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Bott KN, Sacco SM, Turnbull PC, Longo AB, Ward WE, Peters SJ. Skeletal site-specific effects of endurance running on structure and strength of tibia, lumbar vertebrae, and mandible in male Sprague–Dawley rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:597-604. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone microarchitecture, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone strength are affected positively by impact activities such as running; however, there are discrepancies in the magnitude of these effects. These inconsistencies are mainly a result of varying training protocols, analysis techniques, and whether or not the skeletal sites measured are weight bearing. This study’s purpose was to determine the effects of endurance running on sites that experience different weight bearing and load. Eight-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 20) were randomly assigned to either a group with a progressive treadmill running protocol (25 m/min for 1 h, incline of 10%) or a nontrained control group for 8 weeks. The trabecular structure of the tibia, lumbar vertebra (L3), and mandible and the cortical structure at the tibia midpoint were measured using microcomputed tomography to quantify bone volume fraction (i.e., bone volume divided by total volume (BV/TV)), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), and cortical thickness. BMD at the proximal tibia, lumbar vertebrae (L1–L3), and mandible was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The tibia midpoint strength was measured by 3-point bending using a materials testing system. Endurance running resulted in superior bone structure at the proximal tibia (12% greater BV/TV (p = 0.03), 14% greater Tb.N (p = 0.01), and 19% lower Tb.Sp (p = 0.05)) but not at other sites. Contrary to our hypothesis, mandible bone structure was altered after endurance training (8% lower BV/TV (p < 0.01) and 15% lower Tb.Th (p < 0.01)), which may be explained by a lower food intake, resulting in less mechanical loading from chewing. These results highlight the site-specific effects of loading on the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten N. Bott
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Sandra M. Sacco
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Patrick C. Turnbull
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Amanda B. Longo
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Wendy E. Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Sandra J. Peters
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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Mosavat M, Ooi FK, Mohamed M. Effects of honey supplementation combined with different jumping exercise intensities on bone mass, serum bone metabolism markers and gonadotropins in female rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:126. [PMID: 24708608 PMCID: PMC4234200 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The effects of high and low jumping exercise intensities combined with honey on bone and gonadotrophins were investigated in eighty four 9 week-old female rats. Methods The experimental groups were 20 or 80 jumps per day combined with or without honey supplementation (HJ20, HJ80, J20 and J80), honey supplementation (H), sedentary without supplementation control (C), and baseline control (C0) groups. Results Study results showed that HJ80 elicited greatest beneficial effects on tibial and femoral mass, serum total calcium and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. There were significantly (p < 0.05) lower levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone concentrations in H, J20, J80 compared to C, with exception of HJ20 and HJ80. Serum luteinizing hormone concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) greater in HJ20, HJ80 and J20 compared to J80. Conclusions It appears that high intensity jumping exercise combined with honey supplementation resulted more discernable effects on bone. Meanwhile, honey may protect against the adverse effects induced by jumping exercise on gonadotropins in female rats.
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Randall C, Mathews P, Yurtsev E, Sahar N, Kohn D, Hansma P. The bone diagnostic instrument III: testing mouse femora. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:065108. [PMID: 19566227 PMCID: PMC2719481 DOI: 10.1063/1.3147383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe modifications that allow the bone diagnostic instrument (BDI) [P. Hansma et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 064303 (2008); Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 075105 (2006)], developed to test human bone, to test the femora of mice. These modifications include reducing the effective weight of the instrument on the bone, designing and fabricating new probe assemblies to minimize damage to the small bone, developing new testing protocols that involve smaller testing forces, and fabricating a jig for securing the smaller bones for testing. With these modifications, the BDI was used to test the hypothesis that short-term running has greater benefit on the mechanical properties of the femur for young growing mice compared to older, skeletally mature mice. We measured elastic modulus, hardness, and indentation distance increase (IDI), which had previously been shown to be the best discriminators in model systems known to exhibit differences in mechanical properties at the whole bone level. In the young exercised murine femora, the IDI was significantly lower than in young control femora. Since IDI has a relation to postyield properties, these results suggest that exercise during bone development increases post yield mechanical competence. We were also able to measure effects of aging on bone properties with the BDI. There was a significant increase in the IDI, and a significant decrease in the elastic modulus and hardness between the young and old groups. Thus, with the modifications described here, the BDI can take measurements on mouse bones and obtain statistically significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Randall
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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Kaastad TS, Nordsletten L, Narum S, Madsen JE, Haug E, Reikerås O. Training increases the in vivo fracture strength in osteoporotic bone. Protection by muscle contraction examined in rat tibiae. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA SCANDINAVICA 1996; 67:371-6. [PMID: 8792742 DOI: 10.3109/17453679609002334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of high-intensity training on the in vivo lower leg fracture strength during muscle contraction was investigated in osteoporotic rats. 20 Wistar rats were ovariectomized and given a low calcium (0.01%) diet. 7 weeks after ovariectomy they were randomized into training (T) and sedentary (S). The S group was kept cage-confined without any intervention. The T group ran on a treadmill with 10 degrees inclination 5/7 days for 8 weeks. A maximum intensity of 27 m/min was reached after 4 weeks. After 8 weeks, the right lower legs of the anesthetized animals were loaded in three-point ventral bending until fracture occurred during electrically-induced muscle contraction. The left tibiae were excised and fractured at the same level as the right tibiae. Weight gain was equal in the two groups. Energy absorption and deflection at fracture were significantly higher in the T group than in the S group in vivo during muscle contraction. In vitro, there were no significant differences in mechanical results. The mediolateral outer diameter was larger in the T group, and the maximal stress that the tibia could withstand was lower than in the S group. We conclude that 8 weeks of high-intensity training of osteoporotic rats increased the structural lower leg strength during muscle contraction. The reduced maximal stress in the training animals indicates a reduction in bone material quality. The increase of in vivo structural strength must reflect an increased protective effect of muscle contraction due to training.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Kaastad
- Institute for Surgical Research, Rikshospitalet The National Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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