1
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Myint PC, Sterbentz DM, Brown JL, Stoltzfus BS, Delplanque JPR, Belof JL. Scaling Law for the Onset of Solidification at Extreme Undercooling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:106101. [PMID: 37739355 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.106101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-isentropic compression enables one to study the solidification of metastable liquid states that are inaccessible through other experimental means. The onset of this nonequilibrium solidification is known to depend on the compression rate and material-specific factors, but this complex interdependence has not been well characterized. In this study, we use a combination of experiments, theory, and computational simulations to derive a general scaling law that quantifies this dependence. One of its applications is a novel means to elucidate melt temperatures at high pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Myint
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Dane M Sterbentz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Justin L Brown
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | | | - Jean-Pierre R Delplanque
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Jonathan L Belof
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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2
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Takahashi H, Kono T, Sawada K, Kumano S, Tsuri Y, Maruyama M, Yoshimura M, Takahashi D, Kawamura Y, Uemura M, Nakabayashi S, Mori Y, Hosokawa Y, Yoshikawa HY. Spatiotemporal Control of Ice Crystallization in Supercooled Water via an Ultrashort Laser Impulse. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4394-4402. [PMID: 37154425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Focused irradiation with ultrashort laser pulses realized the fine spatiotemporal control of ice crystallization in supercooled water. An effective multiphoton excitation at the laser focus generated shockwaves and bubbles, which acted as an impulse for inducing ice crystal nucleation. The impulse that was localized close to the laser focus and accompanied by a small temperature elevation allowed the precise position control of ice crystallization and its observation with spatiotemporal resolution of micrometers and microseconds using a microscope. To verify the versatility of this laser method, we also applied it using various aqueous systems (e.g., plant extracts). The systematic study of crystallization probability revealed that laser-induced cavitation bubbles play a crucial role in inducing ice crystal nucleation. This method can be used as a tool for studying ice crystallization dynamics in various natural and biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hozumi Takahashi
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kono
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sawada
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Satoru Kumano
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yuka Tsuri
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Mihoko Maruyama
- Division of Electrical, Electronics and Infocommunications Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Masashi Yoshimura
- Institute of Laser Engineering (ILE), Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yukio Kawamura
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
- Department of Plant-bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Matsuo Uemura
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
- Department of Plant-bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Nakabayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Division of Strategic Research and Development, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo 255, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mori
- Division of Electrical, Electronics and Infocommunications Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Y Yoshikawa
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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3
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Prasad D, Mitra N. High-temperature and high-pressure plastic phase of ice at the boundary of liquid water and ice VII. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2021.0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous high-temperature and high-pressure studies reveal phase transformation of bulk liquid water to an ice-VII-like structure having an eight coordination. It was demonstrated through this numerical study that the observed high-temperature and high-pressure phase of water obtained upon shock compression and equilibration has high rotational diffusion and thereby the hydrogen dynamics of these crystal structures are significantly complex compared with ice VII. The current work provides new characterization methods for the numerically observed plastic crystal phase of ice at the boundary of the liquid water and ice VII phases in which the molecules have a defined lattice position but rotate freely. It is anticipated that the present work will provide important data and guide new theoretical and experimental investigations in the search for plastic crystal phases of water. The power spectra plots of bulk liquid water subjected to different temperature and pressure conditions have also been presented in this numerical study, demonstrating significant differences between these high-temperature and high-pressure shock-equilibrated phases and those of pure ice VII at 10 GPa and liquid water at ambient temperature and pressure, as well as at elevated pressures and temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Prasad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Nilanjan Mitra
- Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21218, MD, USA
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4
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Structure, Properties, and Phase Transformations of Water Nanoconfined between Brucite-like Layers: The Role of Wall Surface Polarity. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093043. [PMID: 35591378 PMCID: PMC9100153 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of water with confining surfaces is primarily governed by the wetting properties of the wall material-in particular, whether it is hydrophobic or hydrophilic. The hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity itself is determined primarily by the atomic structure and polarity of the surface groups. In the present work, we used molecular dynamics to study the structure and properties of nanoscale water layers confined between layered metal hydroxide surfaces with a brucite-like structure. The influence of the surface polarity of the confining material on the properties of nanoconfined water was studied in the pressure range of 0.1-10 GPa. This pressure range is relevant for many geodynamic phenomena, hydrocarbon recovery, contact spots of tribological systems, and heterogeneous materials under extreme mechanical loading. Two phase transitions were identified in water confined within 2 nm wide slit-shaped nanopores: (1) at p1 = 3.3-3.4 GPa, the liquid transforms to a solid phase with a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystal structure, and (2) at p2 = 6.7-7.1 GPa, a further transformation to face-centered cubic (FCC) crystals occurs. It was found that the behavior of the confined water radically changes when the partial charges (and, therefore, the surface polarity) are reduced. In this case, water transforms directly from the liquid phase to an FCC-like phase at 3.2-3.3 GPa. Numerical simulations enabled determination of the amount of hydrogen bonding and diffusivity of nanoconfined water, as well as the relationship between pressure and volumetric strain.
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5
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Marshall MC, Millot M, Fratanduono DE, Sterbentz DM, Myint PC, Belof JL, Kim YJ, Coppari F, Ali SJ, Eggert JH, Smith RF, McNaney JM. Metastability of Liquid Water Freezing into Ice VII under Dynamic Compression. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:135701. [PMID: 34623849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.135701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous nature and unusual properties of water have motivated many studies on its metastability under temperature- or pressure-induced phase transformations. Here, nanosecond compression by a high-power laser is used to create the nonequilibrium conditions where liquid water persists well into the stable region of ice VII. Through our experiments, as well as a complementary theoretical-computational analysis based on classical nucleation theory, we report that the metastability limit of liquid water under nearly isentropic compression from ambient conditions is at least 8 GPa, higher than the 7 GPa previously reported for lower loading rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Marshall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Millot
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D E Fratanduono
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Sterbentz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - P C Myint
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J L Belof
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Y-J Kim
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - F Coppari
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S J Ali
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R F Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J M McNaney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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6
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Abstract
Nonequilibrium processes during solidification can lead to kinetic stabilization of metastable crystal phases. A general framework for predicting the solidification conditions that lead to metastable-phase growth is developed and applied to a model face-centered cubic (fcc) metal that undergoes phase transitions to the body-centered cubic (bcc) as well as the hexagonal close-packed phases at high temperatures and pressures. Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of ultrarapid freezing show that bcc nucleates and grows well outside of the region of its thermodynamic stability. An extensive study of crystal-liquid equilibria confirms that at any given pressure, there is a multitude of metastable solid phases that can coexist with the liquid phase. We define for every crystal phase, a solid cluster in liquid (SCL) basin, which contains all solid clusters of that phase coexisting with the liquid. A rigorous methodology is developed that allows for practical calculations of nucleation rates into arbitrary SCL basins from the undercooled melt. It is demonstrated that at large undercoolings, phase selections made during the nucleation stage can be undone by kinetic instabilities amid the growth stage. On these bases, a solidification-kinetic phase diagram is drawn for the model fcc system that delimits the conditions for macroscopic grains of metastable bcc phase to grow from the melt. We conclude with a study of unconventional interfacial kinetics at special interfaces, which can bring about heterogeneous multiphase crystal growth. A first-order interfacial phase transformation accompanied by a growth-mode transition is examined.
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7
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Sterbentz DM, Myint PC, Delplanque JP, Belof JL. Numerical modeling of solid-cluster evolution applied to the nanosecond solidification of water near the metastable limit. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:164501. [PMID: 31675853 DOI: 10.1063/1.5125948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical nucleation theory (CNT) is a promising way to predictively model the submicrosecond kinetics of phase transitions that occur under dynamic compression, such as the suite of experiments performed over the past two decades on the solidification of liquid water to the high-pressure ice VII phase. Myint et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 155701 (2018)] presented the first CNT-based model for these types of rapid phase transitions, but relied on an empirical scaling parameter in their transient induction model to simulate the lag time that occurs prior to the onset of significant formation of ice VII clusters in the system. To build on that study, we model the liquid water-ice VII phase transformation using a numerical discretization scheme to solve the Zel'dovich-Frenkel partial differential equation, which is a fundamental CNT-based kinetic equation that describes the statistical time-dependent behavior of solid cluster formation. The Zel'dovich-Frenkel equation inherently accounts for transience in the nucleation kinetics and eliminates the need for the empirical scaling factor used by Myint et al. One major result of this research is that transience is found to play a relatively small role in the nucleation process for the dynamic-compression time scales of the liquid water-ice VII experiments being simulated. Instead, we show that it is possible to properly model the lag time using steady-state CNT by making small refinements to the interfacial free energy value. We have also developed a new dimensionless parameter that may be applied a priori to predict whether or not transient nucleation will be important in a given dynamic-compression experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane M Sterbentz
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Philip C Myint
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Delplanque
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Jonathan L Belof
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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8
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Nanosecond X-ray diffraction of shock-compressed superionic water ice. Nature 2019; 569:251-255. [PMID: 31068720 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Since Bridgman's discovery of five solid water (H2O) ice phases1 in 1912, studies on the extraordinary polymorphism of H2O have documented more than seventeen crystalline and several amorphous ice structures2,3, as well as rich metastability and kinetic effects4,5. This unique behaviour is due in part to the geometrical frustration of the weak intermolecular hydrogen bonds and the sizeable quantum motion of the light hydrogen ions (protons). Particularly intriguing is the prediction that H2O becomes superionic6-12-with liquid-like protons diffusing through the solid lattice of oxygen-when subjected to extreme pressures exceeding 100 gigapascals and high temperatures above 2,000 kelvin. Numerical simulations suggest that the characteristic diffusion of the protons through the empty sites of the oxygen solid lattice (1) gives rise to a surprisingly high ionic conductivity above 100 Siemens per centimetre, that is, almost as high as typical metallic (electronic) conductivity, (2) greatly increases the ice melting temperature7-13 to several thousand kelvin, and (3) favours new ice structures with a close-packed oxygen lattice13-15. Because confining such hot and dense H2O in the laboratory is extremely challenging, experimental data are scarce. Recent optical measurements along the Hugoniot curve (locus of shock states) of water ice VII showed evidence of superionic conduction and thermodynamic signatures for melting16, but did not confirm the microscopic structure of superionic ice. Here we use laser-driven shockwaves to simultaneously compress and heat liquid water samples to 100-400 gigapascals and 2,000-3,000 kelvin. In situ X-ray diffraction measurements show that under these conditions, water solidifies within a few nanoseconds into nanometre-sized ice grains that exhibit unambiguous evidence for the crystalline oxygen lattice of superionic water ice. The X-ray diffraction data also allow us to document the compressibility of ice at these extreme conditions and a temperature- and pressure-induced phase transformation from a body-centred-cubic ice phase (probably ice X) to a novel face-centred-cubic, superionic ice phase, which we name ice XVIII2,17.
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9
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Shock growth of ice crystal near equilibrium melting pressure under dynamic compression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:8679-8684. [PMID: 30988187 PMCID: PMC6500116 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818122116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystal growth and morphological transitions are crucial for fundamental science and wide applications. Nevertheless, their mechanisms under local nonequilibrium growth condition are unclear due to severe interference of thermal and mass transports on the interplay between thermodynamic driving force and interface kinetics. Here, we reveal the origin of the pressure-induced 2D shock growth of ice VI crystal by using dynamic compression, in which a dimensional transition from 3D to 2D is observed. Unlike generally expected, the 2D shock growth occurs from 3D crystal edges rather than from its corners upon fast compression, even near equilibrium growth condition. This is due to similar interface structure to the crystal edge plane facilitating the fast interface kinetics under local nonequilibrium growth. Crystal growth is governed by an interplay between macroscopic driving force and microscopic interface kinetics at the crystal–liquid interface. Unlike the local equilibrium growth condition, the interplay becomes blurred under local nonequilibrium, which raises many questions about the nature of diverse crystal growth and morphological transitions. Here, we systematically control the growth condition from local equilibrium to local nonequilibrium by using an advanced dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC) and generate anomalously fast growth of ice VI phase with a morphological transition from three- to two-dimension (3D to 2D), which is called a shock crystal growth. Unlike expected, the shock growth occurs from the edges of 3D crystal along the (112) crystal plane rather than its corners, which implies that the fast compression yields effectively large overpressure at the crystal–liquid interface, manifesting the local nonequilibrium condition. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation reproduces the faster growth of the (112) plane than other planes upon applying large overpressure. Moreover, the MD study reveals that the 2D shock crystal growth originates from the similarity of the interface structure between water and the (112) crystal plane under the large overpressure. This study provides insight into crystal growth under dynamic compressions, which makes a bridge for the unknown behaviors of crystal growth between under static and dynamic pressure conditions.
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10
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Myint PC, Chernov AA, Sadigh B, Benedict LX, Hall BM, Hamel S, Belof JL. Nanosecond Freezing of Water at High Pressures: Nucleation and Growth near the Metastability Limit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:155701. [PMID: 30362804 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.155701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental study of phase transition kinetics has motivated experimental methods toward achieving the largest degree of undercooling possible, more recently culminating in the technique of rapid, quasi-isentropic compression. This approach has been demonstrated to freeze water into the high-pressure ice VII phase on nanosecond timescales, with some experiments undergoing heterogeneous nucleation while others, in apparent contradiction, suggest a homogeneous nucleation mode. In this study, we show through a combination of theory, simulation, and analysis of experiments that these seemingly contradictory results are in agreement when viewed from the perspective of classical nucleation theory. We find that, perhaps surprisingly, classical nucleation theory is capable of accurately predicting the solidification kinetics of ice VII formation under an extremely high driving force (|Δμ/k_{B}T|≈1) but only if amended by two important considerations: (i) transient nucleation and (ii) separate liquid and solid temperatures. This is the first demonstration of a model that is able to reproduce the experimentally observed rapid freezing kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Myint
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | | | - Babak Sadigh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Lorin X Benedict
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Burl M Hall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Sebastien Hamel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Jonathan L Belof
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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11
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Samanta A, Belof JL. The thermodynamics of a liquid-solid interface at extreme conditions: A model close-packed system up to 100 GPa. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:124703. [PMID: 30278656 DOI: 10.1063/1.5028268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The first experimental insight into the nature of the liquid-solid interface occurred with the pioneering experiments of Turnbull, which simultaneously demonstrated both that metals could be deeply undercooled (and therefore had relatively large barriers to nucleation) and that the inferred interfacial free energy γ was linearly proportional to the enthalpy of fusion [D. Turnbull, J. Appl. Phys. 21, 1022 (1950)]. By an atomistic simulation of a model face-centered cubic system via adiabatic free energy dynamics, we extend Turnbull's result to the realm of high pressure and demonstrate that the interfacial free energy, evaluated along the melting curve, remains linear with the bulk enthalpy of fusion, even up to 100 GPa. This linear dependence of γ on pressure is shown to be a consequence of the entropy dominating the free energy of the interface in conjunction with the fact that the entropy of fusion does not vary greatly along the melting curve for simple monoatomic metals. Based on this observation, it appears that large undercoolings in liquid metals can be achieved even at very high pressure. Therefore, nucleation rates at high pressure are expected to be non-negligible, resulting in observable solidification kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Samanta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Jonathan L Belof
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, California 94550, USA
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12
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Myint PC, Belof JL. Rapid freezing of water under dynamic compression. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:233002. [PMID: 29766905 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aac14f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the behavior of materials at extreme pressures is a central issue in fields like aerodynamics, astronomy, and geology, as well as for advancing technological grand challenges such as inertial confinement fusion. Dynamic compression experiments to probe high-pressure states often encounter rapid phase transitions that may cause the materials to behave in unexpected ways, and understanding the kinetics of these phase transitions remains an area of great interest. In this review, we examine experimental and theoretical/computational efforts to study the freezing kinetics of water to a high-pressure solid phase known as ice VII. We first present a detailed analysis of dynamic compression experiments in which water has been observed to freeze on sub-microsecond time scales to ice VII. This is followed by a discussion of the limitations of currently available molecular and continuum simulation methods in modeling these experiments. We then describe how our phase transition kinetics models, which are based on classical nucleation theory, provide a more physics-based framework that overcomes some of these limitations. Finally, we give suggestions on future experimental and modeling work on the liquid-ice VII transition, including an outline of the development of a predictive multiscale model in which molecular and continuum simulations are intimately coupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Myint
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States of America
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13
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Cai J, E JC, Tang MX, Zhu XR, Cai Y, Luo SN. Crystallization of Lennard-Jones liquids under dynamic compression: Heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:244501. [PMID: 29289141 DOI: 10.1063/1.5010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate crystallization of Lennard-Jones liquids on substrates under dynamic compression with large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. The substrates examined include single crystals and bicrystals with different crystallographic orientations, and the loading paths include shock and quasi-isentropic loading. Microstructure is characterized with simulated x-ray diffraction and orientation mapping. For shock loading, only heterogeneous nucleation occurs at the simulation scales. Quasi-isentropic loading induces less heating and larger supercooling; as a result, heterogeneous nucleation occurs at low loading strengths, and both heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation occur at high loading strengths, despite the crystalline substrates. Crystallization depends on the substrate structure (crystal orientation and grain boundary) and loading characteristics. Deformation may induce grain structure change (e.g., reorientation and twinning) of substrates and affect subsequent crystallization. Crystallization rate is anisotropic, inversely proportional to the cosine of the dihedral angle between the substrate plane and a main {111} growth plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cai
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, People's Republic of China
| | - J C E
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, People's Republic of China
| | - M X Tang
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, People's Republic of China
| | - X R Zhu
- College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Cai
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, People's Republic of China
| | - S N Luo
- The Peac Institute of Multiscale Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610207, People's Republic of China
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14
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Myint PC, Benedict LX, Belof JL. Free energy models for ice VII and liquid water derived from pressure, entropy, and heat capacity relations. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:084505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4989582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philip C. Myint
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Lorin X. Benedict
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Belof
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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15
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Gleason AE, Bolme CA, Galtier E, Lee HJ, Granados E, Dolan DH, Seagle CT, Ao T, Ali S, Lazicki A, Swift D, Celliers P, Mao WL. Compression Freezing Kinetics of Water to Ice VII. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:025701. [PMID: 28753373 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.025701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved x-ray diffraction (XRD) of compressed liquid water shows transformation to ice VII in 6 nsec, revealing crystallization rather than amorphous solidification during compression freezing. Application of classical nucleation theory indicates heterogeneous nucleation and one-dimensional (e.g., needlelike) growth. These first XRD data demonstrate rapid growth kinetics of ice VII with implications for fundamental physics of diffusion-mediated crystallization and thermodynamic modeling of collision or impact events on ice-rich planetary bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Gleason
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 USA
| | - C A Bolme
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - E Galtier
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 USA
| | - H J Lee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 USA
| | - E Granados
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 USA
| | - D H Dolan
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 USA
| | - C T Seagle
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 USA
| | - T Ao
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 USA
| | - S Ali
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 USA
| | - A Lazicki
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 USA
| | - D Swift
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 USA
| | - P Celliers
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 USA
| | - W L Mao
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 USA
- Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 USA
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16
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Sukovich JR, Anderson PA, Sampathkumar A, Gaitan DF, Pishchalnikov YA, Holt RG. Outcomes of the collapse of a large bubble in water at high ambient pressures. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:043101. [PMID: 28505778 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.043101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Presented here are observations of the outcomes of the collapses of large single bubbles in H_{2}O and D_{2}O at high ambient pressures. Experiments were carried out in a high-pressure spherical resonator at ambient pressures of up to 30 MPa and acoustic pressures up to 35 MPa. Monitoring of the collapse events and their outcomes was accomplished using multiframe high-speed photography. Among the observations to be presented are the temporal and spatial evolution of light emissions produced by the collapse events, which were observed to last on the order of 30 ns and have time independent radii on the order of 30μm; the production of Rayleigh-Taylor jets which were observed to travel distances of up to 70μm at speeds in excess of 4500 m/s; the entrainment of the light emitting regions in the jets' remnants; the production of spheroidal objects around the collapse points of the bubbles, far from any surface of the resonator; and the traversal and emergence of the Rayleigh-Taylor jets through the spherical objects. These spheroidal objects appear to behave as amorphous solids and form at locations where hydrodynamics predicts pressures in excess of the known transition pressures of water into the high-pressure crystalline ices, Ice-VI and Ice-VII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Sukovich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Phillip A Anderson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | - R Glynn Holt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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17
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Li YH, Zhang NC, Wang WP, Liu FS. Nanosecond Rapid Crystallization of Water Induced by Quartz Glass under Dynamic Compression. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/28/cjcp1409160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Sun YY, Liu FS, Xu LH, Liu QJ, Ma XJ, Cai LC. Vibrational spectrum of condensed H 2O in hydrogen-bonding environment: an ab initiosimulation study. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.944237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Lacina D, Gupta YM. Molecular response of liquid nitrogen multiply shocked to 40 GPa. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:084503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4893715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Lacina D, Gupta YM. Temperature measurements and an improved equation of state for shocked liquid benzene. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:174506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4803138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Norman GE, Pisarev VV. Molecular dynamics analysis of the crystallization of an overcooled aluminum melt. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024412090075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Goldman N, Reed EJ, Kuo IFW, Fried LE, Mundy CJ, Curioni A. Ab initio simulation of the equation of state and kinetics of shocked water. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:124517. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3089426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Li J, Zhou X, Li J. A time-resolved single-pass technique for measuring optical absorption coefficients of window materials under 100 GPa shock pressures. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:123107. [PMID: 19123545 DOI: 10.1063/1.3046279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An experimental method was developed to perform time-resolved, single-pass optical absorption measurements and to determine absorption coefficients of window materials under strong shock compression up to approximately 200 GPa. Experimental details are described of (i) a configuration to generate an in situ dynamic, bright, optical source and (ii) a sample assembly with a lithium fluoride plate to essentially eliminate heat transfer from the hot radiator into the specimen and to maintain a constant optical source within the duration of the experiment. Examples of measurements of optical absorption coefficients of several initially transparent single crystal materials at high shock pressures are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, P.O. Box 919-102, Mianyang 621900, People's Republic of China
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24
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Abramson EH. Viscosity of water measured to pressures of 6 GPa and temperatures of 300 degrees C. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 76:051203. [PMID: 18233645 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.051203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Shear viscosities of fluid water have been measured to 300 degrees C and 6 GPa (60 kbar). Measurements were made in a diamond-anvil cell with a rolling-ball technique. Enskog's equation for viscosity, coupled with an ad hoc assumption that increased collision rates are due to an "excluded volume", yield excellent matches to the data at temperatures of 100 degrees C and over, without any freely variable parameter. The data overlap the pressure-temperature range in which experiments on shocked water have previously been interpreted to indicate extremely high viscosities. It is shown conclusively that viscosities in this region are very close to those at ambient temperature. Further, it is argued that explanations of high apparent viscosities which rely on the putative formation of ice behind the shock front are probably incorrect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan H Abramson
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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25
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Evans WJ, Yoo CS, Lee GW, Cynn H, Lipp MJ, Visbeck K. Dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC): a novel device for studying the dynamic-pressure properties of materials. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:073904. [PMID: 17672770 DOI: 10.1063/1.2751409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a unique device, a dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC), which repetitively applies a time-dependent load/pressure profile to a sample. This capability allows studies of the kinetics of phase transitions and metastable phases at compression (strain) rates of up to 500 GPa/s (approximately 0.16 s(-1) for a metal). Our approach adapts electromechanical piezoelectric actuators to a conventional diamond anvil cell design, which enables precise specification and control of a time-dependent applied load/pressure. Existing DAC instrumentation and experimental techniques are easily adapted to the dDAC to measure the properties of a sample under the varying load/pressure conditions. This capability addresses the sparsely studied regime of dynamic phenomena between static research (diamond anvil cells and large volume presses) and dynamic shock-driven experiments (gas guns, explosive, and laser shock). We present an overview of a variety of experimental measurements that can be made with this device.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Evans
- H-Division, Physics and Advanced Technologies, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA.
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26
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Dolan DH, Johnson JN, Gupta YM. Nanosecond freezing of water under multiple shock wave compression: continuum modeling and wave profile measurements. J Chem Phys 2007; 123:64702. [PMID: 16122330 DOI: 10.1063/1.1993556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using real time optical transmission and imaging measurements in multiple shock wave compression experiments, water was shown to solidify on nanosecond time scales [D. H. Dolan and Y. M. Gupta, J. Chem. Phys. 121, 9050 (2004)]. Continuum modeling and wave profile measurements, presented here, provide a complementary approach to examine the freezing of shocked water. The water model consisted of thermodynamically consistent descriptions of liquid and solid (ice VII) water, relationships for phase coexistence, and a time-dependent transition description to simulate freezing dynamics. Continuum calculations using the water model demonstrate that, unlike single shock compression, multiple shock compression results in pressure-temperature conditions where the ice VIII phase is thermodynamically favored over the liquid phase. Wave profile measurements, using laser interferometry, were obtained with quartz and sapphire windows at a peak pressure of 5 GPa. For water confined between sapphire windows, numerical simulations corresponding to a purely liquid response are in excellent agreement with the measured wave profile. For water confined between quartz windows (to provide a nucleating surface), wave profile measurements demonstrate a pure liquid response for an incubation time of approximately 100 ns followed by a time-dependent transformation. Analysis of the wave profiles after the onset of transformation suggests that water changes from a metastable liquid to a denser phase, consistent with the formation of a high-pressure ice phase. Continuum analyses and simulations underscore the need for multiple time scales to model the freezing transition. Findings from the present continuum work are extremely consistent with optical results reported previously. These studies constitute the first comprehensive investigation reported for freezing of a liquid at very short time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Dolan
- Institute for Shock Physics and Department of Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2816, USA
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27
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Matsuda A, Kondo KI, Nakamura KG. Nanosecond rapid freezing of liquid benzene under shock compression studied by time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:054501. [PMID: 16468888 DOI: 10.1063/1.2165196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosecond time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy is used to investigate the shock-induced liquid-solid phase transition and crystallization of liquid benzene. Temporal evolution of the Raman shift of the ring-breathing and C-H stretching modes is investigated. A metastable supercompressed state and a liquid-solid phase transition are observed under shock compression. Time-resolved Raman spectra reveal that the liquid state is initially a metastable state and rapidly transforms to the solid state within 25 ns under shock compression at 4.2 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitaka Matsuda
- Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Box R3-10, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
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28
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Asay DB, Kim SH. Evolution of the Adsorbed Water Layer Structure on Silicon Oxide at Room Temperature. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:16760-3. [PMID: 16853134 DOI: 10.1021/jp053042o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The molecular configuration of water adsorbed on a hydrophilic silicon oxide surface at room temperature has been determined as a function of relative humidity using attenuated total reflection (ATR)-infrared spectroscopy. A completely hydrogen-bonded icelike network of water grows up to three layers as the relative humidity increases from 0 to 30%. In the relative humidity range of 30-60%, the liquid water structure starts appearing while the icelike structure continues growing to saturation. The total thickness of the adsorbed layer increases only one molecular layer in this humidity range. Above 60% relative humidity, the liquid water configuration grows on top of the icelike layer. This structural evolution indicates that the outermost layer of the adsorbed water molecules undergoes transitions in equilibrium behavior as humidity varies. These transitions determine the shape of the adsorption isotherm curve. The structural transitions of the outermost adsorbed layer are accompanied by interfacial energy changes and explain many phenomena observed only for water adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Asay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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