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Xiang ML, Hu BY, Qi ZH, Wang XN, Xie TZ, Wang ZJ, Ma DY, Zeng Q, Luo XD. Chemistry and bioactivities of natural steroidal alkaloids. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:23. [PMID: 35701630 PMCID: PMC9198197 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal alkaloids possess the basic steroidal skeleton with a nitrogen atom in rings or side chains incorporated as an integral part of the molecule. They have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities, and some of them have even been developed as therapeutic drugs, such as abiraterone acetate (Zytiga®), a blockbuster drug, which has been used for the treatment of prostate cancer. Structurally diverse natural steroidal alkaloids present a wide spectrum of biological activities, which are attractive for natural product chemistry and medicinal chemistry communities. This review comprehensively covers the structural classification, isolation and various biological activities of 697 natural steroidal alkaloids discovered from 1926 to October 2021, with 363 references being cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Heng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Yu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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MİSHRA P, MİSHRA A, BAHE AK, ROY A, DAS R. Synthesis of Isatin and its derivatives containing heterocyclic compounds. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.962260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Lukowski AL, Narayan ARH. Natural Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Ligands: Biosynthesis and Biology. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1231-1241. [PMID: 30605564 PMCID: PMC6579537 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural product biosynthetic pathways are composed of enzymes that use powerful chemistry to assemble complex molecules. Small molecule neurotoxins are examples of natural products with intricate scaffolds which often have high affinities for their biological targets. The focus of this Minireview is small molecule neurotoxins targeting voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and the state of knowledge on their associated biosynthetic pathways. There are three small molecule neurotoxin receptor sites on VGSCs associated with three different classes of molecules: guanidinium toxins, alkaloid toxins, and ladder polyethers. Each of these types of toxins have unique structural features which are assembled by biosynthetic enzymes and the extent of information known about these enzymes varies among each class. The biosynthetic enzymes involved in the formation of these toxins have the potential to become useful tools in the efficient synthesis of VGSC probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L Lukowski
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alison R H Narayan
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Rapid discovery of cyclopamine analogs from Fritillaria and Veratrum plants using LC-Q-TOF-MS and LC-QqQ-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 142:201-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Li Q, Yang KX, Zhao YL, Qin XJ, Yang XW, Liu L, Liu YP, Luo XD. Potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic steroidal alkaloids from Veratrum taliense. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:274-9. [PMID: 26743225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE "Pimacao" (the roots and rhizomes of Veratrum taliense Loes.) has been used as traditional folk medicine in Yunnan province (PR China) for the treatment of pain, swelling, and inflammation. It is the main component of the renowned traditional Chinese medicine, "Yunnan Baiyao". Previous investigations and clinical research have shown significant analgesic activity of Pimacao. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present study was to find out the compounds responsible for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity present in V. taliense. MATERIALS AND METHODS The total alkaloids were the subject of phytochemical investigation and the compounds were isolated by multiple step chromatography. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan induced paw oedema and analgesic activity was assessed using acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. RESULTS Three new steroidal alkaloids, veratralines A-C (1-3), together with five known analogs, were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of V. taliense. All the compounds had the analgesic activity and significantly decreased the number of writhes caused by acetic acid much better than Dolantin. All the alkaloids except 8, possessed anti-inflammatory activity, in which 3, 5, and 7 significantly inhibited the paw oedema caused by carrageenan compared with Indomethacin. CONCLUSION This is the first report of jervine-type alkaloids responsible for the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Pimacao. We provide scientific evidence to support that the roots and rhizomes of V. taliense are useful in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Kun-Xian Yang
- First People Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, PR China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Xing-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China.
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Aydin T, Cakir A, Kazaz C, Bayrak N, Bayir Y, Taşkesenligil Y. Insecticidal metabolites from the rhizomes of Veratrum album against adults of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Chem Biodivers 2015; 11:1192-204. [PMID: 25146763 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The dried rhizomes of Veratrum album were individually extracted with CHCl3 , acetone, and NH4 OH/benzene to test the toxic effects against the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, which is an important agricultural pest. Fifteen compounds in various amounts were isolated from the extracts using column and thin-layer chromatography. The chemical structures of 14 compounds were characterized as octacosan-1-ol (1), β-sitosterol (2), stearic acid (3), diosgenin (4), resveratrol (5), wittifuran X (6), oxyresveratrol (7), β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), diosgenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyronoside (9), oxyresveratrol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), jervine (11), pseudojervine (13), 5,6-dihydro-1-hydroxyjervine (14), and saccharose (15) using UV, IR, MS, (1) H- and (13)C-NMR, and 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods. However, the chemical structure of 12, an oligosaccharide, has not fully been elucidated. Compounds 4, 6, 9, and 10 were isolated from V. album rhizomes for the first time in the current study. The toxic effects of three extracts (acetone, CHCl3 , and NH4 OH/benzene) and six metabolites, 2, 2+4, 5, 7, 8, and 11, were evaluated against the Colorado potato beetle. The assay revealed that all three extracts, and compounds 7, 8, and 11 exhibited potent toxic effects against this pest. This is the first report on the evaluation of the toxic effects of the extracts and secondary metabolites of V. album rhizomes against L. decemlineata. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the extracts can be used as natural insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Aydin
- Agri İbrahim Cecen University, Health Services Vocational School, Department of Paramedic, TR-04100, Agri
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Kang C, Han JH, Oh J, Kulkarni R, Zhou W, Ferreira D, Jang TS, Myung CS, Na M. Steroidal Alkaloids from Veratrum nigrum Enhance Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:803-10. [PMID: 25835537 DOI: 10.1021/np501049g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Veratrum nigrum is recognized as a medicinal plant used for the treatment of hypertension, stroke, and excessive phlegm. Chemical investigation of the roots and rhizomes led to the isolation of five new steroidal alkaloids, jervine-3-yl formate (1), veramarine-3-yl formate (2), jerv-5,11-diene-3β,13β-diol (3), (1β,3β,5β)-1,3-dihydroxyjervanin-12(13)-en-11-one (4), and veratramine-3-yl acetate (5). Compounds 1 and 5 exhibited potent inhibitory activity (11.3 and 4.7 μM, respectively) against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), which has emerged as a viable target for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. On the basis of their PTP1B inhibitory activity, the compounds were evaluated for their potential to enhance glucose uptake in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. The insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was enhanced upon treatment with compounds 1 and 5 (10 μM) by 49.9 ± 6.5% and 56.0 ± 9.7%, respectively, in a more potent manner than that with the positive control rosiglitazone (47.3 ± 3.4% at 30 μM). These results suggest that steroidal alkaloids serve as practical antidiabetes mellitus leads capable of enhancing glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChuHyun Kang
- †College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hui Han
- †College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonseok Oh
- ‡Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Roshan Kulkarni
- †College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Zhou
- †College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Daneel Ferreira
- ‡Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Tae Su Jang
- §Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- †College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- †College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
This survey on steroidal alkaloids of the Veratrum and Solanum family isolated between 1974 and 2014 includes 187 compounds and 197 references. New developments in the chemistry and biology of this family of natural products with a special focus on the medicinal relevance of the jervanine alkaloid cyclopamine are discussed.
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Identification of in vitro and in vivo metabolites of 12β-hydroxylveratroylzygadenine associated with neurotoxicity by using HPLC–MS/MS. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sun Y, Chen JX, Zhou L, Su J, Li Y, Qiu MH. Three New Pregnane Alkaloids from Veratrum taliense. Helv Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Li HL, Tang J, Liu RH, Zhang C, Zhang WD. Two new flavanone glycosides from Veratrum nigrum L. Nat Prod Res 2009; 23:122-6. [DOI: 10.1080/14786410801887664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Liang Li
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Tang
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
| | - Run-Hui Liu
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
- b School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China
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An JJ, Zhou JL, Li HJ, Jiang Y, Li P. Puqienine E: an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory steroidal alkaloid from Fritillaria puqiensis. Fitoterapia 2009; 81:149-52. [PMID: 19686814 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Eight steroidal alkaloids, puqienine A, puqienine B, puqienine C, puqienine D, puqienine E, puqietinone, puqiedine and peimisine were isolated from Fritillaria puqiensis G. D. Yu et. G. Y. Chen, and their anti-hypertensive effect were assessed in vitro based on the inhibition of the purified angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) using high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The results showed that puqienine E, puqienine B and puqienine A exhibited better inhibitory activity against ACE than others, with inhibition ratios of 70.2+/-0.5%, 24.7+/-0.5% and 20.4+/-2.8%, respectively at the concentration of 200 microM. The 50% inhibiting concentration of puqienine E was determined to be 68 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing An
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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El Sayed KA, McChesney JD, Halim AF, Zaghloul AM, Lee IS. A Study of Alkaloids in Veratrum viride Aiton. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1076/phbi.34.3.161.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James D McChesney
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi,University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ahmed F Halim
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Zaghloul
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Kwang ju 500-757, Korea
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Li HL, Tang J, Liu RH, Lin M, Wang B, Lv YF, Huang HQ, Zhang C, Zhang WD. Characterization and identification of steroidal alkaloids in the Chinese herb Veratrum nigrum L. by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization with multi-stage mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:869-79. [PMID: 17294514 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization multi-stage mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) was performed to study the fragmentation behaviour of seventeen steroidal alkaloids (4 protoverine-type alkaloids, 10 germine-type alkaloids and 3 zygadenin-type alkaloids) from the Chinese herb Veratrum nigrum L. The MS(n) spectra of the [M+H](+) ions for steroidal alkaloids provided a wealth of structural information on the substituted groups. In positive ion mode, the three types of alkaloids showed very different characteristic ions: m/z 436 or 418 for protoverine-type alkaloids; m/z 438, 420 or 402 for germine-type alkaloids; m/z 440 or 422 for zygadenin-type alkaloids. These fragments were used to deduce their mass spectral fragmentation mechanisms. Furthermore, the primary compounds in methanolic extracts of the herb of Veratrum nigrum L. were investigated by using liquid chromatography (LC)/ESI-MS(n). As a result, 21 steroidal alkaloids (5 protoverine-type alkaloids, 14 germine-type alkaloids and 2 zygadenin-type alkaloids) were selectively identified from 27 determined peaks. Eleven compounds were unambiguously identified by comparing with standard compounds and ten compounds were tentatively identified or deduced according to their MS(n) data. Two of these compounds (xingangermine and deacetyl xinganveratrine) were found to be novel steroidal alkaloids. In addition, the chemical structures of two pairs of steroidal alkaloid isomers were deduced by comparing their fragment ions. Given the important structural information of known and unknown steroidal alkaloids in crude herbal extracts, this study is useful for identifying these types of steroidal alkaloids in crude materials rapidly and selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Liang Li
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Li HJ, Jiang Y, Li P. Chemistry, bioactivity and geographical diversity of steroidal alkaloids from the Liliaceae family. Nat Prod Rep 2006; 23:735-52. [PMID: 17003907 DOI: 10.1039/b609306j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Plants belonging to the Liliaceae family have been the topic of research in many phytochemical and pharmacological laboratories because they contain structurally complex and biologically fascinating steroidal alkaloids. This review, citing 153 references, summarises the chemistry, bioactivity and geographical diversity of steroidal alkaloids isolated from Veratrum and Fritillaria species, so as to illustrate the chemo-diversity and biological significance of these alkaloids, along with their geographical distribution where this is discernible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, and Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210038, China
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Lead compounds and drug candidates from some Turkish plants for human health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-557x(05)02019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Gilani AH, Aftab K, Saeed SA, Ali RA, Rahman AU. O-Acetyljervine: A new β-adrenoceptor agonist fromVeratrum album. Arch Pharm Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02979146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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