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Liu JT, Doueiry C, Jiang YL, Blaszkiewicz J, Lamprecht MP, Heslop JA, Peterson YK, Carten JD, Traktman P, Yuan Y, Khetani SR, Twal WO, Duncan SA. A human iPSC-derived hepatocyte screen identifies compounds that inhibit production of Apolipoprotein B. Commun Biol 2023; 6:452. [PMID: 37095219 PMCID: PMC10125972 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) patients suffer from excessively high levels of Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), which can cause severe cardiovascular disease. Statins, bile acid sequestrants, PCSK9 inhibitors, and cholesterol absorption inhibitors are all inefficient at treating FH patients with homozygous LDLR gene mutations (hoFH). Drugs approved for hoFH treatment control lipoprotein production by regulating steady-state Apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels. Unfortunately, these drugs have side effects including accumulation of liver triglycerides, hepatic steatosis, and elevated liver enzyme levels. To identify safer compounds, we used an iPSC-derived hepatocyte platform to screen a structurally representative set of 10,000 small molecules from a proprietary library of 130,000 compounds. The screen revealed molecules that could reduce the secretion of apoB from cultured hepatocytes and from humanized livers in mice. These small molecules are highly effective, do not cause abnormal lipid accumulation, and share a chemical structure that is distinct from any known cholesterol lowering drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Tung Liu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Caren Doueiry
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Yu-Lin Jiang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Josef Blaszkiewicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Mary Paige Lamprecht
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - James A Heslop
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Yuri K Peterson
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Juliana Debrito Carten
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Paula Traktman
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Salman R Khetani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | | | - Stephen A Duncan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Grùthan Biosciences LLC, Hollywood, SC, 29449, USA.
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Napolitano G, Fasciolo G, Tomajoli MTM, Carlucci A, Ascione E, Salvatore A. Effects of superoxide anion attack on the lipoprotein HDL. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:1059-1066. [PMID: 36219354 PMCID: PMC10126046 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is an anti-atherosclerotic lipoprotein. Thanks to the activity of apolipoprotein ApoA1, the principal protein component of HDL, this last is responsible for converting cholesterol into ester form and transporting excessive cholesterol to the liver ("reverse cholesterol transport" RCT). When HDL undergoes oxidation, it becomes dysfunctional and proatherogenic. ApoA1 is a target of oxidation, and its alteration affects RCT and contributes to atherosclerosis development. Until now, the mechanism of HDL oxidation is not fully understood and only hydroxyl radicals seem to induce direct oxidation of protein and lipidic components of lipoproteins. Here we demonstrate that superoxide radical, widely produced in early atherosclerosis, directly oxidizes HDL, and as a consequence, ApoA1 undergoes structural alterations impairing its anti-atherosclerotic functions. Our results highlight in an in vitro system the potential mechanism by which O2·- triggers atherosclerotic pathogenesis in vivo. Our study gets the basis for therapeutic approaches focused on the management of superoxide generation in early atherosclerosis onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetana Napolitano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, via Acton n. 38-I, 80133, Naples, Italy.
- International PhD Programme/UNESCO Chair "Environment, Resources and Sustainable Development", Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Fasciolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Muscari Tomajoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, via Acton n. 38-I, 80133, Naples, Italy
- International PhD Programme/UNESCO Chair "Environment, Resources and Sustainable Development", Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Carlucci
- S. Antimo Industrial Development Department, Kedrion Biopharma, Strada Statale 7 Bis 19, Sant'Antimo, 80029, Napoli, Italia
| | - Ester Ascione
- S. Antimo Industrial Development Department, Kedrion Biopharma, Strada Statale 7 Bis 19, Sant'Antimo, 80029, Napoli, Italia
| | - Alfonso Salvatore
- S. Antimo Industrial Development Department, Kedrion Biopharma, Strada Statale 7 Bis 19, Sant'Antimo, 80029, Napoli, Italia
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3
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Mo W, Chen Z, Zhang X, Dai G, Ma D, Pan J, Zhang X, Wu G, Fan W. N6-Methyladenosine Demethylase FTO (Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Protein) as a Novel Mediator of Statin Effects in Human Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:644-658. [PMID: 35296150 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a critical role in various biological processes. However, no study has addressed the role of m6A modification in the statin-induced protection of endothelial cells (ECs). METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analyses were used to study the expression of m6A regulatory genes in atorvastatin-treated ECs. Gain- and loss-of-function assays, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation analysis, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to clarify the function of FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated protein) in ECs. RESULTS Atorvastatin decreased FTO protein expression in ECs. The knockdown of FTO enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of KLF2 (Kruppel-like factor 2) and eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) but attenuated TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha)-induced VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) expression, as well as the adhesion of monocytes to ECs. Conversely, FTO overexpression significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, downregulated those of KLF2 and eNOS, and strongly attenuated the atorvastatin-mediated induction of KLF2 and eNOS expression. Subsequent investigations demonstrated that KLF2 and eNOS are functionally critical targets of FTO. Mechanistically, FTO interacted with KLF2 and eNOS transcripts and regulated their expression in an m6A-dependent manner. After FTO silencing, KLF2 and eNOS transcripts with higher levels of m6A modification in their 3' untranslated regions were captured by YTHDF3 (YT521-B homology m6A RNA-binding protein 3), resulting in mRNA stabilization and the induction of KLF2 and eNOS protein expression. CONCLUSIONS FTO might serve as a novel molecular target to modulate endothelial function in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Mo
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W.).,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., G.D., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W., W.F.)
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W.).,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., G.D., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W., W.F.)
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W.).,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., G.D., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W., W.F.)
| | - Gang Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (G.D., W.F.).,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., G.D., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W., W.F.)
| | - Dongwei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W.).,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., G.D., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W., W.F.)
| | - Jiajie Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W.).,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., G.D., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W., W.F.)
| | - Xinxia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W.).,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., G.D., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W., W.F.)
| | - Guifu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W.).,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., G.D., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W., W.F.).,Guangdong Innovative Engineering and Technology Research Center for Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (G.W.)
| | - Wendong Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (G.D., W.F.).,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (W.M., Z.C., X.Z., G.D., D.M., J.P., X.Z., G.W., W.F.)
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4
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Meessen ECE, Andresen H, van Barneveld T, van Riel A, Johansen EI, Kolnes AJ, Kemper EM, Olde Damink SWM, Schaap FG, Romijn JA, Jensen J, Soeters MR. Differential Effects of One Meal per Day in the Evening on Metabolic Health and Physical Performance in Lean Individuals. Front Physiol 2022; 12:771944. [PMID: 35087416 PMCID: PMC8787212 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.771944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Generally, food intake occurs in a three-meal per 24 h fashion with in-between meal snacking. As such, most humans spend more than ∼ 12-16 h per day in the postprandial state. It may be reasoned from an evolutionary point of view, that the human body is physiologically habituated to less frequent meals. Metabolic flexibility (i.e., reciprocal changes in carbohydrate and fatty acid oxidation) is a characteristic of metabolic health and is reduced by semi-continuous feeding. The effects of time-restricted feeding (TRF) on metabolic parameters and physical performance in humans are equivocal. Methods: To investigate the effect of TRF on metabolism and physical performance in free-living healthy lean individuals, we compared the effects of eucaloric feeding provided by a single meal (22/2) vs. three meals per day in a randomized crossover study. We included 13 participants of which 11 (5 males/6 females) completed the study: age 31.0 ± 1.7 years, BMI 24.0 ± 0.6 kg/m2 and fat mass (%) 24.0 ± 0.6 (mean ± SEM). Participants consumed all the calories needed for a stable weight in either three meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) or one meal per day between 17:00 and 19:00 for 11 days per study period. Results: Eucaloric meal reduction to a single meal per day lowered total body mass (3 meals/day -0.5 ± 0.3 vs. 1 meal/day -1.4 ± 0.3 kg, p = 0.03), fat mass (3 meals/day -0.1 ± 0.2 vs. 1 meal/day -0.7 ± 0.2, p = 0.049) and increased exercise fatty acid oxidation (p < 0.001) without impairment of aerobic capacity or strength (p > 0.05). Furthermore, we found lower plasma glucose concentrations during the second half of the day during the one meal per day intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A single meal per day in the evening lowers body weight and adapts metabolic flexibility during exercise via increased fat oxidation whereas physical performance was not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C E Meessen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers-Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Håvard Andresen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas van Barneveld
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers-Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne van Riel
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers-Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Egil I Johansen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders J Kolnes
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Marleen Kemper
- Hospital Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers-Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven W M Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank G Schaap
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes A Romijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers-Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maarten R Soeters
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers-Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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5
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Meng X, Han T, Jiang W, Dong F, Sun H, Wei W, Yan Y. Temporal Relationship Between Changes in Serum Calcium and Hypercholesteremia and Its Impact on Future Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity Levels. Front Nutr 2021; 8:754358. [PMID: 34869527 PMCID: PMC8635801 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.754358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The high levels of serum calcium and cholesterol are the important risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which frequently influence each other during the development of CVD. However, few studies have examined their temporal relationship to confirm the precursor, and it is still largely unknown whether and how their temporal relationship would influence the development of CVD. This study aimed to establish the temporal relationship between the changes in serum calcium and cholesterol using the longitudinal cohort data, and examine whether this temporal relationship influenced the arterial elasticity indicated by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Methods: This is a cohort study with a sample of 3,292 Chinese participants (aged 20-74 years) with 5.7 years follow-up. Serum calcium and cholesterol were measured at baseline and follow-up survey. The cross-lagged path analysis was used to examine their temporal relationship, and mediation analysis was performed to evaluate the potential mediating effect. Results: The cross-lagged path coefficients (β2 values) from baseline serum calcium to follow-up cholesterol was significantly greater than the path coefficients (β1 values) from baseline cholesterol to follow-up serum calcium (β2 = 0.110 vs. β1 = 0.047; P = 0.010) after adjusting for the multiple covariates. The path coefficients from baseline serum calcium to follow-up cholesterol in the participants with high baPWV was significantly greater than the participants with low baPWV (β2 = 0.155 for high baPWV and β2 = 0.077 for low baPWV, P = 0.028 for the difference between the β2 values). Moreover, cholesterol partially mediated the association between the higher serum calcium and greater subsequent baPWV values, the percentage of the total effect mediated by cholesterol was estimated at 21.7%. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that increased serum calcium precedes increased in serum cholesterol, and this temporal relationship may contribute to the development of higher baPWV levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Meng
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianshu Han
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengli Dong
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongxue Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Wei
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yageng Yan
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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6
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Wasielica-Poslednik J, Hampel U, Ries L, Faysal R, Schulz A, Prochaska JH, Wild PS, Schmidtmann I, Münzel T, Beutel ME, Lackner KJ, Pfeiffer N, Schuster AK. Prevalence of corneal arcus and associated factors in a German population-Results from the Gutenberg Health Study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255893. [PMID: 34547023 PMCID: PMC8454945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to determine the prevalence of corneal arcus and to identify associated factors in the general population of Germany. Methods The Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) is a population-based cohort study in Germany, which includes an ophthalmological assessment. Refraction, distance-corrected visual acuity, non-contact tonometry and anterior segment imaging were performed for the five-year follow-up examination. Anterior segment photographs were graded for the presence of corneal arcus. Prevalence estimates were computed, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to determine associated factors for corneal arcus including sex, age, spherical equivalent, central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure (IOP), socio-economic status, smoking, BMI, systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure, HbA1c, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride, and lipid modifying agents. Results A total of 9,850 right and 9,745 left eyes of 9,858 subjects (59.2±10.8 years), 49.0% females were included in this cross-sectional analysis. 21.1% of men (95%-CI: 20.0%– 22.3%) had a corneal arcus in at least one eye, and 16.9% (95%-CI: 15.9%– 18.0%) of women. In multivariable analyses, the presence of corneal arcus was associated with male gender (OR = 0.54 for female, p<0.0001), higher age (OR = 2.54 per decade, p<0.0001), smoking (OR = 1.59, p<0.0001), hyperopia (OR = 1.05 per diopter, p<0.0001), thinner cornea (OR = 0.994 per μm, p<0.0001), higher IOP (OR = 1.02, p = 0.039), higher HDL-C-level (OR = 2.13, p<0.0001), higher LDL-C-level (OR = 1.21, p<0.0001), and intake of lipid modifying agents (OR = 1.26, p = 0.0001). Arcus was not associated with socio-economic status, BMI, arterial blood pressure, and HbA1c. Conclusions Corneal arcus is a frequent alteration of the cornea in Germany and is associated with ocular parameters and systemic parameters of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wasielica-Poslednik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Ulrike Hampel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lisa Ries
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ruah Faysal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulz
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen H. Prochaska
- Department of Cardiology–Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp S. Wild
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology–Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred E. Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl J. Lackner
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander K. Schuster
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Chen GW, Lin HTV, Huang LW, Lin CH, Lin YH. Purification and Identification of Cholesterol Micelle Formation Inhibitory Peptides of Hydrolysate from High Hydrostatic Pressure-Assisted Protease Hydrolysis of Fermented Seabass Byproduct. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105295. [PMID: 34069880 PMCID: PMC8157361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This research focuses on the proteolytic capacity of sea bass byproduct (SB) and their hypocholesterolemic activity via the cholesterol micelle formation (CMF) inhibition. SB was fermented with seven mixed lactic acid bacteria for 5 h at 42 °C. The lactic fermented SB was hydrolyzed with Protease N for 6 h under HHP to obtain the SB hydrolysates (HHP-assisted Protease N hydrolysis after fermentation, F-HHP-PN6). The supernatant was separated from the SB hydrolysate and freeze-dried. As the hydrolysis time extended to 6 h, soluble protein content increased from 187.1 to 565.8 mg/g, and peptide content increased from 112.8 to 421.9 mg/g, while inhibition of CMF increased from 75.0% to 88.4%. Decreasing the CMF inhibitory activity from 88.4% to 42.1% by simulated gastrointestinal digestion (FHHP-PN6 was further hydrolyzed by gastrointestinal enzymes, F-HHP-PN6-PP) reduced the CMF inhibitory activity of F-HHP-PN6. Using gel filtration chromatography, the F-HHP-PN6-PP was fractioned into six fractions. The molecular weight of the fifth fraction from F-HHP-PN6-PP was between 340 and 290 Da, and the highest inhibitory efficiency ratio (IER) on CMF was 238.9%/mg/mL. Further purification and identification of new peptides with CMF inhibitory activity presented the peptide sequences in Ser-Ala-Gln, Pro-Trp, and Val-Gly-Gly-Thr; the IERs were 361.7, 3230.0, and 302.9%/mg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Wen Chen
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan; (G.-W.C.); (H.-T.V.L.); (L.-W.H.)
| | - Hong-Ting Victor Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan; (G.-W.C.); (H.-T.V.L.); (L.-W.H.)
| | - Li-Wen Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan; (G.-W.C.); (H.-T.V.L.); (L.-W.H.)
| | - Chia-Hua Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, No. 64, Wunhua Rd, Yunlin 632, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hsin Lin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Taipei University of Marine Technology, No. 212, Section 9, Yan Ping North Road, Taipei 111, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-228-109-999 (ext. 3405)
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8
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Nelson PG, Promislow DEL, Masel J. Biomarkers for Aging Identified in Cross-sectional Studies Tend to Be Non-causative. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:466-472. [PMID: 31353411 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are important tools for diagnosis, prognosis, and identification of the causal factors of physiological conditions. Biomarkers are typically identified by correlating biological measurements with the status of a condition in a sample of subjects. Cross-sectional studies sample subjects at a single timepoint, whereas longitudinal studies follow a cohort through time. Identifying biomarkers of aging is subject to unique challenges. Individuals who age faster have intrinsically higher mortality rates and so are preferentially lost over time, in a phenomenon known as cohort selection. In this article, we use simulations to show that cohort selection biases cross-sectional analysis away from identifying causal loci of aging, to the point where cross-sectional studies are less likely to identify loci that cause aging than if loci had been chosen at random. We go on to show this bias can be corrected by incorporating correlates of mortality identified from longitudinal studies, allowing cross-sectional studies to effectively identify the causal factors of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Nelson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | | | - Joanna Masel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson
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Frambach SJCM, de Haas R, Smeitink JAM, Rongen GA, Russel FGM, Schirris TJJ. Brothers in Arms: ABCA1- and ABCG1-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux as Promising Targets in Cardiovascular Disease Treatment. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:152-190. [PMID: 31831519 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.017897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide, and hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor. Preventive treatments mainly focus on the effective reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but their therapeutic value is limited by the inability to completely normalize atherosclerotic risk, probably due to the disease complexity and multifactorial pathogenesis. Consequently, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol gained much interest, as it appeared to be cardioprotective due to its major role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). RCT facilitates removal of cholesterol from peripheral tissues, including atherosclerotic plaques, and its subsequent hepatic clearance into bile. Therefore, RCT is expected to limit plaque formation and progression. Cellular cholesterol efflux is initiated and propagated by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. Their expression and function are expected to be rate-limiting for cholesterol efflux, which makes them interesting targets to stimulate RCT and lower atherosclerotic risk. This systematic review discusses the molecular mechanisms relevant for RCT and ABCA1 and ABCG1 function, followed by a critical overview of potential pharmacological strategies with small molecules to enhance cellular cholesterol efflux and RCT. These strategies include regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression, degradation, and mRNA stability. Various small molecules have been demonstrated to increase RCT, but the underlying mechanisms are often not completely understood and are rather unspecific, potentially causing adverse effects. Better understanding of these mechanisms could enable the development of safer drugs to increase RCT and provide more insight into its relation with atherosclerotic risk. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor of atherosclerosis, which is a leading pathological mechanism underlying cardiovascular disease. Cholesterol is removed from atherosclerotic plaques and subsequently cleared by the liver into bile. This transport is mediated by high-density lipoprotein particles, to which cholesterol is transferred via ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. Small-molecule pharmacological strategies stimulating these transporters may provide promising options for cardiovascular disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne J C M Frambach
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (S.J.C.M.F., G.A.R., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (S.J.C.M.F., R.d.H., J.A.M.S., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Department of Pediatrics (R.d.H., J.A.M.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (G.A.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ria de Haas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (S.J.C.M.F., G.A.R., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (S.J.C.M.F., R.d.H., J.A.M.S., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Department of Pediatrics (R.d.H., J.A.M.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (G.A.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A M Smeitink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (S.J.C.M.F., G.A.R., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (S.J.C.M.F., R.d.H., J.A.M.S., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Department of Pediatrics (R.d.H., J.A.M.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (G.A.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard A Rongen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (S.J.C.M.F., G.A.R., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (S.J.C.M.F., R.d.H., J.A.M.S., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Department of Pediatrics (R.d.H., J.A.M.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (G.A.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (S.J.C.M.F., G.A.R., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (S.J.C.M.F., R.d.H., J.A.M.S., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Department of Pediatrics (R.d.H., J.A.M.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (G.A.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom J J Schirris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (S.J.C.M.F., G.A.R., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine (S.J.C.M.F., R.d.H., J.A.M.S., F.G.M.R., T.J.J.S.), Department of Pediatrics (R.d.H., J.A.M.S.), and Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (G.A.R.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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10
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Ihm SH, Chung WB, Lee JM, Hwang BH, Yoo KD, Her SH, Song WH, Chae IH, Park TH, Kim JH, Jeon DW, Cho BR, Kang SH, Park SD, Lee JB, Woo JT, Lee BW, Han KA, Won KH, Kim HS, Yu JM, Chung CH, Kim HJ, Cho HC, Seung KB. Efficacy and Tolerability of Pitavastatin Versus Pitavastatin/Fenofibrate in High-risk Korean Patients with Mixed Dyslipidemia: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blinded, Parallel, Therapeutic Confirmatory Clinical Trial. Clin Ther 2020; 42:2021-2035.e3. [PMID: 32891418 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Statins are known to effectively reduce not only low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level but also death and nonfatal myocardial infarction due to coronary heart disease. The risk for CVD from atherogenic dyslipidemia persists when elevated triglyceride (TG) and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are not controlled with statin therapy. Therefore, statin/fenofibrate combination therapy is more effective in reducing CVD risk. Here, we assessed the efficacy and tolerability of pitavastatin/fenofibrate combination therapy in patients with mixed dyslipidemia and a high risk for CVD. METHODS This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, therapeutic-confirmatory clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of fixed-dose combination therapy with pitavastatin/fenofibrate 2/160 mg in Korean patients with a high risk for CVD and a controlled LDL-C level (<100 mg/dL) and a TG level of 150-500 mg/dL after a run-in period with pitavastatin 2 mg alone. In the 8-week main study, 347 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive pitavastatin 2 mg with or without fenofibrate 160 mg after a run-in period. In the extension study, patients with controlled LDL-C and non-HDL-C (<130 mg/dL) levels were included after the completion of the main study. All participants in the extension study received the pitavastatin/fenofibrate combination therapy for 16 weeks for the assessment of the tolerability of long-term treatment. FINDINGS The difference in the mean percentage change in non-HDL-C from baseline to week 8 between the combination therapy and monotherapy groups was -12.45% (95% CI, -17.18 to -7.72), and the combination therapy was associated with a greater reduction in non-HDL-C. The changes in lipid profile, including apolipoproteins, fibrinogen, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein from baseline to weeks 4 and 8 were statistically significant with combination therapy compared to monotherapy at all time points. Furthermore, the rates of achievement of non-HDL-C and apolipoprotein B targets at week 8 in the combination therapy and monotherapy groups were 88.30% versus 77.98% (P = 0.0110) and 78.94% versus 68.45% (P = 0.0021), respectively. The combination therapy was well tolerated, with a safety profile similar to that of statin monotherapy. IMPLICATIONS In these Korean patients with mixed dyslipidemia and a high risk for CVD, combination therapy with pitavastatin/fenofibrate was associated with a greater reduction in non-HDL-C compared with that with pitavastatin monotherapy, and a significantly improvement in other lipid levels. Moreover, the combination therapy was well tolerated, with a safety profile similar to that of statin monotherapy. Therefore, pitavastatin/fenofibrate combination therapy could be effective and well tolerated in patients with mixed dyslipidemia. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03618797.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Ihm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea; College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Baek Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Uijeongbu, South Korea; College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Hee Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Dong Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Suwon, South Korea; College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Her
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Suwon, South Korea; College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo-Hyuk Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Korea University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - In-Ho Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bundang Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ju-Han Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dong Woon Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Byung-Ryul Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cheju Halla General Hospital, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Sang-Don Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Bae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Taek Woo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyunghee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Heon Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Myung Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Choon Hee Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ho-Chan Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Seung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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11
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Hao W, Kwek E, He Z, Zhu H, Liu J, Zhao Y, Ma KY, He WS, Chen ZY. Ursolic acid alleviates hypercholesterolemia and modulates the gut microbiota in hamsters. Food Funct 2020; 11:6091-6103. [PMID: 32568327 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00829j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a triterpenoid acid widely abundant in fruits and vegetables such as apple, blueberry and cranberry. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of UA supplementation in diet on blood cholesterol, intestinal cholesterol absorption and gut microbiota in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. A total of thirty-two hamsters were randomly assigned to four groups and given a non-cholesterol diet (NCD), a high-cholesterol diet containing 0.1% cholesterol (HCD), an HCD diet containing 0.2% UA (UAL), or an HCD diet containing 0.4% UA (UAH) for 6 weeks. Results showed that UA supplementation reduced plasma cholesterol by 15-16% and inhibited intestinal cholesterol absorption by 2.6-9.2%. The in vitro micellar cholesterol solubility experiment clearly demonstrated that UA could displace 40% cholesterol from micelles. In addition, UA decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, whereas it enhanced the growth of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria in the intestine. In conclusion, UA possessed a cholesterol-lowering activity and could favorably modulate the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangjun Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Kim H, Kumar S, Kang DW, Jo H, Park JH. Affinity-Driven Design of Cargo-Switching Nanoparticles to Leverage a Cholesterol-Rich Microenvironment for Atherosclerosis Therapy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6519-6531. [PMID: 32343121 PMCID: PMC8543299 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques exhibit high deposition of cholesterol and macrophages. These are not only the main components of the plaques but also key inflammation-triggering sources. However, no existing therapeutics can achieve effective removal of both components within the plaques. Here, we report cargo-switching nanoparticles (CSNP) that are physicochemically designed to bind to cholesterol and release anti-inflammatory drug in the plaque microenvironment. CSNP have a core-shell structure with a core composed of an inclusion complex of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (cyclodextrin) and simvastatin (statin), and a shell of phospholipids. Upon interaction with cholesterol, which has higher affinity to cyclodextrin than statin, CSNP release statin and scavenge cholesterol instead through cargo-switching. CSNP exhibit cholesterol-sensitive multifaceted antiatherogenic functions attributed to statin release and cholesterol depletion in vitro. In mouse models of atherosclerosis, systemically injected CSNP target atherosclerotic plaques and reduce plaque content of cholesterol and macrophages, which synergistically leads to effective prevention of atherogenesis and regression of established plaques. These findings suggest that CSNP provide a therapeutic platform for interfacing with cholesterol-associated inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis.
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13
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Singh M, Spertus JA, Gharacholou SM, Arora RC, Widmer RJ, Kanwar A, Sanjanwala RM, Welle GA, Al-Hijji MA. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in the Management of Older Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:1231-1252. [PMID: 32498778 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) disproportionately affects older adults. It is expected that by 2030, one in five people in the United States will be older than 65 years. Individuals with CVD now live longer due, in part, to current prevention and treatment approaches. Addressing the needs of older individuals requires inclusion and assessment of frailty, multimorbidity, depression, quality of life, and cognition. Despite the conceptual relevance and prognostic importance of these factors, they are seldom formally evaluated in clinical practice. Further, although these constructs coexist with traditional cardiovascular risk factors, their exact prevalence and prognostic impact remain largely unknown. Development of the right decision tools, which include these variables, can facilitate patient-centered care for older adults. These gaps in knowledge hinder optimal care use and underscore the need to rigorously evaluate the optimal constructs for providing care to older adults. In this review, we describe available tools to examine the prognostic role of age-related factors in patients with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Singh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - John A Spertus
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Rakesh C Arora
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Amrit Kanwar
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Rohan M Sanjanwala
- Cardiac Sciences Program, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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14
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Supplementation of fermented coffee-peel flour to increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA) deposition in tilapia fillet. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Hao W, Zhu H, Chen J, Kwek E, He Z, Liu J, Ma N, Ma KY, Chen ZY. Wild Melon Seed Oil Reduces Plasma Cholesterol and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Hypercholesterolemic Hamsters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2071-2081. [PMID: 31984735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wild melon (Cucumis melo var. agrestis) seed oil (CO) contains 71.3% polyunsaturated fatty acids. The present study investigated the effects of CO on blood cholesterol and gut microbiota. Hamsters (n = 32) were randomly divided into four groups and given one of four diets, namely noncholesterol diet (NCD), high-cholesterol diet containing 0.1% cholesterol (HCD), HCD containing 4.75% CO (COL), and HCD containing 9.5% CO (COH) for 6 weeks. CO supplementation at 9.5% in the diet reduced plasma cholesterol by 24% and enhanced the excretion of fecal bile acids by 150%. CO supplementation upregulated the gene expression of hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). In addition, supplementation of CO in the diet remarkably increased the production of fecal short-chain fatty acids and favorably altered the relative abundances of Eubacteriaceae, Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group, Ruminococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, and Desulfovibrionaceae at a family level. It was concluded that CO could reduce plasma cholesterol via promoting the excretion of fecal acidic sterols and modulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangjun Hao
- School of Life Sciences , Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT , Hong Kong , China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- School of Life Sciences , Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT , Hong Kong , China
- Department of Food Science , Foshan University , Foshan , Guangdong Province 528231 , China
| | - Jingnan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Erika Kwek
- School of Life Sciences , Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT , Hong Kong , China
| | - Zouyan He
- School of Life Sciences , Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT , Hong Kong , China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- School of Life Sciences , Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT , Hong Kong , China
| | - Ning Ma
- School of Life Sciences , Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT , Hong Kong , China
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Ka Ying Ma
- School of Life Sciences , Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT , Hong Kong , China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences , Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT , Hong Kong , China
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16
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Jung SJ, Kim WR, Oh MR, Cha YS, Park BH, Chae SW. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Assessing the Effects of Angelica Gigas Nakai Extract on Blood Triglycerides. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020377. [PMID: 32023922 PMCID: PMC7071255 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelica gigas Nakai, Korean dang-gui, has long been widely used in traditional treatment methods. There have been a number of studies of the health effects of A. gigas and related compounds, but studies addressing effects on blood triglycerides (TG) are lacking. To investigate the effects of A. gigas Nakai extract (AGNE) on TG in Korean subjects, we carried out a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Subjects who met the inclusion criterion (130 mg/dL ≤ fasting blood TG ≤ 200 mg/dL) were recruited for this study. One hundred subjects were assigned to the AGNE group (n = 50) or the placebo group (n = 50), who were given 1 g/day of AGNE (as a gigas Nakai extract 200 mg/d) in capsules and the control group for 12 weeks. Outcomes were efficacy TG, lipid profiles, atherogenic index, and safety parameters were assessed initially for a baseline measurement and after 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of supplementation, TG and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) concentration and TG/HDL-C ratio in the AGNE group were significantly reduced compared to the placebo group (p < 05). No significant changes in any safety parameter were observed. These results suggest that the ingestion of AGNE may improve TG and be useful to manage or prevent hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Korea; (S.-J.J.); (W.-R.K.); (M.-R.O.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Korea
| | - Woo-Rim Kim
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Korea; (S.-J.J.); (W.-R.K.); (M.-R.O.)
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea;
| | - Mi-Ra Oh
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Korea; (S.-J.J.); (W.-R.K.); (M.-R.O.)
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea;
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University Medical School Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea;
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Korea; (S.-J.J.); (W.-R.K.); (M.-R.O.)
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-259-3040; Fax: +82-63-259-3060
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Bux K, Moin ST. Solvation of cholesterol in different solvents: a molecular dynamics simulation study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:1154-1167. [PMID: 31848548 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05303d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, molecular dynamics simulations of an isolated cholesterol immersed in four different solvents of varying polarity, such as water, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide and benzene, were reported for the first time to gain insights into the structural and dynamical properties. The study was mainly focused on the evaluation of solvation of cholesterol with respect to its hydrophilic and hydrophobic structural components in the form of respective functional groups interacting with the solvents. Structural evaluations suggested that both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups of cholesterol were interacting with the solvents, in particular methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide, which presented both types of interactions that are polar and non-polar. On the other hand, the highly polar water and non-polar benzene demonstrated extreme solvation behavior, since water was involved only in hydrogen bonding to the solute hydroxyl group and non-polar benzene formed strong van der Waals interactions only. Furthermore, the hydrophobic effect of cholesterol was also analyzed mainly in polar solvents, as the effect was more pronounced in the polar environment thereby preventing the solvent mobility in the solvation layer(s). The dynamical properties in terms of lateral diffusion and hydrogen bond dynamics as well as free energies of solvation also corroborated the findings based on the structural data and the hydrophobic character of cholesterol was later quantified by the computation of the averaged solvent accessible surface area. The polarity effect of the solvents on the aggregation property of cholesterol was further investigated, which is of big concern from the clinical point of view due to its major role in cardiovascular ailments. It was another major finding of the present study that aggregation was shown to be facilitated by highly polar solvents like water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khair Bux
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Tarique Moin
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.
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18
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Feng K, Zhu X, Liu G, Kan Q, Chen T, Chen Y, Cao Y. Dietary citrus peel essential oil ameliorates hypercholesterolemia and hepatic steatosis by modulating lipid and cholesterol homeostasis. Food Funct 2020; 11:7217-7230. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00810a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Integration of lipidomics and gene expression analysis provided new insights into in-depth mechanistic understanding of the effects of dietary CPEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konglong Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
- College of Food Sciences
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xiaoai Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
- College of Food Sciences
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Guo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
- College of Food Sciences
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Qixin Kan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
- College of Food Sciences
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Tong Chen
- Shenzhen Agricultural Product Quality Safety Inspection Testing Center
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Yunjiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
- College of Food Sciences
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods
- College of Food Sciences
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
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Cyclodextrin polymer improves atherosclerosis therapy and reduces ototoxicity. J Control Release 2019; 319:77-86. [PMID: 31843641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Recently, cyclodextrin (CD) has shown the potential for effective treatment of atherosclerotic plaques in mice by solubilizing plaque cholesterol. While promising as a new therapy for atherosclerosis, poor pharmacokinetics and ototoxicity of CD pose a therapeutic challenge. Thus far, however, there has been no attempts to overcome such limitations. Here, we showed that cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) with a diameter of ~ 10 nm exhibits outstanding pharmacokinetics and plaque targeting efficacy compared to a monomeric CD. Furthermore, we found out that CDP does not induce plasma membrane disruption as opposed to CD, which eliminated cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity of CD. In a mouse model of atherosclerosis, subcutaneous injections of beta-cyclodextrin polymer (βCDP) significantly inhibited plaque growth compared to monomeric hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) at the same dose (1 g/kg). More importantly, βCDP did not induce significant ototoxicity at a high-dose (8 g/kg) where HPβCD reduced the outer hair cell content by 36%. These findings suggest that the polymerization of CD can overcome major limitations of CD therapy for treatment of atherosclerosis.
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20
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Bahrami A, Barreto GE, Lombardi G, Pirro M, Sahebkar A. Emerging roles for high-density lipoproteins in neurodegenerative disorders. Biofactors 2019; 45:725-739. [PMID: 31301192 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipoproteins are the complexes of different lipids and proteins, which are devoted to the transport and clearance of lipids or lipid-related molecules in the circulation. Lipoproteins have been found to play a crucial role in brain function and may influence myelination process. Among lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and their major protein component, apoA-I, are directly involved in cholesterol efflux in the brain. It has been suggested that inadequate or dysfunctional brain HDLs may contribute to cerebrovascular dysfunctions, neurodegeneration, or neurovascular instability. HDL deficiency could also promote cognitive decline through impacting on atherosclerotic risk. The focus of this review is to discuss knowledge on HDL dysregulation in neurological disorders. A better understanding on how changes in cellular HDL and apolipoprotein homeostasis affect central nervous system function may provide promising novel avenues for the treatment of specific HDL-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gemma Lombardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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21
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Aniwattanapong D, Tangwongchai S, Supasitthumrong T, Hemrunroj S, Tunvirachaisakul C, Tawankanjanachot I, Chuchuen P, Snabboon T, Carvalho AF, Maes M. Validation of the Thai version of the short Boston Naming Test (T-BNT) in patients with Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment: clinical and biomarker correlates. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:840-850. [PMID: 30351202 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1501668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Impairments in the Boston Naming Test (BNT), which measures confrontational word retrieval, frequently accompanies Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and may predict a more rapid progression of illness. This study aims to validate the Thai version of the 15-item BNT (T-BNT) in participants with AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and to externally validate the T-BNT using clinical and biomarker measurements. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited patients with AD, diagnosed according to NINCDS-ADRDA criteria (n = 60), aMCI, diagnosed using the Petersen criteria (n = 60), and healthy controls (n = 62). We examined the internal consistency, concurrent and discriminant reliability of the T-BNT. We also assessed the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) and the Word List Memory (WLM) tests and measured apolipoprotein E polymorphism and serum levels of folic acid, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and triglycerides. RESULTS This study validated a 10-item T-BNT (10T-BNT), which yielded good internal consistency (0.92), a one-factor unidimensional structure, and adequate concurrent and discriminant validity. Lower scores on the 10T-BNT highly significantly predict AD, but not aMCI, and are positively associated with VFT and WLM test scores. Furthermore, lowered 10T-BNT scores are significantly associated with the ApoE4 allele, lower folate levels and an increased triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio. CONCLUSIONS This study validated the 10T-BNT and the total score on this scale is strongly associated with AD, impairments in semantic and episodic memory and biomarkers, which are known to modify memory via different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daruj Aniwattanapong
- a Department of Psychiatry , King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society , Bangkok , Thailand.,b Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Sookjaroen Tangwongchai
- b Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Thitiporn Supasitthumrong
- a Department of Psychiatry , King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Solaphat Hemrunroj
- b Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Chavit Tunvirachaisakul
- b Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Itthipol Tawankanjanachot
- a Department of Psychiatry , King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Phenphichcha Chuchuen
- a Department of Psychiatry , King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Thiti Snabboon
- c Excellence Center of Diabetes, Hormones and Metabolism, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- d Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Ceará , Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- a Department of Psychiatry , King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society , Bangkok , Thailand.,b Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand.,e Department of Psychiatry , Medical University Plovdiv , Plovdiv , Bulgaria.,f IMPACT Strategic Research Center , Deakin University , Geelong , Australia
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22
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Effect of Lipid-Testing Interval on Stoke Risk among Newly Diagnosed Dyslipidemia Patients Initiated on Statins. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050742. [PMID: 31137637 PMCID: PMC6572288 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Although current guidelines recommend regular lipid testing for dyslipidemia patients, the effectiveness of regular lipid profile monitoring in clinical outcomes is unclear. (2) Methods: We assessed 64,664 newly diagnosed dyslipidemia patients from the Korean National Health Insurance Service Health Screening Cohort from 2003-2011 For lipid-testing frequency from all admission and outpatient records for 3 years after diagnosis. Participants were followed until 31 December 2015 for stroke. We used Cox regression analysis to determine the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for stroke according to lipid-testing interval. (3) Results: Compared to patients with lipid-testing intervals of ≤6 months, patients with >6 to ≤12 (aHR 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.61), >12 to ≤18 (aHR 1.48, 95% CI 1.20-1.82), and >18 (aHR 1.54, 95% CI 1.25-1.90) month testing intervals had elevated risk of total stroke (p for trend <0.001). A significant association existed between lipid-testing interval and total and ischemic stroke risk in the >6 to ≤12 (aHR 1.62, 95% CI 1.19-2.21), >12 to ≤18 (aHR 1.87, 95% CI 1.36-2.58), and >18 (aHR 1.79, 95% CI 1.30-2.48) month interval groups, but no significant association existed between lipid-testing interval and hemorrhagic stroke risk. (4) Conclusions: Lipid-testing intervals of more than 6 months may lead to increased stroke risk among newly diagnosed dyslipidemia patients after initiation of statin treatment. Lipid testing every 6 months can lower stroke risk among dyslipidemia patients.
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Abstract
Since the early work of Mann and Spoerry, probiotics in the form of fermented milk products have been reputed to have cholesterol-lowering properties in humans. However, studies conducted since the early 1970s have produced equivocal findings, with interpretation of the outcomes complicated by use of excessive quantities of product, inadequate sample sizes, failure to control nutrient intake and energy expenditure and variations in baseline blood lipids. More recent studies are of better quality, but fail to provide convincing evidence that ‘live’ fermented milk products have cholesterol-lowering efficacy in man. Future studies using probiotics should ensure adequate sample sizes sufficient to detect relatively small changes in blood cholesterol and should be conducted over longer periods of time. The recent introduction of the concept of prebiotics has directed attention towards the possibility that alterations in gut microflora induced by the fermentation of non-digestible components of the diet may also have the potential to influence systemic lipid metabolism. This possibility has been strengthened by the observation that in animals, dietary oligofructosaccharides cause suppression of hepatic triglyceride and VLDL synthesis, resulting in marked reductions in triglyceride, and to a lesser extent cholesterol, levels. Evidence for similar effects in humans is sparse and more studies are needed, particularly with respect to effects on postprandial triglyceride concentrations.
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24
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Yadav R, Vij R, Kapila S, Khan SH, Kumar N, Meena S, Kapila R. Milk fermented with probiotic strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus MTCC: 5957 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus MTCC: 5897 ameliorates the diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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25
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Adigun NS, Oladiji AT, Ajiboye TO. Hydro-Ethanolic Fruit Extract of Capsicum frutescens Reversed Triton-X-100–Induced Hyperlipidaemia in Rats. J Diet Suppl 2018; 17:53-66. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2018.1482982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taofeek O. Ajiboye
- Antioxidants Redox Biology and Toxicology Research Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, FCT-Abuja, Nigeria
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26
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Nishihara K, Kato D, Suzuki Y, Kim D, Nakano M, Yajima Y, Haga S, Nakano M, Ishizaki H, Kawahara-Miki R, Kono T, Katoh K, Roh SG. Comparative transcriptome analysis of rumen papillae in suckling and weaned Japanese Black calves using RNA sequencing. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:2226-2237. [PMID: 29762736 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The length and density of rumen papillae starts to increase during weaning and growth of ruminants. This significant development increases the intraruminal surface area and the efficiency of VFA (acetate, propionate, butyrate, etc.) uptake. Thus, it is important to investigate the factors controlling the growth and development of rumen papillae during weaning. This study aimed to compare the transcriptomes of rumen papillae in suckling and weaned calves. Total RNA was extracted from the rumen papillae of 10 male Japanese Black calves (5 suckling calves, 5 wk old; 5 weaned calves, 15 wk old) and used in RNA-sequencing. Transcript abundance was estimated and differentially expressed genes were identified and these data were then used in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to predict the major canonical pathways and upstream regulators. Among the 871 differentially expressed genes screened by IPA, 466 genes were upregulated and 405 were downregulated in the weaned group. Canonical pathway analysis showed that "atherosclerosis" was the most significant pathway, and "tretinoin," a derivative of vitamin A, was predicted as the most active upstream regulator during weaning. Analyses also predicted IgG, lipopolysaccharides, and tumor-necrosis factor-α as regulators of the microbe-epithelium interaction that activates rumen-related immune responses. The functional category and the up-regulators found in this study provide a valuable resource for studying new candidate genes related to the proliferation and development of rumen papillae from suckling to weaning Japanese Black calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Nishihara
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Daichi Kato
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Dahye Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Misato Nakano
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yu Yajima
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Haga
- Division of Grassland Farming, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Miwa Nakano
- Division of Grassland Farming, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishizaki
- Division of Grassland Farming, NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ryouka Kawahara-Miki
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.,NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kono
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.,NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Katoh
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Sang-Gun Roh
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Marume K, Takashio S, Nagai T, Tsujita K, Saito Y, Yoshikawa T, Anzai T. Effect of Statins on Mortality in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Without Coronary Artery Disease - Report From the JASPER Study. Circ J 2018; 83:357-367. [PMID: 30416189 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-18-0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins might be associated with improved survival in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The effect of statins in HFpEF without coronary artery disease (CAD), however, remains unclear. Methods and Results: From the JASPER registry, a multicenter, observational, prospective cohort with Japanese patients aged ≥20 years requiring hospitalization with acute HF and LVEF ≥50%, 414 patients without CAD were selected for outcome analysis. Based on prescription of statins at admission, we divided patients into the statin group (n=81) or no statin group (n=333). We followed them for 25 months. The association between statin use and primary (all-cause mortality) and secondary (non-cardiac death, cardiac death, or rehospitalization for HF) endpoints was assessed in the entire cohort and in a propensity score-matched cohort. In the propensity score-matched cohort, 3-year mortality was lower in the statin group (HR, 0.21; 95% CI: 0.06-0.72; P=0.014). The statin group had a significantly lower incidence of non-cardiac death (P=0.028) and rehospitalization for HF (P<0.001), but not cardiac death (P=0.593). The beneficial effect of statins on mortality did not have any significant interaction with cholesterol level or HF severity. CONCLUSIONS Statin use has a beneficial effect on mortality in HFpEF without CAD. The present findings should be tested in an adequately powered randomized clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Marume
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Seiji Takashio
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Toshiyuki Nagai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Kenichi Tsujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University
| | | | - Toshihisa Anzai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
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28
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Ottaviani L, Sansonetti M, da Costa Martins PA. Myocardial cell-to-cell communication via microRNAs. Noncoding RNA Res 2018; 3:144-153. [PMID: 30175287 PMCID: PMC6114265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ottaviani
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marida Sansonetti
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paula A da Costa Martins
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
There is compelling evidence showing that nut intake confers protection against cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a review of the literature with respect to observational studies and randomized trials completed in the past ≈25 years that examined nut intake and CVD endpoints. We included findings from major cohort studies, a large intervention trial, and numerous smaller nut trials. Collectively, data from observational and intervention studies indicate strong and significant association between nut intake and decreased risk of fatal and non-fatal coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and sudden death; and somewhat weak association with stroke. The primary mechanism by which nuts protect against CVD is through the improvement of lipid and apolipoprotein profile. Increasing evidence also indicates that nut consumption may confer protection against CVD via lowering of oxidative stress, inflammation, and improvement in endothelial function. Nut components, such as unsaturated fatty acids, l-arginine, beneficial minerals, phenolic compounds and phytosterols, appear to be of paramount importance for their health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Bitok
- Center for Nutrition, Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States; Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States.
| | - Joan Sabaté
- Center for Nutrition, Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States
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30
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Bosch T, Seidel D, Gurland HJ. Efficacy of Lipid Apheresis: Definitions and Influencing Factors. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139889501800406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The comparison of efficiency of currently available lipid apheresis systems has been hampered by different definitions of efficacy and poorly controlled apheresis conditions. This paper suggests definitions of efficacy and standardization of its determinants. The acute efficacy of risk factor reduction reflects the relative decrease of pathogen by a single treatment session compared to preapheresis levels. Standardization of treated plasma volume in relation to the patients plasma volume and correction of changes in plasma volume during the procedure are mandatory. Its determination is most useful in the technical evaluation of new systems. The long-term efficacy of risk factor reduction as compared to baseline is determined by mean interapheresis levels of e.g. LDL-C in the pseudo-steady-state after about 3 months of regular treatment. It is the major criterion for potential regression of coronary artery disease and absolute average plasma levels of 120 ≤ mg/dl LDL-C should be attained. It is influenced by the acute efficacy of the system, apheresis frequency and rebound kinetics. The clinical efficacy is defined by apheresis induced reduction of coronary morbidity and mortality. It is influenced by long-term risk factor reduction, the selectivity of the system as well as the control of non-lipid risk factors. Apheresis related effects on coronary artery disease comprise functional improvements of hemorheology and vasomotion as well as morphological benefits like regression of luminal narrowing and plaque stabilization. In conclusion, the acute efficacy of apheresis systems should be determined under strictly controlled conditions; however, as apheresis independent factors influence long-term efficacy and, even more so, clinical efficacy of the treatment, differences between the available systems are blurred so that factors like costs and ease of handling may eventually significantly influence the choice of procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Bosch
- Nephrological Department, Medical Clinic I, University of Munich, Munich - Germany
| | - D. Seidel
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry Klinikum Groβhadern, University of Munich, Munich - Germany
| | - H. J. Gurland
- Nephrological Department, Medical Clinic I, University of Munich, Munich - Germany
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31
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Schiel R, Bambauer R, Müller UA. Four Years’ Treatment Efficacy of Patients with Severe Hyperlipidemia. Lipid Lowering Drugs versus LDL-Apheresis. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139889501801207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A total of 47 patients suffering from heterozygous hyperlipidemia were treated with LDL-apheresis (24 patients, aged 49.5±11.5 years), diet and/or lipid-lowering drugs or with diet and lipid-lowering drugs only (23 patients, aged 48.0±11.9 years). After treatment periods of 44.4±14.3 (apheresis group) and 33.5±15.9 (drug group) months, respectively, the ensuing results revealed significant differences (p<0.0001): total cholesterol decreased from 10.4 to 5.5 vs 9.9 to 8.7 mmol/l, LDL from 7.4 to 3.9 vs 6.6 to 5.2 mmol/l, triglycerides from 5.8 to 3.7 vs 4.8 to 4.1 mmol/l and the LDL/HDL-ratio decreased from 7.1 to 3.4 vs 6.7 to 5.8. In the apheresis group one patient died from myocardial infarction vs one non-fatal myocardial infarction and the manifestation of coronary heart disease in three cases in the drug group. There were no severe side-effects in either group. All patients in the apheresis group experienced an increased clinical performance. On the other hand physological well-being of these patients was lower than that of the drug group (scores 42.3±8.9 vs 50.2±9.9, p<0.002). The present trial suggests that a continuing reduction in serum lipid concentrations may lower in a dose dependent manner the risk of development and progression of coronary heart disease. With respect to clinical and laboratory results, LDL-apheresis seems safe and appears to be the most effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Schiel
- University of Jena Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine II, Jena
| | - R. Bambauer
- University of Saarland Medical School, Internal Medicine, Homburg/Saar - Germany
| | - U. A. Müller
- University of Jena Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine II, Jena
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32
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Ross JL, Manuszak MA, Wachs JE. Identification and Management of Vascular Risk: Beyond Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/216507990305101208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joyce L. Ross
- Cardiovascular Risk Intervention Program, University of Pennsylvania Health Systems, Philadelphia Heart Institute, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Joy E. Wachs
- East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
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Zhang Y, Rong S, Feng Y, Zhao L, Hong J, Wang R, Yuan W. Simvastatin attenuates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury from oxidative stress via targeting Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4460-4466. [PMID: 29067120 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of the kidneys is commonly encountered in the clinic. The present study assessed the efficacy of simvastatin in preventing I/R-induced renal injury in a rat model and investigated the corresponding molecular mechanisms. Rats were divided into 3 groups, including a sham, I/R and I/R + simvastatin group. The results revealed that in the I/R group, the levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly higher than those in the sham group, which was significantly inhibited by simvastatin pre-treatment. I/R significantly decreased superoxide dismutase activity compared with that in the sham group, which was largely rescued by simvastatin. Furthermore, I/R significantly increased the malondialdehyde content compared with that in the sham group, which was reduced by simvastatin. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed no obvious morphological abnormalities in the sham group, while I/R led to notable tubular cell swelling, vacuolization, cast formation and tubular necrosis, which was rescued by simvastatin. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling assay demonstrated that I/R significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells compared with that in the sham group, which was significantly inhibited by simvastatin. Western blot analysis demonstrated that simvastatin upregulated I/R-induced increases of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and anti-oxidant enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR indicated that changes in the mRNA levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were consistent with the western blot results. It was concluded that simvastatin treatment led to upregulation of HO-1 protein levels through activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway to ultimately protect the kidneys from I/R-associated oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Emergency Intensive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
| | - Shu Rong
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Emergency Intensive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Zhao
- Department of Emergency Intensive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Hong
- Department of Emergency Intensive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
| | - Ruilan Wang
- Department of Emergency Intensive Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200082, P.R. China
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Shehata M, Samir A, Dardiri M. Prognostic impact of intensive statin therapy on N-terminal pro-BNP level in non-ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction patients. J Interv Cardiol 2017; 30:514-521. [PMID: 28812321 DOI: 10.1111/joic.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the impact of intensive daily dosing of atorvastatin on in-hospital N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level, left ventricular systolic function and incidence of major adverse cardiac events in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients. BACKGROUND Several studies showed that early initiation of statin therapy in acute coronary syndrome patients has a favorable prognostic impact. METHODS Hundred statin naive patients were prospectively enrolled. Once eligible, patients were randomly assigned to receive either a moderate daily dose that is, 20 mg (Group A) or an intensified daily dose that is, 80 mg (Group B) of atorvastatin, in addition to an equally divided loading dose given 24 and 12 h before coronary angiography (80 mg each). N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels were recorded before and after coronary intervention. Collected data after 3 months included; N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels, left ventricle systolic function and major adverse cardiac events. RESULTS Mean age of the study cohort was 55 ± 10 years, 68% being males. There was no significant difference between both groups concerning procedural data. Group B patients showed a significantly lower N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels at both sampling occasions, i.e., after coronary intervention and 3 months later (P < 0.001). After 3 months, the same group showed higher left ventricle ejection fraction (P < 0.05), with no significant difference between both groups regarding incidence of major adverse cardiac events. CONCLUSION Intensive atorvastatin therapy in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with; lower in-hospital N-terminal pro BNP level and higher LVEF after 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Shehata
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman Samir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - May Dardiri
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Cui SX, Epstein FH. MRI assessment of coronary microvascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase function using myocardial T 1 mapping. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:2246-2253. [PMID: 28782150 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a central role in regulating vascular tone, blood flow, and microvascular permeability. Endothelial dysfunction, including eNOS dysfunction, is an early biomarker of vascular disease. This study aimed to show that myocardial T1 mapping during nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition could assess coronary microvascular eNOS function. METHODS Wild-type mice, eNOS-/- mice, and wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet underwent T1 mapping at baseline and for 20 min after injection of NG -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (LNAME), a NOS inhibitor. First-pass perfusion MRI was performed in wild-type mice at baseline and 5 min after LNAME injection. RESULTS T1 mapping detected an increase in myocardial T1 5 min after an injection of 4 mg/kg LNAME compared with baseline in control mice (T1 = 1515 ± 30 ms with LNAME versus T1 = 1402 ± 30 ms at baseline, P < 0.05). No change in myocardial T1 after LNAME injection was observed in eNOS-/- mice. The change in T1 after LNAME injection was less in high-fat-diet mice (ΔT1 = 31 ± 14 ms at 12 weeks of diet and ΔT1 = 16 ± 17 ms at 18 weeks of diet) compared with mice fed a standard diet (ΔT1 = 113 ± 15 ms), with P < 0.05. First-pass MRI measured similar perfusion at baseline and 5 min after LNAME injection. CONCLUSIONS NOS inhibition causes an increase in myocardial T1 in healthy mice, and this effect is mediated through eNOS. T1 mapping during NOS inhibition detects coronary microvascular eNOS dysfunction in high-fat-diet mice. T1 mapping during NOS inhibition may be useful in preclinical studies aiming to investigate mechanisms underlying and therapies for coronary microvascular eNOS dysfunction. Magn Reson Med 79:2246-2253, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia X Cui
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Darvishi B, Panahi Y, Ghanei M, Farahmand L. Investigating Prevalence and Pattern of Long-term Cardiovascular Disorders in Sulphur Mustard-exposed Victims and Determining Proper Biomarkers for Early Defining, Monitoring and Analysis of Patients’ Feedback on Therapy. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 120:120-130. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Behrad Darvishi
- Chemical Injuries Research Centre; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Yunes Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research Centre; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Centre; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Cancer Genetics Department; Breast Cancer Research Center; ACECR; Tehran Iran
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Nishiyama SK, Zhao J, Wray DW, Richardson RS. Vascular function and endothelin-1: tipping the balance between vasodilation and vasoconstriction. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 122:354-360. [PMID: 27909229 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00772.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor secreted by vascular endothelial cells, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous cardiovascular diseases, yet the direct impact of ET-1 on vascular function remains unclear. Therefore, in seven young (23 ± 1 yr) healthy subjects, we investigated the effect of an intra-arterial infusion of ET-1 on reactive hyperemia (RH) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the popliteal artery following 5 min of suprasystolic cuff occlusion. ET-1 infusion significantly attenuated basal leg blood flow (control: 62 ± 4 ml/min, ET-1: 47 ± 9 ml/min), RH [area-under-curve (AUC); control: 162 ± 15 ml, ET-1: 104 ± 16 ml], and peak RH (control: 572 ± 51 ml/min, ET-1: 412 ± 32 ml/min) (P < 0.05). Administration of ET-1 also reduced FMD (control: 2.4 ± 0.3%, ET-1: 0.5 ± 0.5%) and FMD normalized for shear rate (control: 10.5 × 10-4 ± 2.0 × 10-4%/s-1, ET-1: 0.9 × 10-4 ± 2.8 ×10-4%/s-1). These findings reveal that elevated levels of ET-1 have a significant impact on vascular function, indicating that studies employing RH and FMD as markers of microvascular function and nitric oxide bioavailability, respectively, should exercise caution, as ET-1 can impact these assessments by tipping the balance between vasodilation and vasoconstriction, in favor of the latter.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is recognized as the body's most potent endogenous vasoconstrictor, but the impact of this peptide on vascular function is not well understood. The present study revealed that the intra-arterial administration of ET-1 impaired both microvascular and conduit vessel function of the leg in young, healthy, humans. Studies employing vascular testing in patient cohorts that experience a disease-related increase in ET-1 should thus exercise caution, as ET-1 clearly impairs vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - D Walter Wray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; .,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Yelaware Puttaswamy N, Urooj A. In Vivo Antihypercholesterolemic Potential of Swietenia mahagoni Leaf Extract. CHOLESTEROL 2016; 2016:2048341. [PMID: 27818794 PMCID: PMC5081902 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2048341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation aims to evaluate antihypercholesterolemic potential of Swietenia mahagoni leaf aqueous extract (MAE) in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rat model. In the study, Wistar albino rats (170-220 g) were segregated into 5 groups; all the groups except normal control group were given high fat diet to induce hypercholesterolemia. After induction of cholesterolemia, normal control and positive control groups were treated with saline, statin group was treated with atorvastatin, and remaining two groups received MAE in two doses (250 and 500 mg kg-1 BW) for a treatment period of one month. After the treatment period, weight of rats was recorded and they were anesthetized and decapitated. Blood samples were taken and triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, malondialdehyde (MDA), and urea were determined. Liver and kidney were taken for the estimation of lipid peroxides. The positive control group showed higher values of triglycerides (109 ± 5.1 mg/dL), total cholesterol (134 ± 4.6 mg/dL), LDL-C (44 ± 1.2 mg/dL), MDA, and bile acid content when compared to a normal control group (triglycerides (89 ± 3.2 mg/dL), total cholesterol (72 ± 3.4 mg/dL), and LDL-C (28 ± 1.2 mg/dL)). Treatment with MAE decreased the cholesterol levels, HDL-C, ALT, AST, and bilirubin levels and the effect was dependent on the dose. The results of this study indicated that MAE possesses hypolipidemic potential and thus could be useful in the treatment of hypercholesterolemic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asna Urooj
- Department of Studies in Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore, India
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Allemann Y, Vetter C, Kartal N, Eyer S, Stengel SM, Saner H, Hess OM. Effect of mild endurance exercise training and pravastatin on peripheral vasodilatation of forearm resistance vessels in patients with coronary artery disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 12:332-40. [PMID: 16079640 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjr.0000173104.83732.ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Improved endothelial function may contribute to the beneficial effects of cholesterol lowering therapy in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), but results of the effect of statin therapy on endothelial function are disparate in these patients. Exercise training has been reported to improve endothelial function of patients at risk of or with established CAD. The goal of the study was to compare the effect of mild exercise training or statin therapy on forearm endothelial function in CAD patients with average cholesterol levels. Design and methods Twenty-eight sedentary male patients with angiographically documented CAD and average pretreatment total plasma cholesterol levels (5.1±0.9 mmol/l) aged 42–75 years were included. They were randomly assigned in a 2:1 order to either statin therapy (pravastatin, 40 mg daily) or exercise training therapy (mild endurance exercise three or more times a week). The effects of 10 weeks of either treatment on endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation of forearm resistance vessels was assessed by plethysmography. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed at baseline and after 10 weeks. Results Ten weeks of pravastatin therapy significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (from 3.8±0.6 to 3.1±0.6 mmol/l at study end, P=0.04) and the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (from 4.9±0.8 to 3.7±0.7 mmol/l, P=0.002). Exercise training did not significantly modify the lipid profile. Peak oxygen consumption, maximal achieved workload and exercise duration tended to improve in the exercise training group but remained unchanged in the pravastatin-treated group. Neither 10 weeks of pravastatin nor mild endurance exercise training improved endothelium-dependent or independent vasomotor function in forearm resistance vessels. Conclusions In patients with CAD and average cholesterol levels, 10 weeks of treatment with mild endurance exercise training or with pravastatin failed to improve endothelium-dependent or independent vasomotor function in forearm resistance vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Allemann
- Cardiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Raggi P, Baldassarre D, Day S, de Groot E, Fayad Z. Non-invasive imaging of atherosclerosis regression with magnetic resonance to guide drug development. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:476-482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Weckler N, Leitzbach D, Kalinowski L, Malinski T, Busch AE, Linz W, Kalinowski L. Effect of chronic treatment with the vasopeptidase inhibitor AVE 7688 and ramipril on endothelial function in atherogenic diet rabbits. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 4:191-6. [PMID: 14608526 DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2003.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in Western nations, although improved possibilities regarding diagnosis and therapy now exist. Endothelial dysfunction is triggered by cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, adiposity and smoking, contributing to the common endpoint of atherosclerosis. This study examined the pharmacological effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and combined ACE-neutral endopeptidase (NEP) (vasopeptidase) inhibitors on endothelial dysfunction in the model of hyperlipidaemic rabbits. The focus of the study was to assess endothelial function after treatment with the ACE-NEP inhibitor AVE 7688 (30 mg/kg/day) in comparison to the ACE inhibitor (ACE-I) ramipril (1 mg/kg/day). Different parameters, such as endothelial function, blood pressure (BP), expansion of plaques, endothelial nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2 ) release and plasma levels of various lipidaemic parameters were analysed. Control groups consisted of one group fed only with normal diet, one group fed only with atherogenic diet and the direct control group fed with varied diets (six weeks atherogenic diet followed by 12 weeks normal diet). Since for the treatment of atherosclerosis, a change in feeding is absolutely necessary, in the present study, at the start of the treatments with AVE 7688 and ramipril, the rabbits food was changed to a normal diet. At the end of the study, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was measured in the anaesthetised animals. The values in standard, atherogenic and varied diet-fed rabbits were around 73±2 mmHg. Angiotensin I (Ang I) given intravenous (i.v.) induced a strong increase in MAP of about 20%. In both the treated groups Ang I-induced BP increase was inhibited. In contrast, i.v. bradykinin led to a strong reduction in MAP in both the treated groups of around 50%. Six weeks' feeding with an atherogenic diet in the rabbits induced an enduring endothelial dysfunction despite the food subsequently being changed to a normal chow. All measured parameters indicated a significant favourable effect on endothelial dysfunction as a result of the two treatment regimens. Endothelial function measured in the organ chamber showed somewhat greater improvement in the ACE-NEP treated group than in the ACE-I treated group. The treatment with ramipril, as well as with AVE 7688, restored endothelial function by increasing the ratio of NO to O2- concentration and bioavailability of NO. In this study, a similar protective effect on endothelial function was shown by ACE-NEP inhibition as already seen with ACE inhibitors in an animal model of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Weckler
- DG Cardiovascular Diseases, Aventis Pharma, Frankfurt, 65926, Germany
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Lipoproteins as modulators of atherothrombosis: From endothelial function to primary and secondary coagulation. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 82:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Fukuta H, Goto T, Wakami K, Ohte N. The effect of statins on mortality in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a meta-analysis of propensity score analyses. Int J Cardiol 2016; 214:301-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mori H, Maeda A, Wakabayashi K, Sato T, Sasai M, Tashiro K, Iso Y, Ebato M, Suzuki H. The Effect of Cilostazol on Endothelial Function as Assessed by Flow-Mediated Dilation in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:1168-1177. [PMID: 27169919 PMCID: PMC5098917 DOI: 10.5551/jat.32912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The vascular endothelium plays a key role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a novel way of assessing endothelial function. Cilostazol is a unique antiplatelet drug that also has the potential to improve endothelial function. The objective of this present study was to investigate the effects of cilosatzol on endothelial function as assessed by FMD. Methods: Fifty-one patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were assigned to one of two groups: the Cilostazol(+) group (with cilostazol) and Cilostazol(−) group (without cilostazol). In addition to conventional dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel/ticlopidine, the Cilostazol(+) group (n = 27) was also given cilostazol (100 mg/day). The Cilostazol(−) group (n = 24) did not receive cilostazol. FMD was assessed at enrollment and after 6–9 months. Results: The FMD of both the Cilostazol(+) and Cilostazol(−) groups remained similar at 5.2 (interquartile range: 3.8–8.5) to 5.4 (interquartile range: 4.2–6.7) (P = 0.29) and 5.0 (interquartile range: 3.6–6.4) to 4.9 (interquartile range: 4.0–7.0) (P = 0.38), respectively. However, the diameters of the baseline and maximal brachial arteries tended to increase in the Cilostazol(−) group (baseline: 4.2 ± 0.7 to 4.4 ± 0.7, P = 0.18; maximal: 4.5 ± 0.7 to 4.6 ± 0.7 P = 0.22), whereas that of the Cilostazol(−) group tended to decrease (baseline: 4.1 ± 0.6 to 3.9 ± 0.5, P = 0.10; maximal: 4.3 ± 0.7 to 4.1 ± 0.5, P = 0.05). The rates of change in the baseline diameter (Cilostazol(+): 3.7 ± 9.8% vs. Cilostazol(−): −3.8 ± 12.2%, P = 0.03) and maximal diameter (Cilostazol(+): +3.1 ± 8.9% vs. Cilostazol(−): −4.4 ± 12.0%, P = 0.02) were significantly different. Conclusion: Although cilostazol didn't affect the FMD, there was a significant difference in the rates of change in baseline and maximal brachial artery diameter. This may have a beneficial effect in patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Mori
- Department of Cardiology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital
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Prevention of cardiac dysfunction, kidney fibrosis and lipid metabolic alterations in l-NAME hypertensive rats by sinapic acid--Role of HMG-CoA reductase. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 777:113-23. [PMID: 26945821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of sinapic acid, a bioactive phenolic acid on high blood pressure associated cardiac dysfunction, kidney fibrosis and lipid alterations in N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME) induced hypertensive rats. Sinapic acid was administered to rats orally at a dosage of 40 mg/kg everyday for a period of 4 weeks. Sinapic acid treatment significantly decreased mean arterial pressure, left ventricular end diastolic pressure, organ weights (liver and kidney), lipid peroxidation products in tissues (liver and kidney), activities of hepatic marker enzymes and the levels of renal function markers in serum of l-NAME rats. Sinapic acid treatment also significantly increased the level of plasma nitric oxide metabolites, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in tissues of l-NAME rats. Tissue damage was assessed by histopathological examination. Alterations in plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, level of plasma lipoproteins and tissue lipids were corrected by sinapic acid treatment in l-NAME rats. Sinapic acid treatment significantly decreased the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase in plasma and liver, whereas the activity of lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase was significantly increased in the plasma of hypertensive rats. Docking result showed the interaction between sinapic acid and HMG-CoA reductase. Sinapic acid has shown best ligand binding energy of -5.5 kcal/M. Moreover, in chick embryo model, sinapic acid improved vessel density on chorioallantoic membrane. These results of the present study concludes that sinapic acid acts as a protective agent against hypertension associated cardiac dysfunction, kidney fibrosis and lipid alterations.
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Klotho Contributes to Pravastatin Effect on Suppressing IL-6 Production in Endothelial Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:2193210. [PMID: 27034587 PMCID: PMC4789490 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2193210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Both statins and klotho have been shown to be beneficial in vascular diseases. Interleukin- (IL-) 6 is evidenced as an indicator reflecting the stability of atherosclerotic plaque and involved in the pathogenesis of artery atherosclerosis. However, the relationship between statin, klotho, and IL-6 under an inflammatory environment is unknown. Using primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), pravastatin dose-dependently induced klotho expression in contrast to remarkable suppression to IL-6 expressions determined by qRT-PCR. Moreover, TNF-α-induced IL-6 was partly but significantly blunted by pravastatin detected by ELISA. To further study the role of klotho in modulating IL-6 expression, endothelial cells with klotho overexpression were treated with TNF-α. Importantly, TNF-α-induced IL-6 production was markedly attenuated in klotho-overexpressed cells. In agreement with in vitro data, a marked reduction of klotho mRNA expression was found in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with atherosclerosis. Together, these data suggested that pravastatin could suppress IL-6 production via promoting klotho expression in endothelial cells under inflammatory stimuli.
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Deng Q, Yu X, Xu J, Kou X, Zheng M, Huang F, Huang Q, Wang L. Single frequency intake of α-linolenic acid rich phytosterol esters attenuates atherosclerosis risk factors in hamsters fed a high fat diet. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:23. [PMID: 26843021 PMCID: PMC4739386 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggested phytosterol esters (PE) exhibited an advantage over naturally occurring phytosterols in reducing atherosclerosis risk factors due to improved fat solubility and compatibility. However, the effects of dietary patterns of PE on lipid-lowering activity were limited and inconsistent. This study aimed to explore the effects of dose and frequency of α-linolenic acid rich phytosterol esters (ALA-PE) on cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism markers focused on intestinal cholesterol absorption and bioconversion of ALA in liver. Methods Dose-dependency study Male Syrian golden hamsters were fed high-fat diets (HFD) containing low, medium and high dose of ALA-PE (0.72 %, 2.13 % and 6.39 %) for 6 weeks. The high fat diet contained 89.5 % chow diet, 0.2 % cholesterol, 10 % lard and 0.3 % bile salt. Dose-frequency study Male Syrian golden hamsters were provided: (I) 0.4 mL/100 g peanut oil by gavage once a day; (II) 0.4 mL/100 g ALA-PE by gavage once a day; (III) 0.2 mL/100 g ALA-PE by gavage twice a day; (IV) 0.133 mL/100 g ALA-PE by gavage three times a day; (V) 0.1 mL/100 g ALA-PE by gavage four times a day for 6 weeks with a high-fat diet simultaneously. Results ALA-PE dose-dependently lowered plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations with a maximal decrease of 42 %, 59 % and 73 %, respectively (p < 0.05). Compared to HFD, TC, LDL-C and TG concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.01) in hamsters consumed HFD plus ALA-PE for 1–4 times per day but there were not remarkable differences among different consumption frequencies. No significant changes in plasma antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation levels were observed among HFD and HFD plus different doses of ALA-PE groups. The contents of hepatic α-linolenic (ALA), docosapentaenoic (DPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids were dose-dependently increased in different ALA-PE groups compared to those in HFD group. The abundance of mRNA for intestinal sterol transporters Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1), ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCG5 and ABCG8 indicated no significant differences among all groups. Conclusion ALA-PE dose-dependently improved lipid profile in hamsters fed HFD independent of intestinal ABCG5, ABCG8 and NPC1L1, accompanying by increased conversion of ALA to DPA and DHA in liver. ALA-PE manifested “once a day” lipid-lowering efficacy, highlighting a promising preventive strategy for metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Xiao Yu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Jiqu Xu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Xiuying Kou
- Functional Oil Laboratory Associated by Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Infinite (China) Co., LTD, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Qingde Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Lan Wang
- Institute for Farm Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, 430064, China.
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Shehata M, Fayez G, Nassar A. Intensive Statin Therapy in NSTE-ACS Patients Undergoing PCI: Clinical and Biochemical Effects. Tex Heart Inst J 2015; 42:528-36. [PMID: 26664304 DOI: 10.14503/thij-14-4891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Early initiation of statin therapy in acute coronary syndrome patients has a favorable prognostic impact because of its anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic properties. In this study, we explored the effect of atorvastatin-loading, followed by intensive atorvastatin therapy, on clinical and biochemical outcomes in non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome patients who were scheduled for percutaneous coronary intervention. We prospectively enrolled 140 patients (mean age, 56 ± 9 years, 68% men). Once eligible, patients were randomly assigned to receive either a moderate 20-mg daily dose of atorvastatin (Group A) or a 160-mg loading dose followed by an intensified 80-mg daily dose (Group B). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were recorded before and after intervention. Evaluation after 6 months included hs-CRP levels, left ventricular systolic function, and major adverse cardiac events. We found no significant difference between the 2 groups in regard to the interventional data. However, blood sampling after coronary intervention, and again 6 months later, revealed a significant decline in mean hs-CRP level among Group B patients (P < 0.001). Moreover, patients in Group B manifested a higher left ventricular ejection fraction than did patients in Group A (P < 0.05). After 6 months, we found no significant difference between groups in the incidence of major adverse cardiac events. We conclude that intensive atorvastatin therapy in non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome patients is associated with lower hs-CRP levels and with higher left ventricular ejection fraction after 6 months, with no significant impact on adverse cardiac events.
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Minami T, Satoh K, Nogi M, Kudo S, Miyata S, Tanaka SI, Shimokawa H. Statins up-regulate SmgGDS through β1-integrin/Akt1 pathway in endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 109:151-61. [PMID: 26598509 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The pleiotropic effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) independent of cholesterol-lowering effects have attracted much attention. We have recently demonstrated that the pleiotropic effects of statins are partly mediated through up-regulation of small GTP-binding protein dissociation stimulator (SmgGDS) with a resultant Rac1 degradation and reduced oxidative stress. However, it remains to be elucidated what molecular mechanisms are involved. METHODS AND RESULTS To first determine in what tissue statins up-regulate SmgGDS expression, we examined the effects of two statins (atorvastatin 10 mg/kg per day and pravastatin 50 mg/kg per day for 1 week) on SmgGDS expression in mice in vivo. The two statins increased SmgGDS expression especially in the aorta. Atorvastatin also increased SmgGDS expression in cultured human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human aortic endothelial cells, but not in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, Akt phosphorylation was transiently enhanced only in HUVEC in response to atorvastatin. Then, to examine whether Akt is involved for up-regulation of SmgGDS by statins, we knocked out Akt1 by its siRNA in HUVEC, which abolished the effects by atorvastatin to up-regulate SmgGDS. Furthermore, when we knocked down β1-integrin to elucidate the upstream molecule of Akt1, the effect of atorvastatin to up-regulate SmgGDS was abolished. Finally, we confirmed that Akt activator, SC79, significantly up-regulate SmgGDS in HUVEC. CONCLUSION These results indicate that statins selectively up-regulate SmgGDS in endothelial cells, for which the β1-integrin/Akt1 pathway may be involved, demonstrating the novel aspects of the pleiotropic effects of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Minami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Izunokuni, Japan
| | - Kimio Satoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masamichi Nogi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shun Kudo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miyata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan Laboratory for Pharmacology, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Izunokuni, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Feng A, Chuang E, Wu SH, Wang JC, Chang SN, Lin CL, Kao CH. The effect of statins on the occurrence of peptic ulcer. Eur J Intern Med 2015; 26:731-5. [PMID: 26226858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was to determine the association between the use of statins and the occurrence of peptic ulcer diseases (PUD). METHODS Using the National Health Insurance Research Database to conduct a population-based cohort study. We identified 48,562 patients who were newly diagnosed with hyperlipidemia during the period of 1998 to 2011 and who were divided into two groups based on their use of statins. The non-statin cohort (without statin treatment, 24,139 patients) were 1:1 frequency matched with sex, age, year of diagnosis of hyperlipidemia and index-year to the statin cohort (24,423 patients). The relative risk of patients with and without statins treatment on the occurrence of PUD and concomitant use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and aspirin were analyzed using the univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS The incidence of PUD increased with age in both cohorts and female had a higher occurrence rate than male in both cohorts. Compared with the non-statin cohort, the statin cohort was associated with a significant lower risk of PUD for all age group. The concomitant use of aspirin and/or NSAIDs had higher incidence of PUD than those without in both cohorts. Analyzing the cumulative defined daily dose (DDD) of statins indicated that high-dose groups (≧ 575 DDD) exhibited significantly decreased risk compared with non-statin users. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicated that statins might be associated with the protection of peptic ulcer in a dose-respondent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anning Feng
- Division of Cardiology, Cheng Hisn General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Nation Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eric Chuang
- UC Berkeley Mishler Lab Undergraduate Researcher, Intended B.S. Molecular and Cell Biology, University of CA, Berkeley, USA
| | - Szu-Hsien Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Veterans General Hospital Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Chi Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Veterans General Hospital Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan; National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ni Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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