1
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Myint PC, Sterbentz DM, Brown JL, Stoltzfus BS, Delplanque JPR, Belof JL. Scaling Law for the Onset of Solidification at Extreme Undercooling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:106101. [PMID: 37739355 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.106101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-isentropic compression enables one to study the solidification of metastable liquid states that are inaccessible through other experimental means. The onset of this nonequilibrium solidification is known to depend on the compression rate and material-specific factors, but this complex interdependence has not been well characterized. In this study, we use a combination of experiments, theory, and computational simulations to derive a general scaling law that quantifies this dependence. One of its applications is a novel means to elucidate melt temperatures at high pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Myint
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Dane M Sterbentz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Justin L Brown
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | | | - Jean-Pierre R Delplanque
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Jonathan L Belof
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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2
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Dlott DD. Laser pulses into bullets: tabletop shock experiments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10653-10666. [PMID: 35471265 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00418f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article discusses tabletop high-throughput laser experiments on shock waves in solids and liquids, where the more usual laser pump pulse is replaced by a 0.5 mm diameter laser-launched bullet, a thin metal disk called a flyer plate. The hypervelocity flyer (up to 6 km s-1 or Mach 18) can have kinetic energy (∼1 J) to briefly produce extreme conditions of temperature and pressure, thousands of K and tens of GPa (1 GPa = 10 000 bar) in a small volume with a rise time <2 ns. The experiments are performed using a "shock compression microscope", a microscope fitted with the laser flyer launcher plus an optical velocimeter, a high-speed laser interferometer that measures the motion of the flyer plate or the sample material after impact. This makes it possible to generate extreme conditions at the push of a button in an intrinsically safe environment, and probe with any of the diagnostics used in microscope experiments, such as high-speed video, optical emission, nonlinear coherent spectroscopies and so on. The barrier to entering this field is relatively low since many laser laboratories already possess much of the needed instrumentation. A brief introduction to shock waves and instrumentation is presented. Then several examples of recent applications are described, including shocked water, the photophysics of fluorescent molecules under extreme conditions, shocked protein solutions, shocked metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), shocked explosives, chemical catalysis in a shocked liquid, and molecules at shocked interfaces. Since one can shoot a bullet at practically anything, there are many emerging opportunities in chemistry, biophysics, materials science, physics and hypervelocity aerodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana D Dlott
- School of Chemical Sciences and Fredrick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Box 01-6 CLSL, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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3
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Zhigarkov VS, Yusupov VI. Laser-Induced Supercritical Water. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793121070162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Gleason AE, Rittman DR, Bolme CA, Galtier E, Lee HJ, Granados E, Ali S, Lazicki A, Swift D, Celliers P, Militzer B, Stanley S, Mao WL. Dynamic compression of water to conditions in ice giant interiors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:715. [PMID: 35027608 PMCID: PMC8758754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries of water-rich Neptune-like exoplanets require a more detailed understanding of the phase diagram of H2O at pressure–temperature conditions relevant to their planetary interiors. The unusual non-dipolar magnetic fields of ice giant planets, produced by convecting liquid ionic water, are influenced by exotic high-pressure states of H2O—yet the structure of ice in this state is challenging to determine experimentally. Here we present X-ray diffraction evidence of a body-centered cubic (BCC) structured H2O ice at 200 GPa and ~ 5000 K, deemed ice XIX, using the X-ray Free Electron Laser of the Linac Coherent Light Source to probe the structure of the oxygen sub-lattice during dynamic compression. Although several cubic or orthorhombic structures have been predicted to be the stable structure at these conditions, we show this BCC ice phase is stable to multi-Mbar pressures and temperatures near the melt boundary. This suggests variable and increased electrical conductivity to greater depths in ice giant planets that may promote the generation of multipolar magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Gleason
- Fundamental Physics Directorate, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA. .,Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - D R Rittman
- Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - C A Bolme
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - E Galtier
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - H J Lee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - E Granados
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - S Ali
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - A Lazicki
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - D Swift
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - P Celliers
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - B Militzer
- Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - S Stanley
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,Applied Physics Lab, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - W L Mao
- Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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5
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Marshall MC, Millot M, Fratanduono DE, Sterbentz DM, Myint PC, Belof JL, Kim YJ, Coppari F, Ali SJ, Eggert JH, Smith RF, McNaney JM. Metastability of Liquid Water Freezing into Ice VII under Dynamic Compression. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:135701. [PMID: 34623849 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.135701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous nature and unusual properties of water have motivated many studies on its metastability under temperature- or pressure-induced phase transformations. Here, nanosecond compression by a high-power laser is used to create the nonequilibrium conditions where liquid water persists well into the stable region of ice VII. Through our experiments, as well as a complementary theoretical-computational analysis based on classical nucleation theory, we report that the metastability limit of liquid water under nearly isentropic compression from ambient conditions is at least 8 GPa, higher than the 7 GPa previously reported for lower loading rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Marshall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Millot
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D E Fratanduono
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Sterbentz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - P C Myint
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J L Belof
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Y-J Kim
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - F Coppari
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S J Ali
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R F Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J M McNaney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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6
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Yusupov VI. Formation of Supercritical Water under Laser Radiation. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793119070297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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7
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Sterbentz DM, Myint PC, Delplanque JP, Belof JL. Numerical modeling of solid-cluster evolution applied to the nanosecond solidification of water near the metastable limit. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:164501. [PMID: 31675853 DOI: 10.1063/1.5125948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical nucleation theory (CNT) is a promising way to predictively model the submicrosecond kinetics of phase transitions that occur under dynamic compression, such as the suite of experiments performed over the past two decades on the solidification of liquid water to the high-pressure ice VII phase. Myint et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 155701 (2018)] presented the first CNT-based model for these types of rapid phase transitions, but relied on an empirical scaling parameter in their transient induction model to simulate the lag time that occurs prior to the onset of significant formation of ice VII clusters in the system. To build on that study, we model the liquid water-ice VII phase transformation using a numerical discretization scheme to solve the Zel'dovich-Frenkel partial differential equation, which is a fundamental CNT-based kinetic equation that describes the statistical time-dependent behavior of solid cluster formation. The Zel'dovich-Frenkel equation inherently accounts for transience in the nucleation kinetics and eliminates the need for the empirical scaling factor used by Myint et al. One major result of this research is that transience is found to play a relatively small role in the nucleation process for the dynamic-compression time scales of the liquid water-ice VII experiments being simulated. Instead, we show that it is possible to properly model the lag time using steady-state CNT by making small refinements to the interfacial free energy value. We have also developed a new dimensionless parameter that may be applied a priori to predict whether or not transient nucleation will be important in a given dynamic-compression experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane M Sterbentz
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Philip C Myint
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Delplanque
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Jonathan L Belof
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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8
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Myint PC, Chernov AA, Sadigh B, Benedict LX, Hall BM, Hamel S, Belof JL. Nanosecond Freezing of Water at High Pressures: Nucleation and Growth near the Metastability Limit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:155701. [PMID: 30362804 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.155701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental study of phase transition kinetics has motivated experimental methods toward achieving the largest degree of undercooling possible, more recently culminating in the technique of rapid, quasi-isentropic compression. This approach has been demonstrated to freeze water into the high-pressure ice VII phase on nanosecond timescales, with some experiments undergoing heterogeneous nucleation while others, in apparent contradiction, suggest a homogeneous nucleation mode. In this study, we show through a combination of theory, simulation, and analysis of experiments that these seemingly contradictory results are in agreement when viewed from the perspective of classical nucleation theory. We find that, perhaps surprisingly, classical nucleation theory is capable of accurately predicting the solidification kinetics of ice VII formation under an extremely high driving force (|Δμ/k_{B}T|≈1) but only if amended by two important considerations: (i) transient nucleation and (ii) separate liquid and solid temperatures. This is the first demonstration of a model that is able to reproduce the experimentally observed rapid freezing kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Myint
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | | | - Babak Sadigh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Lorin X Benedict
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Burl M Hall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Sebastien Hamel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Jonathan L Belof
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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9
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Myint PC, Belof JL. Rapid freezing of water under dynamic compression. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:233002. [PMID: 29766905 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aac14f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the behavior of materials at extreme pressures is a central issue in fields like aerodynamics, astronomy, and geology, as well as for advancing technological grand challenges such as inertial confinement fusion. Dynamic compression experiments to probe high-pressure states often encounter rapid phase transitions that may cause the materials to behave in unexpected ways, and understanding the kinetics of these phase transitions remains an area of great interest. In this review, we examine experimental and theoretical/computational efforts to study the freezing kinetics of water to a high-pressure solid phase known as ice VII. We first present a detailed analysis of dynamic compression experiments in which water has been observed to freeze on sub-microsecond time scales to ice VII. This is followed by a discussion of the limitations of currently available molecular and continuum simulation methods in modeling these experiments. We then describe how our phase transition kinetics models, which are based on classical nucleation theory, provide a more physics-based framework that overcomes some of these limitations. Finally, we give suggestions on future experimental and modeling work on the liquid-ice VII transition, including an outline of the development of a predictive multiscale model in which molecular and continuum simulations are intimately coupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Myint
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States of America
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10
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Myint PC, Benedict LX, Belof JL. Free energy models for ice VII and liquid water derived from pressure, entropy, and heat capacity relations. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:084505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4989582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philip C. Myint
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Lorin X. Benedict
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Belof
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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11
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Gleason AE, Bolme CA, Galtier E, Lee HJ, Granados E, Dolan DH, Seagle CT, Ao T, Ali S, Lazicki A, Swift D, Celliers P, Mao WL. Compression Freezing Kinetics of Water to Ice VII. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:025701. [PMID: 28753373 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.025701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved x-ray diffraction (XRD) of compressed liquid water shows transformation to ice VII in 6 nsec, revealing crystallization rather than amorphous solidification during compression freezing. Application of classical nucleation theory indicates heterogeneous nucleation and one-dimensional (e.g., needlelike) growth. These first XRD data demonstrate rapid growth kinetics of ice VII with implications for fundamental physics of diffusion-mediated crystallization and thermodynamic modeling of collision or impact events on ice-rich planetary bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Gleason
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 USA
| | - C A Bolme
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - E Galtier
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 USA
| | - H J Lee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 USA
| | - E Granados
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 USA
| | - D H Dolan
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 USA
| | - C T Seagle
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 USA
| | - T Ao
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 USA
| | - S Ali
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 USA
| | - A Lazicki
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 USA
| | - D Swift
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 USA
| | - P Celliers
- Shock Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 USA
| | - W L Mao
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025 USA
- Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 USA
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12
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Ultrafast visualization of crystallization and grain growth in shock-compressed SiO2. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8191. [PMID: 26337754 PMCID: PMC4569796 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure- and temperature-induced phase transitions have been studied for more than a century but very little is known about the non-equilibrium processes by which the atoms rearrange. Shock compression generates a nearly instantaneous propagating high-pressure/temperature condition while in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) probes the time-dependent atomic arrangement. Here we present in situ pump–probe XRD measurements on shock-compressed fused silica, revealing an amorphous to crystalline high-pressure stishovite phase transition. Using the size broadening of the diffraction peaks, the growth of nanocrystalline stishovite grains is resolved on the nanosecond timescale just after shock compression. At applied pressures above 18 GPa the nuclueation of stishovite appears to be kinetically limited to 1.4±0.4 ns. The functional form of this grain growth suggests homogeneous nucleation and attachment as the growth mechanism. These are the first observations of crystalline grain growth in the shock front between low- and high-pressure states via XRD. Pressure- and temperature-induced phase transitions have long been studied, but little is known about the processes by which the atoms rearrange. Here, the authors present in situ measurements on shock compressed fused silica, revealing an amorphous to crystalline high pressure stishovite phase transition.
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Jensen BJ, Owens CT, Ramos KJ, Yeager JD, Saavedra RA, Iverson AJ, Luo SN, Fezzaa K, Hooks DE. Impact system for ultrafast synchrotron experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:013904. [PMID: 23387665 DOI: 10.1063/1.4774389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The impact system for ultrafast synchrotron experiments, or IMPULSE, is a 12.6-mm bore light-gas gun (<1 km/s projectile velocity) designed specifically for performing dynamic compression experiments using the advanced imaging and X-ray diffraction methods available at synchrotron sources. The gun system, capable of reaching projectile velocities up to 1 km/s, was designed to be portable for quick insertion/removal in the experimental hutch at Sector 32 ID-B of the Advanced Photon Source (Argonne, IL) while allowing the target chamber to rotate for sample alignment with the beam. A key challenge in using the gun system to acquire dynamic data on the nanosecond time scale was synchronization (or bracketing) of the impact event with the incident X-ray pulses (80 ps width). A description of the basic gun system used in previous work is provided along with details of an improved launch initiation system designed to significantly reduce the total system time from launch initiation to impact. Experiments were performed to directly measure the gun system time and to determine the gun performance curve for projectile velocities ranging from 0.3 to 0.9 km/s. All results show an average system time of 21.6 ± 4.5 ms, making it possible to better synchronize the gun system and detectors to the X-ray beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Jensen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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14
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Abstract
This review discusses new developments in shock compression science with a focus on molecular media. Some basic features of shock and detonation waves, nonlinear excitations that can produce extreme states of high temperature and high pressure, are described. Methods of generating and detecting shock waves are reviewed, especially those using tabletop lasers that can be interfaced with advanced molecular diagnostics. Newer compression methods such as shockless compression and precompression shock that generate states of cold dense molecular matter are discussed. Shock compression creates a metallic form of hydrogen, melts diamond, and makes water a superionic liquid with unique catalytic properties. Our understanding of detonations at the molecular level has improved a great deal as a result of advanced nonequilibrium molecular simulations. Experimental measurements of detailed molecular behavior behind a detonation front might be available soon using femtosecond lasers to produce nanoscale simulated detonation fronts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana D. Dlott
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Aragones
- Dpto. de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Vega
- Dpto. de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Goldman N, Reed EJ, Kuo IFW, Fried LE, Mundy CJ, Curioni A. Ab initio simulation of the equation of state and kinetics of shocked water. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:124517. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3089426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Aragones JL, Conde MM, Noya EG, Vega C. The phase diagram of water at high pressures as obtained by computer simulations of the TIP4P/2005 model: the appearance of a plastic crystal phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:543-55. [DOI: 10.1039/b812834k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The melting of ice under pressure is investigated with a series of first-principles molecular dynamics simulations. In particular, a two-phase approach is used to determine the melting temperature of the ice-VII phase in the range of 10-50 GPa. Our computed melting temperatures are consistent with existing diamond anvil cell experiments. We find that for pressures between 10 and 40 GPa, ice melts as a molecular solid. For pressures above approximately 45 Gpa, there is a sharp increase in the slope of the melting curve because of the presence of molecular dissociation and proton diffusion in the solid before melting. The onset of significant proton diffusion in ice-VII as a function of increasing temperature is found to be gradual and bears many similarities to that of a type-II superionic solid.
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Evans WJ, Yoo CS, Lee GW, Cynn H, Lipp MJ, Visbeck K. Dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC): a novel device for studying the dynamic-pressure properties of materials. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2007; 78:073904. [PMID: 17672770 DOI: 10.1063/1.2751409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a unique device, a dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC), which repetitively applies a time-dependent load/pressure profile to a sample. This capability allows studies of the kinetics of phase transitions and metastable phases at compression (strain) rates of up to 500 GPa/s (approximately 0.16 s(-1) for a metal). Our approach adapts electromechanical piezoelectric actuators to a conventional diamond anvil cell design, which enables precise specification and control of a time-dependent applied load/pressure. Existing DAC instrumentation and experimental techniques are easily adapted to the dDAC to measure the properties of a sample under the varying load/pressure conditions. This capability addresses the sparsely studied regime of dynamic phenomena between static research (diamond anvil cells and large volume presses) and dynamic shock-driven experiments (gas guns, explosive, and laser shock). We present an overview of a variety of experimental measurements that can be made with this device.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Evans
- H-Division, Physics and Advanced Technologies, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA.
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