1
|
Duan X, Zheng X, Liu Z, Dong T, Luo Y, Yan W, Wang C, Song C. On-Chip Photoacoustics-Activated Cell Sorting (PA-ACS) for Label-Free and High-Throughput Detection and Screening of Microalgal Cells. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1301-1309. [PMID: 38193144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae play a crucial role in global carbon cycling as they convert carbon dioxide into various valuable macromolecules. Among them, Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) is the richest natural source of astaxanthin (AXT), which is a valuable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptosis agent. These benefits make AXT highly commercially valuable in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and nutritional industries. However, intrinsic genetic characteristics and extrinsic cultivation conditions influence biomass gains, leading to low productivity and extraction as the main techno-economic bottlenecks in this industry. Thus, detecting AXT in H. pluvialis is essential to determine the influence of multiple parameters on biocompound accumulation, enabling optimization of cultivation and enrichment of AXT-rich H. pluvialis cells. This work developed an opto-acousto-fluidic microplatform for detection, analysis, and sorting of microalgae. Via label-free monitoring and extraction of sample-induced ultrasonic signals, a photoacoustic microscopic system was proposed to provide a full-field visualization of AXT's content and distribution inside H. pluvialis cells. When employed as on-chip image-based flow cytometry, our microplatform can also offer high-throughput measurements of intracellular AXT in real time, which demonstrates similar results to conventional spectrophotometry methods and further reveals the heterogeneity of AXT content at the single-cell level. In addition, a solenoid valve-pump dual-mode cell sorter was integrated for effective sorting of cells with a maximum working frequency of 0.77 Hz, reducing the fluid response time by 50% in rising and 40-fold in recovery. The H. pluvialis cells which have more AXT accumulation (>30 μm in diameter) were 4.38-fold enriched with almost no dead empty and small green cells. According to the results, automated and reliable photoacoustics-activated cell sorting (PA-ACS) can screen AXT-rich cells and remove impurities at the terminal stage of cultivation, thereby increasing the effectiveness and purity of AXT extraction. The proposed system can be further adopted to enrich strains and mutants for the production of biofuels or other rare organic substances such as β-carotene and lutein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiudong Duan
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xinqi Zheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tianshu Dong
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yingdong Luo
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Yan
- College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chaolong Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Algorri JF, Roldán-Varona P, Fernández-Manteca MG, López-Higuera JM, Rodriguez-Cobo L, Cobo-García A. Photonic Microfluidic Technologies for Phytoplankton Research. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1024. [PMID: 36421145 PMCID: PMC9688872 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton is a crucial component for the correct functioning of different ecosystems, climate regulation and carbon reduction. Being at least a quarter of the biomass of the world's vegetation, they produce approximately 50% of atmospheric O2 and remove nearly a third of the anthropogenic carbon released into the atmosphere through photosynthesis. In addition, they support directly or indirectly all the animals of the ocean and freshwater ecosystems, being the base of the food web. The importance of their measurement and identification has increased in the last years, becoming an essential consideration for marine management. The gold standard process used to identify and quantify phytoplankton is manual sample collection and microscopy-based identification, which is a tedious and time-consuming task and requires highly trained professionals. Microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip technology represents a potential technical solution for environmental monitoring, for example, in situ quantifying toxic phytoplankton. Its main advantages are miniaturisation, portability, reduced reagent/sample consumption and cost reduction. In particular, photonic microfluidic chips that rely on optical sensing have emerged as powerful tools that can be used to identify and analyse phytoplankton with high specificity, sensitivity and throughput. In this review, we focus on recent advances in photonic microfluidic technologies for phytoplankton research. Different optical properties of phytoplankton, fabrication and sensing technologies will be reviewed. To conclude, current challenges and possible future directions will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Algorri
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniera, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Pablo Roldán-Varona
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniera, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | | | - José Miguel López-Higuera
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniera, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Luis Rodriguez-Cobo
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniera, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Adolfo Cobo-García
- Photonics Engineering Group, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniera, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mir MA, Tirumkudulu MS. A low-cost flow cell for flow cytometry. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 211:114334. [PMID: 35588635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is an essential analytical technique used in biomedical diagnostics to measure properties of cells, micro-organisms, and particles. Laser light is scattered from particles focused in a flow cell and collected by light sensors, where the intensity of the scattered light is a function of the scattering angle, the refractive index of the particle and surrounding medium, the wavelength of light, and the size and the shape of the particle. One of the critical parts of the cytometer is the flow cell where the particle stream is constrained into a tight region within 10-30 μm using hydrodynamic focusing. The conventional flow cells use thick quartz flow cells, which are expensive and therefore not suitable for instruments targeted for resource-constrained settings. We demonstrate a compact, economical, bio-compatible flow cell assembly design that incorporates inexpensive and easily available capillaries attached to sturdy polymer fixtures in a simple manner that performs the focusing of a sample stream of particles. The flow cell has been tested by studying the relation between sample core diameter, and sample and sheath flow rates. Small-angle scattering (forward scatter) and wide-angle scattering (side scatter) have been captured for the enumeration and characterization of particles. We show excellent agreement between the size distribution obtained via direct imaging and that obtained from light scattering. The flow cell was also used to successfully size white blood cells in human blood samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahrukh A Mir
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Mahesh S Tirumkudulu
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alias AB, Mishra S, Pendharkar G, Chen CS, Liu CH, Liu YJ, Yao DJ. Microfluidic Microalgae System: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061910. [PMID: 35335274 PMCID: PMC8954360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae that have recently captivated interest worldwide are a great source of renewable, sustainable and economical biofuels. The extensive potential application in the renewable energy, biopharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries have made them necessary resources for green energy. Microalgae can substitute liquid fossil fuels based on cost, renewability and environmental concern. Microfluidic-based systems outperform their competitors by executing many functions, such as sorting and analysing small volumes of samples (nanolitre to picolitre) with better sensitivities. In this review, we consider the developing uses of microfluidic technology on microalgal processes such as cell sorting, cultivation, harvesting and applications in biofuels and biosensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Baby Alias
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (A.B.A.); (S.M.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Shubhanvit Mishra
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (A.B.A.); (S.M.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Gaurav Pendharkar
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Shuo Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Hsien Liu
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (A.B.A.); (S.M.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Ju Liu
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu 300193, Taiwan;
| | - Da-Jeng Yao
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; (A.B.A.); (S.M.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chícharo A, Caetano DM, Cardoso S, Freitas P. Evolution in Automatized Detection of Cells: Advances in Magnetic Microcytometers for Cancer Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:413-444. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
6
|
Zheng X, Duan X, Tu X, Jiang S, Song C. The Fusion of Microfluidics and Optics for On-Chip Detection and Characterization of Microalgae. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1137. [PMID: 34683188 PMCID: PMC8540680 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that microalgae play an important role in the food, agriculture and medicine industries. Additionally, the identification and counting of the microalgae are also a critical step in evaluating water quality, and some lipid-rich microalgae species even have the potential to be an alternative to fossil fuels. However, current technologies for the detection and analysis of microalgae are costly, labor-intensive, time-consuming and throughput limited. In the past few years, microfluidic chips integrating optical components have emerged as powerful tools that can be used for the analysis of microalgae with high specificity, sensitivity and throughput. In this paper, we review recent optofluidic lab-on-chip systems and techniques used for microalgal detection and characterization. We introduce three optofluidic technologies that are based on fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy and imaging-based flow cytometry, each of which can achieve the determination of cell viability, lipid content, metabolic heterogeneity and counting. We analyze and summarize the merits and drawbacks of these micro-systems and conclude the direction of the future development of the optofluidic platforms applied in microalgal research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chaolong Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (X.Z.); (X.D.); (X.T.); (S.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
How does the Internet of Things (IoT) help in microalgae biorefinery? Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107819. [PMID: 34454007 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae biorefinery is a platform for the conversion of microalgal biomass into a variety of value-added products, such as biofuels, bio-based chemicals, biomaterials, and bioactive substances. Commercialization and industrialization of microalgae biorefinery heavily rely on the capability and efficiency of large-scale cultivation of microalgae. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel technologies that can be used to monitor, automatically control, and precisely predict microalgae production. In light of this, innovative applications of the Internet of things (IoT) technologies in microalgae biorefinery have attracted tremendous research efforts. IoT has potential applications in a microalgae biorefinery for the automatic control of microalgae cultivation, monitoring and manipulation of microalgal cultivation parameters, optimization of microalgae productivity, identification of toxic algae species, screening of target microalgae species, classification of microalgae species, and viability detection of microalgal cells. In this critical review, cutting-edge IoT technologies that could be adopted to microalgae biorefinery in the upstream and downstream processing are described comprehensively. The current advances of the integration of IoT with microalgae biorefinery are presented. What this review discussed includes automation, sensors, lab-on-chip, and machine learning, which are the main constituent elements and advanced technologies of IoT. Specifically, future research directions are discussed with special emphasis on the development of sensors, the application of microfluidic technology, robotized microalgae, high-throughput platforms, deep learning, and other innovative techniques. This review could contribute greatly to the novelty and relevance in the field of IoT-based microalgae biorefinery to develop smarter, safer, cleaner, greener, and economically efficient techniques for exhaustive energy recovery during the biorefinery process.
Collapse
|
8
|
Clarke GA, Hartse BX, Niaraki Asli AE, Taghavimehr M, Hashemi N, Abbasi Shirsavar M, Montazami R, Alimoradi N, Nasirian V, Ouedraogo LJ, Hashemi NN. Advancement of Sensor Integrated Organ-on-Chip Devices. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1367. [PMID: 33671996 PMCID: PMC7922590 DOI: 10.3390/s21041367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip devices have provided the pharmaceutical and tissue engineering worlds much hope since they arrived and began to grow in sophistication. However, limitations for their applicability were soon realized as they lacked real-time monitoring and sensing capabilities. The users of these devices relied solely on endpoint analysis for the results of their tests, which created a chasm in the understanding of life between the lab the natural world. However, this gap is being bridged with sensors that are integrated into organ-on-chip devices. This review goes in-depth on different sensing methods, giving examples for various research on mechanical, electrical resistance, and bead-based sensors, and the prospects of each. Furthermore, the review covers works conducted that use specific sensors for oxygen, and various metabolites to characterize cellular behavior and response in real-time. Together, the outline of these works gives a thorough analysis of the design methodology and sophistication of the current sensor integrated organ-on-chips.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A. Clarke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.A.C.); (B.X.H.); (A.E.N.A.); (M.T.); (M.A.S.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (V.N.); (L.J.O.)
| | - Brenna X. Hartse
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.A.C.); (B.X.H.); (A.E.N.A.); (M.T.); (M.A.S.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (V.N.); (L.J.O.)
| | - Amir Ehsan Niaraki Asli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.A.C.); (B.X.H.); (A.E.N.A.); (M.T.); (M.A.S.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (V.N.); (L.J.O.)
| | - Mehrnoosh Taghavimehr
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.A.C.); (B.X.H.); (A.E.N.A.); (M.T.); (M.A.S.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (V.N.); (L.J.O.)
| | - Niloofar Hashemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365, Iran;
| | - Mehran Abbasi Shirsavar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.A.C.); (B.X.H.); (A.E.N.A.); (M.T.); (M.A.S.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (V.N.); (L.J.O.)
| | - Reza Montazami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.A.C.); (B.X.H.); (A.E.N.A.); (M.T.); (M.A.S.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (V.N.); (L.J.O.)
| | - Nima Alimoradi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.A.C.); (B.X.H.); (A.E.N.A.); (M.T.); (M.A.S.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (V.N.); (L.J.O.)
| | - Vahid Nasirian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.A.C.); (B.X.H.); (A.E.N.A.); (M.T.); (M.A.S.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (V.N.); (L.J.O.)
| | - Lionel J. Ouedraogo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.A.C.); (B.X.H.); (A.E.N.A.); (M.T.); (M.A.S.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (V.N.); (L.J.O.)
| | - Nicole N. Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (G.A.C.); (B.X.H.); (A.E.N.A.); (M.T.); (M.A.S.); (R.M.); (N.A.); (V.N.); (L.J.O.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ozdalgic B, Ustun M, Dabbagh SR, Haznedaroglu BZ, Kiraz A, Tasoglu S. Microfluidics for microalgal biotechnology. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:1545-1563. [PMID: 33410126 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have expanded their roles as renewable and sustainable feedstocks for biofuel, smart nutrition, biopharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, biosensing, and space technologies. They accumulate valuable biochemical compounds from protein, carbohydrate, and lipid groups, including pigments and carotenoids. Microalgal biomass, which can be adopted for multivalorization under biorefinery settings, allows not only the production of various biofuels but also other value-added biotechnological products. However, state-of-the-art technologies are required to optimize yield, quality, and the economical aspects of both upstream and downstream processes. As such, the need to use microfluidic-based devices for both fundamental research and industrial applications of microalgae, arises due to their microscale sizes and dilute cultures. Microfluidics-based devices are superior to their competitors through their ability to perform multiple functions such as sorting and analyzing small amounts of samples (nanoliter to picoliter) with higher sensitivities. Here, we review emerging applications of microfluidic technologies on microalgal processes in cell sorting, cultivation, harvesting, and applications in biofuels, biosensing, drug delivery, and nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berin Ozdalgic
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Advanced Vocational School, Dogus University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Ustun
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sajjad Rahmani Dabbagh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koc University Arcelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berat Z Haznedaroglu
- Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey.,Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Kiraz
- Department of Physics, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koc University Arcelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Cengelkoy, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fukuba T, Fujii T. Lab-on-a-chip technology for in situ combined observations in oceanography. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:55-74. [PMID: 33300537 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00871k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The oceans sustain the global environment and diverse ecosystems through a variety of biogeochemical processes and their complex interactions. In order to understand the dynamism of the local or global marine environments, multimodal combined observations must be carried out in situ. On the other hand, instrumentation of in situ measurement techniques enabling biological and/or biochemical combined observations is challenging in aquatic environments, including the ocean, because biochemical flow analyses require a more complex configuration than physicochemical electrode sensors. Despite this technical hurdle, in situ analyzers have been developed to measure the concentrations of seawater contents such as nutrients, trace metals, and biological components. These technologies have been used for cutting-edge ocean observations to elucidate the biogeochemical properties of water mass with a high spatiotemporal resolution. In this context, the contribution of lab-on-a-chip (LoC) technology toward the miniaturization and functional integration of in situ analyzers has been gaining momentum. Due to their mountability, in situ LoC technologies provide ideal instrumentation for underwater analyzers, especially for miniaturized underwater observation platforms. Consequently, the appropriate combination of reliable LoC and underwater technologies is essential to realize practical in situ LoC analyzers suitable for underwater environments, including the deep sea. Moreover, the development of fundamental LoC technologies for underwater analyzers, which operate stably in extreme environments, should also contribute to in situ measurements for public or industrial purposes in harsh environments as well as the exploration of the extraterrestrial frontier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Fukuba
- Institute for Marine-Earth Exploration and Engineering, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Natsushima-cho 2-15, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Han Y, Zhao J, Jiao Z, Chao Z, Tárnok A, You Z. Diffractive Beam Shaper for Multiwavelength Lasers for Flow Cytometry. Cytometry A 2020; 99:194-204. [PMID: 33078537 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Illumination spot in a flow cytometer is a crucial factor determining the measurement accuracy and stability. The traditional mechanism is to precisely calibrate multiple optical components to convert circular Gaussian beams into elliptical Gaussian beams, making it difficult to shape multiwavelength lasers simultaneously. A diffractive beam shaper for multicolor lasers with high simplicity, only containing one diffractive optical element and one focusing lens is created in this work. It can produce rectangular spots, of which the number, the sizes, and the positions are accurately determined by the incident wavelengths. Demonstrated in the customized microflow cytometer, the coefficient of variations (CV) of the optical signals by the beam shaper are 3.6-6.5%, comparable to those derived from the commercial instrument with 3.3-6.3% CVs. Benefiting from the narrow rectangular spots and the flexibility of diffractively shaped lasers, the measurement of bead sizes with 4-15 μm diameters and the real-time detection of flow velocity from 0.79 to 9.50 m/s with the CV of <5% are achieved. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zeheng Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixi Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Attila Tárnok
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Zheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Patel BB, McNamara MC, Pesquera-Colom LS, Kozik EM, Okuzonu J, Hashemi NN, Sakaguchi DS. Recovery of Encapsulated Adult Neural Progenitor Cells from Microfluidic-Spun Hydrogel Fibers Enhances Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7910-7918. [PMID: 32309700 PMCID: PMC7160838 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Because of the limitations imposed by traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures, biomaterials have become a major focus in neural and tissue engineering to study cell behavior in vitro. 2D systems fail to account for interactions between cells and the surrounding environment; these cell-matrix interactions are important to guide cell differentiation and influence cell behavior such as adhesion and migration. Biomaterials provide a unique approach to help mimic the native microenvironment in vivo. In this study, a novel microfluidic technique is used to encapsulate adult rat hippocampal stem/progenitor cells (AHPCs) within alginate-based fibrous hydrogels. To our knowledge, this is the first study to encapsulate AHPCs within a fibrous hydrogel. Alginate-based hydrogels were cultured for 4 days in vitro and recovered to investigate the effects of a 3D environment on the stem cell fate. Post recovery, cells were cultured for an additional 24 or 72 h in vitro before fixing cells to determine if proliferation and neuronal differentiation were impacted after encapsulation. The results indicate that the 3D environment created within a hydrogel is one factor promoting AHPC proliferation and neuronal differentiation (19.1 and 13.5%, respectively); however, this effect is acute. By 72 h post recovery, cells had similar levels of proliferation and neuronal differentiation (10.3 and 8.3%, respectively) compared to the control conditions. Fibrous hydrogels may better mimic the natural micro-environment present in vivo and be used to encapsulate AHPCs, enhancing cell proliferation and selective differentiation. Understanding cell behavior within 3D scaffolds may lead to the development of directed therapies for central nervous system repair and rescue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavika B Patel
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Marilyn C McNamara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Laura S Pesquera-Colom
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Biology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Emily M Kozik
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Biology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Jasmin Okuzonu
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Nicole N Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Donald S Sakaguchi
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Biology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McNamara MC, Sharifi F, Okuzono J, Montazami R, Hashemi NN. Microfluidic Manufacturing of Alginate Fibers with Encapsulated Astrocyte Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1603-1613. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
14
|
Pemathilaka RL, Caplin JD, Aykar SS, Montazami R, Hashemi NN. Placenta-on-a-Chip: In Vitro Study of Caffeine Transport across Placental Barrier Using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2019; 3:1800112. [PMID: 31565368 PMCID: PMC6436596 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201800112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to the particular structure and functionality of the placenta, most current human placenta drug testing methods are limited to animal models, conventional cell testing, and cohort/controlled testing. Previous studies have produced inconsistent results due to physiological differences between humans and animals and limited availability of human and/or animal models for controlled testing. To overcome these challenges, a placenta-on-a-chip system is developed for studying the exchange of substances to and from the placenta. Caffeine transport across the placental barrier is studied because caffeine is a xenobiotic widely consumed on a daily basis. Since a fetus does not carry the enzymes that inactivate caffeine, when it crosses a placental barrier, high caffeine intake may harm the fetus, so it is important to quantify the rate of caffeine transport across the placenta. In this study, a caffeine concentration of 0.25 mg mL-1 is introduced into the maternal channel, and the resulting changes are observed over a span of 7.5 h. A steady caffeine concentration of 0.1513 mg mL-1 is reached on the maternal side after 6.5 h, and a 0.0033 mg mL-1 concentration on the fetal side is achieved after 5 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy D. Caplin
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and BioscienceGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Saurabh S. Aykar
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - Reza Montazami
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| | - Nicole N. Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
- Department of Biomedical SciencesIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bodénès P, Wang HY, Lee TH, Chen HY, Wang CY. Microfluidic techniques for enhancing biofuel and biorefinery industry based on microalgae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:33. [PMID: 30815031 PMCID: PMC6376642 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This review presents a critical assessment of emerging microfluidic technologies for the application on biological productions of biofuels and other chemicals from microalgae. Comparisons of cell culture designs for the screening of microalgae strains and growth conditions are provided with three categories: mechanical traps, droplets, or microchambers. Emerging technologies for the in situ characterization of microalgae features and metabolites are also presented and evaluated. Biomass and secondary metabolite productivities obtained at microscale are compared with the values obtained at bulk scale to assess the feasibility of optimizing large-scale operations using microfluidic platforms. The recent studies in microsystems for microalgae pretreatment, fractionation and extraction of metabolites are also reviewed. Finally, comments toward future developments (high-pressure/-temperature process; solvent-resistant devices; omics analysis, including genome/epigenome, proteome, and metabolome; biofilm reactors) of microfluidic techniques for microalgae applications are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bodénès
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Wang
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Nuclear Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hua Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Chen
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Wang
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zieger SE, Seoane S, Laza-Martínez A, Knaus A, Mistlberger G, Klimant I. Spectral Characterization of Eight Marine Phytoplankton Phyla and Assessing a Pigment-Based Taxonomic Discriminant Analysis for the in Situ Classification of Phytoplankton Blooms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:14266-14274. [PMID: 30451494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Early stage identification of harmful algal blooms (HABs) has gained significance for marine monitoring systems over the years. Various approaches for in situ classification have been developed. Among them, pigment-based taxonomic classification is one promising technique for in situ characterization of bloom compositions, although it is yet underutilized in marine monitoring programs. To demonstrate the applicability and importance of this powerful approach for monitoring programs, we combined an ultra low-cost and miniaturized multichannel fluorometer with Fisher's linear discriminant analysis (LDA). This enables the real-time characterization of algal blooms at order level based on their spectral properties. The classification capability of the algorithm was examined with a leave-one-out cross validation of 53 different unialgal cultures conducted in terms of standard statistical measures and independent figures of merit. The separation capability of the linear discriminant analysis was further successfully examined in mixed algal suspensions. Besides this, the impact of the growing status on the classification capability was assessed. Further, we provide a comprehensive study of spectral features of eight different phytoplankton phyla including an extensive study of fluorescence excitation spectra and marker pigments analyzed via HPLC. The analyzed phytoplankton species belong to the phyla of Cyanobacteria, Dinophyta (Dinoflagellates), Bacillariophyta (Diatoms), Haptophyta, Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta, Cryptophyta, and Euglenophyta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia E Zieger
- Optical Sensors Group, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Graz , Austria
| | - Sergio Seoane
- Plant biology and Ecology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology , University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Leioa 48940 , Spain
| | - Aitor Laza-Martínez
- Plant biology and Ecology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology , University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Leioa 48940 , Spain
| | - Anna Knaus
- Optical Sensors Group, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Graz , Austria
| | - Günter Mistlberger
- Optical Sensors Group, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Graz , Austria
| | - Ingo Klimant
- Optical Sensors Group, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Graz , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Girault M, Beneyton T, Del Amo Y, Baret JC. Microfluidic technology for plankton research. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 55:134-150. [PMID: 30326407 PMCID: PMC6378650 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plankton produces numerous chemical compounds used in cosmetics and functional foods. They also play a key role in the carbon budget on the Earth. In a context of global change, it becomes important to understand the physiological response of these microorganisms to changing environmental conditions. Their adaptations and the response to specific environmental conditions are often restricted to a few active cells or individuals in large populations. Using analytical capabilities at the subnanoliter scale, microfluidic technology has also demonstrated a high potential in biological assays. Here, we review recent advances in microfluidic technologies to overcome the current challenges in high content analysis both at population and the single cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Girault
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5031, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Thomas Beneyton
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5031, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Yolanda Del Amo
- Université de Bordeaux - OASU, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC (Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux), Station Marine d'Arcachon, 33120 Arcachon, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Baret
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5031, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 33600 Pessac, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zieger SE, Mistlberger G, Troi L, Lang A, Confalonieri F, Klimant I. Compact and Low-Cost Fluorescence Based Flow-Through Analyzer for Early-Stage Classification of Potentially Toxic Algae and in Situ Semiquantification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7399-7408. [PMID: 29860835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and intensity of (harmful) algal blooms (HABs) have increased through the years due to rapidly changing environmental conditions. At the same time, the demand for low-cost instrumentation has increased substantially, enabling the real-time monitoring and early-stage detection of HABs. To meet this challenge, we have developed a compact multi-wavelength fluorometer for less than 400 USD. This is possible by using readily available and low-cost optical and electronic components. Its modular design results in a highly versatile and flexible monitoring tool. The algae detection module enables a continuous identification and control of relevant algal groups based on their spectral characteristics with a detection limit of 10 cells per liter. Besides its usage as a benchtop module in the laboratory, the algae module has been integrated into submersible housings and applied in coastal environments. During its first in situ application in the Port of Genoa, seawater samples of mixed algal composition were used to demonstrate the successful discrimination of cyanobacteria and dinophytes as well-known toxin producing classes. Fabrication, operation, and performance as well as its first in situ application are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia E Zieger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Günter Mistlberger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Lukas Troi
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Alexander Lang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Fabio Confalonieri
- Idronaut S.r.l. , Via Monte Amiata 10 , 20861 Brugherio , Monza and Brianza , Italy
| | - Ingo Klimant
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Dincer C, Bruch R, Kling A, Dittrich PS, Urban GA. Multiplexed Point-of-Care Testing - xPOCT. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:728-742. [PMID: 28456344 PMCID: PMC5538621 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiplexed point-of-care testing (xPOCT), which is simultaneous on-site detection of different analytes from a single specimen, has recently gained increasing importance for clinical diagnostics, with emerging applications in resource-limited settings (such as in the developing world, in doctors’ offices, or directly at home). Nevertheless, only single-analyte approaches are typically considered as the major paradigm in many reviews of point-of-care testing. Here, we comprehensively review the present diagnostic systems and techniques for xPOCT applications. Different multiplexing technologies (e.g., bead- or array-based systems) are considered along with their detection methods (e.g., electrochemical or optical). We also address the unmet needs and challenges of xPOCT. Finally, we critically summarize the in-field applicability and the future perspectives of the presented approaches. Simultaneous on-site measurement of different substances from a single sample, called multiplexed point-of-care testing, has recently become more and more important for in vitro diagnostics. The major aim for the development of xPOCT systems is the smart combination of a high-performing device with a low system complexity. Thus, the on-site tests are realized in a short time by non-experts and ensure comparable results with clinical and central laboratory findings. A multiplexing capability of up to 10 analytes has been sufficient for many recent xPOCT applications. The future of xPOCT devices will be driven by novel biotechnologies (e.g., aptamers) or targets (e.g., circulating RNAs or tumor cells, exosomes, and miRNAs), as well as applications like personalized medicine, homecare monitoring, and wearables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Dincer
- University of Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Sensors, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; University of Freiburg, Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Richard Bruch
- University of Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Sensors, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - André Kling
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioanalytics Group, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petra S Dittrich
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Bioanalytics Group, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerald A Urban
- University of Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Sensors, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; University of Freiburg, Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Multidimensional single-cell analysis based on fluorescence microscopy and automated image analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:4009-4019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
22
|
Vander Wiel JB, Mikulicz JD, Boysen MR, Hashemi N, Kalgren P, Nauman L, Baetzold SJ, Powell GG, He Q, Hashemi NN. Characterization of Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella protothecoides using multi-pixel photon counters in a 3D focusing optofluidic system. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new type of multi-pixel photon counter was employed to miniaturize the device, lower its power consumption, and make it insensitive to magnetic fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Niloofar Hashemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Sharif University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Patrick Kalgren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | - Levi M. Nauman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | - Seth J. Baetzold
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | | | - Qing He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | - Nicole Nastaran Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
- Center for Advanced Host Defense Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sharifi F, Patel BB, Dzuilko AK, Montazami R, Sakaguchi DS, Hashemi N. Polycaprolactone Microfibrous Scaffolds to Navigate Neural Stem Cells. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3287-3297. [PMID: 27598294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fibrous scaffolds have shown promise in tissue engineering due to their ability to improve cell alignment and migration. In this paper, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) fibers are fabricated in different sizes using a microfluidic platform. By using this approach, we demonstrated considerable flexibility in ability to control the size of the fibers. It was shown that the average diameter of the fibers was obtained in the range of 2.6-36.5 μm by selecting the PCL solution flow rate from 1 to 5 μL min-1 and the sheath flow rate from 20 to 400 μL min-1 in the microfluidic channel. The microfibers were used to create 3D microenvironments in order to investigate growth and differentiation of adult hippocampal stem/progenitor cells (AHPCs) in vitro. The results indicated that the 3D topography of the PCL substrates, along with chemical (extracellular matrix) guidance cues supported the adhesion, survival, and differentiation of the AHPCs. Additionally, it was found that the cell deviation angle for 44-66% of cells on different types of fibers was less than 10°. This reveals the functionality of PCL fibrous scaffolds for cell alignment important in applications such as reconnecting serious nerve injuries and guiding the direction of axon growth as well as regenerating blood vessels, tendons, and muscle tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farrokh Sharifi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology and Neuroscience, and §Center of Advanced Host Defense Immunobiotics and Translational Medicine, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Bhavika B Patel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology and Neuroscience, and §Center of Advanced Host Defense Immunobiotics and Translational Medicine, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Adam K Dzuilko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology and Neuroscience, and §Center of Advanced Host Defense Immunobiotics and Translational Medicine, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Reza Montazami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology and Neuroscience, and §Center of Advanced Host Defense Immunobiotics and Translational Medicine, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Donald S Sakaguchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology and Neuroscience, and §Center of Advanced Host Defense Immunobiotics and Translational Medicine, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Nastaran Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‡Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology and Neuroscience, and §Center of Advanced Host Defense Immunobiotics and Translational Medicine, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhao J, You Z. Using binary optical elements (BOEs) to generate rectangular spots for illumination in micro flow cytometer. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:054111. [PMID: 27733892 PMCID: PMC5045444 DOI: 10.1063/1.4963010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work introduces three rectangular quasi-flat-top spots, which are provided by binary optical elements (BOEs) and utilized for the illumination in a microflow cytometer. The three spots contain, respectively, one, two, and three rectangles (R1, R2, and R3). To test the performance of this mechanism, a microflow cytometer is established by integrating the BOEs and a three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing chip. Through the experiments of detecting fluorescence microbeads, the three spots present good fluorescence coefficients of variation in comparison with those derived from commercial instruments. Benefiting from a high spatial resolution, when using R1 spot, the micro flow cytometer can perform a throughput as high as 20 000 events per second (eps). Illuminated by R2 or R3 spot, one bead emits fluorescence twice or thrice, thus the velocity can be measured in real time. Besides, the R3 spot provides a long-time exposure, which is conducive to improving fluorescence intensity and the measurement stability. In brief, using the spots shaped and homogenized by BOEs for illumination can increase the performance and the functionality of a micro flow cytometer.
Collapse
|
25
|
Liang L, Zuo YF, Wu W, Zhu XQ, Yang Y. Optofluidic restricted imaging, spectroscopy and counting of nanoparticles by evanescent wave using immiscible liquids. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3007-3014. [PMID: 26984126 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Conventional flow cytometry (FC) suffers from the diffraction limit for the detection of nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm, whereas traditional total internal reflection (TIR) microscopy can only detect few samples near the solid-liquid interface mostly in static states. Here we demonstrate a novel on-chip optofluidic technique using evanescent wave sensing for single nanoparticle real time detection by combining hydrodynamic focusing and TIR using immiscible flows. The immiscibility of the high-index sheath flow and the low-index core flow naturally generate a smooth, flat and step-index interface that is ideal for the TIR effect, whose evanescent field can penetrate the full width of the core flow. Hydrodynamic focusing can focus on all the nanoparticles in the extreme centre of the core flow with a width smaller than 1 μm. This technique enables us to illuminate every single sample in the running core flow by the evanescent field, leaving none unaffected. Moreover, it works well for samples much smaller than the diffraction limit. We have successfully demonstrated the scattering imaging and counting of 50 nm and 100 nm Au nanoparticles and also the fluorescence imaging and counting of 200 nm beads. The effective counting speeds are estimated as 1500, 2300 and 2000 particles per second for the three types of nanoparticles, respectively. The optical scattering spectra were also measured to determine the size of individual Au nanoparticles. This provides a new technique to detect nanoparticles and we foresee its application in the detection of molecules for biomedical analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Liang
- School of Physics & Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
He PJW, Katis IN, Eason RW, Sones CL. Laser direct-write for fabrication of three-dimensional paper-based devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3296-303. [PMID: 27436100 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of a laser-based direct-write (LDW) technique that allows the design and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) structures within a paper substrate that enables implementation of multi-step analytical assays via a 3D protocol. The technique is based on laser-induced photo-polymerisation, and through adjustment of the laser writing parameters such as the laser power and scan speed we can control the depths of hydrophobic barriers that are formed within a substrate which, when carefully designed and integrated, produce 3D flow paths. So far, we have successfully used this depth-variable patterning protocol for stacking and sealing of multi-layer substrates, for assembly of backing layers for two-dimensional (2D) lateral flow devices and finally for fabrication of 3D devices. Since the 3D flow paths can also be formed via a single laser-writing process by controlling the patterning parameters, this is a distinct improvement over other methods that require multiple complicated and repetitive assembly procedures. This technique is therefore suitable for cheap, rapid and large-scale fabrication of 3D paper-based microfluidic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J W He
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK.
| | - I N Katis
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK.
| | - R W Eason
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK.
| | - C L Sones
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sharifi F, Kurteshi D, Hashemi N. Designing highly structured polycaprolactone fibers using microfluidics. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 61:530-540. [PMID: 27136089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microfibers are becoming increasingly important for biomedical applications such as regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. We have used a microfluidic approach to create polycaprolactone (PCL) microfibers in a controlled manner. Through the variations of the sheath fluid flow rate and PCL concentration in the core solution, the morphology of the microfibers and their cross-sections can be tuned. The microfibers were made using PCL concentrations of 2%, 5%, and 8% in the core fluid with a wide range of sheath-to-core flow rate ratios from 120:5µL/min to 10:5µL/min, respectively. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of the PCL microfibers made using microfluidic approach were significantly improved compared to the PCL microfibers made by other fiber fabrication methods. Additionally, it was demonstrated that by decreasing the flow rate ratio and increasing the PCL concentration, the size of the microfiber could be increased. Varying the sheath-to-core flow rate ratios from 40:5 to 10:5, the tensile stress at break, the tensile strain at break, and the Young׳s modulus were enhanced from 24.51MPa to 77.07MPa, 567% to 1420%, and 247.25MPa to 539.70MPa, respectively. The porosity and roughness of microfiber decreased when the PCL concentration increased from 2% to 8%, whereas changing the flow rate ratio did not have considerable impact on the microfiber roughness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farrokh Sharifi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Diamant Kurteshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Nastaran Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Center for Advanced Host Defense Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Juang YJ, Chang JS. Applications of microfluidics in microalgae biotechnology: A review. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:327-35. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Je Juang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Choi J, Kang M, Jung JH. Integrated micro-optofluidic platform for real-time detection of airborne microorganisms. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15983. [PMID: 26522006 PMCID: PMC4629162 DOI: 10.1038/srep15983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate an integrated micro-optofluidic platform for real-time, continuous detection and quantification of airborne microorganisms. Measurements of the fluorescence and light scattering from single particles in a microfluidic channel are used to determine the total particle number concentration and the microorganism number concentration in real-time. The system performance is examined by evaluating standard particle measurements with various sample flow rates and the ratios of fluorescent to non-fluorescent particles. To apply this method to real-time detection of airborne microorganisms, airborne Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis cells were introduced into the micro-optofluidic platform via bioaerosol generation, and a liquid-type particle collection setup was used. We demonstrate successful discrimination of SYTO82-dyed fluorescent bacterial cells from other residue particles in a continuous and real-time manner. In comparison with traditional microscopy cell counting and colony culture methods, this micro-optofluidic platform is not only more accurate in terms of the detection efficiency for airborne microorganisms but it also provides additional information on the total particle number concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jae Hee Jung
- Center for Environment, Health, and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Caplin JD, Granados NG, James MR, Montazami R, Hashemi N. Microfluidic Organ-on-a-Chip Technology for Advancement of Drug Development and Toxicology. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1426-50. [PMID: 25820344 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the exploitation of phenomena surrounding microfluidics has seen an increase in popularity, as researchers have found a way to use their unique properties to create superior design alternatives. One such application is representing the properties and functions of different organs on a microscale chip for the purpose of drug testing or tissue engineering. With the introduction of "organ-on-a-chip" systems, researchers have proposed various methods on various organ-on-a-chip systems to mimic their in vivo counterparts. In this article, a systematic approach is taken to review current technologies pertaining to organ-on-a-chip systems. Design processes with attention to the particular instruments, cells, and materials used are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D. Caplin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Norma G. Granados
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Myra R. James
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Reza Montazami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
- Center for Advanced Host Defense Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Nastaran Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
- Center for Advanced Host Defense Immunobiotics and Translational Comparative Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Asrar P, Sucur M, Hashemi N. Multi-Pixel Photon Counters for Optofluidic Characterization of Particles and Microalgae. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2015; 5:308-18. [PMID: 26075506 PMCID: PMC4493551 DOI: 10.3390/bios5020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an optofluidic biosensor to study microscale particles and different species of microalgae. The system is comprised of a microchannel with a set of chevron-shaped grooves. The chevrons allows for hydrodynamic focusing of the core stream in the center using a sheath fluid. The device is equipped with a new generation of highly sensitive photodetectors, multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC), with high gain values and an extremely small footprint. Two different sizes of high intensity fluorescent microspheres and three different species of algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain 21 gr, Chlamydomonas suppressor, and Chlorella sorokiniana) were studied. The forward scattering emissions generated by samples passing through the interrogation region were carried through a multimode fiber, located in 135 degree with respect to the excitation fiber, and detected by a MPPC. The signal outputs obtained from each sample were collected using a data acquisition system and utilized for further statistical analysis. Larger particles or cells demonstrated larger peak height and width, and consequently larger peak area. The average signal output (integral of the peak) for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain 21 gr, Chlamydomonas suppressor, and Chlorella sorokiniana falls between the values found for the 3.2 and 10.2 μm beads. Different types of algae were also successfully characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Asrar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Marta Sucur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Nastaran Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
3D hydrodynamic focusing microfluidics for emerging sensing technologies. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 67:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
33
|
Goodrich PJ, Sharifi F, Hashemi N. Rapid prototyping of microchannels with surface patterns for fabrication of polymer fibers. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15154f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic technology has provided innovative solutions to numerous problems, but the cost of fabricating microfluidic channels is impeding its expansion. We created multilayer microchannels significantly quicker and cheaper than current methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Farrokh Sharifi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
| | - Nastaran Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Iowa State University
- Ames
- USA
- Ames National Laboratory
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics may soon change the paradigm of performing chemical analyses and related instrumentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Yu Basova
- Masaryk University
- CEITEC, Central European Institute Technology
- Brno
- Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Foret
- Masaryk University
- CEITEC, Central European Institute Technology
- Brno
- Czech Republic
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Spindel S, Sapsford KE. Evaluation of optical detection platforms for multiplexed detection of proteins and the need for point-of-care biosensors for clinical use. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 14:22313-41. [PMID: 25429414 PMCID: PMC4299016 DOI: 10.3390/s141222313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review investigates optical sensor platforms for protein multiplexing, the ability to analyze multiple analytes simultaneously. Multiplexing is becoming increasingly important for clinical needs because disease and therapeutic response often involve the interplay between a variety of complex biological networks encompassing multiple, rather than single, proteins. Multiplexing is generally achieved through one of two routes, either through spatial separation on a surface (different wells or spots) or with the use of unique identifiers/labels (such as spectral separation-different colored dyes, or unique beads-size or color). The strengths and weaknesses of conventional platforms such as immunoassays and new platforms involving protein arrays and lab-on-a-chip technology, including commercially-available devices, are discussed. Three major public health concerns are identified whereby detecting medically-relevant markers using Point-of-Care (POC) multiplex assays could potentially allow for a more efficient diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Spindel
- Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Kim E Sapsford
- Division of Biology, Chemistry, and Materials Science Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Spencer D, Elliott G, Morgan H. A sheath-less combined optical and impedance micro-cytometer. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3064-73. [PMID: 24964908 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00224e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe a sheath-less micro-cytometer that measures four different parameters, namely fluorescence, large angle side scatter and dual frequency electrical impedance (electrical volume and opacity). The cytometer was benchmarked using both size and fluorescent bead standards and demonstrates excellent size accuracy (CVs ≤ 2.1%), sensitivity and dynamic range (3.5 orders of magnitude) at sample flow rates of 80 μL per minute. The cytometer was evaluated by analysing human blood, and a four part differential leukocyte assay for accurate CD4+ T-cell enumeration was demonstrated. The integration of impedance, fluorescence and side scatter into a single miniature cytometer platform provides the core information content of a classical cytometer in a highly compact, simple, portable and low cost format.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Spencer
- Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kwa T, Zhou Q, Gao Y, Rahimian A, Kwon L, Liu Y, Revzin A. Reconfigurable microfluidics with integrated aptasensors for monitoring intercellular communication. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1695-704. [PMID: 24700096 PMCID: PMC4386869 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00037d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a microsystem integrating anti-TNF-α aptasensors with vacuum-actuatable microfluidic devices that may be used to monitor intercellular communications. Actuatable chambers were used to expose to mitogen a group of ~600 cells while not stimulating another group of monocytes only 600 μm away. Co-localizing groups of cells with miniature 300 μm diameter aptamer-modified electrodes enabled monitoring of TNF-α release from each group independently. The microsystem allowed observation of the sequence of events that included 1) mitogenic activation of the first group of monocytes to produce TNF-α, 2) diffusion of TNF-α to the location of the second group of cells and 3) activation of the second group of cells resulting in the production of TNF-α by these cells. Thus, we were able to experimentally verify reciprocal paracrine crosstalk between the two groups of cells secreting the same signalling molecule. Given the prevalence of such cellular communications during injury, cancer or immune response and the dearth of available monitoring techniques, the microsystem described here is envisioned to have significant impact on cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Kwa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Building, 451 Health Sciences Drive Room 2619, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim HS, Weiss TL, Thapa HR, Devarenne TP, Han A. A microfluidic photobioreactor array demonstrating high-throughput screening for microalgal oil production. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1415-25. [PMID: 24496295 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc51396c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are envisioned as a future source of renewable oil. The feasibility of producing high-value biomolecules from microalgae is strongly dependent on developing strains with increased productivity and environmental tolerance, understanding algal gene regulation, and optimizing growth conditions for higher production of target molecules. We present a high-throughput microfluidic microalgal photobioreactor array capable of applying 64 different light conditions to arrays of microscale algal photobioreactors and apply this device to investigate how light conditions influence algal growth and oil production. Using the green colony-forming microalga Botryococcus braunii, the light intensity and light-dark cycle conditions were identified that induced 1.8-fold higher oil accumulation over the typically used culture conditions. Additionally, the studies revealed that the condition under which maximum oil production occurs is significantly different from that of maximum growth. This screening test was accomplished using the developed photobioreactor array at 250 times higher throughput compared to conventional flask-scale photobioreactors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sechi D, Greer B, Johnson J, Hashemi N. Three-Dimensional Paper-Based Microfluidic Device for Assays of Protein and Glucose in Urine. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10733-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4014868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deidre Sechi
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Brady Greer
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Jesse Johnson
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - Nastaran Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kirleis MA, Mathews SA, Verbarg J, Erickson JS, Piqué A. Reconfigurable acquisition system with integrated optics for a portable flow cytometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:115109. [PMID: 24289439 DOI: 10.1063/1.4831835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Portable and inexpensive scientific instruments that are capable of performing point of care diagnostics are needed for applications such as disease detection and diagnosis in resource-poor settings, for water quality and food supply monitoring, and for biosurveillance activities in autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we describe the development of a compact flow cytometer built from three separate, customizable, and interchangeable modules. The instrument as configured in this work is being developed specifically for the detection of selected Centers for Disease Control (CDC) category B biothreat agents through a bead-based assay: E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Listeria, and Shigella. It has two-color excitation, three-color fluorescence and light scattering detection, embedded electronics, and capillary based flow. However, these attributes can be easily modified for other applications such as cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) counting. Proof of concept is demonstrated through a 6-plex bead assay with the results compared to a commercially available benchtop-sized instrument.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Kirleis
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Watts BR, Zhang Z, Xu CQ, Cao X, Lin M. Scattering detection using a photonic-microfluidic integrated device with on-chip collection capabilities. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:271-81. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Watts
- Department of Engineering Physics; McMaster University; Hamilton Canada
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Institute for Microstructural Sciences; National Research Council of Canada; Ottawa Canada
| | - Chang Qing Xu
- Department of Engineering Physics; McMaster University; Hamilton Canada
| | - Xudong Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Canada
| | - Min Lin
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency; Ottawa Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Karimi A, Yazdi S, Ardekani AM. Hydrodynamic mechanisms of cell and particle trapping in microfluidics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:21501. [PMID: 24404005 PMCID: PMC3631262 DOI: 10.1063/1.4799787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Focusing and sorting cells and particles utilizing microfluidic phenomena have been flourishing areas of development in recent years. These processes are largely beneficial in biomedical applications and fundamental studies of cell biology as they provide cost-effective and point-of-care miniaturized diagnostic devices and rare cell enrichment techniques. Due to inherent problems of isolation methods based on the biomarkers and antigens, separation approaches exploiting physical characteristics of cells of interest, such as size, deformability, and electric and magnetic properties, have gained currency in many medical assays. Here, we present an overview of the cell/particle sorting techniques by harnessing intrinsic hydrodynamic effects in microchannels. Our emphasis is on the underlying fluid dynamical mechanisms causing cross stream migration of objects in shear and vortical flows. We also highlight the advantages and drawbacks of each method in terms of throughput, separation efficiency, and cell viability. Finally, we discuss the future research areas for extending the scope of hydrodynamic mechanisms and exploring new physical directions for microfluidic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Karimi
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - S Yazdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - A M Ardekani
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Microfabricated devices in microbial bioenergy sciences. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:225-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
44
|
Yang J, Ghobadian S, Goodrich PJ, Montazami R, Hashemi N. Miniaturized biological and electrochemical fuel cells: challenges and applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:14147-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50804h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
45
|
Martini J, Recht MI, Huck M, Bern MW, Johnson NM, Kiesel P. Time encoded multicolor fluorescence detection in a microfluidic flow cytometer. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:5057-62. [PMID: 23044636 PMCID: PMC3485422 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40515f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe an optical detection technique that delivers high signal-to-noise discrimination to enable a multi-parameter flow cytometer that combines high performance, robustness, compactness and low cost. The enabling technique is termed "spatially modulated detection" and generates a time-dependent signal as a continuously fluorescing (bio-) particle traverses an optical transmission pattern along the fluidic channel. Correlating the detected signal with the expected transmission pattern achieves high discrimination of the particle signal from background noise. Additionally, the particle speed and its fluorescence emission characteristics are deduced from the correlation analysis. Our method uses a large excitation/emission volume along the fluidic channel in order to increase the total flux of fluorescence light that originates from a particle while requiring minimal optical alignment. Despite the large excitation/detection volume, the mask pattern enables a high spatial resolution in the micron range. This allows for detection and characterization of particles with a separation (in flow direction) comparable to the dimension of individual particles. In addition, the concept is intrinsically tolerant of non-encoded background fluorescence originating from fluorescent components in solution, fluorescing components of the chamber and contaminants on its surface. The optical detection technique is illustrated with experimental results of multicolor detection with a single large area detector by filtering fluorescence emission of different particles through a patterned color mask. Thereby the particles' fluorescence emission spectrum is encoded in a time dependent intensity signal and color information can be extracted from the correlation analysis. The multicolor detection technique is demonstrated by differentiation of micro-beads loaded with PE (Phycoerythrin) and PE-Cy5 that are excited at 532 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Martini
- Palo Alto Research Center, 3333 Coyote Hill Rd., Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Watts BR, Zhang Z, Xu CQ, Cao X, Lin M. Integration of optical components on-chip for scattering and fluorescence detection in an optofluidic device. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:2784-93. [PMID: 23162718 PMCID: PMC3493222 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.002784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
An optofluidic device is demonstrated with photonic components integrated onto the chip for use in fluorescence and scatter detection and counting applications. The device is fabricated by integrating the optical and fluidic components in a single functional layer. Optical excitation on-chip is accomplished via a waveguide integrated with a system of lenses that reforms the geometry of the beam in the microfluidic channel into a specific shape that is more suitable for reliable detection. Separate counting tests by detecting fluorescence and scattered signals from 2.5 and 6.0 μm beads were performed and found to show detection reliability comparable to that of conventional means of excitation and an improvement over other microchip-based designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Watts
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Watts BR, Zhang Z, Xu CQ, Cao X, Lin M. A photonic-microfluidic integrated device for reliable fluorescence detection and counting. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3236-44. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Watts
- Department of Engineering Physics; McMaster University; Hamilton; Ontario; Canada
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Institute for Microstructural Sciences; National Research Council of Canada; Ottawa; Ontario; Canada
| | - Chang Qing Xu
- Department of Engineering Physics; McMaster University; Hamilton; Ontario; Canada
| | - Xudong Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; University of Ottawa; Ottawa; Ontario; Canada
| | - Min Lin
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency; Ottawa; Ontario; Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yang RJ, Hou HH, Wang YN, Lin CH, Fu LM. A hydrodynamic focusing microchannel based on micro-weir shear lift force. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2012; 6:34110. [PMID: 23919100 PMCID: PMC3427323 DOI: 10.1063/1.4739073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel microflow cytometer is proposed in which the particles are focused in the horizontal and vertical directions by means of the Saffman shear lift force generated within a micro-weir microchannel. The proposed device is fabricated on stress-relieved glass substrates and is characterized both numerically and experimentally using fluorescent particles with diameters of 5 μm and 10 μm, respectively. The numerical results show that the micro-weir structures confine the particle stream to the center of the microchannel without the need for a shear flow. Moreover, the experimental results show that the particles emerging from the micro-weir microchannel pass through the detection region in a one-by-one fashion. The focusing effect of the micro-weir microchannel is quantified by computing the normalized variance of the optical detection signal intensity. It is shown that the focusing performance of the micro-weir structure is equal to 99.76% and 99.57% for the 5-μm and 10-μm beads, respectively. Overall, the results presented in this study confirm that the proposed microcytometer enables the reliable sorting and counting of particles with different diameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Jen Yang
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Schaap A, Rohrlack T, Bellouard Y. Lab on a chip technologies for algae detection: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2012; 5:661-672. [PMID: 22693123 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, lab on a chip technologies have emerged as powerful tools for high-accuracy diagnosis with minute quantities of liquid and as tools for exploring cell properties in general. In this paper, we present a review of the current status of this technology in the context of algae detection and monitoring. We start with an overview of the detection methods currently used for algae monitoring, followed by a review of lab on a chip devices for algae detection and classification, and then discuss a case study based on our own research activities. We conclude with a discussion on future challenges and motivations for algae-oriented lab on a chip technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Schaap
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Revzin A, Maverakis E, Chang HC. Biosensors for immune cell analysis-A perspective. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2012; 6:21301-2130113. [PMID: 22655003 PMCID: PMC3360707 DOI: 10.1063/1.4706845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Massively parallel analysis of single immune cells or small immune cell colonies for disease detection, drug screening, and antibody production represents a "killer app" for the rapidly maturing microfabrication and microfluidic technologies. In our view, microfabricated solid-phase and flow cytometry platforms of the future will be complete with biosensors and electrical/mechanical/optical actuators and will enable multi-parametric analysis of cell function, real-time detection of secreted signals, and facile retrieval of cells deemed interesting.
Collapse
|