1
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Peñas J, Alejo A, Bembibre A, Apiñaniz JI, García-García E, Guerrero C, Henares JL, Hernández-Palmero I, Méndez C, Millán-Callado MÁ, Puyuelo-Valdés P, Seimetz M, Benlliure J. Production of carbon-11 for PET preclinical imaging using a high-repetition rate laser-driven proton source. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11448. [PMID: 38769370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Most advanced medical imaging techniques, such as positron-emission tomography (PET), require tracers that are produced in conventional particle accelerators. This paper focuses on the evaluation of a potential alternative technology based on laser-driven ion acceleration for the production of radioisotopes for PET imaging. We report for the first time the use of a high-repetition rate, ultra-intense laser system for the production of carbon-11 in multi-shot operation. Proton bunches with energies up to 10-14 MeV were systematically accelerated in long series at pulse rates between 0.1 and 1 Hz using a PW-class laser. These protons were used to activate a boron target via the11 B(p,n)11 C nuclear reaction. A peak activity of 234 kBq was obtained in multi-shot operation with laser pulses with an energy of 25 J. Significant carbon-11 production was also achieved for lower pulse energies. The experimental carbon-11 activities measured in this work are comparable to the levels required for preclinical PET, which would be feasible by operating at the repetition rate of current state-of-the-art technology (10 Hz). The scalability of next-generation laser-driven accelerators in terms of this parameter for sustained operation over time could increase these overall levels into the clinical PET range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Peñas
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aarón Alejo
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adrián Bembibre
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Guerrero
- Dpto. Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear (FAMN), Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA) (US-Junta de Andalucía - CSIC), 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Cruz Méndez
- Centro de Láseres Pulsados (CLPU), 37185, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Millán-Callado
- Dpto. Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear (FAMN), Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA) (US-Junta de Andalucía - CSIC), 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Michael Seimetz
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC - Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Benlliure
- Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-UV), 46071, Valencia, Spain.
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2
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Gatu Johnson M. Charged particle diagnostics for inertial confinement fusion and high-energy-density physics experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:021104. [PMID: 36859013 DOI: 10.1063/5.0127438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
MeV-range ions generated in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and high-energy-density physics experiments carry a wealth of information, including fusion reaction yield, rate, and spatial emission profile; implosion areal density; electron temperature and mix; and electric and magnetic fields. Here, the principles of how this information is obtained from data and the charged particle diagnostic suite currently available at the major US ICF facilities for making the measurements are reviewed. Time-integrating instruments using image plate, radiochromic film, and/or CR-39 detectors in different configurations for ion counting, spectroscopy, or emission profile measurements are described, along with time-resolving detectors using chemical vapor deposited diamonds coupled to oscilloscopes or scintillators coupled to streak cameras for measuring the timing of ion emission. A brief description of charged-particle radiography setups for probing subject plasma experiments is also given. The goal of the paper is to provide the reader with a broad overview of available capabilities, with reference to resources where more detailed information can be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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3
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Mariscal DA, Djordjević BZ, Anirudh R, Bremer T, Campbell PC, Feister S, Folsom E, Grace ES, Hollinger R, Jacobs SA, Kailkhura B, Kalantar D, Kemp AJ, Kim J, Kur E, Liu S, Ludwig J, Morrison J, Nedbailo R, Ose N, Park J, Rocca JJ, Scott GG, Simpson RA, Song H, Spears B, Sullivan B, Swanson KK, Thiagarajan J, Wang S, Williams GJ, Wilks SC, Wyatt M, Van Essen B, Zacharias R, Zeraouli G, Zhang J, Ma T. A flexible proton beam imaging energy spectrometer (PROBIES) for high repetition rate or single-shot high energy density (HED) experiments (invited). THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:023507. [PMID: 36859040 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The PROBIES diagnostic is a new, highly flexible, imaging and energy spectrometer designed for laser-accelerated protons. The diagnostic can detect low-mode spatial variations in the proton beam profile while resolving multiple energies on a single detector or more. When a radiochromic film stack is employed for "single-shot mode," the energy resolution of the stack can be greatly increased while reducing the need for large numbers of films; for example, a recently deployed version allowed for 180 unique energy measurements spanning ∼3 to 75 MeV with <0.4 MeV resolution using just 20 films vs 180 for a comparable traditional film and filter stack. When utilized with a scintillator, the diagnostic can be run in high-rep-rate (>Hz rate) mode to recover nine proton energy bins. We also demonstrate a deep learning-based method to analyze data from synthetic PROBIES images with greater than 95% accuracy on sub-millisecond timescales and retrained with experimental data to analyze real-world images on sub-millisecond time-scales with comparable accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Mariscal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B Z Djordjević
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Anirudh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - T Bremer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - P C Campbell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Feister
- Department of Computer Science, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, California 93012, USA
| | - E Folsom
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - E S Grace
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Hollinger
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - S A Jacobs
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B Kailkhura
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D Kalantar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A J Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Kim
- Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - E Kur
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Liu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Ludwig
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Morrison
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - R Nedbailo
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - N Ose
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Park
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - J J Rocca
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - G G Scott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R A Simpson
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Song
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - B Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B Sullivan
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - K K Swanson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Thiagarajan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Wang
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - G J Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S C Wilks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - M Wyatt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B Van Essen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - R Zacharias
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G Zeraouli
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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4
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Reimold M, Assenbaum S, Bernert C, Beyreuther E, Brack FE, Karsch L, Kraft SD, Kroll F, Loeser M, Nossula A, Pawelke J, Püschel T, Schlenvoigt HP, Schramm U, Umlandt MEP, Zeil K, Ziegler T, Metzkes-Ng J. Time-of-flight spectroscopy for laser-driven proton beam monitoring. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21488. [PMID: 36509788 PMCID: PMC9744900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Application experiments with laser plasma-based accelerators (LPA) for protons have to cope with the inherent fluctuations of the proton source. This creates a demand for non-destructive and online spectral characterization of the proton pulses, which are for application experiments mostly spectrally filtered and transported by a beamline. Here, we present a scintillator-based time-of-flight (ToF) beam monitoring system (BMS) for the recording of single-pulse proton energy spectra. The setup's capabilities are showcased by characterizing the spectral stability for the transport of LPA protons for two beamline application cases. For the two beamline settings monitored, data of 122 and 144 proton pulses collected over multiple days were evaluated, respectively. A relative energy uncertainty of 5.5% (1[Formula: see text]) is reached for the ToF BMS, allowing for a Monte-Carlo based prediction of depth dose distributions, also used for the calibration of the device. Finally, online spectral monitoring combined with the prediction of the corresponding depth dose distribution in the irradiated samples is demonstrated to enhance applicability of plasma sources in dose-critical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Reimold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Stefan Assenbaum
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Bernert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian-Emanuel Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leonhard Karsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan D Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Kroll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Loeser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexej Nossula
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Jörg Pawelke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Püschel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marvin E P Umlandt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Mahmood MA, Ahn GE, Lee SH, Kim SY, Ahmad I, Tahir S, Yang JM, Yoon JW, Sung JH, Lee SK, Choi IW, Nam CH. Absolute response of a proton detector composed of a microchannel plate assembly and a charge-coupled device to laser-accelerated multi-MeV protons. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:113311. [PMID: 36461536 DOI: 10.1063/5.0118775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The absolute response of a real-time proton detector, composed of a microchannel plate (MCP) assembly, an imaging lens, and a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, is calibrated for the spectral characterization of laser-accelerated protons, using a Thomson parabola spectrometer (TPS). A slotted CR-39 plate was used as an absolute particle-counting detector in the TPS, simultaneously with the MCP-CCD detector to obtain a calibration factor (count/proton). In order to obtain the calibration factor as a function of proton energy for a wide range of proton numbers, the absolute response was investigated for different operation parameters of the MCP-CCD detector, such as MCP voltage, phosphor voltage, and CCD gain. A theoretical calculation for the net response of the MCP was in good agreement with the calibrated response of the MCP-CCD detector, and allows us to extend the response to higher proton energies. The response varies in two orders of magnitude, showing an exponential increase with the MCP voltage and almost linear increase with the phosphor voltage and the CCD gain. The calibrated detector enabled characterization of a proton energy spectrum in a wide dynamic range of proton numbers. Moreover, two MCP assemblies having different structures of MCP, phosphor screen, and optical output window have been calibrated, and the difference in the absolute response was highlighted. The highly-sensitive detector operated with maximum values of the parameters enables measuring a single proton particle and evaluating an absolute spectrum at high proton energies in a single laser shot. The absolute calibrations can be applied for the spectral measurement of protons using different operating voltages and gains for optimized response in a large range of proton energy and number.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahsan Mahmood
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Eun Ahn
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hwa Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Izhar Ahmad
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Tahir
- Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Jeong Moon Yang
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Yoon
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Woo Choi
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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6
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Schmitz B, Metternich M, Boine-Frankenheim O. Automated reconstruction of the initial distribution of laser accelerated ion beams from radiochromic film (RCF) stacks. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:093306. [PMID: 36182524 DOI: 10.1063/5.0094105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Radiochromic film (RCF) stacks are the most commonly used diagnostic of laser accelerated ion beams at Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt (GSI) and at other laboratories. So far, the evaluation of the stacks is performed using manual input for the deposited energy determination. This is usually a tedious task and introduces uncertainty in the resulting ion energy spectrum and also in the corresponding angular distribution. An automated procedure is especially important if larger data sets, containing multiple laser shots, are investigated. Here, we describe an automated procedure for the evaluation of digitized RCF stacks. RCF stacks obtained at GSI's PHELIX laser system are evaluated as a test case. A validation of parts of the procedure is performed on generated input data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Schmitz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Teilchenbeschleunigung und Elektromagnetische Felder (TEMF), Schlossgartenstr. 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Martin Metternich
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Schlossgartenstr. 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Oliver Boine-Frankenheim
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Teilchenbeschleunigung und Elektromagnetische Felder (TEMF), Schlossgartenstr. 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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7
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Kochetkov IV, Bukharskii ND, Ehret M, Abe Y, Law KFF, Ospina-Bohorquez V, Santos JJ, Fujioka S, Schaumann G, Zielbauer B, Kuznetsov A, Korneev P. Neural network analysis of quasistationary magnetic fields in microcoils driven by short laser pulses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13734. [PMID: 35962017 PMCID: PMC9374746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical generation of kilo-tesla scale magnetic fields enables prospective technologies and fundamental studies with unprecedentedly high magnetic field energy density. A question is the optimal configuration of proposed setups, where plenty of physical phenomena accompany the generation and complicate both theoretical studies and experimental realizations. Short laser drivers seem more suitable in many applications, though the process is tangled by an intrinsic transient nature. In this work, an artificial neural network is engaged for unravelling main features of the magnetic field excited with a picosecond laser pulse. The trained neural network acquires an ability to read the magnetic field values from experimental data, extremely facilitating interpretation of the experimental results. The conclusion is that the short sub-picosecond laser pulse may generate a quasi-stationary magnetic field structure living on a hundred picosecond time scale, when the induced current forms a closed circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iu V Kochetkov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - N D Bukharskii
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M Ehret
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - CEA, Talence, France.,Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Y Abe
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K F F Law
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - J J Santos
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), UMR 5107, Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - CEA, Talence, France
| | - S Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - G Schaumann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - A Kuznetsov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ph Korneev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russian Federation. .,Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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8
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Abe Y, Kohri H, Tokiyasu A, Minami T, Iwasaki K, Taguchi T, Asai T, Kanasaki M, Kodaira S, Fujioka S, Kuramitsu Y, Fukuda Y. A multi-stage scintillation counter for GeV-scale multi-species ion spectroscopy in laser-driven particle acceleration experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:063502. [PMID: 35778001 DOI: 10.1063/5.0078817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Particle counting analysis (PCA) with a multi-stage scintillation detector shows a new perspective on angularly resolved spectral characterization of GeV-scale, multi-species ion beams produced by high-power lasers. The diagnosis provides a mass-dependent ion energy spectrum based on time-of-flight and pulse-height analysis of single particle events detected through repetitive experiments. With a novel arrangement of multiple scintillators with different ions stopping powers, PCA offers potential advantages over commonly used diagnostic instruments (CR-39, radiochromic films, Thomson parabola, etc.) in terms of coverage solid angle, detection efficiency for GeV-ions, and real-time analysis during the experiment. The basic detector unit was tested using 230-MeV proton beam from a synchrotron facility, where we demonstrated its potential ability to discriminate major ion species accelerated in laser-plasma experiments (i.e., protons, deuterons, carbon, and oxygen ions) with excellent energy and mass resolution. The proposed diagnostic concept would be essential for a better understanding of laser-driven particle acceleration, which paves the way toward all-optical compact accelerators for a range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Abe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Kohri
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - A Tokiyasu
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi 982-0826, Japan
| | - T Minami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Iwasaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Taguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Asai
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 658-0022, Japan
| | - M Kanasaki
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 658-0022, Japan
| | - S Kodaira
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - S Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Kuramitsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Fukuda
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
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9
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Low divergent MeV-class proton beam with micrometer source size driven by a few-cycle laser pulse. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8100. [PMID: 35577999 PMCID: PMC9110398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial characterization of 0.5 MeV proton beam, driven by 12 fs, 35 mJ, 1019 W/cm2 intense laser-foil interaction is presented. The accelerated proton beam has been applied to obtain a high-resolution, point-projection static radiograph of a fine mesh using a CR-39 plate. The reconstruction of mesh edge blurring and particle ray tracing suggests that these protons have an effective source size (FWHM) of just 3.3 ± 0.3 µm. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the proton beam recorded on the CR-39 showed that the divergence of these particles is less than 5-degree (FWHM). The low divergence and small source size of the proton beam resulted in an ultralow transverse emittance of 0.00032 π-mm-mrad, which is several orders of magnitude smaller than that of a conventional accelerator beam.
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10
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Salgado-López C, Apiñaniz JI, Henares JL, Pérez-Hernández JA, de Luis D, Volpe L, Gatti G. Angular-Resolved Thomson Parabola Spectrometer for Laser-Driven Ion Accelerators. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22093239. [PMID: 35590929 PMCID: PMC9104512 DOI: 10.3390/s22093239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This article reports the development, construction, and experimental test of an angle-resolved Thomson parabola (TP) spectrometer for laser-accelerated multi-MeV ion beams in order to distinguish between ionic species with different charge-to-mass ratio. High repetition rate (HHR) compatibility is guaranteed by the use of a microchannel plate (MCP) as active particle detector. The angular resolving power, which is achieved due to an array of entrance pinholes, can be simply adjusted by modifying the geometry of the experiment and/or the pinhole array itself. The analysis procedure allows for different ion traces to cross on the detector plane, which greatly enhances the flexibility and capabilities of the detector. A full characterization of the TP magnetic field is implemented into a relativistic code developed for the trajectory calculation of each pinhole beamlet. We describe the first test of the spectrometer at the 1PW VEGA 3 laser facility at CLPU, Salamanca (Spain), where up to 15MeV protons and carbon ions from a 3μm laser-irradiated Al foil are detected.
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11
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Wilson R, King M, Butler NMH, Carroll DC, Frazer TP, Duff MJ, Higginson A, Dance RJ, Jarrett J, Davidson ZE, Armstrong CD, Liu H, Hawkes SJ, Clarke RJ, Neely D, Gray RJ, McKenna P. Influence of spatial-intensity contrast in ultraintense laser-plasma interactions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1910. [PMID: 35115579 PMCID: PMC8814164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the intensity to which high power laser pulses are focused has opened up new research possibilities, including promising new approaches to particle acceleration and phenomena such as high field quantum electrodynamics. Whilst the intensity achievable with a laser pulse of a given power can be increased via tighter focusing, the focal spot profile also plays an important role in the interaction physics. Here we show that the spatial-intensity distribution, and specifically the ratio of the intensity in the peak of the laser focal spot to the halo surrounding it, is important in the interaction of ultraintense laser pulses with solid targets. By comparing proton acceleration measurements from foil targets irradiated with by a near-diffraction-limited wavelength scale focal spot and larger F-number focusing, we find that this spatial-intensity contrast parameter strongly influences laser energy coupling to fast electrons. We find that for multi-petawatt pulses, spatial-intensity contrast is potentially as important as temporal-intensity contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wilson
- SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - M King
- SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK.,The Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, UK
| | - N M H Butler
- SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - D C Carroll
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - T P Frazer
- SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - M J Duff
- SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - A Higginson
- SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - R J Dance
- SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - J Jarrett
- SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - Z E Davidson
- SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - C D Armstrong
- SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK.,Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - H Liu
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK.,Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - S J Hawkes
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - R J Clarke
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - D Neely
- SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK.,Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - R J Gray
- SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK
| | - P McKenna
- SUPA Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK. .,The Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Warrington, WA4 4AD, UK.
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12
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Tisi M, Mares V, Schreiber J, Englbrecht FS, Rühm W. Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation study of the secondary radiation fields at the laser-driven ion source LION. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24418. [PMID: 34952912 PMCID: PMC8709851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
At the Center for Advanced Laser Applications (CALA), Garching, Germany, the LION (Laser-driven ION Acceleration) experiment is being commissioned, aiming at the production of laser-driven bunches of protons and light ions with multi-MeV energies and repetition frequency up to 1 Hz. A Geant4 Monte Carlo-based study of the secondary neutron and photon fields expected during LION's different commissioning phases is presented. Goal of this study is the characterization of the secondary radiation environment present inside and outside the LION cave. Three different primary proton spectra, taken from experimental results reported in the literature and representative of three different future stages of the LION's commissioning path are used. Together with protons, also electrons are emitted through laser-target interaction and are also responsible for the production of secondary radiation. For the electron component of the three source terms, a simplified exponential model is used. Moreover, in order to reduce the simulation complexity, a two-components simplified geometrical model of proton and electron sources is proposed. It has been found that the radiation environment inside the experimental cave is either dominated by photons or neutrons depending on the position in the room and the source term used. The higher the intensity of the source, the higher the neutron contribution to the total dose for all scored positions. Maximum neutron and photon ambient dose equivalent values normalized to 109 simulated incident primaries were calculated at the exit of the vacuum chamber, where values of about 85 nSv (109 primaries)-1 and 1.0 μSv (109 primaries)-1 were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tisi
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - V Mares
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Schreiber
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Garching bei München, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - F S Englbrecht
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - W Rühm
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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13
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Bott AFA, Chen L, Boutoux G, Caillaud T, Duval A, Koenig M, Khiar B, Lantuéjoul I, Le-Deroff L, Reville B, Rosch R, Ryu D, Spindloe C, Vauzour B, Villette B, Schekochihin AA, Lamb DQ, Tzeferacos P, Gregori G, Casner A. Inefficient Magnetic-Field Amplification in Supersonic Laser-Plasma Turbulence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:175002. [PMID: 34739267 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.175002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a laser-plasma experiment that was carried out at the LMJ-PETAL facility and realized the first magnetized, turbulent, supersonic (Ma_{turb}≈2.5) plasma with a large magnetic Reynolds number (Rm≈45) in the laboratory. Initial seed magnetic fields were amplified, but only moderately so, and did not become dynamically significant. A notable absence of magnetic energy at scales smaller than the outer scale of the turbulent cascade was also observed. Our results support the notion that moderately supersonic, low-magnetic-Prandtl-number plasma turbulence is inefficient at amplifying magnetic fields compared to its subsonic, incompressible counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F A Bott
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, University of Princeton, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - L Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - G Boutoux
- CEA-DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | - A Duval
- CEA-DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - M Koenig
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique, UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - B Khiar
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | | | | | - B Reville
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Postfach 10 39 80, 69029 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Rosch
- CEA-DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - D Ryu
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - C Spindloe
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0XQ, United Kingdom
| | - B Vauzour
- CEA-DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | - A A Schekochihin
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Merton College, Merton Street, Oxford OX1 4JD, United Kingdom
| | - D Q Lamb
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - P Tzeferacos
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, 206 Bausch & Lomb Hall, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A Casner
- CEA-DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
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14
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Hesse M, Ebert T, Zimmer M, Scheuren S, Schaumann G, Roth M. Spatially resolved online particle detector using scintillators for laser-driven particle sources. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:093302. [PMID: 34598491 DOI: 10.1063/5.0052507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Laser-based particle accelerators have been an active field of research for over two decades moving from laser systems capable of one shot every hour to systems able to deliver repetition rates in the Hz regime. Based on the advancements in laser technology, the corresponding detection methods need to develop from single to multiple use with high readout speed. Here, we present an online compact tracker of particles using scintillators with nine resolvable energy levels and a spatial resolution of 3.6 × 3.6 mm2 over the whole active area. This paper describes the design and construction of the detector, which is based on pixellated scintillators embedded inside an absorber matrix. The scintillator pixels are fiberoptically coupled to a camera system for online readout and analysis. Calibration with a radioactive source and first experimental data measuring laser accelerated ions at the PHELIX laser at GSI, Darmstadt, Germany, are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hesse
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Institut für Kernphysik, Schlossgartenstr. 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Ebert
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Institut für Kernphysik, Schlossgartenstr. 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Zimmer
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Institut für Kernphysik, Schlossgartenstr. 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Scheuren
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Institut für Kernphysik, Schlossgartenstr. 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Schaumann
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Institut für Kernphysik, Schlossgartenstr. 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Roth
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Institut für Kernphysik, Schlossgartenstr. 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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15
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Abe Y, Morace A, Arikawa Y, Mirfayzi SR, Golovin D, Law KFF, Fujioka S, Yogo A, Nakai M. Dosimetric calibration of GafChromic HD-V2, MD-V3, and EBT3 films for dose ranges up to 100 kGy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:063301. [PMID: 34243550 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A dosimetric calibration of three types of radiochromic films (GafChromicTM HD-V2, MD-V3, and EBT3) was carried out for absorbed doses (D) ranging up to 100 kGy using a 130 TBq Co60 γ-ray source. The optical densities (ODs) of the irradiated films were acquired with the transmission-mode flatbed film scanner EPSON GT-X980. The calibration data were cross-checked using the 20-MeV proton beam from the azimuthally varying field cyclotron at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics in Osaka University. These experimental results not only present the measurable dose ranges of the films depending on the readout wavelength, but also show consistency with our hypothesis that the OD response curve [log(OD)-log(D) curve] is determined by the volumetric average of the absorption dose and does not strongly depend on the type of radiation for the excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Abe
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Morace
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Arikawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S R Mirfayzi
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - D Golovin
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K F F Law
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Yogo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Nakai
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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16
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Radiochromic Films for the Two-Dimensional Dose Distribution Assessment. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11052132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Radiochromic films are mainly used for two-dimensional dose verification in photon, electron, and proton therapy treatments. Moreover, the radiochromic film types available today allow their use in a wide dose range, corresponding to applications from low-medical diagnostics to high-dose beam profile measurements in charged particle medical accelerators. An in-depth knowledge of the characteristics of radiochromic films, of their operating principles, and of the dose reading techniques is of paramount importance to exploit all the features of this interesting and versatile radiation detection system. This short review focuses on these main aspects by considering the most recent works on the subject.
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17
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Accurate spectra for high energy ions by advanced time-of-flight diamond-detector schemes in experiments with high energy and intensity lasers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3071. [PMID: 33542470 PMCID: PMC7862373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82655-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-Of-Flight (TOF) methods are very effective to detect particles accelerated in laser-plasma interactions, but they show significant limitations when used in experiments with high energy and intensity lasers, where both high-energy ions and remarkable levels of ElectroMagnetic Pulses (EMPs) in the radiofrequency-microwave range are generated. Here we describe a novel advanced diagnostic method for the characterization of protons accelerated by intense matter interactions with high-energy and high-intensity ultra-short laser pulses up to the femtosecond and even future attosecond range. The method employs a stacked diamond detector structure and the TOF technique, featuring high sensitivity, high resolution, high radiation hardness and high signal-to-noise ratio in environments heavily affected by remarkable EMP fields. A detailed study on the use, the optimization and the properties of a single module of the stack is here described for an experiment where a fast diamond detector is employed in an highly EMP-polluted environment. Accurate calibrated spectra of accelerated protons are presented from an experiment with the femtosecond Flame laser (beyond 100 TW power and ~ 1019 W/cm2 intensity) interacting with thin foil targets. The results can be readily applied to the case of complex stack configurations and to more general experimental conditions.
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18
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Mahmood MA, Lee SG, Lee SH, Kim HN, Lee K, Ahmad I, Yang JM, Yoon JW, Lee HW, Sung JH, Lee SK, Choi IW, Nam CH. Calibration of radiochromic EBT3 film using laser-accelerated protons. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:023302. [PMID: 33648087 DOI: 10.1063/5.0031253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a proof of principle for onsite calibration of a radiochromic film (EBT3) using CR-39 as an absolute proton-counting detector and laser-accelerated protons as a calibration source. A special detector assembly composed of aluminum range filters, an EBT3 film, and a CR-39 detector is used to expose the EBT3 film with protons in an energy range of 3.65 MeV-5.85 MeV. In our design, the proton beam is divided into small beamlets and their projection images are taken on the EBT3 film and the CR-39 detector by maintaining a certain distance between the two detectors. Owing to the geometrical factor of the configuration and scattering inside the EBT3, the areal number density of protons was kept below the saturation level of the CR-39 detector. We also present a method to relate the number of protons detected on the CR-39 in a narrow energy range to protons with a broad energy spectrum that contribute to the dose deposited in the EBT3 film. The energy spectrum of protons emitted along the target normal direction is simultaneously measured using another CR-39 detector installed in a Thomson parabola spectrometer. The calibration curves for the EBT3 film were obtained in the optical density range of 0.01-0.25 for low dose values of 0.1 Gy-3.0 Gy. Our results are in good agreement with the calibrations of the EBT3 film that are traditionally carried out using conventional accelerators. The method presented here can be further extended for onsite calibration of radiochromic films of other types and for a higher range of dose values.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahsan Mahmood
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Geun Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hwa Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Kim
- Research Center for Ultrafast Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Lee
- Research Center for Ultrafast Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Izhar Ahmad
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Jeong Moon Yang
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Yoon
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang Woon Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Woo Choi
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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19
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Snyder J, Morrison J, Feister S, Frische K, George K, Le M, Orban C, Ngirmang G, Chowdhury E, Roquemore W. Background pressure effects on MeV protons accelerated via relativistically intense laser-plasma interactions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18245. [PMID: 33106504 PMCID: PMC7588495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present how chamber background pressure affects energetic proton acceleration from an ultra-intense laser incident on a thin liquid target. A high-repetition-rate (100 Hz), 3.5 mJ laser with peak intensity of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$8 \times 10^{18}\,\text {Wcm}^{-2}$$\end{document}8×1018Wcm-2 impinged on a 450 nm sheet of flowing liquid ethylene glycol. For these parameters, we experimentally demonstrate a threshold in laser-to-proton conversion efficiency at background pressures \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$< 8\,\text {Torr}$$\end{document}<8Torr, wherein the overall energy in ions \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$>1\,\text {MeV}$$\end{document}>1MeV increases by an order of magnitude. Proton acceleration becomes increasingly efficient at lower background pressures and laser-to-proton conversion efficiency approaches a constant as the vacuum pressure decreases. We present two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations and a charge neutralization model to support our experimental findings. Our experiment demonstrates that high vacuum is not required for energetic ion acceleration, which relaxes target debris requirements and facilitates applications of high-repetition rate laser-based proton accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Snyder
- Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Miami University, Hamilton, OH, 45011, USA.
| | - John Morrison
- Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., Dayton, OH, 45459, USA
| | - Scott Feister
- Department of Computer Science, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, 93012, USA
| | - Kyle Frische
- Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., Dayton, OH, 45459, USA
| | - Kevin George
- Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., Dayton, OH, 45459, USA
| | - Manh Le
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Christopher Orban
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Gregory Ngirmang
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Enam Chowdhury
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Intense Energy Solutions, LLC, Plain City, OH, 43064, USA.,Department of Material Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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20
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Curry CB, Dunning CAS, Gauthier M, Chou HGJ, Fiuza F, Glenn GD, Tsui YY, Bazalova-Carter M, Glenzer SH. Optimization of radiochromic film stacks to diagnose high-flux laser-accelerated proton beams. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:093303. [PMID: 33003776 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Here, we extend flatbed scanner calibrations of GafChromic EBT3, MD-V3, and HD-V2 radiochromic films using high-precision x-ray irradiation and monoenergetic proton bombardment. By computing a visibility parameter based on fractional errors, optimal dose ranges and transitions between film types are identified. The visibility analysis is used to design an ideal radiochromic film stack for the proton energy spectrum expected from the interaction of a petawatt laser with a cryogenic hydrogen jet target.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Curry
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C A S Dunning
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - M Gauthier
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H-G J Chou
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - F Fiuza
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G D Glenn
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Y Y Tsui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - M Bazalova-Carter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - S H Glenzer
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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21
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Assessment of Angular Spectral Distributions of Laser Accelerated Particles for Simulation of Radiation Dose Map in Target Normal Sheath Acceleration Regime of High Power Laser-Thin Solid Target Interaction—Comparison with Experiments. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10124390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An adequate simulation model has been used for the calculation of angular and energy distributions of electrons, protons, and photons emitted during a high-power laser, 5-µm thick Ag target interaction. Their energy spectra and fluencies have been calculated between 0 and 360 degrees around the interaction point with a step angle of five degrees. Thus, the contribution of each ionizing species to the total fluency value has been established. Considering the geometry of the experimental set-up, a map of the radiation dose inside the target vacuum chamber has been simulated, using the Geant4 General Particle Source code, and further compared with the experimental one. Maximum values of the measured dose of the order of tens of mGy per laser shot have been obtained in the direction normal to the target at about 30 cm from the interaction point.
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22
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Würl M, Gianoli C, Englbrecht FS, Schreiber J, Parodi K. A Monte Carlo feasibility study on quantitative laser-driven proton radiography. Z Med Phys 2020; 32:109-119. [PMID: 32532553 PMCID: PMC9948831 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Laser-accelerated proton bunches with kinetic energies up to several tens of MeV and at repetition rates in the order of Hz are nowadays achievable at several research centres housing high-power laser system. The unique features of such ultra-short bunches are also arousing interest in the field of radiological and biomedical applications. For many of these applications, accurate positioning of the biological target is crucial, raising the need for on-site imaging. One convenient option is proton radiography, which can exploit the polyenergetic spectrum of laser-accelerated proton bunches. We present a Monte Carlo (MC) feasibility study to assess the applicability and potential of laser-driven proton radiography of millimetre to centimetre sized objects. Our radiography setup consists of a thin time-of-flight spectrometer operated in transmission prior to the object and a pixelated silicon detector for imaging. Proton bunches with kinetic energies up to 20MeV and up to 100MeV were investigated. The water equivalent thickness (WET) of the traversed material is calculated from the energy deposition inside an imaging detector, using an online generated calibration curve that is based on a MC generated look-up table and the reconstructed proton energy distribution. With a dose of 43mGy for a 1mm thin object imaged with protons up to 20MeV, the reconstructed WET of defined regions-of-interest was within 1.5% of the ground truth values. The spatial resolution, which strongly depends on the gap between object and imaging detector, was 2.5lpmm-1 for a realistic distance of 5mm. Due to this relatively high imaging dose, our proposed setup for laser-driven proton radiography is currently limited to objects with low radio-sensitivity, but possibilities for further dose reduction are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Würl
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany.
| | - Chiara Gianoli
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Schreiber
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany,Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
| | - Katia Parodi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
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23
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Brack FE, Kroll F, Gaus L, Bernert C, Beyreuther E, Cowan TE, Karsch L, Kraft S, Kunz-Schughart LA, Lessmann E, Metzkes-Ng J, Obst-Huebl L, Pawelke J, Rehwald M, Schlenvoigt HP, Schramm U, Sobiella M, Szabó ER, Ziegler T, Zeil K. Spectral and spatial shaping of laser-driven proton beams using a pulsed high-field magnet beamline. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9118. [PMID: 32499539 PMCID: PMC7272427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Intense laser-driven proton pulses, inherently broadband and highly divergent, pose a challenge to established beamline concepts on the path to application-adapted irradiation field formation, particularly for 3D. Here we experimentally show the successful implementation of a highly efficient (50% transmission) and tuneable dual pulsed solenoid setup to generate a homogeneous (laterally and in depth) volumetric dose distribution (cylindrical volume of 5 mm diameter and depth) at a single pulse dose of 0.7 Gy via multi-energy slice selection from the broad input spectrum. The experiments were conducted at the Petawatt beam of the Dresden Laser Acceleration Source Draco and were aided by a predictive simulation model verified by proton transport studies. With the characterised beamline we investigated manipulation and matching of lateral and depth dose profiles to various desired applications and targets. Using an adapted dose profile, we performed a first proof-of-technical-concept laser-driven proton irradiation of volumetric in-vitro tumour tissue (SAS spheroids) to demonstrate concurrent operation of laser accelerator, beam shaping, dosimetry and irradiation procedure of volumetric biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian-Emanuel Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany. .,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Florian Kroll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lennart Gaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Bernert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leonhard Karsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leoni A Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Lieselotte Obst-Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Jörg Pawelke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Emília Rita Szabó
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged, H-6728, Hungary
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
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24
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Kojima S, Inoue S, Dinh TH, Hasegawa N, Mori M, Sakaki H, Yamamoto Y, Sasaki T, Shiokawa K, Kondo K, Yamanaka T, Hashida M, Sakabe S, Nishikino M, Kondo K. Compact Thomson parabola spectrometer with variability of energy range and measurability of angular distribution for low-energy laser-driven accelerated ions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:053305. [PMID: 32486709 DOI: 10.1063/5.0005450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article reports the development of a compact Thomson parabola spectrometer for laser-accelerated ions that can measure angular distribution with a high energy resolution and has a variable measurable energy range. The angular-resolved energy spectra for different ion species can be measured in a single shot, and the sampling angle can be selected from outside the vacuum region. The electric and magnetic fields are applied to the ion dispersion by using a permanent magnetic circuit and annulus sector-shaped electrodes with a wedge configuration. The compact magnetic circuit consists of permanent magnets, fixed yokes, and movable yokes. The magnetic flux is intentionally leaked to the movable yokes, allowing the magnetic field to be adjusted from 53 mT to 259 mT. The annulus sector-shaped electrodes with a wedge configuration provide better trace separation for high-energy ions, retain the lower-energy part of the ion signal, and subject ions passing through all pinholes to an equivalent Lorentz force. The magnetic and electric fields are designed for measuring protons and carbon ions with an energy range of 0.1-5 MeV. The spectrometer allows for the adjustment of the observable energy range afterward according to the parameters of the accelerated ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaoki Kojima
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Inoue
- Advanced Research Center for Beam Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Thanh Hung Dinh
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Noboru Hasegawa
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Michiaki Mori
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Hironao Sakaki
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Yoichi Yamamoto
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Teru Sasaki
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Shiokawa
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kondo
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamanaka
- Advanced Research Center for Beam Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masaki Hashida
- Advanced Research Center for Beam Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shuji Sakabe
- Advanced Research Center for Beam Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nishikino
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Kiminori Kondo
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
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25
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Advances in Spectral Distribution Assessment of Laser Accelerated Protons using Multilayer CR-39 Detectors. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We show that a spectral distribution of laser-accelerated protons can be extracted by analyzing the proton track diameters observed on the front side of a second CR-39 detector arranged in a stack. The correspondence between the proton track diameter and the incident energy on the second detector is established by knowing that protons with energies only higher than 10.5 MeV can fully deposit their energy in the second CR-39 detector. The correlation between the laser-accelerated proton track diameters observed on the front side of the second CR-39 detector and the proton incident energy on the detector stack is also presented. By calculating the proton number stopped in the CR-39 stack, we find out that its dependence on the proton energy in the 1–15 MeV range presents some discontinuities at energies higher than 9 MeV. Thus, we build a calibration curve of the track diameter as a function of the proton incident energy within the 1–9 MeV range, and we infer the associated analytical function as the calculations performed indicate best results for proton spectra within the 1–9 MeV range. The calibration curve is used as a tool to ascertain the pits identified on the surfaces of both CR-39 detectors to proton tracks. The proton tracks spatial distribution analyzed by optical and atomic force microscopy is correlated with the peculiarity of the used targets.
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26
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Bin JH, Ji Q, Seidl PA, Raftrey D, Steinke S, Persaud A, Nakamura K, Gonsalves A, Leemans WP, Schenkel T. Absolute calibration of GafChromic film for very high flux laser driven ion beams. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:053301. [PMID: 31153260 DOI: 10.1063/1.5086822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the calibration of GafChromic HD-v2 radiochromic film in the extremely high dose regime up to 100 kGy together with very high dose rates up to 7 × 1011 Gy/s. The absolute calibration was done with nanosecond ion bunches at the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment II particle accelerator at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and covers a broad dose dynamic range over three orders of magnitude. We then applied the resulting calibration curve to calibrate a laser driven ion experiment performed on the BELLA petawatt laser facility at LBNL. Here, we reconstructed the spatial and energy resolved distributions of the laser-accelerated proton beams. The resulting proton distribution is in fair agreement with the spectrum that was measured with a Thomson spectrometer in combination with a microchannel plate detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Bin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Q Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P A Seidl
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Raftrey
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Steinke
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Persaud
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Nakamura
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Gonsalves
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W P Leemans
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Schenkel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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27
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Xu XH, Liao Q, Wu MJ, Geng YX, Li DY, Zhu JG, Li CC, Hu RH, Shou YR, Chen YH, Lu HY, Ma WJ, Zhao YY, Zhu K, Lin C, Yan XQ. Detection and analysis of laser driven proton beams by calibrated Gafchromic HD-V2 and MD-V3 radiochromic films. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:033306. [PMID: 30927782 DOI: 10.1063/1.5049499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The radiochromic film (RCF) is a high-dose, high-dynamic range dosimetry detection medium. A stack of RCFs can be used to detect both spatial and energetic distribution of laser driven ion beams with a large divergence angle and continuous energy spectrum. Two types of RCFs (HD-V2 and MD-V3, from Radiation Products Design, Inc.) have been calibrated using MeV energy protons and carbon ions produced by using a 2 × 6 MV tandem electrostatic accelerator. The proportional relationship is obtained between the optical density and the irradiation dose. For protons, the responses are consistent at all energies with a variation of about 15%. For carbon ions, the responses are energy related, which should be noted for heavy ion detection. Based on the calibration, the broad energy spectrum and charge distribution of laser accelerated proton beam with energy from 3 to 8 MeV and pC charge were detected and reconstructed at the Compact LAser Plasma Accelerator at Peking University.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Q Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - M J Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Y X Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - D Y Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - J G Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - C C Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - R H Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Y R Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Y H Chen
- State Key Labaratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - H Y Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - W J Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Y Y Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - K Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - C Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - X Q Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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28
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Diagnostics and Dosimetry Solutions for Multidisciplinary Applications at the ELIMAIA Beamline. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8091415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
ELI (Extreme Light Infrastructure) multidisciplinary applications of laser-ion acceleration (ELIMAIA) is one the user facilities beamlines of the ELI-Beamlines facility in Prague. It will be dedicated to the transport of laser-driven ion beams and equipped with detectors for diagnostics and dosimetry, in order to carry out experiments for a broad range of multidisciplinary applications. One of the aims of the beamline is also to demonstrate the feasibility of these peculiar beams for possible medical applications, which means delivering controllable and stable beams, properly monitoring their transport parameters and accurately measuring the dose per shot. To fulfil this task, innovative systems of charged particle beam diagnostics have been realized and alternative approaches for relative and absolute dosimetry have been proposed. Concerning the first one, real-time diagnostic solutions have been adopted, involving the use of time-of-flight techniques and Thomson parabola spectrometry for an on-line characterization of the ion beam parameters, as well as radiochromic films, nuclear track detectors (typically CR39), and image plates for single shot measurements. For beam dosimetry, real-time beam/dose monitoring detectors have been realized, like the secondary emission monitor and a double-gap ionization chamber, which can be cross calibrated against a Faraday cup, used for absolute dosimetry. The main features of these detectors are reported in this work together with a description of their working principle and some preliminary tests.
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29
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Feng Y, Tiedje HF, Gagnon K, Fedosejevs R. Spectral calibration of EBT3 and HD-V2 radiochromic film response at high dose using 20 MeV proton beams. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:043511. [PMID: 29716332 DOI: 10.1063/1.4996022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiochromic film is used extensively in many medical, industrial, and scientific applications. In particular, the film is used in analysis of proton generation and in high intensity laser-plasma experiments where very high dose levels can be obtained. The present study reports calibration of the dose response of Gafchromic EBT3 and HD-V2 radiochromic films up to high exposure densities. A 2D scanning confocal densitometer system is employed to carry out accurate optical density measurements up to optical density 5 on the exposed films at the peak spectral absorption wavelengths. Various wavelengths from 400 to 740 nm are also scanned to extend the practical dose range of such films by measuring the response at wavelengths removed from the peak response wavelengths. Calibration curves for the optical density versus exposure dose are determined and can be used for quantitative evaluation of measured doses based on the measured optical densities. It was found that blue and UV wavelengths allowed the largest dynamic range though at some trade-off with overall accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Feng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2V4, Alberta, Canada
| | - Henry F Tiedje
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2V4, Alberta, Canada
| | - Katherine Gagnon
- Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2V4, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert Fedosejevs
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2V4, Alberta, Canada
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30
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Seimetz M, Bellido P, García P, Mur P, Iborra A, Soriano A, Hülber T, García López J, Jiménez-Ramos MC, Lera R, Ruiz-de la Cruz A, Sánchez I, Zaffino R, Roso L, Benlloch JM. Spectral characterization of laser-accelerated protons with CR-39 nuclear track detector. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:023302. [PMID: 29495831 DOI: 10.1063/1.5009587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CR-39 nuclear track material is frequently used for the detection of protons accelerated in laser-plasma interactions. The measurement of track densities allows for determination of particle angular distributions, and information on the kinetic energy can be obtained by the use of passive absorbers. We present a precise method of measuring spectral distributions of laser-accelerated protons in a single etching and analysis process. We make use of a one-to-one relation between proton energy and track size and present a precise calibration based on monoenergetic particle beams. While this relation is limited to proton energies below 1 MeV, we show that the range of spectral measurements can be significantly extended by simultaneous use of absorbers of suitable thicknesses. Examples from laser-plasma interactions are presented, and quantitative results on proton energies and particle numbers are compared to those obtained from a time-of-flight detector. The spectrum end points of continuous energy distributions have been determined with both detector types and coincide within 50-100 keV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seimetz
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Ed. 8B-N-1a, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - P Bellido
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Ed. 8B-N-1a, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - P García
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Ed. 8B-N-1a, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - P Mur
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Ed. 8B-N-1a, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Iborra
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Ed. 8B-N-1a, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Soriano
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Ed. 8B-N-1a, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - T Hülber
- Radosys Kft., Vegyész u. 17-27, 1116 Budapest, Hungary
| | - J García López
- Departamento Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - M C Jiménez-Ramos
- Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA), U. Sevilla-J. Andalucía-CSIC, Avda. Thomas Alva Edison 7, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - R Lera
- Proton Laser Applications S.L. (PLA), Avda. Vilafranca del Penedès 11, 08734 Olèrdola, Spain
| | - A Ruiz-de la Cruz
- Proton Laser Applications S.L. (PLA), Avda. Vilafranca del Penedès 11, 08734 Olèrdola, Spain
| | - I Sánchez
- Proton Laser Applications S.L. (PLA), Avda. Vilafranca del Penedès 11, 08734 Olèrdola, Spain
| | - R Zaffino
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), C/ dels Til.lers Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
| | - L Roso
- Centro de Láseres Pulsados (CLPU), Calle del Adaja, 37185 Villamayor, Spain
| | - J M Benlloch
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, Ed. 8B-N-1a, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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31
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Development of Focusing Plasma Mirrors for Ultraintense Laser-Driven Particle and Radiation Sources. QUANTUM BEAM SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/qubs2010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Ahmed H, Kar S, Cantono G, Hadjisolomou P, Poye A, Gwynne D, Lewis CLS, Macchi A, Naughton K, Nersisyan G, Tikhonchuk V, Willi O, Borghesi M. Efficient post-acceleration of protons in helical coil targets driven by sub-ps laser pulses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10891. [PMID: 28883424 PMCID: PMC5589744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of laser driven proton beams can be efficiently controlled and optimised by employing a recently developed helical coil technique, which exploits the transient self-charging of solid targets irradiated by intense laser pulses. Here we demonstrate a well collimated (<1° divergence) and narrow bandwidth (~10% energy spread) proton beamlet of ~107 particles at 10 ± 0.5 MeV obtained by irradiating helical coil targets with a few joules, sub-ps laser pulses at an intensity of ~2 × 1019 W cm−2. The experimental data are in good agreement with particle tracing simulations suggesting post-acceleration of protons inside the coil at a rate ~0.7 MeV/mm, which is comparable to the results obtained from a similar coil target irradiated by a fs class laser at an order of magnitude higher intensity, as reported in S. Kar et al., Nat. Commun, 7, 10792 (2016). The dynamics of hot electron escape from the laser irradiated target was studied numerically for these two irradiation regimes, which shows that the target self-charging can be optimised at a pulse duration of few hundreds of fs. This information is highly beneficial for maximising the post-acceleration gradient in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ahmed
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University of Belfast, BT7 1NN, Belfast, UK
| | - S Kar
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University of Belfast, BT7 1NN, Belfast, UK. .,Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 OQX, UK.
| | - G Cantono
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University of Belfast, BT7 1NN, Belfast, UK.,Department of Physics E. Fermi, University of Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - P Hadjisolomou
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University of Belfast, BT7 1NN, Belfast, UK
| | - A Poye
- University of Lyon, Ens de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - D Gwynne
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University of Belfast, BT7 1NN, Belfast, UK
| | - C L S Lewis
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University of Belfast, BT7 1NN, Belfast, UK
| | - A Macchi
- Department of Physics E. Fermi, University of Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127, Pisa, Italy.,National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (CNR/INO), A.Gozzini unit, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - K Naughton
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University of Belfast, BT7 1NN, Belfast, UK
| | - G Nersisyan
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University of Belfast, BT7 1NN, Belfast, UK
| | - V Tikhonchuk
- Centre Laser Intenses et Applications, University of Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, 33405, Talence cedex, France
| | - O Willi
- Institut für Laser-und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, D-40225, Germany
| | - M Borghesi
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University of Belfast, BT7 1NN, Belfast, UK
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33
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Günther MM, Schütrumpf J, Britz A, Vogt K, Sonnabend K, Roth M. Development of High-Power Laser Based Nuclear Applications. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst12-a13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Günther
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J. Schütrumpf
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A. Britz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K. Vogt
- GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K. Sonnabend
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M. Roth
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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34
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Tata S, Mondal A, Sarkar S, Lad AD, Krishnamurthy M. A gated Thomson parabola spectrometer for improved ion and neutral atom measurements in intense laser produced plasmas. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:083305. [PMID: 28863677 DOI: 10.1063/1.4998685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ions of high energy and high charge are accelerated from compact intense laser produced plasmas and are routinely analysed either by time of flight or Thomson parabola spectrometry. At the highest intensities where ion energies can be substantially large, both these techniques have limitations. Strong electromagnetic pulse noise jeopardises the arrival time measurement, and a bright central spot in the Thomson parabola spectrometer affects the signal to noise ratio of ion traces that approach close to the central spot. We present a gated Thomson parabola spectrometer that addresses these issues and provides an elegant method to improvise ion spectrometry. In addition, we demonstrate that this method provides the ability to detect and measure high energy neutral atoms that are invariably present in most intense laser plasma acceleration experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheroy Tata
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400 005, India
| | - Angana Mondal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400 005, India
| | - Soubhik Sarkar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400 005, India
| | - Amit D Lad
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400 005, India
| | - M Krishnamurthy
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400 005, India
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35
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Dover NP, Nishiuchi M, Sakaki H, Alkhimova MA, Faenov AY, Fukuda Y, Kiriyama H, Kon A, Kondo K, Nishitani K, Ogura K, Pikuz TA, Pirozhkov AS, Sagisaka A, Kando M, Kondo K. Scintillator-based transverse proton beam profiler for laser-plasma ion sources. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:073304. [PMID: 28764503 DOI: 10.1063/1.4994732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A high repetition rate scintillator-based transverse beam profile diagnostic for laser-plasma accelerated proton beams has been designed and commissioned. The proton beam profiler uses differential filtering to provide coarse energy resolution and a flexible design to allow optimisation for expected beam energy range and trade-off between spatial and energy resolution depending on the application. A plastic scintillator detector, imaged with a standard 12-bit scientific camera, allows data to be taken at a high repetition rate. An algorithm encompassing the scintillator non-linearity is described to estimate the proton spectrum at different spatial locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Dover
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - M Nishiuchi
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - H Sakaki
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - M A Alkhimova
- National Research Nuclear University (MEPhI), Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - A Ya Faenov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - Y Fukuda
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - H Kiriyama
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - A Kon
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - K Kondo
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - K Nishitani
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - K Ogura
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - T A Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - A S Pirozhkov
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - A Sagisaka
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - M Kando
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - K Kondo
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
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36
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Jeong TW, Singh PK, Scullion C, Ahmed H, Hadjisolomou P, Jeon C, Yun H, Kakolee KF, Borghesi M, Ter-Avetisyan S. CR-39 track detector for multi-MeV ion spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2152. [PMID: 28526837 PMCID: PMC5438376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02331-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the characteristics of track formation on the front and rear surfaces of CR-39 produced by laser-driven protons and carbon ions. A methodological approach, based on bulk etch length, is proposed to uniquely characterize the particle tracks in CR-39, enabling comparative description of the track characteristics in different experiments. The response of CR-39 to ions is studied based on the energy dependent growth rate of the track diameter to understand the intrinsic particle stopping process within the material. A large non-uniformity in the track diameter is observed for CR-39 with thickness matching with the stopping range of particles. Simulation and experimental results show the imprint of longitudinal range straggling for energetic protons. Moreover, by exploiting the energy dependence of the track diameter, the energy resolution (δE/E) of CR-39 for few MeV protons and Carbon ion is found to be about 3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Jeong
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - P K Singh
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - C Scullion
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - H Ahmed
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - P Hadjisolomou
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - C Jeon
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - H Yun
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - K F Kakolee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - M Borghesi
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - S Ter-Avetisyan
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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37
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Chen NFY, Kasim MF, Ceurvorst L, Ratan N, Sadler J, Levy MC, Trines R, Bingham R, Norreys P. Machine learning applied to proton radiography of high-energy-density plasmas. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:043305. [PMID: 28505758 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.043305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Proton radiography is a technique extensively used to resolve magnetic field structures in high-energy-density plasmas, revealing a whole variety of interesting phenomena such as magnetic reconnection and collisionless shocks found in astrophysical systems. Existing methods of analyzing proton radiographs give mostly qualitative results or specific quantitative parameters, such as magnetic field strength, and recent work showed that the line-integrated transverse magnetic field can be reconstructed in specific regimes where many simplifying assumptions were needed. Using artificial neural networks, we demonstrate for the first time 3D reconstruction of magnetic fields in the nonlinear regime, an improvement over existing methods, which reconstruct only in 2D and in the linear regime. A proof of concept is presented here, with mean reconstruction errors of less than 5% even after introducing noise. We demonstrate that over the long term, this approach is more computationally efficient compared to other techniques. We also highlight the need for proton tomography because (i) certain field structures cannot be reconstructed from a single radiograph and (ii) errors can be further reduced when reconstruction is performed on radiographs generated by proton beams fired in different directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas F Y Chen
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | | | - Luke Ceurvorst
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Naren Ratan
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - James Sadler
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew C Levy
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Raoul Trines
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Bingham
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Norreys
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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38
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Lübcke A, Andreev AA, Höhm S, Grunwald R, Ehrentraut L, Schnürer M. Prospects of target nanostructuring for laser proton acceleration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44030. [PMID: 28290479 PMCID: PMC5349587 DOI: 10.1038/srep44030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In laser-based proton acceleration, nanostructured targets hold the promise to allow for significantly boosted proton energies due to strong increase of laser absorption. We used laser-induced periodic surface structures generated in-situ as a very fast and economic way to produce nanostructured targets capable of high-repetition rate applications. Both in experiment and theory, we investigate the impact of nanostructuring on the proton spectrum for different laser-plasma conditions. Our experimental data show that the nanostructures lead to a significant enhancement of absorption over the entire range of laser plasma conditions investigated. At conditions that do not allow for efficient laser absorption by plane targets, i.e. too steep plasma gradients, nanostructuring is found to significantly enhance the proton cutoff energy and conversion efficiency. In contrast, if the plasma gradient is optimized for laser absorption of the plane target, the nanostructure-induced absorption increase is not reflected in higher cutoff energies. Both, simulation and experiment point towards the energy transfer from the laser to the hot electrons as bottleneck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lübcke
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander A. Andreev
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Höhm
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruediger Grunwald
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Ehrentraut
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Schnürer
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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39
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Rasmus AM, Hazi AU, Manuel MJE, Kuranz CC, Klein SR, Belancourt PX, Fein JR, MacDonald MJ, Drake RP, Pollock BB, Park J, Williams GJ, Chen H. Detailed characterization of the LLNL imaging proton spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:11D831. [PMID: 27910335 DOI: 10.1063/1.4962045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-intense short pulse lasers incident on solid targets (e.g., thin Au foils) produce well collimated, broad-spectrum proton beams. These proton beams can be used to characterize magnetic fields, electric fields, and density gradients in high energy-density systems. The LLNL-Imaging Proton Spectrometer (L-IPS) was designed and built [H. Chen et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 10D314 (2010)] for use with such laser produced proton beams. The L-IPS has an energy range of 50 keV-40 MeV with a resolving power (E/dE) of about 275 at 1 MeV and 21 at 20 MeV, as well as a single spatial imaging axis. In order to better characterize the dispersion and imaging capability of this diagnostic, a 3D finite element analysis solver is used to calculate the magnetic field of the L-IPS. Particle trajectories are then obtained via numerical integration to determine the dispersion relation of the L-IPS in both energy and angular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Rasmus
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - A U Hazi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - M J-E Manuel
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - C C Kuranz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - S R Klein
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | - J R Fein
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - M J MacDonald
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - R P Drake
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - B B Pollock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - G J Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - H Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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40
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Yang S, Yuan X, Fang Y, Ge X, Deng Y, Wei W, Gao J, Fu F, Jiang T, Liao G, Liu F, Chen M, Li Y, Zhao L, Ma Y, Sheng Z, Zhang J. A two-dimensional angular-resolved proton spectrometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:103301. [PMID: 27802724 DOI: 10.1063/1.4963706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel design of two-dimensional (2D) angular-resolved spectrometer for full beam characterization of ultrashort intense laser driven proton sources. A rotated 2D pinhole array was employed, as selective entrance before a pair of parallel permanent magnets, to sample the full proton beam into discrete beamlets. The proton beamlets are subsequently dispersed without overlapping onto a planar detector. Representative experimental result of protons generated from femtosecond intense laser interaction with thin foil target is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaohui Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xulei Ge
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanqing Deng
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenqing Wei
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feichao Fu
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guoqian Liao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhengming Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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41
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Metzkes J, Zeil K, Kraft SD, Karsch L, Sobiella M, Rehwald M, Obst L, Schlenvoigt HP, Schramm U. An online, energy-resolving beam profile detector for laser-driven proton beams. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:083310. [PMID: 27587116 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a scintillator-based online beam profile detector for the characterization of laser-driven proton beams is presented. Using a pixelated matrix with varying absorber thicknesses, the proton beam is spatially resolved in two dimensions and simultaneously energy-resolved. A thin plastic scintillator placed behind the absorber and read out by a CCD camera is used as the active detector material. The spatial detector resolution reaches down to ∼4 mm and the detector can resolve proton beam profiles for up to 9 proton threshold energies. With these detector design parameters, the spatial characteristics of the proton distribution and its cut-off energy can be analyzed online and on-shot under vacuum conditions. The paper discusses the detector design, its characterization and calibration at a conventional proton source, as well as the first detector application at a laser-driven proton source.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Metzkes
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - K Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S D Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - L Karsch
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Sobiella
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - L Obst
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - H-P Schlenvoigt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - U Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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42
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Alejo A, Kar S, Tebartz A, Ahmed H, Astbury S, Carroll DC, Ding J, Doria D, Higginson A, McKenna P, Neumann N, Scott GG, Wagner F, Roth M, Borghesi M. High resolution Thomson Parabola Spectrometer for full spectral capture of multi-species ion beams. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:083304. [PMID: 27587110 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental characterisation of laser-driven ion beams using a Thomson Parabola Spectrometer (TPS) equipped with trapezoidally shaped electric plates, proposed by Gwynne et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 033304 (2014)]. While a pair of extended (30 cm long) electric plates was able to produce a significant increase in the separation between neighbouring ion species at high energies, deploying a trapezoidal design circumvented the spectral clipping at the low energy end of the ion spectra. The shape of the electric plate was chosen carefully considering, for the given spectrometer configuration, the range of detectable ion energies and species. Analytical tracing of the ion parabolas matches closely with the experimental data, which suggests a minimal effect of fringe fields on the escaping ions close to the wedged edge of the electrode. The analytical formulae were derived considering the relativistic correction required for the high energy ions to be characterised using such spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alejo
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - S Kar
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A Tebartz
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Ahmed
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - S Astbury
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - D C Carroll
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J Ding
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Doria
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - A Higginson
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - P McKenna
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - N Neumann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstrasse 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G G Scott
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F Wagner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Borghesi
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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43
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Wagner F, Deppert O, Brabetz C, Fiala P, Kleinschmidt A, Poth P, Schanz VA, Tebartz A, Zielbauer B, Roth M, Stöhlker T, Bagnoud V. Maximum Proton Energy above 85 MeV from the Relativistic Interaction of Laser Pulses with Micrometer Thick CH_{2} Targets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:205002. [PMID: 27258872 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.205002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of laser-driven ion acceleration with micrometer and submicrometer thick plastic targets. Using laser pulses with high temporal contrast and an intensity of the order of 10^{20} W/cm^{2} we observe proton beams with cutoff energies in excess of 85 MeV and particle numbers of 10^{9} in an energy bin of 1 MeV around this maximum. We show that applying the target normal sheath acceleration mechanism with submicrometer thick targets is a very robust way to achieve such high ion energies and particle fluxes. Our results are backed with 2D particle in cell simulations furthermore predicting cutoff energies above 200 MeV for acceleration based on relativistic transparency. This predicted regime can be probed after a few technically feasible adjustments of the laser and target parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wagner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - O Deppert
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Brabetz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Fiala
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Kleinschmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Poth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - V A Schanz
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Tebartz
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Zielbauer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Stöhlker
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - V Bagnoud
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
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44
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Busold S, Schumacher D, Brabetz C, Jahn D, Kroll F, Deppert O, Schramm U, Cowan TE, Blažević A, Bagnoud V, Roth M. Towards highest peak intensities for ultra-short MeV-range ion bunches. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26212024 PMCID: PMC4515640 DOI: 10.1038/srep12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A laser-driven, multi-MeV-range ion beamline has been installed at the GSI Helmholtz center for heavy ion research. The high-power laser PHELIX drives the very short (picosecond) ion acceleration on μm scale, with energies ranging up to 28.4 MeV for protons in a continuous spectrum. The necessary beam shaping behind the source is accomplished by applying magnetic ion lenses like solenoids and quadrupoles and a radiofrequency cavity. Based on the unique beam properties from the laser-driven source, high-current single bunches could be produced and characterized in a recent experiment: At a central energy of 7.8 MeV, up to 5 × 10(8) protons could be re-focused in time to a FWHM bunch length of τ = (462 ± 40) ps via phase focusing. The bunches show a moderate energy spread between 10% and 15% (ΔE/E0 at FWHM) and are available at 6 m distance to the source und thus separated from the harsh laser-matter interaction environment. These successful experiments represent the basis for developing novel laser-driven ion beamlines and accessing highest peak intensities for ultra-short MeV-range ion bunches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Busold
- 1] GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany [2] Helmholtz Institut Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07734 Jena, Germany
| | - Dennis Schumacher
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Brabetz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Diana Jahn
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik, Schloßgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Kroll
- 1] Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany [2] Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Deppert
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik, Schloßgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schramm
- 1] Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany [2] Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- 1] Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany [2] Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Abel Blažević
- 1] GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany [2] Helmholtz Institut Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07734 Jena, Germany
| | - Vincent Bagnoud
- 1] GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany [2] Helmholtz Institut Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07734 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Roth
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik, Schloßgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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45
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Albertazzi B, d'Humières E, Lancia L, Dervieux V, Antici P, Böcker J, Bonlie J, Breil J, Cauble B, Chen SN, Feugeas JL, Nakatsutsumi M, Nicolaï P, Romagnani L, Shepherd R, Sentoku Y, Swantusch M, Tikhonchuk VT, Borghesi M, Willi O, Pépin H, Fuchs J. A compact broadband ion beam focusing device based on laser-driven megagauss thermoelectric magnetic fields. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:043502. [PMID: 25933857 DOI: 10.1063/1.4917273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-intense lasers can nowadays routinely accelerate kiloampere ion beams. These unique sources of particle beams could impact many societal (e.g., proton-therapy or fuel recycling) and fundamental (e.g., neutron probing) domains. However, this requires overcoming the beam angular divergence at the source. This has been attempted, either with large-scale conventional setups or with compact plasma techniques that however have the restriction of short (<1 mm) focusing distances or a chromatic behavior. Here, we show that exploiting laser-triggered, long-lasting (>50 ps), thermoelectric multi-megagauss surface magnetic (B)-fields, compact capturing, and focusing of a diverging laser-driven multi-MeV ion beam can be achieved over a wide range of ion energies in the limit of a 5° acceptance angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Albertazzi
- LULI, École Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - E d'Humières
- CELIA, Universite de Bordeaux, Talence 33405, France
| | - L Lancia
- Dipartimento SBAI, Universita di Roma "La Sapienza," Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - V Dervieux
- LULI, École Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - P Antici
- Dipartimento SBAI, Universita di Roma "La Sapienza," Via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - J Böcker
- Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | - J Bonlie
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Breil
- CELIA, Universite de Bordeaux, Talence 33405, France
| | - B Cauble
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S N Chen
- LULI, École Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - J L Feugeas
- CELIA, Universite de Bordeaux, Talence 33405, France
| | - M Nakatsutsumi
- LULI, École Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - P Nicolaï
- CELIA, Universite de Bordeaux, Talence 33405, France
| | - L Romagnani
- LULI, École Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - R Shepherd
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - Y Sentoku
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - M Swantusch
- Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | | | - M Borghesi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The Queen's University, Belfast BT7 INN, United Kingdom
| | - O Willi
- Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf D-40225, Germany
| | - H Pépin
- INRS-EMT, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - J Fuchs
- LULI, École Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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46
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Braenzel J, Andreev AA, Platonov K, Klingsporn M, Ehrentraut L, Sandner W, Schnürer M. Coulomb-driven energy boost of heavy ions for laser-plasma acceleration. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:124801. [PMID: 25860747 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.124801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented increase of kinetic energy of laser accelerated heavy ions is demonstrated. Ultrathin gold foils have been irradiated by an ultrashort laser pulse at a peak intensity of 8×10^{19} W/ cm^{2}. Highly charged gold ions with kinetic energies up to >200 MeV and a bandwidth limited energy distribution have been reached by using 1.3 J laser energy on target. 1D and 2D particle in cell simulations show how a spatial dependence on the ion's ionization leads to an enhancement of the accelerating electrical field. Our theoretical model considers a spatial distribution of the ionization inside the thin target, leading to a field enhancement for the heavy ions by Coulomb explosion. It is capable of explaining the energy boost of highly charged ions, enabling a higher efficiency for the laser-driven heavy ion acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Braenzel
- Max Born Institute, Max Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Technical University Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - A A Andreev
- Max Born Institute, Max Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Vavilov State Optical Institute, Birzhevaya line 12, 199064 St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg University, University emb.7, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - K Platonov
- Vavilov State Optical Institute, Birzhevaya line 12, 199064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M Klingsporn
- IHP, Im Technologiepark 25, 15236 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - L Ehrentraut
- Max Born Institute, Max Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - W Sandner
- Max Born Institute, Max Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Technical University Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- ELI-DC International Association AISBL, Platanenallee 6, Zeuthen 15738, Germany
| | - M Schnürer
- Max Born Institute, Max Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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47
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Senje L, Yeung M, Aurand B, Kuschel S, Rödel C, Wagner F, Li K, Dromey B, Bagnoud V, Neumayer P, Roth M, Wahlström CG, Zepf M, Kuehl T, Jung D. Diagnostics for studies of novel laser ion acceleration mechanisms. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:113302. [PMID: 25430105 DOI: 10.1063/1.4900626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic for investigating and distinguishing different laser ion acceleration mechanisms has been developed and successfully tested. An ion separation wide angle spectrometer can simultaneously investigate three important aspects of the laser plasma interaction: (1) acquire angularly resolved energy spectra for two ion species, (2) obtain ion energy spectra for multiple species, separated according to their charge to mass ratio, along selected axes, and (3) collect laser radiation reflected from and transmitted through the target and propagating in the same direction as the ion beam. Thus, the presented diagnostic constitutes a highly adaptable tool for accurately studying novel acceleration mechanisms in terms of their angular energy distribution, conversion efficiency, and plasma density evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovisa Senje
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P. O. Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mark Yeung
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Bastian Aurand
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P. O. Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Florian Wagner
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kun Li
- ExtreMe Matter Institut, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Brendan Dromey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Markus Roth
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Kuehl
- ExtreMe Matter Institut, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel Jung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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48
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Bolton P, Borghesi M, Brenner C, Carroll D, De Martinis C, Fiorini F, Flacco A, Floquet V, Fuchs J, Gallegos P, Giove D, Green J, Green S, Jones B, Kirby D, McKenna P, Neely D, Nuesslin F, Prasad R, Reinhardt S, Roth M, Schramm U, Scott G, Ter-Avetisyan S, Tolley M, Turchetti G, Wilkens J. Instrumentation for diagnostics and control of laser-accelerated proton (ion) beams. Phys Med 2014; 30:255-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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49
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Schollmeier M, Geissel M, Sefkow AB, Flippo KA. Improved spectral data unfolding for radiochromic film imaging spectroscopy of laser-accelerated proton beams. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:043305. [PMID: 24784600 DOI: 10.1063/1.4870895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An improved method to unfold the space-resolved proton energy distribution function of laser-accelerated proton beams using a layered, radiochromic film (RCF) detector stack has been developed. The method takes into account the reduced RCF response near the Bragg peak due to a high linear energy transfer (LET). This LET dependence of the active RCF layer has been measured, and published data have been re-interpreted to find a nonlinear saturation scaling of the RCF response with stopping power. Accounting for the LET effect increased the integrated particle yield by 25% after data unfolding. An iterative, analytical, space-resolved deconvolution of the RCF response functions from the measured dose was developed that does not rely on fitting. After the particle number unfold, three-dimensional interpolation is performed to determine the spatial proton beam distribution for proton energies in-between the RCF data points. Here, image morphing has been implemented as a novel interpolation method that takes into account the energy-dependent, changing beam topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schollmeier
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - M Geissel
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - A B Sefkow
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - K A Flippo
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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50
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Gwynne D, Kar S, Doria D, Ahmed H, Cerchez M, Fernandez J, Gray RJ, Green JS, Hanton F, MacLellan DA, McKenna P, Najmudin Z, Neely D, Ruiz JA, Schiavi A, Streeter M, Swantusch M, Willi O, Zepf M, Borghesi M. Modified Thomson spectrometer design for high energy, multi-species ion sources. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:033304. [PMID: 24689572 DOI: 10.1063/1.4866021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A modification to the standard Thomson parabola spectrometer is discussed, which is designed to measure high energy (tens of MeV/nucleon), broad bandwidth spectra of multi-species ions accelerated by intense laser plasma interactions. It is proposed to implement a pair of extended, trapezoidal shaped electric plates, which will not only resolve ion traces at high energies, but will also retain the lower energy part of the spectrum. While a longer (along the axis of the undeflected ion beam direction) electric plate design provides effective charge state separation at the high energy end of the spectrum, the proposed new trapezoidal shape will enable the low energy ions to reach the detector, which would have been clipped or blocked by simply extending the rectangular plates to enhance the electrostatic deflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gwynne
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - S Kar
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - D Doria
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - H Ahmed
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Cerchez
- Institut für Laser-und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J Fernandez
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear UPM, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, E28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - R J Gray
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - J S Green
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F Hanton
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - D A MacLellan
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - P McKenna
- Department of Physics, SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Z Najmudin
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - D Neely
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J A Ruiz
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear UPM, Jose Gutierrez Abascal 2, E28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Schiavi
- Dipartimento SBAI, Università di Roma "La Sapienza," 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - M Streeter
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M Swantusch
- Institut für Laser-und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - O Willi
- Institut für Laser-und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Zepf
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - M Borghesi
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
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