1
|
He M, Cao Y, Fan Y, Mašek O, Clark JH, Tsang DCW. Revealing roles of CO 2 and N 2 in pressurized hydrothermal carbonization process for enhancing energy recovery and carbon sequestration. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 385:129429. [PMID: 37392964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, CO2- and N2-pressurized hydrothermal carbonization processes were investigated to understand the catalytic effects of CO2 on hydrochar production and its quality (e.g., surface properties, energy recovery, and combustion behaviour). Both CO2- and N2-pressurized HTC processes could enhance the energy recovery (from 61.5% to 63.0-67.8%) in hydrochar by enhancing the dehydration reactions. Nonetheless, the two systems exhibited contrasting trends in volatile release, oxygen removal, and combustion performance as a function of increasing pressure. High N2 pressure enhanced deoxygenation reaction, facilitating the release of volatiles and increasing the hydrochar aromaticity and combustion activation energy (172.7 kJ/mol for HC/5N). Without the contribution of CO2, excessively high pressure may cause an adverse impact on the fuel performance owing to higher oxidation resistance. This study presents an important and feasible strategy to utilise CO2-rich flue gas in the HTC process to produce high-quality hydrochar for renewable energy and carbon recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yinzheng Fan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Crew Building, EH9 3FF, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James H Clark
- Circa Renewable Chemistry Institute, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, York YO105DD, UK
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sellan D, Zhou X, Salvati L, Valluri SK, Dlott DD. In operando measurements of high explosives. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:224202. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0126703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In operando studies of high explosives involve dynamic extreme conditions produced as a shock wave travels through the explosive to produce a detonation. Here, we describe a method to safely produce detonations and dynamic extreme conditions in high explosives and in inert solids and liquids on a tabletop in a high-throughput format. This method uses a shock compression microscope, a microscope with a pulsed laser that can launch a hypervelocity flyer plate along with a velocimeter, an optical pyrometer, and a nanosecond camera that together can measure pressures, densities, and temperatures with high time and space resolution (2 ns and 2 µm). We discuss how a detonation builds up in liquid nitromethane and show that we can produce and study detonations in sample volumes close to the theoretical minimum. We then discuss how a detonation builds up from a shock in a plastic-bonded explosive (PBX) based on HMX (1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane), where the initial steps are hotspot formation and deflagration growth in the shocked microstructure. A method is demonstrated where we can measure thermal emission from high-temperature reactions in every HMX crystal in the PBX, with the intent of determining which configurations produce the critical hot spots that grow and ignite the entire PBX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanalakshmi Sellan
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Xuan Zhou
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Lawrence Salvati
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Siva Kumar Valluri
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Dana D. Dlott
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang M, Wang L, Lyu X, Hua X, Goddard JM, Yang R. Lactulose production from lactose isomerization by chemo-catalysts and enzymes: Current status and future perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108021. [PMID: 35901861 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lactulose, a semisynthetic nondigestive disaccharide with versatile applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries, has received increasing interest due to its significant health-promoting effects. Currently, industrial lactulose production is exclusively carried out by chemical isomerization of lactose via the Lobry de Bruyn-Alberda van Ekenstein (LA) rearrangement, and much work has been directed toward improving the conversion efficiency in terms of lactulose yield and purity by using new chemo-catalysts and integrated catalytic-purification systems. Lactulose can also be produced by an enzymatic route offering a potentially greener alternative to chemo-catalysis with fewer side products. Compared to the controlled trans-galactosylation by β-galactosidase, directed isomerization of lactose with high isomerization efficiency catalyzed by the most efficient lactulose-producing enzyme, cellobiose 2-epimerase (CE), has gained much attention in recent decades. To further facilitate the industrial translation of CE-based lactulose biotransformation, numerous studies have been reported on improving biocatalytic performance through enzyme mediated molecular modification. This review summarizes recent developments in the chemical and enzymatic production of lactulose. Related catalytic mechanisms are also highlighted and described in detail. Emerging techniques that aimed at advancing lactulose production, such as the boronate affinity-based technique and molecular biological techniques, are reviewed. Finally, perspectives on challenges and opportunities in lactulose production and purification are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China; Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaomei Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Julie M Goddard
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dlott DD. Laser pulses into bullets: tabletop shock experiments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10653-10666. [PMID: 35471265 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00418f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article discusses tabletop high-throughput laser experiments on shock waves in solids and liquids, where the more usual laser pump pulse is replaced by a 0.5 mm diameter laser-launched bullet, a thin metal disk called a flyer plate. The hypervelocity flyer (up to 6 km s-1 or Mach 18) can have kinetic energy (∼1 J) to briefly produce extreme conditions of temperature and pressure, thousands of K and tens of GPa (1 GPa = 10 000 bar) in a small volume with a rise time <2 ns. The experiments are performed using a "shock compression microscope", a microscope fitted with the laser flyer launcher plus an optical velocimeter, a high-speed laser interferometer that measures the motion of the flyer plate or the sample material after impact. This makes it possible to generate extreme conditions at the push of a button in an intrinsically safe environment, and probe with any of the diagnostics used in microscope experiments, such as high-speed video, optical emission, nonlinear coherent spectroscopies and so on. The barrier to entering this field is relatively low since many laser laboratories already possess much of the needed instrumentation. A brief introduction to shock waves and instrumentation is presented. Then several examples of recent applications are described, including shocked water, the photophysics of fluorescent molecules under extreme conditions, shocked protein solutions, shocked metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), shocked explosives, chemical catalysis in a shocked liquid, and molecules at shocked interfaces. Since one can shoot a bullet at practically anything, there are many emerging opportunities in chemistry, biophysics, materials science, physics and hypervelocity aerodynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana D Dlott
- School of Chemical Sciences and Fredrick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Box 01-6 CLSL, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ovchinnikov MY, Khursan SL. BEP-Like Correction of Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic Parameters of the Solvent-Assisted Reactions: The DFT and Ab Initio Study of Hydration, Peroxidation, and Enolization of Acetone and 1,1,1-Trifluoroacetone in Aqueous Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7369-7381. [PMID: 34410143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of enolization and reactions of nucleophilic addition to carbonyl compounds were analyzed by density functional theory (DFT) (PBE1PBE) and ab initio (DLPNO-CCSD(T)) level of theory using the interaction of water and hydrogen peroxide with acetone and 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone (TFA) as the reference reactions. The transition states of the studied reactions were localized within the integrated approach that includes both the dielectric continuum theory (polarizable continuum model (PCM)) and the cyclic or two-cluster explicit solvation models. The considered models provide proton transfer in the enolization, hydration, and peroxidation reactions by the Grotthuss mechanism. It is shown that the calculated activation parameters at a sufficiently high level of theory and a sufficiently flexible solvation model can be additionally refined using the Bell-Evans-Polanyi (BEP)-like correction (in a form of the Bell-Evans-Polanyi equation), which is linear scaling of the model potential energy surface according to the equilibrium parameters of the reference reaction (experiment or high-level calculation). Quite good correspondence of the corrected and reference activation parameters and the lower sensitivity of the calculation results to the choice of the solvation model indicate the high reliability of the proposed BEP-like correction technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergey L Khursan
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry UFRC RAS, 71 Prospect Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dettori R, Donadio D. Carbon dioxide, bicarbonate and carbonate ions in aqueous solutions under deep Earth conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10717-10725. [PMID: 32103223 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06904f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of pressure, temperature and acidity on the composition of water-rich carbon-bearing fluids under thermodynamic conditions that correspond to the Earth's deep crust and upper mantle. Our first-principles molecular dynamics simulations provide mechanistic insight into the hydration shell of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate and carbonate ions, and into the pathways of the acid/base reactions that convert these carbon species into one another in aqueous solutions. At temperatures of 1000 K and higher, our simulations can sample the chemical equilibrium of these acid/base reactions, thus allowing us to estimate the chemical composition of diluted carbon dioxide and (bi)carbonate ions as a function of acidity and thermodynamic conditions. We find that, especially at the highest temperature, the acidity of the solution is essential to determine the stability domain of CO2vs. HCO3-vs. CO32-.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Dettori
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lentz J, Garofalini SH. Formation and migration of H3O+ and OH− ions at the water/silica and water/vapor interfaces under the influence of a static electric field: a molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22537-22548. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03656k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Water ‘layers’ 1 and 2 in pink; ‘layer’ 3 in blue and green over portion of glass surface (grey). +90° field causes water migration and clustering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Lentz
- Interfacial Molecular Science Laboratory
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University
- USA
| | - Stephen H. Garofalini
- Interfacial Molecular Science Laboratory
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The influence of temperature on the charging of polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces in electrolyte solutions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
9
|
Fraile A, Smyth M, Kohanoff J, Solov'yov AV. First principles simulation of damage to solvated nucleotides due to shock waves. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:015101. [PMID: 30621408 DOI: 10.1063/1.5028451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a first-principles molecular dynamics study of the effect of shock waves (SWs) propagating in a model biological medium. We find that the SW can cause chemical modifications through varied and complex mechanisms, in particular, phosphate-sugar and sugar-base bond breaks. In addition, the SW promotes the dissociation of water molecules, thus enhancing the ionic strength of the medium. Freed protons can hydrolyze base and sugar rings previously opened by the shock. However, many of these events are only temporary, and bonds reform rapidly. Irreversible damage is observed for pressures above 15-20 GPa. These results are important to gain a better understanding of the microscopic damage mechanisms underlying cosmic-ray irradiation in space and ion-beam cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fraile
- Atomistic Simulation Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Maeve Smyth
- Atomistic Simulation Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Kohanoff
- Atomistic Simulation Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey V Solov'yov
- MBN Research Center, Altenhöferallee 3, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yu B, Wang Y, Wang L, Tan X, Zhang YM, Wang K, Li M, Zou B, Zhang SXA. Spontaneous proton transfer in a series of amphoteric molecules under hydrostatic pressure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17696-17702. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02445j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrostatic pressure has induced intermolecular proton transfer in the crystals of a series of amphoteric molecules, which results in significant color changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang 621000
- China
| | - Lingrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Xiao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Yu-Mo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
| | - Minjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Bo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ren Y, Banishev AA, Suslick KS, Moore JS, Dlott DD. Ultrafast Proton Transfer in Polymer Blends Triggered by Shock Waves. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3974-3977. [PMID: 28251850 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We describe ultrafast proton transfer in the ground electronic state triggered by the use of shock waves created by high-speed impacts. The emission of Nile Red (NR), a polarity sensing dye, was used to probe the effects of shock compression in a series of polymers, including polymer Brønsted bases blended with organic acid proton donors. NR undergoes a shock-induced red-shift due to an increase both in density and in polymer polarity. In blends with poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) and phenol, NR showed an excess shock-induced red-shift with a distinct time dependence not present in controls that are incapable of proton transfer. The excess red-shift first appeared with 0.8 km·s-1 impacts. Occurring in ca. 10 ns, this NR red-shift was caused by the formation of an ion pair created by shock-triggered proton transfer from phenol to PVP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexandr A Banishev
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kenneth S Suslick
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Moore
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dana D Dlott
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang H, Zeuschner J, Eremets M, Troyan I, Willams J. Stable solid and aqueous H2CO3 from CO2 and H2O at high pressure and high temperature. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19902. [PMID: 26813580 PMCID: PMC4728613 DOI: 10.1038/srep19902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic acid (H2CO3) forms in small amounts when CO2 dissolves in H2O, yet decomposes rapidly under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure. Despite its fleeting existence, H2CO3 plays an important role in the global carbon cycle and in biological carbonate-containing systems. The short lifetime in water and presumed low concentration under all terrestrial conditions has stifled study of this fundamental species. Here, we have examined CO2/H2O mixtures under conditions of high pressure and high temperature to explore the potential for reaction to H2CO3 inside celestial bodies. We present a novel method to prepare solid H2CO3 by heating CO2/H2O mixtures at high pressure with a CO2 laser. Furthermore, we found that, contrary to present understanding, neutral H2CO3 is a significant component in aqueous CO2 solutions above 2.4 GPa and 110 °C as identified by IR-absorption and Raman spectroscopy. This is highly significant for speciation of deep C–O–H fluids with potential consequences for fluid-carbonate-bearing rock interactions. As conditions inside subduction zones on Earth appear to be most favorable for production of aqueous H2CO3, a role in subduction related phenomena is inferred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Chemistry and Physics at High Pressures Group and Atmospheric Chemistry Department, PO Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
| | - Janek Zeuschner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Chemistry and Physics at High Pressures Group and Atmospheric Chemistry Department, PO Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mikhail Eremets
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Chemistry and Physics at High Pressures Group and Atmospheric Chemistry Department, PO Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ivan Troyan
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Chemistry and Physics at High Pressures Group and Atmospheric Chemistry Department, PO Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 59, Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Jonathan Willams
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Chemistry and Physics at High Pressures Group and Atmospheric Chemistry Department, PO Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Polo V, Schrock RR, Oro LA. A DFT study of the role of water in the rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenation of acetone. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13881-13884. [PMID: 27841377 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07875c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acetone hydrogenation by [RhH2(PR3)2S2]+ catalysts involves hydride migration to the ketone and subsequent reductive elimination assisted by two water molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Polo
- Departamento de Química Física – Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas complejos (BIFI) – Universidad de Zaragoza
- Facultad de Ciencias 50009
- Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Richard R. Schrock
- Department of Chemistry
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Luis A. Oro
- Universidad de Zaragoza – CSIC
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica – Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Facultad de Ciencias 50009
- Zaragoza
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ni H, Chen Q, Keppler H. Electrical conductivity measurements of aqueous fluids under pressure with a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:115107. [PMID: 25430149 DOI: 10.1063/1.4902152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrical conductivity data of aqueous fluids under pressure can be used to derive the dissociation constants of electrolytes, to assess the effect of ionic dissociation on mineral solubility, and to interpret magnetotelluric data of earth's interior where a free fluid phase is present. Due to limitation on the tensile strength of the alloy material of hydrothermal autoclaves, previous measurements of fluid conductivity were mostly restricted to less than 0.4 GPa and 800 °C. By adapting a Bassett-type hydrothermal diamond anvil cell, we have developed a new method for acquiring electrical conductivity of aqueous fluids under pressure. Our preliminary results for KCl solutions using the new method are consistent with literature data acquired with the conventional method, but the new method has great potential for working in a much broader pressure range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiwei Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hans Keppler
- Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Liu B, Yang J, Wang Q, Han Y, Ma Y, Gao C. Determination of the phase diagram of water and investigation of the electrical transport properties of ices VI and VII. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:14364-9. [PMID: 23880979 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51988k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phase diagram of water near the ice VI-ice VII-liquid triple point and electrical transport properties of these ices have been studied by in situ electrical conductivity measurements in a diamond anvil cell. The obtained phase boundary between ices VI and VII and the melting curve for these ices are in accord with most previous results. The different properties and amount of orientational defects in ice VI and ice VII are associated with abrupt changes in conductivity when a phase transition from ice VI to ice VII occurs. The electrical transport mechanisms of these two ice polymorphs can be understood in terms of the conduction of the already existing ions and Bjerrum defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Liu
- College of Science, Northeast Dianli University, No 169 Changchun Road, Jilin 132012, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Basaran D, Genest A, Lercher JA, Rösch N. Formation of CO2 and Ethane from Propionyl over Platinum: A Density Functional Theory Study. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400204p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Basaran
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Genest
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Institute of High Performance
Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Johannes A. Lercher
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Notker Rösch
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Institute of High Performance
Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
French M, Hamel S, Redmer R. Dynamical screening and ionic conductivity in water from ab initio simulations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:185901. [PMID: 22107646 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.185901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to calculate ionic conductivities of complex fluids from ab initio simulations. This is achieved by combining density functional theory molecular dynamics simulations with polarization theory. Conductivities are then obtained via a Green-Kubo formula using time-dependent effective charges of electronically screened ions. The method is applied to two different phases of warm dense water. We observe large fluctuations in the effective charges; protons can transport effective charges greater than +e for ultrashort time scales. Furthermore, we compare our results with a simpler model of ionic conductivity in water that is based on diffusion coefficients. Our approach can be directly applied to study ionic conductivities of electronically insulating materials of arbitrary composition, e.g., complex molecular mixtures under such extreme conditions that occur deep inside giant planets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin French
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Physik, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
This review discusses new developments in shock compression science with a focus on molecular media. Some basic features of shock and detonation waves, nonlinear excitations that can produce extreme states of high temperature and high pressure, are described. Methods of generating and detecting shock waves are reviewed, especially those using tabletop lasers that can be interfaced with advanced molecular diagnostics. Newer compression methods such as shockless compression and precompression shock that generate states of cold dense molecular matter are discussed. Shock compression creates a metallic form of hydrogen, melts diamond, and makes water a superionic liquid with unique catalytic properties. Our understanding of detonations at the molecular level has improved a great deal as a result of advanced nonequilibrium molecular simulations. Experimental measurements of detailed molecular behavior behind a detonation front might be available soon using femtosecond lasers to produce nanoscale simulated detonation fronts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana D. Dlott
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Noritake A, Hori M, Shigematsu M, Tanahashi M. Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate Using High-pressure Steam Treatment. Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.pj2007237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Guillot
- a Laboratoire de Physique Théorique des Liquides, (CNRS URA 765) Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Boîte 121, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 , Paris Cedex 05 , France
| | - Yves Guissani
- a Laboratoire de Physique Théorique des Liquides, (CNRS URA 765) Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Boîte 121, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 , Paris Cedex 05 , France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Khurana KK, Kivelson MG, Russell CT. Searching for liquid water in Europa by using surface observatories. ASTROBIOLOGY 2002; 2:93-103. [PMID: 12449858 DOI: 10.1089/153110702753621376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Liquid water, as far as we know, is an indispensable ingredient of life. Therefore, locating reservoirs of liquid water in extraterrestrial bodies is a necessary prerequisite to searching for life. Recent geological and geophysical observations from the Galileo spacecraft, though not unambiguous, hint at the possibility of a subsurface ocean in the Jovian moon Europa. After summarizing present evidence for liquid water in Europa, we show that electromagnetic and seismic observations made from as few as two surface observatories comprising a magnetometer and a seismometer offer the best hope of unambiguous characterization of the three-dimensional structure of the ocean and the deeper interior of this icy moon. The observatories would also help us infer the composition of the icy crust and the ocean water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishan K Khurana
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Schwegler E, Galli G, Gygi F, Hood RQ. Dissociation of water under pressure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:265501. [PMID: 11800838 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.265501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The dissociation of water under pressure is investigated with a series of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations at thermodynamic conditions close to those obtained in shock wave experiments. We find that molecular dissociation occurs via a bimolecular process similar to ambient conditions, leading to the formation of short-lived hydronium ions. Up to twofold compression and 2000 K, the oxygen diffusion coefficient is characteristic of a fluid. Our findings do not support models used to estimate the liquid electrical conductivity and interpret Raman spectra that assume the presence of free protons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Schwegler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808 Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chau R, Mitchell AC, Minich RW, Nellis WJ. Electrical conductivity of water compressed dynamically to pressures of 70–180 GPa (0.7–1.8 Mbar). J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1332079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
26
|
Sato H, Hirata F. Ab Initio Study on Molecular and Thermodynamic Properties of Water: A Theoretical Prediction of pKw over a Wide Range of Temperature and Density. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9911806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Theoretical Study, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Fumio Hirata
- Department of Theoretical Study, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hayert M, Perrier-Cornet JM, Gervais P. A Simple Method for Measuring the pH of Acid Solutions Under High Pressure. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp983204z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Hayert
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Alimentaires et Biotechnologiques, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation, 1, esplanade Erasme, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Marie Perrier-Cornet
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Alimentaires et Biotechnologiques, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation, 1, esplanade Erasme, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Patrick Gervais
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Alimentaires et Biotechnologiques, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biologie Appliquée à la Nutrition et à l'Alimentation, 1, esplanade Erasme, F-21000 Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fontanella J, Wintersgill M, Wainright J, Savinell R, Litt M. High pressure electrical conductivity studies of acid doped polybenzimidazole. Electrochim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(97)10032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
29
|
Zheng H, Xie H, Xu Y, Song M, Guo J, Zhang Y. The electrical conductivity of H2O at 0.21– 4.18 GPa and 20–350°C. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02882610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
30
|
Fontanella JJ, Edmondson CA, Wintersgill MC, Wu Y, Greenbaum SG. High-Pressure Electrical Conductivity and NMR Studies in Variable Equivalent Weight NAFION Membranes. Macromolecules 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9600926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
31
|
Computer Simulations of Aqueous Fluids at High Temperatures and Pressures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4612-2842-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
32
|
Oelkers EH, Helgeson HC. Calculation of the transport properties of aqueous species at pressures to 5 KB and temperatures to 1000�C. J SOLUTION CHEM 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00650999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
33
|
Nellis WJ, Hamilton DC, Holmes NC, Radousky HB, Ree FH, Mitchell AC, Nicol M. The Nature of the Interior of Uranus Based on Studies of Planetary Ices at High Dynamic Pressure. Science 1988; 240:779-81. [PMID: 17741451 DOI: 10.1126/science.240.4853.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Data from the Voyager II spacecraft showed that Uranus has a large magnetic field with geometry similar to an offset tilted dipole. To interpret the origin of the magnetic field, measurements were made of electrical conductivity and equation-of-state data of the planetary "ices" ammonia, methane, and "synthetic Uranus" at shock pressures and temperatures up to 75 gigapascals and 5000 K. These pressures and temperatures correspond to conditions at the depths at which the surface magnetic field is generated. Above 40 gigapascals the conductivities of synthetic Uranus, water, and ammonia plateau at about 20(ohm-cm)(-1), providing an upper limit for the electrical conductivity used in kinematic or dynamo calculations. The nature of materials at the extreme conditions in the interior is discussed.
Collapse
|
34
|
Aldrich P, Thurow S, McKennon M, Lyssy M. Dielectric relaxation due to absorbed water in various thermosets. POLYMER 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(87)90389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
35
|
Holmes NC, Nellis WJ, Graham WB, Walrafen GE. Spontaneous Raman scattering from shocked water. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1985; 55:2433-2436. [PMID: 10032143 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.55.2433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
36
|
|
37
|
Mitchell AC, Nellis WJ. Equation of state and electrical conductivity of water and ammonia shocked to the 100 GPa (1 Mbar) pressure range. J Chem Phys 1982. [DOI: 10.1063/1.443030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
38
|
Carlon HR. Infrared water vapor continuum absorption: equilibria of ions and neutral water clusters. APPLIED OPTICS 1981; 20:1316-1322. [PMID: 20309306 DOI: 10.1364/ao.20.001316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of (C(o)(s))lambda, the self-broadening coefficient for the water vapor continuum absorption at wavelength lambda, can be modeled by the equilibrium ion product of water which is tabulated widely in physics texts and handbooks. A theoretical basis for this modeling is developed from water cluster theory, and it is shown that experimental values of (C(o)(s))lambda. could be seriously in error, especially at high temperatures, if the saturation ratio (fractional RH) of water vapor is not taken into account by the experimenter for reasons other than normalization of the coefficient for partial pressure of the sample. An explanation is suggested for the departure of (C(o)(s))lambda from the usual negative dependence on increasing water vapor temperature in some experiments. Figures are given showing equilibrium sizes and populations of neutral water clusters and ions in water vapor as functions of humidity and temperature, based in part on data of Bignell and other workers.
Collapse
|
39
|
Mentus SV. The ionic conductivity of high-temperature liquids. J Chem Phys 1979. [DOI: 10.1063/1.438352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
40
|
|
41
|
Thermodynamics of ionization of water over wide ranges of temperature and pressure. J SOLUTION CHEM 1975. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00649154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
42
|
|
43
|
|
44
|
|