PMC3040893 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.49141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Revised: 06/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol extract of leaves of Clerodendron phlomoidis L. subjected to preliminary qualitative phytochemical investigations showed the presence of alkaloids, phytosterols, glycosides, saponins, phenolic compounds, proteins and flavonoids. The extract was screened for hypoglycemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats (120 mg/kg, i.p.) at two dose levels, viz., 100 and 200 mg/kg. The ethanol extract at 200 mg/kg dose level exhibited significant (p<0.05) hypoglycemic activity and also correction of altered biochemical parameters viz., cholesterol and triglycerides (p<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Dhanabal
- Department of Phytopharmacy and Phytomedicine (TIFAC CORE), JSS College of Pharmacy, Rocklands, Ootacamund-643 001, India
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Sefi M, Fetoui H, Makni M, Zeghal N. Mitigating effects of antioxidant properties of Artemisia campestris leaf extract on hyperlipidemia, advanced glycation end products and oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:1986-93. [PMID: 20457207 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia campestris is used as antivenom and anti-inflammatory Tunisian folk medicine. Recently, increased oxidative stress was shown to play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complications. This study was designed to examine the effects of A. campestris leaf aqueous extract (Ac) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats by measuring glycemia, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation (MDA), protein carbonyl content (PCO), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), activities of both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. Results of our study showed an increase in blood glucose levels, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) level and disturbed antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, SOD, GPx) in the pancreatic tissue of diabetic rats. Furthermore, MDA, PCO and AOPP were elevated in the pancreas of the diabetic rats. The administration of Ac to diabetic rats at a dose of 200mgkg(-1)bw resulted in a significant reduction in glycemia, TC, TG, LDL-c, pancreas LPO, PCO and AOPP levels, CAT and GPx activities associated with an elevation of GSH content and SOD activity in comparison with diabetic group. We conclude that A. campestris aqueous extract may be effective for correcting hyperglycemia and preventing diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mediha Sefi
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
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Salacia root, a unique Ayurvedic medicine, meets multiple targets in diabetes and obesity. Life Sci 2008; 82:1045-9. [PMID: 18433791 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In many traditional schools of medicine it is claimed that a balanced modulation of several targets can provide a superior therapeutic effect and decrease in side effect profile compared to a single action from a single selective ligand, especially in the treatment of certain chronic and complex diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. Diabetes and obesity have a multi-factorial basis involving both genetic and environmental risk factors. A wide array of medicinal plants and their active constituents play a role in the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Salacia roots have been used in Ayurvedic medicine for diabetes and obesity since antiquity, and have been extensively consumed in Japan, the United States and other countries as a food supplement for the prevention of obesity and diabetes. Recent pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Salacia roots modulate multiple targets: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-mediated lipogenic gene transcription, angiotensin II/angiotensin II type 1 receptor, alpha-glucosidase, aldose reductase and pancreatic lipase. These multi-target actions may mainly contribute to Salacia root-induced improvement of type 2 diabetes and obesity-associated hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and related cardiovascular complications seen in humans and rodents. The results of bioassay-guided identification indicate that mangiferin, salacinol, kotalanol and kotalagenin 16-acetate are at least in part responsible for these multi-target regulatory activities of Salacia roots. The evidence suggests that this unique traditional medicine fulfills a multiple-target strategy in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and obesity. Although toxicological studies have suggested minimal adverse effects of the herbal medicine in rodents, a clinical trial is crucial to further confirm the safety of Salacia roots. In addition, further mechanistic studies are necessary in order to allow a better understanding of how use of Salacia root may interact with other therapeutic interventions.
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An aqueous extract of Salacia oblonga root, a herb-derived peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activator, by oral gavage over 28 days induces gender-dependent hepatic hypertrophy in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:2165-72. [PMID: 18397819 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Revised: 01/20/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha by natural and synthetic chemicals induces hepatic hypertrophy. An aqueous extract of Salacia oblonga root (SOW) is an Ayurvedic medicine with anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties. In the present study, it was found that SOW (100, 300 and 900mg/kg, once daily by oral gavage over a 28 day period) elicited dose-related increases in liver weight (LW) by 1.6%, 13.4% and 42.5%, respectively, and in the ratio of LW to body weight by 8.8%, 16.7% and 40.2%, respectively, in male rats. These effects were less pronounced in females. SOW selectively increased liver mass in male rats but Sudan red staining was not different, which indicates that hepatic lipid accumulation was similar in both genders. However, SOW even at the highest dosage did not influence serum ALT and AST activities in male or female rats. Moreover, SOW was found to activate PPAR-alpha in human hepatoma-derived HepG2 cells, as evidenced by the upregulation of PPAR-alpha and acyl-CoA oxidase mRNA expression. Thus, SOW-dependent PPAR-alpha activation may precede the development of the gender difference in hepatic hypertrophy; this process may be influenced by sex hormone status.
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Dhanabal SP, Raja MKMM, Ramanathan M, Suresh B. Hypoglycemic activity of Nymphaea stellata leaves ethanolic extract in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Fitoterapia 2007; 78:288-91. [PMID: 17498889 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2005] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ethanolic extract of leaves of Nymphaea stellata given by oral route to diabetic rats at dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day for seven days reduced significantly by 31.6 and 42.6 % the plasma glucose level increased by intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/day of alloxan. Moreover, the treatment significantly affected the plasma level of cholesterol and triglyceride.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Dhanabal
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology, J. S. S. College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, Tamilnadu, India.
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Dhanabal SP, Kokate CK, Ramanathan M, Kumar EP, Suresh B. Hypoglycaemic activity of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Phytother Res 2006; 20:4-8. [PMID: 16397913 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The antidiabetic activity of various subfractions of the alcohol extract of the bark of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. was evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The effect of these extracts on lipid profile and liver function tests were also assessed to evaluate their activity in controlling diabetes related metabolic alterations. The parameters measured were plasma glucose, total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase, SGOT and SGPT. The results indicate the effective role of Pterocarpus marsupium on the above mentioned parameters indicating that Pterocarpus marsupium can also control the diabetes related metabolic alterations apart from controlling the glucose levels. Among the fractions tested the butanol subfraction was found to be more active in comparison with other subfractions. It can be concluded that the butanol subfraction of the alcohol extract of Pterocarpus marsupium exhibits significant antidiabetic activity and corrects the metabolic alterations in diabetic rats and this activity may resemble insulin-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Dhanabal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal 506 009, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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