1
|
Visualizing interface-specific chemical bonds in adhesive bonding of carbon fiber structural composites using soft X-ray microscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16332. [PMID: 36175464 PMCID: PMC9522830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion is a technology for assembling carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polymer (CFRP), enabling them to maintain their lightweight and high-stiffness properties. Despite the importance of adhesion, the lack of a molecular-level understanding of the adhesion mechanisms has limited the reliability of adhesion for use in next-generation aircraft and automobiles. Here, we focused on the chemical-state distribution at a practical adhesive interface composed of an epoxy-based adhesive film bonded to an epoxy-based CF matrix. By fluorinating the OH group, we succeeded in visualizing the chemical state at the CF-matrix/adhesive interface using soft X-ray microscopy. The soft X-ray images exhibited a decrease in OH-related signals at the interface due to the local chemical interaction at the epoxy-epoxy adhesive interface. We also found that the N and O Kα signals were observable at the CF's surface, indicating the presence of nitrogen- and oxygen-containing functional groups. Based on these observations, we discuss the molecular-level adhesion mechanism at the CF-matrix/adhesive interface.
Collapse
|
2
|
Yamaguchi A, Akamatsu N, Saegusa S, Nakamura R, Utsumi Y, Kato M, Yagi I, Ishihara T, Oura M. In situ fluorescence yield soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy of electrochemical nickel deposition processes with and without ethylene glycol. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10425-10430. [PMID: 35424983 PMCID: PMC8982338 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01050j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical Ni deposition at a platinum electrode was investigated in a plating nickel bath in the presence and absence of ethylene glycol (EG) using fluorescence yield soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (FY-XAS) in the Ni L2,3-edge and O K-edge regions under potential control. At ≤+0.35 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), the electrochemical Ni deposition was detected by the Ni L2,3-edge FY-XAS in the presence of EG whereas almost no such event was observed in the absence of EG. A drastic decrease of FY-XAS intensities in the O K-edge region was also observed in the presence of EG at >+0.35 V vs. RHE, suggesting that the nano-/micro-structured Ni deposition initiated by the removal of water molecules occurs on the Pt electrode. The complex formation of Ni2+ with EG and the adsorption of EG on the Ni surface could play an important role in the Ni deposition. This study demonstrates that the in situ FY-XAS is a powerful and surface-sensitive technique to understand (electro)chemical reactions including polyol synthesis and electrocatalysis at solid–liquid interfaces. Schematic drawing of electrochemical reactions of the Pt-coated SiC electrode, which separates the vacuum and the solution containing Ni2+ and ethylene glycol, in our spectro-electrochemical setup for the FY-XAS.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry, University of Hyogo, 3-1-2 Kouto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1205, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Naoya Akamatsu
- Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry, University of Hyogo, 3-1-2 Kouto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1205, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Shunya Saegusa
- Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry, University of Hyogo, 3-1-2 Kouto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1205, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakamura
- Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry, University of Hyogo, 3-1-2 Kouto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1205, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yuichi Utsumi
- Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology for Industry, University of Hyogo, 3-1-2 Kouto, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1205, Japan
| | - Masaru Kato
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ichizo Yagi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishihara
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Masaki Oura
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ohkochi T, Muro T, Ikenaga E, Togawa K, Yasui A, Kotsugi M, Oura M, Tanaka H. Multilateral surface analysis of the CeB 6 electron-gun cathode used at SACLA XFEL. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:1729-1736. [PMID: 34738926 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521009656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The CeB6(001) single crystal used as a cathode in a low-emittance electron gun and operated at the free-electron laser facility SACLA was investigated using cathode lens electron microscopy combined with X-ray spectroscopy at SPring-8 synchrotron radiation facility. Multilateral analysis using thermionic emission electron microscopy, low-energy electron microscopy, ultraviolet and X-ray photoemission electron microscopy and hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy revealed that the thermionic electrons are emitted strongly and evenly from the CeB6 surface after pre-activation treatment (annealing at 1500°C for >1 h) and that the thermionic emission intensity as well as elemental composition vary between the central area and the edge of the old CeB6 surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuo Ohkochi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Takayuki Muro
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Eiji Ikenaga
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Togawa
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Akira Yasui
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Masato Kotsugi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Masaki Oura
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tanaka
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ohsawa S, Tokushima T, Okada K. Hydration of the Zwitterionic and Protonated Forms of Glycine Betaine Probed by Soft X-ray Emission Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometrics. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1881-1887. [PMID: 33570403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Soft X-ray absorption and emission spectra of glycine betaine (GB) have been measured at the O K-edge in neutral and strongly acidic solutions. The absorption spectra of the neutral solutions have a resonance peak at 532.6 eV, assigned to the transition to the π* orbital, whereas in the acidic solutions, the peak is shifted by -0.3 eV. The emission spectra taken as a function of the GB concentration have been analyzed by means of a modified classical least-squares regression method to obtain the hydration number of the solute. The analysis is successful when the emission spectra have been acquired at the energy of a slightly detuned resonance, giving 28 and 24 as the minimum values for the zwitterionic and protonated GB, respectively. The number of 28 accords with the reported values for the number of water molecules in the first hydration layer of the zwitterion and is greater than that obtained by other experimental techniques. The obtained numbers are used to discuss the hydration structure of GB with the aid of ab initio molecular orbital calculations. The hydration structure of the protonated form of GB is explored for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Ohsawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | | | - Kazumasa Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kosugi S, Koike F, Iizawa M, Oura M, Gejo T, Tamasaku K, Harries JR, Guillemin R, Piancastelli MN, Simon M, Azuma Y. Fluorescence Time Delay in Multistep Auger Decay as an Internal Clock. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:183001. [PMID: 32441980 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.183001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Differences in postcollision interaction (PCI) effects on Kr L_{3}M_{4,5}M_{4,5} Auger electron spectra were observed, depending on whether the initial photoionization occurred slightly above the K threshold or slightly above the L_{3} threshold. For the former, KL fluorescence emission most likely happens and then Auger processes due to the L_{3} hole follow. The time delay due to fluorescence causes a reduced shift of the Auger peak and tailing toward lower energy, since the Auger overtaking of the photoelectron happens later in time and at a location farther away from the ionic core, compared to the case for the simple one-step L_{3}M_{4,5}M_{4,5} Auger decay after L-shell photoionization. Time-dependent theory for PCI in multistep processes agrees well with experiment, illustrating the effect as an internal clock for the time-sequence of the dynamical process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kosugi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - F Koike
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - M Iizawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - M Oura
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - T Gejo
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Graduate School of Materials Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun 678-1297, Japan
| | - K Tamasaku
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - J R Harries
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - R Guillemin
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - M N Piancastelli
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Simon
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Y Azuma
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oura M, Ishihara T, Osawa H, Yamane H, Hatsui T, Ishikawa T. Development of a scanning soft X-ray spectromicroscope to investigate local electronic structures on surfaces and interfaces of advanced materials under conditions ranging from low vacuum to helium atmosphere. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:664-674. [PMID: 32381766 PMCID: PMC7285684 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520002258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A scanning soft X-ray spectromicroscope was recently developed based mainly on the photon-in/photon-out measurement scheme for the investigation of local electronic structures on the surfaces and interfaces of advanced materials under conditions ranging from low vacuum to helium atmosphere. The apparatus was installed at the soft X-ray beamline (BL17SU) at SPring-8. The characteristic features of the apparatus are described in detail. The feasibility of this spectromicroscope was demonstrated using soft X-ray undulator radiation. Here, based on these results, element-specific two-dimensional mapping and micro-XAFS (X-ray absorption fine structure) measurements are reported, as well as the observation of magnetic domain structures from using a reference sample of permalloy micro-dot patterns fabricated on a silicon substrate, with modest spatial resolution (e.g. ∼500 nm). Then, the X-ray radiation dose for Nafion® near the fluorine K-edge is discussed as a typical example of material that is not radiation hardened against a focused X-ray beam, for near future experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Oura
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishihara
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osawa
- JASRI, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamane
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Takaki Hatsui
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yamamura R, Suenaga T, Oura M, Tokushima T, Takahashi O. pH dependence of aqueous oxalic acid observed by X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.136895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
8
|
Yoshimura N, Takahashi O, Oura M, Horikawa Y. Electronic States of Acetic Acid in a Binary Mixture of Acetic Acid and 1-Methylimidazole Depend on the Environment. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:1332-1339. [PMID: 30685981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b11437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The unique characteristics of an acetic acid/1-methylimidazole (1-MI) mixture, showing higher electrical conductivity than either neat acetic acid or neat 1-MI, yet consisting of electrically neutral molecules, are reported. We have applied soft X-ray spectroscopy to reveal the electronic states of acetic acid in the acetic acid/1-MI mixture at various mole fractions of acetic acid (χHOAc). The results show that the amount of acetic acid monomer increases in the region of especially high electrical conductivity and the amount of complex of acetic acid and 1-MI formed by sharing molecular orbitals increases in the low electrical conductivity region. There is a little amount of acetic acid monomer in the low electrical conductivity region because the complex inhibits acetic acid from creating its monomer. These results suggest the possibility that the acetic acid monomer is related to electrical conduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation , Yamaguchi University , Yamaguchi 753-8512 , Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Soft X-ray Spectroscopy Instrumentation Team , Hyogo 679-5148 , Japan
| | - Osamu Takahashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Soft X-ray Spectroscopy Instrumentation Team , Hyogo 679-5148 , Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526 , Japan
| | - Masaki Oura
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Soft X-ray Spectroscopy Instrumentation Team , Hyogo 679-5148 , Japan
| | - Yuka Horikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation , Yamaguchi University , Yamaguchi 753-8512 , Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Soft X-ray Spectroscopy Instrumentation Team , Hyogo 679-5148 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hönig R, Roese P, Shamout K, Ohkochi T, Berges U, Westphal C. Structural, chemical, and magnetic properties of cobalt intercalated graphene on silicon carbide. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:025702. [PMID: 30382025 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aae8c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on a study of the Co intercalation process underneath the [Formula: see text] R30° reconstructed 6H-SiC(0001) surface for Co film-thicknesses in a range of 0.4-12 nm using a combination of surface sensitive imaging, diffractive, and spectroscopic methods. In situ photoemission electron microscopy reveals a dependence of the intercalation temperature on the Co film-thickness. Using low energy electron diffraction and photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), we find that the SiC surface reconstruction is partially lifted and transformed. We show that the [Formula: see text] R30° reconstruction does not prevent silicide formation for Co film-thicknesses ≥0.4 nm according to XPS and x-ray absorption spectra. Our results indicate that the silicide formation is self-limited to a thin interface region and is followed by Co intercalation between graphene and silicide. Furthermore, we analyze the magnetic properties using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism at the Co L-edge. In-plane magnetization is observed for all analyzed film-thicknesses. For ultra-thin Co films, self-assembled magnetic wires with a width of the order of 100 nm form at the step-edges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Hönig
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Horikawa Y, Tokushima T, Takahashi O, Harada Y, Hiraya A, Shin S. Effect of amino group protonation on the carboxyl group in aqueous glycine observed by O 1s X-ray emission spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23214-23221. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08305j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The valence electronic structures of the amino acid glycine in aqueous solution were investigated in detail through X-ray emission spectroscopy at O 1s excitation under selective excitation conditions of the CO site in the carboxyl group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - O. Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
| | - Y. Harada
- Institute for Solid State Physics
- The University of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization
| | - A. Hiraya
- Department of Physical Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
| | - S. Shin
- Institute for Solid State Physics
- The University of Tokyo
- Kashiwa
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Takamuku T, Tokuda T, Uchida T, Sonoda K, Marekha BA, Idrissi A, Takahashi O, Horikawa Y, Matsumura J, Tokushima T, Sakurai H, Kawano M, Sadakane K, Iwase H. Hydrogen bonds of the imidazolium rings of ionic liquids with DMSO studied by NMR, soft X-ray spectroscopy, and SANS. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12858-12869. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00963e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The three sites of [Cnmim]+ are fully hydrogen-bonded with DMSO, leading to homogeneous mixing.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ishihara T, Tokushima T, Horikawa Y, Kato M, Yagi I. Development of a spectro-electrochemical cell for soft X-ray photon-in photon-out spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:104101. [PMID: 29092480 DOI: 10.1063/1.4997820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We developed a spectro-electrochemical cell for X-ray absorption and X-ray emission spectroscopy, which are element-specific methods to study local electronic structures in the soft X-ray region. In the usual electrochemical measurement setup, the electrode is placed in solution, and the surface/interface region of the electrode is not normally accessible by soft X-rays that have low penetration depth in liquids. To realize soft X-ray observation of electrochemical reactions, a 15-nm-thick Pt layer was deposited on a 150-nm-thick film window with an adhesive 3-nm-thick Ti layer for use as both the working electrode and the separator window between vacuum and a sample liquid under atmospheric pressure. The designed three-electrode electrochemical cell consists of a Pt film on a SiC window, a platinized Pt wire, and a commercial Ag|AgCl electrode as the working, counter, and reference electrodes, respectively. The functionality of the cell was tested by cyclic voltammetry and X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy. As a demonstration, the electroplating of Pb on the Pt/SiC membrane window was measured by X-ray absorption and real-time monitoring of fluorescence intensity at the O 1s excitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Ishihara
- Soft X-ray Spectroscopy Instrumentation Unit, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokushima
- Soft X-ray Spectroscopy Instrumentation Unit, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yuka Horikawa
- Soft X-ray Spectroscopy Instrumentation Unit, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Masaru Kato
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, N10W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ichizo Yagi
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, N10W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gejo T, Oura M, Tokushima T, Horikawa Y, Arai H, Shin S, Kimberg V, Kosugi N. Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering and photoemission measurement of O2: Direct evidence for dependence of Rydberg-valence mixing on vibrational states in O 1s → Rydberg states. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:044310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4994895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Gejo
- University of Hyogo, Koto 3-2-1, Kamigori-cho 678-1297, Japan
- Riken SPring-8 Center, Koto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho 679-5148, Japan
| | - M. Oura
- Riken SPring-8 Center, Koto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho 679-5148, Japan
| | - T. Tokushima
- Riken SPring-8 Center, Koto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho 679-5148, Japan
| | - Y. Horikawa
- Riken SPring-8 Center, Koto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho 679-5148, Japan
| | - H. Arai
- Riken SPring-8 Center, Koto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho 679-5148, Japan
| | - S. Shin
- Riken SPring-8 Center, Koto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho 679-5148, Japan
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - V. Kimberg
- Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N. Kosugi
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Horikawa Y, Tokushima T, Takahashi O, Hoke H, Takamuku T. Correlation between Soft X-ray Absorption and Emission Spectra of the Nitrogen Atoms within Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:7480-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b04132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Horikawa
- Department
of Physics and Information Science, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
- Soft
X-ray Spectroscopy Instrumentation Unit, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokushima
- Soft
X-ray Spectroscopy Instrumentation Unit, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Osamu Takahashi
- Soft
X-ray Spectroscopy Instrumentation Unit, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Institute
for Sustainable Sciences and Development, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hoke
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takamuku
- Soft
X-ray Spectroscopy Instrumentation Unit, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and
Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
OIKE R, OKAMOTO Y, TOKUSHIMA T, NAKAMURA T, AMEZAWA K. In-situ Simultaneous Soft X-ray Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy under Controlled Atmosphere and Temperature. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.84.793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo OIKE
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center
| | - Yusuke OKAMOTO
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University
| | | | - Takashi NAKAMURA
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University
| | - Koji AMEZAWA
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sasaki Y, Horikawa Y, Tokushima T, Okada K, Oura M, Aida M. Hydration structure of trimethylamine N-oxide in aqueous solutions revealed by soft X-ray emission spectroscopy and chemometric analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:27648-27653. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03750j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Soft X-ray emission spectroscopy coupled with a quantitative spectral analysis offers a useful technique for probing the solvation structure around the solute which interacts strongly with the solvent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuu Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
| | - Yuka Horikawa
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center
- Sayo
- Japan
- Department of Physics and Information Science
- Faculty of Science
| | | | - Kazumasa Okada
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
| | | | - Misako Aida
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nishida N, Kanai S, Tokushima T, Horikawa Y, Takahashi O. A theoretical study on the selective oxygen K-edge soft X-ray emission spectroscopy of liquid acetic acid. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
18
|
Usui T, Tanaka Y, Nakajima H, Taguchi M, Chainani A, Oura M, Shin S, Katayama N, Sawa H, Wakabayashi Y, Kimura T. Observation of quadrupole helix chirality and its domain structure in DyFe3(BO3)4. NATURE MATERIALS 2014; 13:611-618. [PMID: 24705382 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Resonant X-ray diffraction (RXD) uses X-rays in the vicinity of a specific atomic absorption edge and is a powerful technique for studying symmetry breaking by motifs of various multipole moments, such as electric monopoles (charge), magnetic dipoles (spin) and electric quadrupoles (orbital). Using circularly polarized X-rays, this technique has been developed to verify symmetry breaking effects arising from chirality, the asymmetry of an object upon its mirroring. Chirality plays a crucial role in the emergence of functionalities such as optical rotatory power and multiferroicity. Here we apply spatially resolved RXD to reveal the helix chirality of Dy 4f electric quadrupole orientations and its domain structure in DyFe3(BO3)4, which shows a reversible phase transition into an enantiomorphic space-group pair. The present study provides evidence for a helix chiral motif of quadrupole moments developed in crystallographic helix chirality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Usui
- Division of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Y Tanaka
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - H Nakajima
- Division of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - M Taguchi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - A Chainani
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - M Oura
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - S Shin
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - N Katayama
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - H Sawa
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Y Wakabayashi
- Division of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - T Kimura
- Division of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yamamoto S, Senba Y, Tanaka T, Ohashi H, Hirono T, Kimura H, Fujisawa M, Miyawaki J, Harasawa A, Seike T, Takahashi S, Nariyama N, Matsushita T, Takeuchi M, Ohata T, Furukawa Y, Takeshita K, Goto S, Harada Y, Shin S, Kitamura H, Kakizaki A, Oshima M, Matsuda I. New soft X-ray beamline BL07LSU at SPring-8. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2014; 21:352-65. [PMID: 24562556 PMCID: PMC3945419 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577513034796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A new soft X-ray beamline, BL07LSU, has been constructed at SPring-8 to perform advanced soft X-ray spectroscopy for materials science. The beamline is designed to achieve high energy resolution (E/ΔE> 10000) and high photon flux [>10(12) photons s(-1) (0.01% bandwidth)(-1)] in the photon energy range 250-2000 eV with controllable polarization. To realise this state-of-the-art performance, a novel segmented cross undulator was developed and adopted as a light source. The details of the undulator light source and beamline monochromator design are described. The achieved performance of the beamline, such as the photon flux, energy resolution and the state of polarization, is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Yamamoto
- Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Laser and Synchrotron Research Center, The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasunori Senba
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Koto 1-1-1, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Ohashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Toko Hirono
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Masami Fujisawa
- Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Laser and Synchrotron Research Center, The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jun Miyawaki
- Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Laser and Synchrotron Research Center, The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ayumi Harasawa
- Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Laser and Synchrotron Research Center, The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Seike
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Sunao Takahashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Nariyama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsushita
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Masao Takeuchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Toru Ohata
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yukito Furukawa
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Takeshita
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Shunji Goto
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Harada
- Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Laser and Synchrotron Research Center, The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shik Shin
- Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Laser and Synchrotron Research Center, The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hideo Kitamura
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Koto 1-1-1, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Akito Kakizaki
- Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Laser and Synchrotron Research Center, The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masaharu Oshima
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Iwao Matsuda
- Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Laser and Synchrotron Research Center, The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Correspondence e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Oura M, Wagai T, Chainani A, Miyawaki J, Sato H, Matsunami M, Eguchi R, Kiss T, Yamaguchi T, Nakatani Y, Togashi T, Katayama T, Ogawa K, Yabashi M, Tanaka Y, Kohmura Y, Tamasaku K, Shin S, Ishikawa T. Development of a single-shot CCD-based data acquisition system for time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at an X-ray free-electron laser facility. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2014; 21:183-92. [PMID: 24365935 PMCID: PMC4421850 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577513028233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to utilize high-brilliance photon sources, such as X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), for advanced time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TR-PES), a single-shot CCD-based data acquisition system combined with a high-resolution hemispherical electron energy analyzer has been developed. The system's design enables it to be controlled by an external trigger signal for single-shot pump-probe-type TR-PES. The basic performance of the system is demonstrated with an offline test, followed by online core-level photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopy in 'single-shot image', 'shot-to-shot image (image-to-image storage or block storage)' and `shot-to-shot sweep' modes at soft X-ray undulator beamline BL17SU of SPring-8. In the offline test the typical repetition rate for image-to-image storage mode has been confirmed to be about 15 Hz using a conventional pulse-generator. The function for correcting the shot-to-shot intensity fluctuations of the exciting photon beam, an important requirement for the TR-PES experiments at FEL sources, has been successfully tested at BL17SU by measuring Au 4f photoelectrons with intentionally controlled photon flux. The system has also been applied to hard X-ray PES (HAXPES) in `ordinary sweep' mode as well as shot-to-shot image mode at the 27 m-long undulator beamline BL19LXU of SPring-8 and also at the SACLA XFEL facility. The XFEL-induced Ti 1s core-level spectrum of La-doped SrTiO3 is reported as a function of incident power density. The Ti 1s core-level spectrum obtained at low power density is consistent with the spectrum obtained using the synchrotron source. At high power densities the Ti 1s core-level spectra show space-charge effects which are analysed using a known mean-field model for ultrafast electron packet propagation. The results successfully confirm the capability of the present data acquisition system for carrying out the core-level HAXPES studies of condensed matter induced by the XFEL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Oura
- Research Infrastructure Group, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Wagai
- Research Infrastructure Group, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Ashish Chainani
- Research Infrastructure Group, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Jun Miyawaki
- Excitation Order Research Team, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Harima Branch, Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sato
- Research Infrastructure Group, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Masaharu Matsunami
- Excitation Order Research Team, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- UVSOR, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Eguchi
- Excitation Order Research Team, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- Research Laboratory for Surface Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kiss
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakatani
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Tadashi Togashi
- XFEL, JASRI, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Katayama
- XFEL, JASRI, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kanade Ogawa
- XFEL Research and Development Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- XFEL Research and Development Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Tanaka
- Research Infrastructure Group, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kohmura
- Research Infrastructure Group, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kenji Tamasaku
- Research Infrastructure Group, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Shik Shin
- Excitation Order Research Team, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The electronic structure of carbonate ion in aqueous solution studied by soft X-ray emission spectroscopy. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
22
|
Tokushima T, Horikawa Y, Takahashi O, Arai H, Sadakane K, Harada Y, Takata Y, Shin S. Solvation dependence of valence electronic states of water diluted in organic solvents probed by soft X-ray spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:10753-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00762j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The variety of occupied and unoccupied valence electronic states of water in organic solutions detected by X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tokushima
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center
- Soft X-ray Spectroscopy Instrumentation Unit
- Sayo, Japan
| | - Yuka Horikawa
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center
- Excitation Order Research Team
- Sayo, Japan
| | - Osamu Takahashi
- Institute for Sustainable Sciences and Development
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidemi Arai
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center
- Excitation Order Research Team
- Sayo, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences
- The University of Tokyo
| | | | - Yoshihisa Harada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center
- Excitation Order Research Team
- Sayo, Japan
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP)
- The University of Tokyo
| | - Yasutaka Takata
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center
- Excitation Order Research Team
- Sayo, Japan
- Institute for Sustainable Sciences and Development
- Hiroshima University
| | - Shik Shin
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center
- Excitation Order Research Team
- Sayo, Japan
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP)
- The University of Tokyo
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nishizawa K, Ohshimo K, Suzuki T. Vacuum Ultraviolet and Soft X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Liquid Beams Using a Hemispherical Photoelectron Spectrometer with a Multistage Differential Pumping System. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
24
|
Ohkochi T, Kotsugi M, Yamada K, Kawano K, Horiba K, Kitajima F, Oura M, Shiraki S, Hitosugi T, Oshima M, Ono T, Kinoshita T, Muro T, Watanabe Y. Capability of insulator study by photoemission electron microscopy at SPring-8. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2013; 20:620-5. [PMID: 23765305 PMCID: PMC4032072 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049513012508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The observation method of photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) on insulating samples has been established in an extremely simple way. Surface conductivity is induced locally on an insulating surface by continuous radiation of soft X-rays, and Au films close to the area of interest allow the accumulated charges on the insulated area to be released to ground level. Magnetic domain observations of a NiZn ferrite, local X-ray absorption spectroscopy of sapphire, high-resolution imaging of a poorly conducting Li0.9CoO2 film surface, and Au pattern evaporation on a fine rock particle are demonstrated. Using this technique, all users' experiments on poorly conducting samples have been performed successfully at the PEEM experimental station of SPring-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuo Ohkochi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute/SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tanaka Y, Terada N, Nakajima T, Taguchi M, Kojima T, Takata Y, Mitsuda S, Oura M, Senba Y, Ohashi H, Shin S. Incommensurate orbital modulation behind ferroelectricity in CuFeO2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:127205. [PMID: 23005982 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.127205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CuFeO(2) is one of the multiferroic materials and is the first case that the electric polarization is not explained by the magnetostriction model or the spin-current model. We have studied this material using soft x-ray resonant diffraction and found that superlattice reflection 0 1-2q 0 appears in the ferroelectric and incommensurate magnetic ordered phase at the Fe L(2,3) absorption edges and moreover that the rotation of the x-ray polarization such as from σ to π or from π to σ is allowed at this reflection. These findings definitely provide direct evidence that the 3d t(2g↓) orbital state of Fe ions has a long-range order in the ferroelectric state. The spin-orbit interaction in Fe ions plays a crucial role to the ferroelectricity in CuFeO(2), coupling two nontrivial spin and orbital orders, both of which break the crystal symmetry.
Collapse
|
26
|
Tokushima T, Horikawa Y, Arai H, Harada Y, Takahashi O, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A, Shin S. Polarization dependent resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy of D2O and H2O water: assignment of the local molecular orbital symmetry. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:044517. [PMID: 22299901 DOI: 10.1063/1.3678443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The polarization dependence of the split two peaks in the lone-pair region in the x-ray emission spectra has been determined at several different excitation energies for both D(2)O and H(2)O water. In contrast to predictions based on a narrow range of local water structures where the two peaks would be of different molecular orbital symmetry and arise from, respectively, intact and dissociated molecules, we show that the two peaks in the lone-pair region are both of lone-pair 1b(1) orbital symmetry. The results support the interpretation that the two peaks appear due to fluctuations between two distinct different main structural environments.
Collapse
|
27
|
Horikawa Y, Arai H, Tokushima T, Shin S. Spectral fingerprint in X-ray absorption for hydrogen-bonded dimer formation of acetic acids in solution. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
28
|
Arai H, Horikawa Y, Sadakane K, Tokushima T, Harada Y, Senba Y, Ohashi H, Takata Y, Shin S. Hydrogen bonding of water in 3-methylpyridine studied by O 1s X-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 14:1576-80. [PMID: 22190177 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23276f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
O 1s X-ray emission and X-ray absorption spectroscopy is applied to probe hydrogen bonding of water (D(2)O) in 3-methylpyridine. Owing to element selectivity of X-ray spectroscopies the electronic structure of water in the binary mixture was observed selectively. Based on the observed spectral changes associated with hydrogen bonding in O 1s X-ray emission and X-ray absorption spectra, we have investigated the hydrogen bond of the mixture sample over a wide range of D(2)O concentrations (X(D(2)O) = 0.02-1.0) at room temperature under atmospheric pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidemi Arai
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tokushima T, Horikawa Y, Shin S. Triple-path collector optics for grazing incident x-ray emission spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:073108. [PMID: 21806173 DOI: 10.1063/1.3610454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new type of collector optics was developed for grazing incident x-ray emission spectrometer. The collector optics used two cylindrical mirrors to add two extra light paths while keeping the center light path that directly illuminates the grating. The design and properties of the spectrometer using the triple-path collector optics were evaluated using ray-tracing simulations, and validity of this design in terms of throughput and energy resolution was confirmed by the experimentally obtained spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Tokushima
- RIKEN/SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nishizawa K, Kurahashi N, Sekiguchi K, Mizuno T, Ogi Y, Horio T, Oura M, Kosugi N, Suzuki T. High-resolution soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of liquid water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 13:413-7. [PMID: 21063619 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01636e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-resolution soft X-ray photoelectron spectra of liquid water (H(2)O and D(2)O) were measured using a liquid beam photoelectron spectrometer. The 1a(1) (O1s) band and the lowest valence 1b(1) band had single peaks, which is not consistent with the split 1b(1)→ 1a(1) of the X-ray emission band of liquid water if the splitting is assumed to originate from level shifts in two different hydrogen bonding structures. The second valence 3a(1) band of liquid water exhibited a flat top implying that two bands exist underneath a broad feature, which is similar to the case of the 3a(1) band of amorphous ice. The energy splitting between the two 3a(1) bands is estimated to be 1.38 eV (H(2)O) and 1.39 eV (D(2)O). Ab initio calculations suggest that the large splitting of the 3a(1) band is characteristic of water molecules that function as both proton donor and acceptor. The overall result is consistent with the conventional model of a tetrahedral hydrogen-bonding network in liquid water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Nishizawa
- Chemical Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Miyawaki J, Chainani A, Takata Y, Mulazzi M, Oura M, Senba Y, Ohashi H, Shin S. Out-of-plane nesting driven spin spiral in ultrathin Fe/Cu(001) films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:066407. [PMID: 20366842 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.066407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial ultrathin Fe films on fcc Cu(001) exhibit a spin spiral (SS), in contrast to the ferromagnetism of bulk bcc Fe. We study the in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OP) Fermi surfaces (FSs) of the SS in 8 monolayer Fe/Cu(001) films using energy-dependent soft-x-ray momentum-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We show that the SS originates in nested regions confined to OP FSs, which are drastically modified compared to IP FSs. From precise reciprocal-space maps in successive zones, we obtain the associated real space compressive strain of 1.5+/-0.5% along c axis. An autocorrelation analysis quantifies the incommensurate ordering vector q=(2pi/a)(0,0, approximately 0.86), favoring a SS and consistent with magneto-optic Kerr effect experiments. The results reveal the importance of IP and OP FS mapping for ultrathin films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Miyawaki
- Excitation Order Research Team, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Horikawa Y, Tokushima T, Hiraya A, Shin S. Pronounced polarization anisotropy in resonant X-ray emission from acetic acid molecules in solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:9165-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c003644g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
33
|
Takeuchi T, Chainani A, Takata Y, Tanaka Y, Oura M, Tsubota M, Senba Y, Ohashi H, Mochiku T, Hirata K, Shin S. An ultrahigh-vacuum apparatus for resonant diffraction experiments using soft x rays (hnu=300-2000 eV). THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:023905. [PMID: 19256660 DOI: 10.1063/1.3078269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an ultrahigh-vacuum instrument for resonant diffraction experiments using polarized soft x rays in the energy range of hnu=300-2000 eV at beamline BL17SU of SPring-8. The diffractometer consists of modified differentially pumped rotary feedthroughs for theta-2theta stages, a sample manipulator with motor-controlled x-y-z-, tilt (chi)-, and azimuth (phi)-axes, and a liquid helium flow-type cryostat for temperature dependent measurements between 30 and 300 K. Test results indicate that the diffractometer exhibits high reproducibility (better than 0.001 degrees ) for a Bragg reflection of alpha-quartz 100 at a photon energy of hnu=1950 eV. Typical off- and on-resonance Bragg reflections in the energy range of 530-1950 eV could be measured using the apparatus. The results show that x-ray diffraction experiments with energy-, azimuth-, and incident photon polarization-dependence can be reliably measured using soft x rays in the energy range of approximately 300-2000 eV. The facility can be used for resonant diffraction experiments across the L-edge of transition metals, M-edge of lanthanides, and up to the Si K-edge of materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Takeuchi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto Sayo-cho Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Horikawa Y, Tokushima T, Harada Y, Takahashi O, Chainani A, Senba Y, Ohashi H, Hiraya A, Shin S. Identification of valence electronic states of aqueous acetic acid in acid–base equilibrium using site-selective X-ray emission spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:8676-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b910039c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
35
|
Tokushima T, Horikawa Y, Harada Y, Takahashi O, Hiraya A, Shin S. Selective observation of the two oxygen atoms at different sites in the carboxyl group (–COOH) of liquid acetic acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:1679-82. [DOI: 10.1039/b818812b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
36
|
Kobayashi M, Hidai S, Niwa H, Harada Y, Oshima M, Horikawa Y, Tokushima T, Shin S, Nakamori Y, Aoki T. Co oxidation accompanied by degradation of Pt–Co alloy cathode catalysts in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:8226-30. [DOI: 10.1039/b903818c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
37
|
Kanai K, Nishi T, Iwahashi T, Ouchi Y, Seki K, Harada Y, Shin S. Anomalous electronic structure of ionic liquids determined by soft x-ray emission spectroscopy: Contributions from the cations and anions to the occupied electronic structure. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:224507. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3036925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
38
|
Hashimoto M, Guo FZ, Suzuki M, Ueda M, Matsuoka Y, Kinoshita T, Kobayashi K, Shin S, Oura M, Takeuchi T, Saito Y, Matsushita T, Yasue T, Koshikawa T. Mapping of chemical bonding states of Ag/Si(111) with synchrotron radiation photo emission electron microscopy. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
39
|
Takata Y, Kayanuma Y, Oshima S, Tanaka S, Yabashi M, Tamasaku K, Nishino Y, Matsunami M, Eguchi R, Chainani A, Oura M, Takeuchi T, Senba Y, Ohashi H, Shin S, Ishikawa T. Recoil effect of photoelectrons in the Fermi edge of simple metals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:137601. [PMID: 18851493 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.137601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
High energy resolution photoelectron spectroscopy of conduction electrons in the vicinity of the Fermi edge in Al and Au at excitation energies of 880 and 7940 eV was carried out using synchrotron radiation. For the excitation energy of 7940 eV, the observed Fermi energy of Al shows a remarkable shift to higher binding energy as compared with that of Au, with accompanying broadening. This is due to the recoil effect of the emitted photoelectrons. The observed spectra are well reproduced by a simple model of Bloch electrons based on the isotropic Debye model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Takata
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
High resolution X-ray emission spectroscopy of liquid water: The observation of two structural motifs. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
41
|
Tanaka Y, Takeuchi T, Lovesey SW, Knight KS, Chainani A, Takata Y, Oura M, Senba Y, Ohashi H, Shin S. Right handed or left handed? Forbidden x-ray diffraction reveals chirality. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:145502. [PMID: 18518045 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.145502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 02/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomers, or stereoisomers, have crystal structures that are mirror images of each other and are thus handed, like our right and left hands. The physical properties of enantiomers are identical except for optical activity, which rotates linearly polarized light by equal amounts but in opposite directions. While conventional x-ray Bragg diffraction can determine crystal structures, it does not distinguish between right- and left-handed crystals. We show resonant Bragg diffraction using circularly polarized x rays reveals the handedness of crystals by coupling x-ray helicity to a crystal screw axis. The intensity of resonantly allowed reflection of alpha-quartz is well described by an admixture of a parity-even and a parity-odd process. Our results are of general importance and demonstrate a new method to directly study chiral motifs in structures that include biomaterials, liquid crystals, magnets, multiferroics, etc.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ishida Y, Eguchi R, Matsunami M, Horiba K, Taguchi M, Chainani A, Senba Y, Ohashi H, Ohta H, Shin S. Coherent and Incoherent Excitations of Electron-Doped SrTiO3. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:056401. [PMID: 18352398 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.056401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Resonant photoemission at the Ti 2p and O 1s edges on a Nb-doped SrTiO(3) thin film revealed that the coherent state (CS) at the Fermi level (E(F)) had a mainly Ti 3d character whereas the incoherent in-gap state (IGS) positioned approximately 1.5 eV below E(F) had a mixed character of Ti 3d and O 2p states. This indicates that the IGS is formed by a spectral-weight transfer from the CS and subsequent spectral-weight redistribution through d-p hybridization. We discuss the evolution of the excitation spectrum with 3d band filling and rationalize the IGS through a mechanism similar to that proposed by Haldane and Anderson.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiaki Ishida
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|