1
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Lee J, Won W, Kim JW. Python-Based Algorithm for Estimating the Parameters of Physical Property Models for Substances Not Available in Database. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11895-11909. [PMID: 38497013 PMCID: PMC10938410 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
An in-house Python-based algorithm was developed using simplified molecular-input line-entry specification (SMILES) strings and a dipole moment for estimating the normal boiling point, critical properties, standard enthalpy, vapor pressure, liquid molar volume, enthalpy of vaporization, heat capacity, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and surface tension of molecules. Normal boiling point, critical properties, and standard enthalpy were estimated by using the Joback group contribution method. Vapor pressure, liquid molar volume, enthalpy of vaporization, heat capacity, and surface tension were estimated by using the Riedel model, Gunn-Yamada model, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, Joback group contribution method, and Brock-Bird model, respectively. Viscosities of liquid and gas were estimated by using the Letsou-Stiel model and the Chapman-Enskog-Brokaw model, respectively. Thermal conductivities of liquid and gas were estimated by using the Sato-Riedel model and Stiel-Thodos model, respectively. Dipole moment was calculated through molecular dynamics simulation using the MMFF94 force field, performed with Avogadro software. A case study was conducted with dihydro-2-methyl-3-furanone (DHMF), 2-furaldehyde diethyl acetal (FDA), 1,1-diethoxy-3-methyl butane (DEMB), glutathione (GSH), vitamin B5 (VITB5), homocysteine (HCYS), and O-acetyl-l-homoserine (AH), which are not present in the existing property database. Cross-validation indicated that the developed Python-based algorithm provided pure component model parameters nearly identical with those obtained with the Aspen Property Constant Estimation System (PCES) method, except for the enthalpy of vaporization. The parameters for estimating the enthalpy of vaporization using the current Python-based algorithm accurately represented the behavior of the actual substances, as determined using the Clausius-Claperyon equation. This Python-based algorithm provides a detailed and clear reference for estimating pure property parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Lee
- CJ
BIO Research Institute, CJ CheilJedang Corp., Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do 16495, Republic
of Korea
| | - Wangyun Won
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jun-Woo Kim
- CJ
BIO Research Institute, CJ CheilJedang Corp., Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do 16495, Republic
of Korea
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2
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Liu J, Li C, Zhang X, Zhang H, Tang J, Dong Y. Modeling of NO mass transfer characteristics absorbed in sodium persulfate solution with a bubble reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37128141 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2206354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sodium persulfate solution is considered as an effective wet denitrification medium, however, it is unclear that the influence of the operating conditions on mass transfer characteristics parameters during the absorption of NO with sodium persulfate solution. To determine the key mass transfer characteristics parameters, the specific interfacial area a and the mass transfer coefficients kL, kG, were determined based on the Danckwerts method during CO2 absorption in a bubble column. kL, kG and a were calculated by correlations between the mass transfer coefficients of NO and CO2. Results showed that the specific interfacial area increased 77.64 m-1, the liquid phase mass transfer coefficient increased 2.49 × 10-4 m·s-1, and the gas phase mass transfer coefficient increased 0.71 × 10-5 mol·Pa-1·s-1·m-2 with superficial gas velocity increasing from 0.6 to 1.4 L·min-1. With the temperature of sodium persulfate solution increasing from 293 to 333 K, the specific interfacial area decreased 42.66 m-1, while the liquid phase mass transfer coefficient and the gas phase mass transfer coefficient increased 3.89 × 10-4 m·s-1 and 1.18 × 10-5 mol·Pa-1·s-1·m-2, respectively. The experiments results determined the correlations of a, kL, and kG with the temperature of the absorption phase and the superficial velocity of the gas. It can serve as a guide to the enhancement of the sodium persulfate wet denitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chang Li
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiyun Tang
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- School of Energy and Control Engineering, Changji University, Changji, China
| | - Yong Dong
- National Engineering Lab for Coal-fired Pollutants Emission Reduction, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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3
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Ramírez CA. Quantitative relationship between interfacial curvature due to a liquid’s surface tension and the binary gas diffusivity estimates obtained in an isothermal Stefan column. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2023.2177540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Ramírez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
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4
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Jäger A, Steinberg L, Mickoleit E, Thol M. Residual Entropy Scaling for Long-Chain Linear Alkanes and Isomers of Alkanes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Jäger
- Institute of Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 14, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - L. Steinberg
- Thermodynamics, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - E. Mickoleit
- Institute of Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 14, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - M. Thol
- Thermodynamics, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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5
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Loianno V. On the measurement of the mutual diffusivity of binary gas mixtures with FTIR Spectroscopy. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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6
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Thermal conductivity prediction of pure refrigerants and mixtures based on entropy-scaling concept. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Crossover Residual Entropy Scaling of the Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Dioxide. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Price CL, Kaur Kohli R, Shokoor B, Davies JF. Connecting the Phase State and Volatility of Dicarboxylic Acids at Elevated Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6963-6972. [PMID: 36150212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The partitioning of semivolatile organic molecules between condensed phases and the vapor phase has broad application across a range of scientific disciplines, with significant impacts in atmospheric chemistry for regulating the evolving composition of aerosol particles. Vapor partitioning depends on the molecular interactions and phase state of the condensed material and shows a well-established dependence on temperature. The phase state of solid organic material is not always well-defined, and many examples can be found for the formation of amorphous subcooled liquid states rather than crystalline solids. This can lead to significant changes to vapor equilibrium processes by modifying the thermodynamics and kinetics of evaporation. Here, we explore the influence of phase state on the evaporation dynamics of a series of straight-chain dicarboxylic acids across a range of above-ambient temperatures. These molecules show an odd/even alteration in some of their properties based on the number of carbon atoms that may be connected to their phase state under dry conditions. Using a newly developed linear-quadrupole electrodynamic balance, we levitate single particles containing the sample and expose them to dry conditions across a range of temperatures (ambient to ∼350 K). Using the rate of evaporation measured from the change in the size or relative mass, we derive the vapor pressure and enthalpy of vaporization. Light scattering data allows for unambiguous identification of the phase of the particles (crystal vs amorphous) allowing the vapor equilibrium properties to be attributed to a particular state. This work highlights a new experimental method for characterizing vapor pressures of low volatility substances and extends the temperature range of available data for the vapor pressure of terminal dicarboxylic acids. These measurements show that crystalline and subcooled liquid states persist at elevated temperatures and provide a direct comparison between subcooled and crystal phases under the same experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ravleen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Bilal Shokoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - James F Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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9
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Li X, Kang K, Gu Y, Wang X. Viscosity prediction of pure refrigerants applying the residual entropy scaling theory coupled with a “Generalized Chart” parametrization method for the Statistical Associating Fluid Theory. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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Gupta S, Islam MR, Crosthwaite J, Singh AR, Berger M, Molnar M, Wang L, Storer J. Industrial Expectations of a Pure Component Database for Thermodynamic and Transport Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumnesh Gupta
- The Dow Chemical Company, 1254 Enclave Parkway, Houston, Texas 77077, United States
| | - M. Rashedul Islam
- The Dow Chemical Company, 1254 Enclave Parkway, Houston, Texas 77077, United States
| | - Jacob Crosthwaite
- The Dow Chemical Company, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, United States
| | - Aayush R. Singh
- Dow Silicones Corporation, 2200 W. Salzburg Road, Midland, Michigan 48640, United States
| | - Michael Berger
- Dow Olefinverbund GmbH, Straße B 13, Schkopau, 06258, Germany
| | - Michael Molnar
- Dow Silicones Corporation, 2200 W. Salzburg Road, Midland, Michigan 48640, United States
| | - Le Wang
- The Dow Chemical Company, Edgar C. Britton Building, 220 Abner Jackson Parkway, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Joey Storer
- The Dow Chemical Company, 693 Washington Street, Midland, Michigan 48640, United States
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11
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Diffusion Coefficients in Systems Related to Reservoir Fluids: Available Data and Evaluation of Correlations. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular diffusion determines the time to reach local equilibrium in a reservoir. It can be a main production mechanism in scenarios such as production from fractured reservoirs or tight formation. However, there is a lack of high-pressure diffusion coefficients for reservoir fluids and its related systems. Many correlations exist, but there is no consensus on their accuracy for these systems. We provide a systematic review of the available data for systems related to reservoir fluids, as well as a comprehensive comparison of five commonly used correlations for hydrocarbon mixtures, including the extended Sigmund, Riazi-Whitson, Leahy-Dios-Firoozabadi, Wilke–Chang, and the Hayduk–Minhas correlations. We collected extensive data of diffusion coefficients in binary mixtures related to petroleum fluids and established a database of over 80 binaries and 1600 data points. We also collected the data for gas diffusion in different oils and reservoir fluids, but the data in high-pressure live oils are extremely scarce. The five correlations were evaluated using the binary database, and a few selected correlations using the oil database. None of the correlations show consistent and dominant superiority for all the binary mixtures, although some are better for particular groups/regions. For oils and reservoir fluids, the composition information is often incomplete. Only a few sets allow a comparison between different correlations. Although some trends can be identified from the correlation evaluation, no conclusive recommendation is made for a particular model, due to the data scarcity. The findings underscore the need for more accurate measurement and modeling of gas diffusion in mixtures that are more representative of reservoir fluids at high pressures.
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12
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Krammer A, Peham M, Lehner M. 2D heterogeneous model of a polytropic methanation reactor. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Density and viscosity of liquid mixtures formed by n-hexane, ethanol, and cyclopentyl methyl ether. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Kang K, Gu Y, Wang X. Assessment and development of the viscosity prediction capabilities of entropy scaling method coupled with a modified binary interaction parameter estimation model for refrigerant blends. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Huber ML, Lemmon EW, Bell IH, McLinden MO. The NIST REFPROP Database for Highly Accurate Properties of Industrially Important Fluids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022; 61:15449-15472. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia L. Huber
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Mailstop 647.08, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Eric W. Lemmon
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Mailstop 647.08, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Ian H. Bell
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Mailstop 647.08, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Mark O. McLinden
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Mailstop 647.08, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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16
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The Role of Diffusivity in Oil and Gas Industries: Fundamentals, Measurement, and Correlative Techniques. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10061194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of various native or nonnative species/fluids, along with having more than one phase in the subsurface and within the integrated production and injection systems, generates unique challenges as the pressure, temperature, composition and time (P-T-z and t) domains exhibit multi-scale characteristics. In such systems, fluid/component mixing, whether for natural reasons or man-made reasons, is one of the most complex aspects of the behavior of the system, as inherent compositions are partially or all due to these phenomena. Any time a gradient is introduced, these systems try to converge thermodynamically to an equilibrium state while being in the disequilibrium state at scale during the transitional process. These disequilibrium states create diffusive gradients, which, in the absence of flow, control the mixing processes leading to equilibrium at a certain time scale, which could also be a function of various time and length scales associated with the system. Therefore, it is crucial to understand these aspects, especially when technologies that need or utilize these concepts are under development. For example, as the technology of gas-injection-based enhanced oil recovery, CO2 sequestration and flooding have been developed, deployed and applied to several reservoirs/aquifers worldwide, performing research on mass-transfer mechanisms between gas, oil and aqueous phases became more important, especially in terms of optimal design considerations. It is well-known that in absence of direct frontal contact and convective mixing, diffusive mixing is one of most dominant mass-transfer mechanisms, which has an impact on the effectiveness of the oil recovery and gas injection processes. Therefore, in this work, we review the fundamentals of diffusive mixing processes in general terms and summarize the theoretical, experimental and empirical studies to estimate the diffusion coefficients at high pressure—temperature conditions at various time and length scales relevant to reservoir-fluid systems.
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17
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Wilkner K, Mücke R, Baumann S, Meulenberg WA, Guillon O. Sensitivity of Material, Microstructure and Operational Parameters on the Performance of Asymmetric Oxygen Transport Membranes: Guidance from Modeling. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060614. [PMID: 35736321 PMCID: PMC9230686 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen transport membranes can enable a wide range of efficient energy and industrial applications. One goal of development is to maximize the performance by the improvement of the material, microstructural properties and operational conditions. However, the complexity of the transportation processes taking place in such commonly asymmetric membranes impedes the identification of the parameters to improve them. In this work, we present a sensitivity study that allows identification of these parameters. It is based on a 1D transport model that includes surface exchange, ionic and electronic transport inside the dense membrane, as well as binary diffusion, Knudsen diffusion and viscous flux inside the porous support. A support limitation factor is defined and its dependency on the membrane conductivity is shown. For materials with very high ambipolar conductivity the transport is limited by the porous support (in particular the pore tortuosity), whereas for materials with low ambipolar conductivity the transport is limited by the dense membrane. Moreover, the influence of total pressure and related oxygen partial pressures in the gas phase at the membrane's surfaces was revealed to be significant, which has been neglected so far in permeation test setups reported in the literature. In addition, the accuracy of each parameter's experimental determination is discussed. The model is well-suited to guiding experimentalists in developing high-performance gas separation membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wilkner
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK-1), D-52425 Jülich, Germany; (R.M.); (S.B.); (W.A.M.); (O.G.)
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance: JARA-Energy, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Ceramics and Refractory Materials, Institute of Mineral Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, D-52064 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Robert Mücke
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK-1), D-52425 Jülich, Germany; (R.M.); (S.B.); (W.A.M.); (O.G.)
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance: JARA-Energy, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stefan Baumann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK-1), D-52425 Jülich, Germany; (R.M.); (S.B.); (W.A.M.); (O.G.)
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance: JARA-Energy, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK-1), D-52425 Jülich, Germany; (R.M.); (S.B.); (W.A.M.); (O.G.)
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance: JARA-Energy, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- Inorganic Membranes, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Guillon
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK-1), D-52425 Jülich, Germany; (R.M.); (S.B.); (W.A.M.); (O.G.)
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance: JARA-Energy, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Ceramics and Refractory Materials, Institute of Mineral Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, D-52064 Aachen, Germany
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18
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Lozben EM, Lebedev AV, Deminsky MA, Granovsky AA, Potapkin BV. Reaction of Molecular Sulfur in the Electronically Excited State S2(a1Δg) with Hydrogen Sulfide. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793122030095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Dehbi A, King S, Mitrakos D. Erosion of a helium-rich layer by a steam jet in the presence of an inclined grid: Comparison of the predictions by URANS, STRUC-URANS and LES. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2022.111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Ramírez CA. Chemical engineering contributions resulting in an improved understanding of the Stefan diffusion column: A 150-year perspective. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2022.2053682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Ramírez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
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21
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Simulation of Mass and Heat Transfer in an Evaporatively Cooled PEM Fuel Cell. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15082734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Evaporative cooling is a promising concept to improve proton exchange membrane fuel cells. While the particular concept based on gas diffusion layers (GDLs) modified with hydrophilic lines (HPILs) has recently been demonstrated, there is a lack in the understanding of the mass and heat transport processes. We have developed a 3-D, non-isothermal, macro-homogeneous numerical model focusing on one interface between a HPIL and an anode gas flow channel (AGFC). In the base case model, water evaporates within a thin film adjacent to the interfaces of the HPIL with the AGFC and with the hydrophobic anode GDL. The largest part of the generated water vapor leaves the cell via the AGFC. The transport to the cathode side is shown to be partly limited by the ab-/desorption into/from the membrane. The cooling due to the latent heat has a strong effect on the local evaporation rate. An increase of the mass transfer coefficient for evaporation leads to a transport limited regime inside the MEA while the transport via the AGFC is limited by evaporation kinetics.
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22
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Nguyen TL, Perera A. Reaction of Methylidyne with Ethane: The C-C Insertion Is Unimportant. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1966-1972. [PMID: 35302775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-accuracy coupled-cluster calculations in combination with the E,J-resolved master-equation analysis are used to study the reaction mechanism and kinetics of methylidyne with ethane. This reaction plays an important role in the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels and in interstellar chemistry. Two distinct mechanisms, the C-C and the C-H insertions of CH in C2H6, are characterized. The C-C insertion pathway is identified to have a large barrier of 34.5 kcal mol-1 and hence plays no significant role in kinetics. The C-H insertion pathway is found to have no barrier, leading to a highly vibrationally excited n-C3H7 radical, which rapidly dissociates (within 50 ps) to yield CH3 + C2H4 and H + C3H6 in a roughly 7:3 ratio. These findings are in good agreement with an experimental result that indicates that about 20% of the reaction goes to H + C3H6. The reaction of the electronically excited quartet state of the CH radical with C2H6 is examined for the first time and found to proceed as a direct H-abstraction via a small barrier of 0.4 kcal mol-1 to yield triplet CH2 and C2H5. The reaction on the quartet state surface is negligibly slow at low temperatures characteristic of interstellar environments but becomes important at high combustion temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Lam Nguyen
- Quantum Theory Project, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ajith Perera
- Quantum Theory Project, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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23
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A Theoretical Study on the Mechanism and Kinetics of the Dimeric TrimethylAluminum + O2 Reaction in the Gas Phase: A Potential Chain-initiation in the Hypergolic Combustion of TMA in Air. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Nguyen TL, Bross DH, Ruscic B, Ellison GB, Stanton J. Mechanism, Thermochemistry, and Kinetics of the Reversible Reactions: C2H3 + H2 ⇌ C2H4 + H ⇌ C2H5. Faraday Discuss 2022; 238:405-430. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00124h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-level coupled cluster theory, in conjunction with Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT) and E,J-resolved master equation calculations were used in a study of the title reactions, which play an important role...
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25
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Nguyen TL, Perera A, Peeters J. High-accuracy first-principles-based rate coefficients for the reaction of OH and CH 3OOH. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26684-26691. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03919b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The ˙OH-initiated oxidation of methyl hydroperoxide was theoretically characterized using high-accuracy composite amHEAT-345(Q) coupled-cluster calculations followed by a two-dimensional E,J resolved master equation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Lam Nguyen
- Quantum Theory Project, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ajith Perera
- Quantum Theory Project, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jozef Peeters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Song B, Gao B, Han P, Yu Y, Tang X. Numerical Simulation of Gas Phase Reaction for Epitaxial Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Carbide by Methyltrichlorosilane in Horizontal Hot-Wall Reactor. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247532. [PMID: 34947132 PMCID: PMC8706549 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Methyltrichlorosilane (CH3SiCl3, MTS) has good performance in stoichiometric silicon carbide (SiC) deposition and can be facilitated at relatively lower temperature. Simulations of the chemical vapor deposition in the two-dimensional horizontal hot-wall reactor for epitaxial processes of SiC, which were prepared from MTS-H2 gaseous system, were performed in this work by using the finite element method. The chemistry kinetic model of gas-phase reactions employed in this work was proposed by other researchers. The total gas flow rate, temperature, and ratio of MTS/H2 were the main process parameters in this work, and their effects on consumption rate of MTS, molar fraction of intermediate species and C/Si ratio inside the hot reaction chamber were analyzed in detail. The phenomena of our simulations are interesting. Both low total gas flow rate and high substrate temperature have obvious effectiveness on increasing the consumption rate of MTS. For all cases, the highest three C contained intermediates are CH4, C2H4 and C2H2, respectively, while the highest three Si/Cl contained intermediates are SiCl2, SiCl4 and HCl, respectively. Furthermore, low total gas flow results in a uniform C/Si ratio at different temperatures, and reducing the ratio of MTS/H2 is an interesting way to raise the C/Si ratio in the reactor.
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27
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Malatesta WA, Yang B. Aviation Turbine Fuel Thermal Conductivity: A Predictive Approach Using Entropy Scaling-Guided Machine Learning with Experimental Validation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28579-28586. [PMID: 34746553 PMCID: PMC8567267 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Although typical aircraft fuel thermal management analysis relies upon temperature-dependent thermodynamic and transport properties of aviation turbine fuel, the variation in properties associated with compositional variation in fuels and the subsequent impacts on system performance are not well established. With this in mind, the present work aimed to develop a predictive model of aviation turbine fuel thermal conductivity which utilized only compositional (hydrocarbon) and state (temperature and pressure) inputs and had errors within the bounds of typical uncertainty of the associated test data (3%). A novel modeling approach was developed to predict thermal conductivity using pseudo-component entropy scaling techniques with a machine learning-developed intermediate step in the overall model. Simple hyper-parameter optimization techniques were developed to promote model stability, computational efficiency, and long-term repeatability of the novel architecture. Validation data were gathered which included four fuel samples (3 JP-5 and 1 F-24), which underwent two-dimensional gas chromatography compositional testing and temperature-dependent density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat testing. Model performance on the validation data set assembled from the literature data and present efforts showed an average deviation of 1% and an absolute average deviation of 2.5%. Model outputs outside the validation range are well-behaved and are expected to perform well on a large range of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures with the overall process expected to be well suited to prediction of other properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Anthony Malatesta
- Propulsion
and Power Department, Naval Air Systems
Command, 48298 Shaw Rd, Bldg 1461, Patuxent River, Maryland 20670, United States
| | - Bao Yang
- Center for
Environmental Energy Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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28
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Cardenas C, Latifi AM, Vallières C, Marsteau S, Sigot L. Analysis of an industrial adsorption process based on ammonia chemisorption: Modeling and simulation. Comput Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2021.107474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Cardona LF, Forero LA, Velásquez JA. Extension of a Group Contribution Method to Predict Viscosity Based on Momentum Transport Theory Using a Modified Peng–Robinson EoS. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. Cardona
- Pulp and Paper Research Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, A.A. 56006, Medellín 050031, Antioquia, Colombia
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, Transversal 51A No. 67B-90, Medellín 050031, Colombia
| | - Luis A. Forero
- Pulp and Paper Research Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, A.A. 56006, Medellín 050031, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Jorge A. Velásquez
- Pulp and Paper Research Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, A.A. 56006, Medellín 050031, Antioquia, Colombia
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30
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Stierle R, Gross J. Hydrodynamic density functional theory for mixtures from a variational principle and its application to droplet coalescence. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:134101. [PMID: 34624998 DOI: 10.1063/5.0060088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic density functional theory (DDFT) allows the description of microscopic dynamical processes on the molecular scale extending classical DFT to non-equilibrium situations. Since DDFT and DFT use the same Helmholtz energy functionals, both predict the same density profiles in thermodynamic equilibrium. We propose a molecular DDFT model, in this work also referred to as hydrodynamic DFT, for mixtures based on a variational principle that accounts for viscous forces as well as diffusive molecular transport via the generalized Maxwell-Stefan diffusion. Our work identifies a suitable expression for driving forces for molecular diffusion of inhomogeneous systems. These driving forces contain a contribution due to the interfacial tension. The hydrodynamic DFT model simplifies to the isothermal multicomponent Navier-Stokes equation in continuum situations when Helmholtz energies can be used instead of Helmholtz energy functionals, closing the gap between micro- and macroscopic scales. We show that the hydrodynamic DFT model, although not formulated in conservative form, globally satisfies the first and second law of thermodynamics. Shear viscosities and Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficients are predicted using an entropy scaling approach. As an example, we apply the hydrodynamic DFT model with a Helmholtz energy density functional based on the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory equation of state to droplet and bubble coalescence in one dimension and analyze the influence of additional components on coalescence phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Stierle
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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31
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Otter D, Dieler M, Dänekas V, Geitner C, Krätz L, Holdt H, Bart H. Modelling adsorption based on an isoreticular
MOF
‐series of
IFPs
—Part
II
: Dynamic adsorption in fixed beds. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Otter
- Lehrstuhl für Thermische Verfahrenstechnik Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Max Dieler
- Lehrstuhl für Thermische Verfahrenstechnik Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Volker Dänekas
- Lehrstuhl für Thermische Verfahrenstechnik Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
| | | | - Lorenz Krätz
- Lehrstuhl für Thermische Verfahrenstechnik Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Holdt
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie Universität Potsdam Potsdam Germany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Bart
- Lehrstuhl für Thermische Verfahrenstechnik Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Kaiserslautern Germany
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32
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Dehlouz A, Privat R, Galliero G, Bonnissel M, Jaubert JN. Revisiting the Entropy-Scaling Concept for Shear-Viscosity Estimation from Cubic and SAFT Equations of State: Application to Pure Fluids in Gas, Liquid and Supercritical States. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aghilas Dehlouz
- École Nationale Supérieure des Industries Chimiques, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (UMR CNRS 7274), Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France
- Gaztransport & Technigaz (GTT), 1 route de Versailles, 78470 Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse, France
| | - Romain Privat
- École Nationale Supérieure des Industries Chimiques, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (UMR CNRS 7274), Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Guillaume Galliero
- E2S UPPA, CNRS Total Energies, LFCR UMR 5150, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour 64000 Pau, France
| | - Marc Bonnissel
- Gaztransport & Technigaz (GTT), 1 route de Versailles, 78470 Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse, France
| | - Jean-Noël Jaubert
- École Nationale Supérieure des Industries Chimiques, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (UMR CNRS 7274), Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France
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33
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Nguyen TL, Peeters J. The CH(X 2Π) + H 2O reaction: two transition state kinetics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16142-16149. [PMID: 34296725 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02234b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of ground state methylidyne (CH) with water vapor (H2O) is theoretically re-investigated using high-level coupled cluster computations in combination with semi-classical transition state theory (SCTST) and two-dimensional master equation simulations. Insertion of CH into a H-O bond of H2O over a submerged barrier via a well-skipping mechanism yielding solely H and CH2O is characterized. The reaction kinetics is effectively determined by the formation of a pre-reaction van der Waals complex (PRC, HC-OH2) and its subsequent isomerization to activated CH2OH in competition with PRC re-dissociation. The tunneling effects are found to be minor, while variational effects in the PRC → CH2OH step are negligible. The calculated rate coefficient k(T) is nearly pressure-independent, but strongly depends on temperature with pronounced down-up behavior: a high value of 2 × 10-10 cm3 s-1 at 50 K, followed by a fairly steep decrease down to 8 × 10-12 cm3 s-1 at 900 K, but increasing again to 5 × 10-11 cm3 s-1 at 3500 K. Over the T-range of this work, k(T) can be expressed as: k(T, P = 0) = 2.31 × 10-11 (T/300 K)-1.615 exp(-38.45/T) cm3 s-1 for T = 50-400 K k(T, P = 0) = 1.15 × 10-12 (T/300 K)0.8637 exp(892.6/T) cm3 s-1 for T = 400-1000 K k(T, P = 0) = 4.57 × 10-15 (T/300 K)3.375 exp(3477.4/T) cm3 s-1 for T = 1000-3500 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Lam Nguyen
- Quantum Theory Project, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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34
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Nguyen TL, Ravishankara AR, Franke PR, Stanton JF. Thermal Decomposition of CH 3O: A Curious Case of Pressure-Dependent Tunneling Effects. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6761-6771. [PMID: 34343002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The thermal unimolecular decomposition of a methoxy radical (CH3O), a key intermediate in the combustion of methane, methanol, and other hydrocarbons, was studied using high-level coupled-cluster calculations, followed by E,J-resolved master equation analyses. The experimental results available for a wide range of temperature and pressure are in striking agreement with the calculations. In line with a previous theoretical study that used a one-dimensional master equation, the tunneling correction is found to exhibit a marked pressure dependence, being the largest at low pressure. This curious effect on the tunneling enhancement also affects the calculated kinetic isotope effect, which falls initially with pressure but is predicted to rise again at high pressures. These findings serve to reconcile a set of conflicting results regarding the importance of tunneling in this prototype unimolecular reaction and also motivate further experimental investigation. This study also exemplifies how changes in the energy redistribution due to collisions manifest in the tunneling rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Lam Nguyen
- Quantum Theory Project, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - A R Ravishankara
- Departments of Chemistry and Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Peter R Franke
- Quantum Theory Project, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - John F Stanton
- Quantum Theory Project, Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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35
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Gonçalves CIS, Silva GM, Ndiaye PM, Tavares FW. Helmholtz Scaling: An Alternative Approach to Calculate Viscosity with the PCP-SAFT Equation of State. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cliff I. S. Gonçalves
- Programa de Engenharia Química—COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, C.P. 68542 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel M. Silva
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, C.P. 68542 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Papa M. Ndiaye
- Programa de Engenharia Química—COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, C.P. 68542 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, C.P. 68542 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Frederico W. Tavares
- Programa de Engenharia Química—COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, C.P. 68542 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, C.P. 68542 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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36
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Mebelli M, Velliadou D, Assael MJ, Huber ML. Reference Correlation for the Viscosity of Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene Glycol) from the Triple Point to 465 K and up to 100 MPa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS 2021; 42:10.1007/s10765-021-02867-0. [PMID: 36452215 PMCID: PMC9706406 DOI: 10.1007/s10765-021-02867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We present a new wide-ranging correlation for the viscosity of ethane-1,2-diol (ethylene glycol) based on critically evaluated experimental data. The correlation is designed to be used with an existing equation of state, and it is valid from the triple point to 465 K, at pressures up to 100 MPa. The estimated uncertainty is 4.9 % (at the 95 % confidence level), except in the dilute-gas region which is estimated to be 15 %, as there are no measurements in this region for comparison. The correlation behaves in a physically reasonable manner when extrapolated to 750 K and 250 MPa, however care should be taken when using the correlations outside of the validated range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Mebelli
- Laboratory of Thermophysical Properties and Environmental Processes, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Danai Velliadou
- Laboratory of Thermophysical Properties and Environmental Processes, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Marc J. Assael
- Laboratory of Thermophysical Properties and Environmental Processes, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Marcia L. Huber
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
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37
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Liu H, Yang F, Yang X, Yang Z, Duan Y. Modeling the thermal conductivity of hydrofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroolefins and their binary mixtures using residual entropy scaling and cubic-plus-association equation of state. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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38
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Multiphysics Design of Pet-Coke Burner and Hydrogen Production by Applying Methane Steam Reforming System. CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cleantechnol3010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pet-coke (petroleum coke) is identified as a carbon-rich and black-colored solid. Despite the environmental risks posed by the exploitation of pet-coke, it is mostly applied as a boiling and combusting fuel in power generation, and cement production plants. It is considered as a promising replacement for coal power plants because of its higher heating value, carbon content, and low ash. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computational model of methane steam reforming was developed in this research. The hydrogen production system is composed from a pet-coke burner and a catalyst bed reactor. The heat released, produced by the pet-coke combustion, was utilized for convective and radiative heating of the catalyst bed for maintaining the steam reforming reaction of methane into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This computational algorithm is composed of three steps—simulation of pet-coke combustion by using fire dynamics simulator (FDS) software coupled with thermal structural analysis of the burner lining and a multiphysics computation of the methane steam reforming (MSR) process taking place inside the catalyst bed. The structural analysis of the burner lining was carried out by coupling the solutions of heat conduction equation, Darcy porous media steam flow equation, and structural mechanics equation. In order to validate the gaseous temperature and carbon monoxide mole fraction obtained by FDS calculation, a comparison was carried out with the literature results. The maximal temperature obtained from the combustion simulation was about 1440 °C. The calculated temperature is similar to the temperature reported, which is also close to 1400 °C. The maximal carbon dioxide mole fraction reading was 15.0%. COMSOL multi-physics software solves simultaneously the catalyst media fluid flow, heat, and mass with chemical reaction kinetics transport equations of the methane steam reforming catalyst bed reactor. The methane conversion is about 27%. The steam and the methane decay along the catalyst bed reactor at the same slope. Similar values have been reported in the literature for MSR temperature of 510 °C. The hydrogen mass fraction was increased by 98.4%.
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39
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Moreno I, Moreno M, Ramírez CA. Multicomponent gas transport in a Stefan diffusion column containing an azeotropic liquid mixture of acetone-n-hexane. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2020.1852400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isamaris Moreno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Marimar Moreno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Carlos A. Ramírez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
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40
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Mairhofer J. A Residual Entropy Scaling Approach for Viscosity Based on the GERG-2008 Equation of State. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Arrhenius K, Büker O. Comparison of different models to calculate the viscosity of biogas and biomethane in order to accurately measure flow rates for conformity assessment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1660. [PMID: 33462276 PMCID: PMC7813840 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The study presents an optimised method to correct flow rates measured with a LFE flowmeter pre-set on methane while used for gas mixtures of unknown composition at the time of the measurement. The method requires the correction of the flow rate using a factor based on the viscosity of the gas mixtures once the composition is accurately known. The method has several different possible applications inclusive for the sampling of biogas and biomethane onto sorbent tubes for conformity assessment for the determination of siloxanes, terpenes and VOC in general. Five models for the calculation of the viscosity of the gas mixtures were compared and the models were used for ten binary mixtures and four multi-component mixtures. The results of the evaluation of the different models showed that the correction method using the viscosity of the mixtures calculated with the model of Reichenberg and Carr showed the smallest biases for binary mixtures. For multi-component mixtures, the best results were obtained when using the models of Lucas and Carr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Arrhenius
- Research Institutes of Sweden AB (RISE), Brinellgatan 4, 50462, Borås, Sweden.
| | - Oliver Büker
- Research Institutes of Sweden AB (RISE), Brinellgatan 4, 50462, Borås, Sweden
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42
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McGivern WS, Manion JA. Binary Diffusion Coefficients for Methane and Fluoromethanes in Nitrogen. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA 2021; 66:10.1021/acs.jced.1c00161. [PMID: 38680546 PMCID: PMC11047144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jced.1c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Binary gas-phase diffusion coefficients, of interest in physical models of atmospheric and combustion chemistry, have been measured in N 2 for the homologous series of refrigerant-related (fluoro)methanes: methane (CH 4 ), fluoromethane (CH 3 F ), difluoromethane (CH 2 F 2 ), and trifluoromethane (CHF 3 ). Values have been determined by reverse-flow gas chromatography, which has been previously demonstrated to provide accurate results over a wide range of temperatures. Coefficients were measured at temperatures of (300 to 550) K for all species and extending up to 650 K and 723 K for CH 2 F 2 and CHF 3 , respectively, and down to 250 K for CH 4 . We also performed measurements for CH 4 in air at temperatures of (250 to 350) K, obtaining values the same as in N 2 within 0.3 %, well within our experimental uncertainty. We report the first measurements for CH 3 F and compare with the limited literature data for the other compounds. Our results agree broadly with earlier measurements in both N 2 and air. The greater temperature ranges reported in this work lead to temperature dependences that differ from most previous experiments, although they are consistent with several literature estimates and are similar to temperature exponents found for small hydrocarbons in N 2 . Comparison of the present work with a recent study that found different diffusion coefficients for methane when determined in a typical arrested flow apparatus and a novel "twin tube" method unaffected by sample adsorption shows much better agreement with the the arrested flow results over all common temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Sean McGivern
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Manion
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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43
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Wang J, Zhang L, Li R, Chen X, Dong X, Zhao Y, Zhong Q, Sheng B, Li H, Gong M. A simple generalized viscosity model for natural gas components and their mixtures based on free-volume theory. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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44
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Fouad WA, Alasiri H. Molecular dynamic simulation and SAFT modeling of the viscosity and self-diffusion coefficient of low global warming potential refrigerants. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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DC Current Interruption Based on Vacuum Arc Impacted by Ultra-Fast Transverse Magnetic Field. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13184644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of an external ultrafast transverse magnetic field (UFTMF) on a vacuum arc in the diffused mode has been studied. According to the results of studies, a novel approach for making a zero-crossing in a DC arc current has been presented. Plasma voltage fluctuations of the vacuum arc, which are caused by UFTMF, have been investigated via finite element simulation and two-fluid description of plasma physics. By making an appropriate UFTMF through an external circuit, the arc current can be commuted successfully from the vacuum interrupter (VI) to a parallel capacitor and charge it up. In this way, a zero-crossing in the arc current can be achieved, and the current will be interrupted by the VI. Simulation results, which are supporting physical backgrounds for this analysis, have been presented in this paper while technological issues for industrial implementation of this concept have been discussed in detail.
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46
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Moreno M, Moreno I, Jaime MDS, Maisonet SG, Ramírez CA. Interfacial geometry and its effect on the estimation of binary gas diffusivities in an isothermal Stefan column. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2020.1770233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marimar Moreno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Isamaris Moreno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - María del Sol Jaime
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Shayra G. Maisonet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Carlos A. Ramírez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
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Liu H, Yang F, Yang Z, Duan Y. Modeling the viscosity of hydrofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroolefins and their binary mixtures using residual entropy scaling and cubic-plus-association equation of state. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yalamanchi KK, Tingas E, Im HG, Sarathy SM. Screening gas‐phase chemical kinetic models: Collision limit compliance and ultrafast timescales. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran K. Yalamanchi
- Clean Combustion Research CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Efstathios‐Al Tingas
- Clean Combustion Research CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
- Perth CollegeUniversity of the Highlands and Islands Perth UK
| | - Hong G. Im
- Clean Combustion Research CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Mani Sarathy
- Clean Combustion Research CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
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Medeiros DJ, Robertson SH, Blitz MA, Seakins PW. Direct Trace Fitting of Experimental Data Using the Master Equation: Testing Theory and Experiments on the OH + C 2H 4 Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4015-4024. [PMID: 32353235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Laser flash photolysis coupled with laser-induced fluorescence observation of OH has been used to observe the equilibration of OH + C2H4 ↔ HOC2H4 over the temperature range 563-723 K and pressures of bath gas (N2) from 58 to 250 Torr. The time-resolved OH traces have been directly and globally fitted with a master equation in order to extract ΔRH00, the binding energy of the HOC2H4 adduct, with respect to reagents. The global approach allows the role that OH abstraction plays at higher temperatures to be identified. The resultant value ofΔRH00, 111.8 kJ mol-1, is determined to be better than 2 kJ mol-1 and is in agreement with our ab initio calculations (carried out at the CCSD(T)/CBS//M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ level), 111.4 kJ mol-1, and other state of the art calculations. Parameters for the abstraction channel are also in good agreement with previous experimental studies. To effect this analysis, the MESMER master equation code was extended to directly incorporate secondary chemistry: diffusional loss from the observation region and reaction with the photolytic precursor. These extensions, which, among other things, resolve issues related to the merging of chemically significant and internal energy relaxation eigenvalues, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S H Robertson
- Dassault Systèmes, 334 Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WN, United Kingdom
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Binti Mohd Taib M, Trusler JPM. Residual entropy model for predicting the viscosities of dense fluid mixtures. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:164104. [PMID: 32357798 DOI: 10.1063/5.0002242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we have investigated the mono-variant relationship between the reduced viscosity and residual entropy in pure fluids and in binary mixtures of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons with dissolved carbon dioxide. The mixtures considered were octane + dodecane, decane + carbon dioxide, and 1,3-dimethylbenzene (m-xylene) + carbon dioxide. The reduced viscosity was calculated according to the definition of Bell, while the residual entropy was calculated from accurate multi-parameter Helmholtz-energy equations of state and, for mixtures, the multi-fluid Helmholtz energy approximation. The mono-variant dependence of reduced viscosity upon residual molar entropy was observed for the pure fluids investigated, and by incorporating two scaling factors (one for reduced viscosity and the other for residual molar entropy), the data were represented by a single universal curve. To apply this method to mixtures, the scaling factors were determined from a mole-fraction weighted sum of the pure-component values. This simple model was found to work well for the systems investigated. The average absolute relative deviation (AARD) was observed to be between 1% and 2% for pure components and a mixture of similar hydrocarbons. Larger deviations, with AARDs of up to 15%, were observed for the asymmetric mixtures, but this compares favorably with other methods for predicting the viscosity of such systems. We conclude that the residual-entropy concept can be used to estimate the viscosity of mixtures of similar molecules with high reliability and that it offers a useful engineering approximation even for asymmetric mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malyanah Binti Mohd Taib
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J P Martin Trusler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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