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Chemistry and Biological Activities of Naturally Occurring and Structurally Modified Podophyllotoxins. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010302. [PMID: 36615496 PMCID: PMC9822336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants containing podophyllotoxin and its analogues have been used as folk medicines for centuries. The characteristic chemical structures and strong biological activities of this class of compounds attracted attention worldwide. Currently, more than ninety natural podophyllotoxins were isolated, and structure modifications of these molecules were performed to afford a variety of derivatives, which offered optimized anti-tumor activity. This review summarized up to date reports on natural occurring podophyllotoxins and their sources, structural modification and biological activities. Special attention was paid to both structural modification and optimized antitumor activity. It was noteworthy that etoposide, a derivative of podophyllotoxin, could prevent cytokine storm caused by the recent SARS-CoV-2 viral infection.
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Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Antiproliferative Activity of Butanolides and Lignan Glycosides from the Fruit of Hernandia nymphaeifolia. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24214005. [PMID: 31694283 PMCID: PMC6864620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24214005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven new butanolides, peltanolides A–G (1–7), and two lignan glucosides, peltasides A (8) and B (9), along with eleven known compounds, 10–20, were isolated from a crude CH3OH/CH2Cl2 (1:1) extract of the fruit of Hernandia nymphaeifolia (Hernandiaceae). The structures of 1–9 were characterized by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and HRMS analysis. The absolute configurations of newly isolated compounds 1–9 were determined from data obtained by optical rotation and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) exciton chirality methods. Butanolides and lignan glucosides have not been isolated previously from this genus. Several isolated compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against human tumor cell lines. Lignans 15 and 16 were slightly active against chemosensitive tumor cell lines A549 and MCF-7, respectively. Furthermore, both compounds displayed significant activity (IC50 = 5 µM) against a P-glycoprotein overexpressing multidrug-resistant tumor cell line (KB-VIN) but were less active against its parent chemosensitive cell line (KB).
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Kumari A, Singh D, Kumar S. Biotechnological interventions for harnessing podophyllotoxin from plant and fungal species: current status, challenges, and opportunities for its commercialization. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:739-753. [PMID: 27644897 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1228597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin is an aryltetralin lignan synthesized in several plant species, which is used in chemotherapies for cancers and tumor treatment. More potent semisynthetic derivatives of podophyllotoxin such as etoposide and teniposide are being developed and evaluated for their efficacy. To meet the ever increasing pharmaceutical needs, species having podophyllotoxin are uprooted extensively leading to the endangered status of selective species mainly Sinopodophyllum hexandrum. This has necessitated bioprospection of podophyllotoxin from different plant species to escalate the strain on this endangered species. The conventional and non-conventional mode of propagation and bioprospection with the integration of biotechnological interventions could contribute to sustainable supply of podophyllotoxin from the available plant resources. This review article is focused on the understanding of different means of propagation, development of genomic information, and its implications for elucidating podophyllotoxin biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of pathways. In addition, various strategies for sustainable production of this valuable metabolite are also discussed, besides a critical evaluation of future challenges and opportunities for the commercialization of podophyllotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kumari
- a Division of Biotechnology, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , Himachal Pradesh , India.,b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , Himachal Pradesh , India
| | - Dharam Singh
- a Division of Biotechnology, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , Himachal Pradesh , India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- a Division of Biotechnology, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , Himachal Pradesh , India.,b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology , Palampur , Himachal Pradesh , India
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Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Anthriscus sylvestris as an Alternative Source for Anticancer Lignans. Molecules 2015; 20:15003-22. [PMID: 26287153 PMCID: PMC6331990 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200815003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. is a wild herbaceous plant common in most temperate regions. It has been used traditionally to treat headaches, as a tonic, as antitussive, antipyretic, analgesic and diuretic. The plant contains deoxypodophyllotoxin, which is proven to have antitumor and anti-proliferative effects, anti-platelet aggregation, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and insecticidal activity. Deoxypodophyllotoxin is considered to be the plant’s most important constituent, because of its pharmacological properties and because it can be converted into epipodophyllotoxin, the main raw material for the semisynthesis of the cytostatic agents etoposide and teniposide. This work summarizes for the first time the results related to the botanical description, distribution and habitat, phytochemical and pharmacological properties and emphasizes the aspects for future biotechnological research to establish its utility in the therapeutic arsenal.
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Jamal S, Scaria V. Data-mining of potential antitubercular activities from molecular ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines. PeerJ 2014; 2:e476. [PMID: 25081126 PMCID: PMC4106188 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Traditional Chinese medicine encompasses a well established alternate system of medicine based on a broad range of herbal formulations and is practiced extensively in the region for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. In recent years, several reports describe in depth studies of the molecular ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines on the biological activities including anti-bacterial activities. The availability of a well-curated dataset of molecular ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines and accurate in-silico cheminformatics models for data mining for antitubercular agents and computational filters to prioritize molecules has prompted us to search for potential hits from these datasets. Results. We used a consensus approach to predict molecules with potential antitubercular activities from a large dataset of molecular ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines available in the public domain. We further prioritized 160 molecules based on five computational filters (SMARTSfilter) so as to avoid potentially undesirable molecules. We further examined the molecules for permeability across Mycobacterial cell wall and for potential activities against non-replicating and drug tolerant Mycobacteria. Additional in-depth literature surveys for the reported antitubercular activities of the molecular ingredients and their sources were considered for drawing support to prioritization. Conclusions. Our analysis suggests that datasets of molecular ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines offer a new opportunity to mine for potential biological activities. In this report, we suggest a proof-of-concept methodology to prioritize molecules for further experimental assays using a variety of computational tools. We also additionally suggest that a subset of prioritized molecules could be used for evaluation for tuberculosis due to their additional effect against non-replicating tuberculosis as well as the additional hepato-protection offered by the source of these ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Jamal
- CSIR Open Source Drug Discovery Unit , Anusandhan Bhavan, Delhi , India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- CSIR Open Source Drug Discovery Unit , Anusandhan Bhavan, Delhi , India
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Heleno VCG, da Silva R, Pedersoli S, de Albuquerque S, Bastos JK, Silva MLAE, Donate PM, da Silva GVJ, Lopes JLC. Detailed 1H and 13C NMR structural assignment of three biologically active lignan lactones. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2006; 63:234-9. [PMID: 16344252 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2005.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2005] [Revised: 04/29/2005] [Accepted: 04/29/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we present a complete 1H and 13C NMR spectral analysis of three lignan lactones (methylpluviatolide, dimethylmatairesinol and hinokinin) by the use of techniques such as COSY, HMQC, HMBC and J-resolved. Complete assignment and all homonuclear hydrogen coupling constant measurements were performed, providing enough data also to the confirmation of the relative stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Constantino Gomes Heleno
- Departamento de Química da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Casanovas J, Namba AM, da Silva R, Alemán C. DFT-GIAO study of aryltetralin lignan lactones: conformational analyses and chemical shifts calculations. Bioorg Chem 2005; 33:484-92. [PMID: 16289684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2005.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2005] [Revised: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 10/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The conformational properties of polygamain and morelensin, two aryltetralin lignan lactones, have been investigated in both the gas-phase and chloroform solution using DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level. Results indicate that the conformation of polygamain is very rigid. Thus, the conformational flexibility of its five-membered rings is considerably restricted as reflects the pseudorotational parameters of the corresponding envelope conformations. On the other hand, morelensin shows a notable conformational flexibility, which is mainly due to its two methoxy groups. Accordingly, 16 minimum energy conformations with relative energies smaller than 2.4 kcal/mol were detected. Furthermore, chemical shifts for 13C nuclei have been calculated using the GIAO method, results being compared with experimental data. A good agreement was found for both polygamain and morelensin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Casanovas
- Departament de Química, Escola Politècnica Superior, Universitat de Lleida, c/Jaume II n(o) 69, Lleida E-25001, Spain.
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Bioactive Constituents of the Genus Hernandia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(05)80042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Conserva LM, Pereira CDAB, Barbosa-Filho JM. Alkaloids of the Hernandiaceae: occurrence and a compilation of their biological activities. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2005; 62:175-243. [PMID: 16265923 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(05)62003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M Conserva
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Química dos Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
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da Silva R, Heleno VCG, de Albuquerque S, Bastos JK, Andrade e Silva ML, Donate PM, da Silva GVJ. Complete assignment of 1H and 13C NMR data for three aryltetralin lignan lactones. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2004; 42:985-989. [PMID: 15386543 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe the complete 1H and 13C NMR analysis of three aryltetralin lignan lactones (polygamain, morelensin and 4,5-dimethoxymorelensin) using modern NMR techniques such as COSY, HMQC, HMBC, 2D-J-resolved and NOE experiments. The relative stereochemistry of these compounds, which is very important with regard to their biological activity, was completely determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela da Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Gordaliza M, García PA, del Corral JMM, Castro MA, Gómez-Zurita MA. Podophyllotoxin: distribution, sources, applications and new cytotoxic derivatives. Toxicon 2004; 44:441-59. [PMID: 15302526 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several podophyllotoxin derivatives modified in the A, B, C, D and E rings were prepared from podophyllotoxin and methyl isoxazopodophyllic acid and evaluated for their cytotoxicity on several neoplastic cell lines. Chemical transformations performed on these compounds have yielded derivatives more potent and more selective that the parent compound. Most of the compounds maintained their cytotoxicity at the microM level. Distribution, biosynthesis, production, biotechnology, applications and synthesis have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gordaliza
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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Pettit GR, Meng Y, Gearing RP, Herald DL, Pettit RK, Doubek DL, Chapuis JC, Tackett LP. Antineoplastic agents. 522. Hernandia peltata (Malaysia) and Hernandia nymphaeifolia (Republic of Maldives). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2004; 67:214-220. [PMID: 14987061 DOI: 10.1021/np030125s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay (P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line and human tumor cell lines)-guided separation of the extracts prepared from the tropical and coastal trees Hernandia peltata (Malaysia) and Hernandianymphaeifolia (Republic of Maldives) led to the isolation of a new lignan designated as hernanol (1) and 12 previously known lignans: (-)-deoxypodophyllotoxin (2), deoxypicropodophyllin (3), (+)-epiaschantin (4), (+)-epieudesmin (5), praderin (6), 5'-methoxyyatein (7), podorhizol (8), deoxypodorhizone (9), bursehernin (10), kusunokinol (11), clusin (12), and (-)-maculatin (13). The oxidative cyclization (with VOF(3)) of lignans 8, 9, and 10 resulted in a new and unusual benzopyran (14), isostegane (15), and a new dibenzocyclooctadiene lactone (16), respectively. The structure and relative stereochemistry of hernanol (1) and lignans 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 were determined by 1D and 2DNMR and HRMS analyses. The structures and absolute stereochemistry of structures 2, 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, and 16 were unequivocally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Evaluation against the murine P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line and human tumor cell lines showed podophyllotoxin derivatives 2 and 3 to be strong cancer cell line growth inhibitors and substances 4, 5, 8, and 15 to have marginal cancer cell line inhibitory activities. Seven of the lignans and one of the synthetic modifications (14) inhibited growth of the pathogenic bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Pettit
- Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-2404, USA.
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R. Pettit G, Melody N, L. Herald D, M. Schmidt J, K. Pettit R, Chapuis JC. Synthesis of 10b(R)-Hydroxypancratistatin, 10b(S)-Hydroxy-1-epipancratistatin, 10b(S)-Hydroxy-1,2-diepipancratistatin and Related Isocarbostyrils. HETEROCYCLES 2002. [DOI: 10.3987/com-01-s(k)7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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