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Luo J, Guo M, Xie K, Han TL, Ai S. Metabolomic analysis of Agkistrodon haly venom poisoning mouse treatment by Jidesheng snake pill based on GC-MS. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1419609. [PMID: 39148553 PMCID: PMC11324443 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1419609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Snakebites are acute systemic toxic diseases caused by snake venom entering the body through wounds. Failure to use antivenom immediately and difficulty in obtaining antivenoms are frequently responsible for worsening disease. Traditional Chinese medicine is commonly used to supplement and replace antivenom in treating snakebites. The Jidesheng snake pill (JDS) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine that has achieved good clinical therapeutic effects; however, its mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, metabolomics techniques were employed to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of JDS treatment of Agkistrodon halys (Ah) snake venom-poisoned mice. Methods The Ah group mouse model was established by intramuscular injection of Ah venom into the hind legs of the mice. The Ah venom + JDS group model was established using JDS after the affected area was treated with Ah venom. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate the severity of gastrocnemius injury. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was utilized to detect the mRNA expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), muscle-specific creatine kinase (CKM), thrombin antithrombin complex (TAT), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was performed with multivariate statistical analysis to provide new insights into the global metabolic profile of Ah venom-poisoned mice. Results HE staining revealed increased red cell necrosis, local hemorrhage, and neutrophil infiltration in the Ah venom group than in the control group. Several compounds were identified, including lipids, amino acids, peptides, and organooxygen. Eighty differential metabolites were screened between the control group and the Ah venom group, and 24 were screened between the Ah venom and JDS groups. The mechanism of Ah venom poisoning in mice may involve aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, various amino acid metabolism disorders, tricarboxylic acid circulation disorders, and abnormal fatty acid metabolism. JDS may reduce symptoms by affecting long-chain fatty acid and amino acid metabolism and promoting nicotinamide-nicotinamide metabolism. Conclusion Our results suggest that metabolomics has huge prospects for elucidating the pathophysiology of Agkistrodon haly venom poisoning and therapeutic mechanisms of JDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Emergency Department, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Minkang Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Li Han
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanmu Ai
- Emergency Department, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, China
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Tian YY, Bi LL, Chen WW, Zheng SX, Cao Y, Xie YH, Tang HF, Lu YY, Wang SW. Two previously undescribed cholestanol saponins from the rhizomes of Paris fargesii var. petiolata. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105881. [PMID: 38438054 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Two previously undescribed cholestanol saponins, parpetiosides F - G (1-2), and six known analogs (3-8) were isolated from the rhizomes of Paris fargesii var. petiolata. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analysis and chemical methods. Compound 1 was a rare 6/6/6/5/5 fused-rings cholestanol saponin with disaccharide moiety linked at C-26 of aglycone which was hardly seen in genus Paris. All of these compounds were discovered in this plant for the first time. In addition, the cytotoxicities of saponins (1-8) against three human cancer cell lines (U87, HepG2 and SGC-7901) were evaluated by CCK-8 method, and saponins 5-8 displayed certain cytotoxicities. The strong interactions between saponins 5-8 and SCUBE3, an oncogene for glioma cells, were displayed by molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yuan Tian
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lin-Lin Bi
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wen-Wen Chen
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shu-Xian Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yan-Hua Xie
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Hai-Feng Tang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Yun-Yang Lu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Si-Wang Wang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Valencia-Mejía E, León-Wilchez YY, Monribot-Villanueva JL, Ramírez-Vázquez M, Bonilla-Landa I, Guerrero-Analco JA. Isolation and Identification of Pennogenin Tetraglycoside from Cestrum nocturnum (Solanaceae) and Its Antifungal Activity against Fusarium kuroshium, Causal Agent of Fusarium Dieback. Molecules 2022; 27:1860. [PMID: 35335224 PMCID: PMC8951829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antifungal assay-guided fractionation of the methanolic crude extract of Cestrum nocturnum (Solanaceae), popular known as 'lady of the night', led the isolation and identification of the steroidal saponin named pennogenin tetraglycoside, which was identified for the first time in this plant species by spectroscopic means. The crude extract, fractions and pennogenin tetraglycoside exhibited mycelial growth inhibition of Fusarium solani and F. kuroshium. F. solani is a cosmopolitan fungal phytopathogen that affects several economically important crops. However, we highlight the antifungal activity displayed by pennogenin tetraglycoside against F. kuroshium, since it is the first plant natural product identified as active for this phytopathogen. This fungus along with its insect symbiont known as Kuroshio shot hole borer (Euwallacea kuroshio) are the causal agents of the plant disease Fusarium dieback that affects more than 300 plant species including avocado (Persea americana) among others of ecological relevance. Scanning electron microscopy showed morphological alterations of the fungal hyphae after exposure with the active fractions and 12 phenolic compounds were also identified by mass spectrometry dereplication as part of potential active molecules present in C. nocturnum leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Valencia-Mejía
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL)—Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec N. 351, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico; (E.V.-M.); (Y.Y.L.-W.); (J.L.M.-V.)
| | - Yeli Y. León-Wilchez
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL)—Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec N. 351, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico; (E.V.-M.); (Y.Y.L.-W.); (J.L.M.-V.)
| | - Juan L. Monribot-Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL)—Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec N. 351, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico; (E.V.-M.); (Y.Y.L.-W.); (J.L.M.-V.)
| | - Mónica Ramírez-Vázquez
- Unidad de Microscopía Avanzada, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL)—Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec N. 351, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico;
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Exterior, Cd. Universitaria, Copilco, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Israel Bonilla-Landa
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL)—Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec N. 351, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico;
| | - José A. Guerrero-Analco
- Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL)—Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec N. 351, Xalapa 91073, Veracruz, Mexico; (E.V.-M.); (Y.Y.L.-W.); (J.L.M.-V.)
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Structural characterization and discrimination of the Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and Paris vietnamensis based on metabolite profiling analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 142:252-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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5
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Zhang X, Xue X, Zhao J, Guo Z, Ito Y, Sun W. Quantitative determination of gracillin by HPLC-MS/MS after oral administration and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Steroids 2016; 113:78-86. [PMID: 27394958 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and credible high performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was established to quantify the concentration of gracillin in rat plasma. The plasma samples were subjected to a direct protein precipitation process with acetonitrile as a precipitant in a single-step. Ginsenoside Rb1 was selected as an internal standard (IS). The chromatographic separation of analyte and IS were carried out on an Inersil ODS-3 C18 column (250×4.6mm, 5μm) with a binary solvent system containing acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water at a flow rate of 1mLmin(-1) under a gradient elution mode. Mass spectrometric detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode to examine the precursor-to-daughter ion transitions of 1110.3→948.2 for IS and 886.1→739.9 for gracillin, respectively, in a positive electrospray ionization mode. The calibration curve showed a promising linearity over a concentration range of 0.065-800ngmL(-1) with a better regression coefficient of r(2)=0.9960. The intra- and inter-day precisions (as relative standard deviation) of the assay at three quality control levels were all less than 3.48%, while the intra- and inter-day accuracies (as relative error) ranged from -8.43% to 9.74%, whose data were within the acceptable limits. The mean extraction recoveries of analyte from rat plasma were all more than 74.11%, and no notable matrix effect was observed. Stability experiments revealed that gracillin remained stable throughout the analytical procedure under various stored conditions. The above validated method was successfully used to investigate the pharmacokinetic behaviors of gracillin orally administrated to rats at three proportion doses. The pharmacokinetic analysis would pave the way for understanding the pharmacological actions and provide a meaningful foundation for further development and application in preclinical and clinical use of gracillin in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong Univeristy, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xuanji Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong Univeristy, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong Univeristy, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zengjun Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong Univeristy, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- Laboratory of Bioseparation Technology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wenji Sun
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Jing S, Wang Y, Li X, Man S, Gao W. Chemical constituents and antitumor activity from Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:660-666. [PMID: 27687140 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1219861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Eleven compounds were isolated from the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of rigorous 1D and 2D NMR experiments as well as comparison with the literature data. To the best of our knowledge, compound 1 was only predicted by UPLC/Q-TOF MSE and the NMR spectroscopic data was given for the first time. The cytotoxic activities of all compounds on mouse B16 cells were evaluated. Among the tested molecules, compounds 6-9 showed strong cytotoxicities, while compound 1 did not show significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Jing
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drag Delivery & High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- b Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Analysis of Chinese Materia Medic , Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drag Delivery & High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Shuli Man
- c Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drag Delivery & High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , P.R. China
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7
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Zhu LL, Zhao Y, Xu YW, Sun QL, Sun XG, Kang LP, Yan RY, Zhang J, Liu C, Ma BP. Comparison of ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography for the separation of spirostanol saponins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 120:72-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Wang W, Zhao Y, Jing W, Zhang J, Xiao H, Zha Q, Liu A. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry characterization of the steroidal saponins of Dioscorea panthaica Prain et Burkill and its application for accelerating the isolation and structural elucidation of steroidal saponins. Steroids 2015; 95:51-65. [PMID: 25575790 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dioscorea panthaica is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb used in the treatment of various physiological conditions, including cardiovascular disease, gastropathy and hypertension. Steroidal saponins (SS) are the main active ingredients of this herb and have effects on myocardial ischemia and cancer. The phytochemical evaluation of SS is both time-consuming and laborious, and the isolation and structural determination steps can be especially demanding. For this reason, the development of new methods to accelerate the processes involved in the identification, isolation and structural elucidation of SS is highly desirable. In this study, a new ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-IT/MS(n)) method has been developed for the identification of the SS in D. panthaica Prain et Burkill. Notably, the current method can distinguish between spirostanol and furostanol-type compounds based on the fragmentation patterns observed by electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-IT/MS(n)) analysis. UHPLC-IT/MS(n) was used to conduct a detailed investigation of the number, structural class and order of the sugar moieties in the sugar chains of the SS present in D. panthaica. The established fragmentation features were used to analyze the compounds found in the 65% ethanol fraction of the water extracts of D. panthaica. Twenty-three SS were identified, including 11 potential new compounds and six groups of isomers. Two of these newly identified SS were selected as representative examples, and their chemical structures were confirmed by (1)H and (13)C NMR analyses. This newly developed UHPLC-IT/MS(n) method therefore allowed for the efficient identification, isolation and structural determination of the SS in D. panthaica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi 330004, PR China
| | - Wenguang Jing
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi 330004, PR China
| | - Qin Zha
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China; Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi 330004, PR China
| | - An Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
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9
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Wu X, Wang L, Wang H, Dai Y, Ye WC, Li YL. Steroidal saponins from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 81:133-43. [PMID: 22748777 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Eleven steroidal saponins, along with seven known steroidal saponins, were isolated from rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and acid hydrolysis. Two of these compounds contained a spirostanol saponin aglycone, hitherto unknown in Nature. The isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxic effects on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma epithelial (CNE) cells, and seven compounds displayed more potent inhibitory effects than cisplatin (the positive control). One compound with diosgenin and tetrasaccharide moieties possessed the strongest inhibitory effect on CNE cells through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
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Pennogenin tetraglycoside stimulates secretion-dependent activation of rat platelets: Evidence for critical roles of adenosine diphosphate receptor signal pathways. Thromb Res 2012; 129:e209-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Lijuan W, Kupittayanant P, Chudapongse N, Wray S, Kupittayanant S. The Effects of Wild Ginger (Costus speciosus (Koen) Smith) Rhizome Extract and Diosgenin on Rat Uterine Contractions. Reprod Sci 2011; 18:516-24. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719110391278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanwisa Lijuan
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Pakanit Kupittayanant
- Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Nuannoi Chudapongse
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Susan Wray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sajeera Kupittayanant
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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12
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Yu ZY, Guo L, Wang B, Kang LP, Zhao ZH, Shan YJ, Xiao H, Chen JP, Ma BP, Cong YW. Structural requirement of spirostanol glycosides for rat uterine contractility and mode of their synergism. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 62:521-9. [PMID: 20604843 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.04.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Total steroidal saponins extracted from the rhizome of Paris polyphylla (TSSP) have been used in China for the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding. The aim of this study was to analyse the structure-activity relationship of steroidal saponins purified from P. polyphylla Sm. var. yunnanensis on rat myometrial contractions, and investigate the synergism among themselves as well as with known inherent agonists, such as Prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF-2alpha). METHODS In this study, 22 steroidal saponins purified from TSSP were screened for their contractile activity in isolated uterine strips from estrogen-primed rats. KEY FINDINGS It was shown that spirostanol glycosides exhibited inducible or inhibitory activity in rat uterine contraction based on the difference of their structures, which was not only attributed in part to the number, the length and the position of sugar side chains attached by a glycoside, but also related to the structure of the aglycone. Furthermore, synergistic actions were observed among pennogenin or diosgenin glycosides as well as with the known inherent agonist PGF-2alpha, indicating they may share, at least in part, similar pathways with PGF-2alpha in stimulating myometrial contractions. Finally, the contractile response of rat myometrium to spirostanol glycosides was significantly enhanced with advancing pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data support the possibility that some spirostanol glycosides may represent a new type of contractile agonist for the uterus and their synergism may be responsible for the therapeutic effect of TSSP on abnormal uterine bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Yin Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Qualitative and quantitative analysis of steroidal saponins in crude extracts from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and P. polyphylla var. chinensis by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 51:114-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2009] [Revised: 08/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Fu YL, Yu ZY, Tang XM, Zhao Y, Yuan XL, Wang S, Ma BP, Cong YW. Pennogenin glycosides with a spirostanol structure are strong platelet agonists: structural requirement for activity and mode of platelet agonist synergism. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6:524-33. [PMID: 18182034 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02881.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroidal saponins have long attracted scientific attention, due to their structural diversity and significant biological activities. For example, total steroidal saponins extracted from the rhizome of Paris polyphylla Sm. var. yunnanensis (TSSPs) constitute an effective treatment for abnormal uterine bleeding. OBJECTIVE To determine the active constituents in TSSPs and elucidate the mechanisms that underlie their in vivo pharmacologic actions on hemostasis. METHODS Steroidal saponins were purified by chromatography, and their effects upon hemostasis and platelet function were evaluated by tail bleeding time in mice and rats, aggregometry, flow cytometry and Western blotting. RESULTS TSSPs promoted hemostasis in vivo and dose-dependently induced rat or human platelet aggregation in vitro. Using bioassay-guided separation, four known pennogenin glycosides with a spirostanol structure were identified as the active ingredients of TSSPs. A structure-activity assay showed that the aglycone and sugar moieties of pennogenin glycosides are both essential for their aggregatory activity. Their synergistic actions on platelet aggregation were observed with pennogenin glycosides and with other known platelet agonists, suggesting that these glycosides are platelet agonists. Aggregation in response to the pennogenin glycosides involved alpha(IIb)beta(3) activation, was inhibited by cAMP, was dependent upon extracellular calcium, secreted ADP and thromboxane synthesis, and was mediated by phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase. CONCLUSION We identified pennogenin glycosides with a spirostanol structure as the active ingredients of Paris polyphylla Sm. var. yunnanensis in promoting hemostasis in vivo. Their mode of their action on platelets suggests that they represent a new type of platelet agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-L Fu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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15
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Yang Z, Wong ELM, Shum TYT, Che CM, Hui Y. Fluorophore-Appended Steroidal Saponin (Dioscin and Polyphyllin D) Derivatives. Org Lett 2005; 7:669-72. [PMID: 15704921 DOI: 10.1021/ol0475616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of three fluorophore-appended derivatives of dioscin and polyphyllin D is reported herein. Starting from trillin, dansyl derivatives A-C were prepared in overall yields of 7-12% over 7-10 steps. A study of their behavior in a variety of polar solvents suggests that dansyl derivatives A-C are capable of micellar self-assembly and can maintain cytotoxicities (IC50 = 15-18 muM) against the HeLa carcinoma cell line evaluated by standard MTT assay. [structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Yang
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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16
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Au ALS, Kwok CC, Lee ATC, Kwan YW, Lee MMS, Zhang RZ, Ngai SM, Lee SMY, He GW, Fung KP. Activation of iberiotoxin-sensitive, Ca2+-activated K+ channels of porcine isolated left anterior descending coronary artery by diosgenin. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 502:123-33. [PMID: 15464098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2004] [Revised: 08/11/2004] [Accepted: 08/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the vasodilating effect of 3beta-hydroxy-5-spirostene (diosgenin), a phytoestrogen found in wild yams, using porcine resistance left anterior descending coronary artery. In 5-hydroxytryptamine (3 microM) pre-contracted preparation, diosgenin caused a concentration-dependent (0.01 to 1 microM), endothelium-independent relaxation, with a maximum relaxation of approximately 72% at 1 microM. No apparent effect was observed with 17beta-oestradiol and progesterone with concentrations < or =0.3 microM, and a relaxation of approximately 15% and approximately 23% caused by 17beta-oestradiol (1 microM) and progesterone (1 microM), respectively. Diosgenin-elicited relaxation was not altered by 7alpha,17beta-[9[(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl]nonyl]estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol (ICI 182,780), mifepristone, (+)-bicuculline, cis-N-(2-phenylcyclopentyl)azacyclotridec-1-en-2-amine (MDL 12330A), glibenclamide and scavengers of reactive oxygen species. The iberiotoxin-sensitive, Ca2+-activated K+ (BK(Ca)) current of single vascular myocytes recorded, using patch-clamp techniques, was markedly enhanced by diosgenin, 17beta-oestradiol and progesterone. Application of (9S, 10R, 12R)-2,3,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-10-methoxy-2,9-dimethyl-1-oxo-9,12-epoxy-1H-diindolo[1,2,3-fg:3',2',1'-kl]pyrrolo[3,4-i][1,6]benzodiazocine-10-carboxylic acid methyl ester (KT 5823, 300 nM) eradicated the enhancement of BK(Ca) amplitude. Diosgenin, 17beta-oestradiol and progesterone did not affect whereas phloretin, biochanin A and zearalanone (1 microM each) significantly suppressed [Ca2+]o-induced contraction. In oestrogen competition essay using human breast cancer cell (MCF-7 cells), diosgenin (0.001 nM to 10 microM) did not interact with oestrogen receptor-alpha, and no displacement of [3H]17beta-oestradiol was observed. In oestrogen receptor alpha- and beta-fluorescence polarization competitor assay, diosgenin (100 microM) demonstrated a greater competition with the beta-isoform of oestrogen receptor. These results suggest that diosgenin caused an acute, endothelium-independent coronary artery relaxation via protein kinase G signalling cascade and an activation of BK(Ca) channel of arterial smooth muscle cells. The oestrogen receptor (alpha and beta-isoforms) and progesterone receptor are probably not involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lai Shan Au
- Room 409B, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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17
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Gu G, Du Y, Linhardt RJ. Facile synthesis of saponins containing 2,3-branched oligosaccharides by using partially protected glycosyl donors. J Org Chem 2004; 69:5497-500. [PMID: 15287807 PMCID: PMC4140558 DOI: 10.1021/jo0493929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two natural saponins 1 and 2, isolated from Solanum indicum L., and containing 2,3-branched sugar moieties, have been efficiently synthesized. Partially protected monosaccharide and disaccharide donors were used to facilitate target synthesis. Stereo factors were critical in incorporating 2,3-branched sugars on steroid aglycones. Saponin 1 was synthesized in five steps and 30% overall yield, while saponin 2 was obtained using six straightforward sequential reactions in 31% overall yield. Saponin 2 shows promising cytotoxic activity toward human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402 with an IC50 of <6 microg/mL.
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18
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Du Y, Gu G, Wei G, Hua Y, Linhardt RJ. Synthesis of Saponins Using Partially Protected Glycosyl Donors. Org Lett 2003; 5:3627-30. [PMID: 14507189 DOI: 10.1021/ol035353s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A new class of glycosyl donors having unprotected 2- and 2,4-hydroxyl groups were investigated under the standard glycosylation conditions. This approach was shown to be generally effective for the synthesis of alkyl and steroidal glycosides. A natural saponin, containing 2,4-branched oligosaccharide, was prepared in 35% overall yield in four straightforward sequential reactions by taking advantage of these partially protected donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Du
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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19
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Cheng MS, Wang QL, Tian Q, Song HY, Liu YX, Li Q, Xu X, Miao HD, Yao XS, Yang Z. Total synthesis of methyl protodioscin: a potent agent with antitumor activity. J Org Chem 2003; 68:3658-62. [PMID: 12713375 DOI: 10.1021/jo020683w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methyl protodioscin (1), otherwise known as 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-beta-d-glucopyranosyl]-26-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-22-methoxy-25(R)-furost-5-ene-3 beta,26-diol, has been synthesized for the first time from diosgenin through nine steps in an overall yield of 7.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao S Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China.
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20
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Zou CC, Hou SJ, Shi Y, Lei PS, Liang XT. The synthesis of gracillin and dioscin: two typical representatives of spirostanol glycosides. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:721-7. [PMID: 12668091 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two representative spirostanol saponins that have the typical structure for the sugar moiety, diosgenyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (gracillin) and diosgenyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (dioscin), were easily synthesized by a general approach. A procedure using guanidine for the selective deblocking of acetyl while retaining benzoyl protecting groups is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chun Zou
- Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, PR China
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21
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Abstract
Polyphyllin D, namely diosgenyl alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)- [(alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl)-(1 --> 4)]-[beta-D-glucopyranoside, was synthesized from diosgenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside in four steps and in 30% overall yield, taking advantage of regioselective pivaloylation and alpha-L-rhamnopyranosylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, People's Republic of China
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22
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Lacaille-Dubois[xc*] M, Wagner H. Bioactive saponins from plants: An update. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART B) 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(00)80015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Deng S, Yu B, Hui Y, Yu H, Han X. Synthesis of three diosgenyl saponins: dioscin, polyphyllin D, and balanitin 7. Carbohydr Res 1999; 317:53-62. [PMID: 10466206 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(99)00066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dioscin, polyphyllin D, and balanitin 7, which belong to a group of structurally similar diosgenyl saponins with promising bioactivities, were synthesized by stepwise glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
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24
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25
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Huang XL, Kakiuchi N, Che QM, Huang SL, Hattori M, Namba T. Effects of extracts ofZanthoxylum fruit and their constituents on spontaneous beating rate of myocardial cell sheets in culture. Phytother Res 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2650070111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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