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Shi Y, Qin L, Wu M, Zheng J, Xie T, Shao Z. Gut neuroendocrine signaling regulates synaptic assembly in C. elegans. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53267. [PMID: 35748387 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic connections are essential to build a functional brain. How synapses are formed during development is a fundamental question in neuroscience. Recent studies provided evidence that the gut plays an important role in neuronal development through processing signals derived from gut microbes or nutrients. Defects in gut-brain communication can lead to various neurological disorders. Although the roles of the gut in communicating signals from its internal environment to the brain are well known, it remains unclear whether the gut plays a genetically encoded role in neuronal development. Using C. elegans as a model, we uncover that a Wnt-endocrine signaling pathway in the gut regulates synaptic development in the brain. A canonical Wnt signaling pathway promotes synapse formation through regulating the expression of the neuropeptides encoding gene nlp-40 in the gut, which functions through the neuronally expressed GPCR/AEX-2 receptor during development. Wnt-NLP-40-AEX-2 signaling likely acts to modulate neuronal activity. Our study reveals a genetic role of the gut in synaptic development and identifies a novel contribution of the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Proarrhythmic Manifestations of Neuromuscular Dystrophinopathies. Cardiol Rev 2020; 29:68-72. [PMID: 32068541 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophy has been an elusive term ever since it was first described in the 19th century. Introduced in 1891 by Wilhelm Heinrich Erb, muscular dystrophy has been classified as part of a larger group of genetically determined, progressive degenerative neuromuscular disorders termed "dystrophinopathies." Cardiac arrhythmias may occur during the neurologic course of the disease. Although descriptions of the dystrophinopathies have been reported in the literature, few articles address the use of antiarrhythmic pharmacotherapy in patients with muscular dystrophy. We discuss the pathophysiology of the most common dystrophinopathies, their proarrhythmic sequelae, and the therapeutic use of antiarrhythmic agents in the clinical setting.
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Gois Beghini D, Iwao Horita S, Monteiro da Fonseca Cardoso L, Anastacio Alves L, Nagaraju K, Henriques-Pons A. A Promising Future for Stem-Cell-Based Therapies in Muscular Dystrophies-In Vitro and In Vivo Treatments to Boost Cellular Engraftment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215433. [PMID: 31683627 PMCID: PMC6861917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MD) are a group of genetic diseases that lead to skeletal muscle wasting and may affect many organs (multisystem). Unfortunately, no curative therapies are available at present for MD patients, and current treatments mainly address the symptoms. Thus, stem-cell-based therapies may present hope for improvement of life quality and expectancy. Different stem cell types lead to skeletal muscle regeneration and they have potential to be used for cellular therapies, although with several limitations. In this review, we propose a combination of genetic, biochemical, and cell culture treatments to correct pathogenic genetic alterations and to increase proliferation, dispersion, fusion, and differentiation into new or hybrid myotubes. These boosted stem cells can also be injected into pretreate recipient muscles to improve engraftment. We believe that this combination of treatments targeting the limitations of stem-cell-based therapies may result in safer and more efficient therapies for MD patients. Matricryptins have also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gois Beghini
- Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Iwao Horita
- Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 21040-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Luiz Anastacio Alves
- Laboratório de Comunicação Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, New York, NY 13902, USA.
| | - Andrea Henriques-Pons
- Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 21040-900, Brazil.
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Pancheri E, Bozzetti S, Rimessi P, Macchione F, Barillari M, Venturoli A, Guglielmi V, Fortunato F, Tonin P, Vattemi G. A novel emerin gene mutation in Emery Dreifuss muscular dystrophy patient with spontaneous chordae tendinae rupture. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019; 186:105536. [PMID: 31574358 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Emery Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is an inherited myopathy characterized by early contractures, slow progressive muscle weakness and cardiac involvement. To date at least seven genes have been associated to EDMD with different inheritance patterns, being emerin gene responsible for the X-linked form of the disease. We report a 40-year-old man who was referred for severe gait difficulty. At age 6 years the patient presented with a waddling gate, lumbar lordosis and heel contractures. Both electrophysiology and muscle biopsy were consistent with a neurogenic disorder and he received a diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy type 3. At the age of 30 the patient developed heart involvement with junctional escape rhythm and, eight years later, had a spontaneous chordae tendinae rupture. A new clinical examination showed severe muscular weakness and atrophy in scapulohumeroperoneal pattern with significant involvement of the lower facial and intrinsic hand muscles and on a second muscle biopsy emerin was absent by immunohistochemistry and by immunoblot analysis. Sequence analysis of EMD gene revealed the presence of a novel mutation represented by an out-of-frame deletion spanning from the beginning of exon 1 to the half of intron 2 (p.Asp6Glyfs*27). Our study expands the clinical and molecular spectrum of X-linked EDMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Pancheri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Bozzetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Rimessi
- UOL of Medical Genetics, Department of Reproduction and Growth and Department of Medical Science, University Hospital S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Macchione
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Barillari
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Heath, Section of Radiology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Venturoli
- UOL of Medical Genetics, Department of Reproduction and Growth and Department of Medical Science, University Hospital S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Guglielmi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fernanda Fortunato
- UOL of Medical Genetics, Department of Reproduction and Growth and Department of Medical Science, University Hospital S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Tonin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gaetano Vattemi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Chen CH, Tang SC, Su YN, Yang CC, Jeng JS. Cardioembolic stroke related to limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 1B. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:32. [PMID: 23360689 PMCID: PMC3662574 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardioembolic stroke is an under-recognized complication in patients with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 1B. Here we present a young stroke patient who had a novel lamin A/C gene (LMNA) mutation. Case presentation This is a 39-year-old man who had slowly progressive proximal muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmia since adolescent and a family history of similar manifestation. He sustained acute ischemic stroke in the left middle cerebral artery territory. Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy was given with significant neurological improvement. Additionally, genetic sequencing of the LMNA gene of the patient identified a mutation in c.513+1 G>A that resulted in a splicing aberration. Conclusion We suggested that LMNA gene related myopathies should be considered in young stroke patients with long-standing myopathic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Tanaka K, Uehara T, Sato K, Amano T, Minematsu K, Toyoda K. Successful intravenous rt-PA thrombolysis for a childhood cardioembolic stroke with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Cerebrovasc Dis 2011; 33:92-3. [PMID: 22179395 DOI: 10.1159/000331930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Tanaka
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
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Kim OMO, Elliott D. Elective Caesarean Section for a Woman with Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy. Anaesth Intensive Care 2010; 38:744-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1003800419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is a rare form of muscular dystrophy involving both cardiac and skeletal muscles. Cardiac involvement frequently leads to dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias and may precipitate sudden cardiac death. Skeletal involvement is characterised by early contractures and muscle weakness in the humeroperoneal distribution. We describe the anaesthetic management of a 29-year-old patient with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy presenting for elective caesarean section and discuss the disorder and its potential anaesthetic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. M. O. Kim
- Department of Anaesthesia, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D. Elliott
- Department of Anaesthesia, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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MASSUMI ALI, RASEKH ABDI, SAEED MOHAMMAD, FLAM SCOTT, CHEONG BENJAMIN, MOJIBIAN HAMID, RAZAVI MEHDI. Organized Incessant Atrial Arrhythmias in the Setting of Severe, Isolated Biatrial Scarring. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2008; 31:666-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2008.01069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Karst ML, Herron KJ, Olson TM. X-linked nonsyndromic sinus node dysfunction and atrial fibrillation caused by emerin mutation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2008; 19:510-5. [PMID: 18266676 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2007.01081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a heritable disorder with male predilection, suggesting a sex chromosome defect in certain patients. Loss-of-function truncation mutations in EMD, encoding the nuclear membrane protein emerin, cause X-linked Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) characterized by localized contractures and skeletal myopathy in adolescence, sinus node dysfunction (SND) in early adulthood, and atrial fibrillation as a variably associated trait. This study sought to identify the genetic basis for male-restricted, nonsyndromic sinus node dysfunction and AF in a multigenerational family. METHODS AND RESULTS Genealogical and medical records, and DNA samples, were obtained. Progressive SND and AF occurred in four males related through maternal lineages, consistent with X-linked inheritance. Skeletal myopathy was absent, even at advanced ages. Targeted X chromosome genotyping mapped the disease locus to Xq28, implicating EMD as a positional candidate gene. DNA sequencing revealed hemizygosity for an in-frame 3-bp deletion in EMD (Lys37del) in affected males, disrupting a residue within the LEM binding domain critical for nuclear assembly but leaving the remainder of the protein intact. Buccal epithelial cell staining with emerin antibody demonstrated near-total functional loss of emerin. Female relatives underwent prospective electrocardiographic and genetic testing. Those heterozygous for Lys37del had approximately 50-70% emerin-positive nuclei and variable degrees of paroxysmal supraventricular arrhythmia. CONCLUSIONS Mutation of EMD can underlie X-linked familial AF. Lys37del is associated with epithelial cell emerin deficiency, as in EDMD, yet it causes electrical atriomyopathy in the absence of skeletal muscle disease. Targeted genetic testing of EMD should be considered in patients with SND-associated AF and/or family history suggesting X-linked inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Karst
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, and Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Hong JS, Ki CS, Kim JW, Suh YL, Kim JS, Baek KK, Kim BJ, Ahn KJ, Kim DK. Cardiac dysrhythmias,cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy in patients with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B. J Korean Med Sci 2005; 20:283-90. [PMID: 15832002 PMCID: PMC2808607 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2005.20.2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B (LGMD1B) are characterized by cardiac dysrhythmias, late-onset cardiomyopathy, slowly progressive skeletal myopathy and contractures of the neck, elbows and ankles. The causative mutation is either in the emerin gene (X-linked recessive EDMD) or lamin A/C gene (autosomal dominant EDMD2 or LGMD1B). We report three cases of EDMD, EDMD2 and LGMD1B. A 14-yr-old boy showed limitation of cervical flexion and contractures of both elbows and ankles. Sinus arrest with junctional escape beats was noted. He was diagnosed as X-linked recessive EDMD (MIM 310300). A 28-yr-old female showed severe wasting and weakness of humeroperoneal muscles. Marked limitation of cervical flexion and contractures of both elbows and ankles were noted. Varying degrees of AV block were noted. She was diagnosed as autosomal dominant EDMD2 (MIM 181350). A 41-yr-old female had contractures of both ankles and limb-girdle type muscular dystrophy. ECG revealed atrial tachycardia with high grade AV block. She was diagnosed as autosomal dominant LGMD1B (MIM 159001). Cardiac dysrhythmias in EDMD and LGMD1B include AV block, bradycardia, atrial tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and atrial standstill, causing sudden death necessitating pacemaker implantation. Cardiologists should know about these unusual genetic diseases with conduction defects, especially in young adults.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology
- Cardiomyopathies/etiology
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/complications
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/physiopathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss/complications
- Muscular Dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Seo Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Lim Suh
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - June Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Kee Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ju Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Han-il General Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk-Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a common form of muscular dystrophy frequently involving cardiac muscle, thus leading to dilated cardiomyopathy. Clinical outcome and prognosis is frequently determined by the involvement of the cardiac conduction system causing symptomatic bradyarrhythmias, as well as tachyarrhythmias and, if untreated, frequent sudden cardiac death. Typical features of the cardiac involvement of EDMD are presented, caused by a novel missense mutation in the splice receptor sequence of intron 6 of the LMNA gene on chromosome 1, encoding for the lamin A/C gene, consistent with the autosomal dominant form of EDMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wessely
- Deutsches Herzzentrum and 1. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität, Munich, Germany.
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Cutler DA, Sullivan T, Marcus-Samuels B, Stewart CL, Reitman ML. Characterization of adiposity and metabolism in Lmna-deficient mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 291:522-7. [PMID: 11855819 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dunnigan's Familial Partial Lipodystrophy (FPLD) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by regional fat loss and insulin resistance. FPLD is caused by mutations in the LMNA gene, which encodes intermediate filaments of the nuclear lamina. Different LMNA mutations cause Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and/or a dilated cardiomyopathy. It is not known how LMNA mutations cause any of the disease phenotypes. Here we measure physical and metabolic characteristics of Lmna-/- and +/- mice to determine their usefulness as models for FPLD. Lmna-/- mice, which die prematurely of muscular dystrophy, have little fat, but do not show the insulin resistance characteristic of FPLD. Lmna+/- mice, despite treatment with a high fat diet, do not have decreased fat stores or metabolic features of FPLD. We also show, in mice, that Lmna transcripts are expressed at high levels in muscle and adipose tissue, but do not vary by body region or sex. In conclusion, Lmna+/- and -/- mice do not mimic Dunnigan's FPLD, and differential expression of lamins A and C does not appear to contribute to sex- or tissue-specific LMNA phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedra A Cutler
- Diabetes Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1770, USA
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Mziaut H, Korza G, Elkahloun AG, Ozols J. Induction of stearoyl CoA desaturase is associated with high-level induction of emerin RNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 282:910-5. [PMID: 11352637 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The genes encoding enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism are regulated by sterols. Stearoyl CoA desaturase, a key enzyme in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs is transcriptionally regulated by fat-free diet and sterols. To identify other genes that are induced in rat liver by fat-free diet we performed an in vivo gene expression profile analysis using DNA microarrays. Here we report that among the genes highly expressed is emerin, an integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane. Mutated or nonexpressed emerin occurs in patients with muscular dystrophy. Sterol regulatory element binding proteins activate the transcription of several sterol regulated genes. To investigate whether sterol regulatory element binding proteins or indirectly cholesterol activates the transcription of stearoyl CoA desaturase and emerin, we cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), either in cholesterol-rich or cholesterol-depleted mediums. We also transiently transfected the cell culture with plasmid encoding sterol regulatory element binding proteins in cholesterol-rich medium. Our data show that cholesterol-supplemented media as well as the transient transfection induced the expression of stearoyl CoA desaturase RNA 3.5- and 7-fold respectively. However, the RNA level of emerin was not altered under these conditions, implying that the parallel induction of emerin is independent of the sterol regulatory element binding regulation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mziaut
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-3305, USA
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Felice KJ, Schwartz RC, Brown CA, Leicher CR, Grunnet ML. Autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss dystrophy due to mutations in rod domain of the lamin A/C gene. Neurology 2000; 55:275-80. [PMID: 10908904 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.55.2.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD-AD) is a disorder characterized clinically by humeropelvic weakness, contractures, and cardiomyopathy, and genetically by mutations in the lamin A/C gene on 1q21.2-q21.3. Of the 14 lamin A/C gene mutations reported thus far, the four involving the rod domain have been associated with isolated cardiomyopathy and conduction-system disease. This is the first report of rod domain mutations in patients with the full EDMD-AD phenotype. METHODS Clinical, pathologic, and genetic data are provided on two families with EDMD-AD. RESULTS In both families, the full clinical spectrum of EDMD-AD was demonstrated. For the proband in family 1, sequence analysis detected a mutation within exon 2 of the lamin A/C gene. The missense mutation was due to a A448C base substitution causing a Thr150Pro amino acid change. For the proband of family 2, sequence analysis detected an in-frame 3-bp deletion (AAG 778-780 or 781-783) removing one of two adjacent lysine residues (K 260 or 261) of exon 4. Both mutations were in the central rod domain of the lamin A/C gene. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in the rod domain of the lamin A/C gene may cause the full clinical spectrum of EDMD-AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Felice
- Department of Neurology, Division of Human Genetics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, USA. felice.nso.uchc.edu
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