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Lozano AI, Álvarez L, García-Abenza A, Guerra C, Kossoski F, Rosado J, Blanco F, Oller JC, Hasan M, Centurion M, Weber T, Slaughter DS, Mootheril DM, Dorn A, Kumar S, Limão-Vieira P, Colmenares R, García G. Electron Scattering from 1-Methyl-5-Nitroimidazole: Cross-Sections for Modeling Electron Transport through Potential Radiosensitizers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12182. [PMID: 37569557 PMCID: PMC10418670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present a complete set of electron scattering cross-sections from 1-Methyl-5-Nitroimidazole (1M5NI) molecules for impact energies ranging from 0.1 to 1000 eV. This information is relevant to evaluate the potential role of 1M5NI as a molecular radiosensitizers. The total electron scattering cross-sections (TCS) that we previously measured with a magnetically confined electron transmission apparatus were considered as the reference values for the present analysis. Elastic scattering cross-sections were calculated by means of two different schemes: The Schwinger multichannel (SMC) method for the lower energies (below 15 eV) and the independent atom model-based screening-corrected additivity rule with interferences (IAM-SCARI) for higher energies (above 15 eV). The latter was also applied to calculate the total ionization cross-sections, which were complemented with experimental values of the induced cationic fragmentation by electron impact. Double differential ionization cross-sections were measured with a reaction microscope multi-particle coincidence spectrometer. Using a momentum imaging spectrometer, direct measurements of the anion fragment yields and kinetic energies by the dissociative electron attachment are also presented. Cross-sections for the other inelastic channels were derived with a self-consistent procedure by sampling their values at a given energy to ensure that the sum of the cross-sections of all the scattering processes available at that energy coincides with the corresponding TCS. This cross-section data set is ready to be used for modelling electron-induced radiation damage at the molecular level to biologically relevant media containing 1M5NI as a potential radiosensitizer. Nonetheless, a proper evaluation of its radiosensitizing effects would require further radiobiological experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Lozano
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Serrano 113-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain or (A.I.L.); (L.Á.); (A.G.-A.); (C.G.)
- Laboratório de Colisões Atómicas e Moleculares, CEFITEC, Departamento de Física, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal (P.L.-V.)
| | - Lidia Álvarez
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Serrano 113-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain or (A.I.L.); (L.Á.); (A.G.-A.); (C.G.)
| | - Adrián García-Abenza
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Serrano 113-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain or (A.I.L.); (L.Á.); (A.G.-A.); (C.G.)
| | - Carlos Guerra
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Serrano 113-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain or (A.I.L.); (L.Á.); (A.G.-A.); (C.G.)
| | - Fábris Kossoski
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France;
| | - Jaime Rosado
- Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica e IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Francisco Blanco
- Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica e IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Juan Carlos Oller
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (M.H.); (T.W.); (D.S.S.)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Martin Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA;
| | - Thorsten Weber
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (M.H.); (T.W.); (D.S.S.)
| | - Daniel S. Slaughter
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (M.H.); (T.W.); (D.S.S.)
| | | | - Alexander Dorn
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (D.M.M.)
| | - Sarvesh Kumar
- Laboratório de Colisões Atómicas e Moleculares, CEFITEC, Departamento de Física, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal (P.L.-V.)
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (M.H.); (T.W.); (D.S.S.)
| | - Paulo Limão-Vieira
- Laboratório de Colisões Atómicas e Moleculares, CEFITEC, Departamento de Física, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal (P.L.-V.)
| | - Rafael Colmenares
- Servicio de Radiofísica, IRYCIS-Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo Km. 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gustavo García
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Serrano 113-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain or (A.I.L.); (L.Á.); (A.G.-A.); (C.G.)
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Slaughter DS, Weber T, Belkacem A, Trevisan CS, Lucchese RR, McCurdy CW, Rescigno TN. Selective bond-breaking in formic acid by dissociative electron attachment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:13893-13902. [PMID: 32542241 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01522a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of a joint experimental and theoretical study of dissociative electron attachment to formic acid (HCOOH) in the 6-9 eV region, where H- fragment ions are a dominant product. Breaking of the C-H and O-H bonds is distinguished experimentally by deuteration of either site. We show that in this region H- ions can be produced by formation of two or possibly three Feshbach resonance (doubly-excited anion) states, one of which leads to either C-H or O-H bond scission, while the other can only produce formyloxyl radicals by O-H bond scission. Comparison of experimental and theoretical angular distributions of the anion fragment allows the elucidation of state specific pathways to dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Slaughter
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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3
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Kostko O, Xu B, Ahmed M, Slaughter DS, Ogletree DF, Closser KD, Prendergast DG, Naulleau P, Olynick DL, Ashby PD, Liu Y, Hinsberg WD, Wallraff GM. Fundamental understanding of chemical processes in extreme ultraviolet resist materials. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:154305. [PMID: 30342450 DOI: 10.1063/1.5046521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
New photoresists are needed to advance extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. The tailored design of efficient photoresists is enabled by a fundamental understanding of EUV induced chemistry. Processes that occur in the resist film after absorption of an EUV photon are discussed, and a new approach to study these processes on a fundamental level is described. The processes of photoabsorption, electron emission, and molecular fragmentation were studied experimentally in the gas-phase on analogs of the monomer units employed in chemically amplified EUV resists. To demonstrate the dependence of the EUV absorption cross section on selective light harvesting substituents, halogenated methylphenols were characterized employing the following techniques. Photoelectron spectroscopy was utilized to investigate kinetic energies and yield of electrons emitted by a molecule. The emission of Auger electrons was detected following photoionization in the case of iodo-methylphenol. Mass-spectrometry was used to deduce the molecular fragmentation pathways following electron emission and atomic relaxation. To gain insight on the interaction of emitted electrons with neutral molecules in a condensed film, the fragmentation pattern of neutral gas-phase molecules, interacting with an electron beam, was studied and observed to be similar to EUV photon fragmentation. Below the ionization threshold, electrons were confirmed to dissociate iodo-methylphenol by resonant electron attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel S Slaughter
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Frank Ogletree
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kristina D Closser
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David G Prendergast
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Patrick Naulleau
- Center for X-Ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Deirdre L Olynick
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Paul D Ashby
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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4
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Nag P, Nandi D. Fragmentation dynamics in dissociative electron attachment to CO probed by velocity slice imaging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:7130-7. [PMID: 25690751 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05678g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Complete dissociation dynamics in electron attachment to carbon monoxide (CO) have been studied using the newly developed velocity slice imaging (VSI) technique. Both kinetic energy and angular distributions of O(-) ions formed by dissociative electron attachment (DEA) to CO molecules have been measured for 9, 9.5, 10, 10.5, 11, and 11.5 eV incident electron energies around the resonance. Detailed observations conclusively show that two separate DEA reactions lead to the formation of O(-) ions in the ground (2)P state along with the neutral C atoms in the ground (3)P state and the first excited (1)D state, respectively. Within the axial recoil approximation and involving four partial waves, our angular distribution results clearly indicate that the two reactions leading to O(-) formation proceed through the specific resonant state(s). For the first process, more than one intermediate state is involved. On the other hand, for the second process, only one state is involved. The observed forward-backward asymmetry is explained in terms of the interference between the different partial waves that are involved in the processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamir Nag
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, India.
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Douguet N, Slaughter DS, Adaniya H, Belkacem A, Orel AE, Rescigno TN. Signatures of bond formation and bond scission dynamics in dissociative electron attachment to methane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:25621-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04178c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We show that a single T2 resonance can explain the 10 eV dissociative electron attachment peak in methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Douguet
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- University of California
- Davis
- USA
| | - D. S. Slaughter
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - H. Adaniya
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - A. Belkacem
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - A. E. Orel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- University of California
- Davis
- USA
| | - T. N. Rescigno
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
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6
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Kawarai Y, Weber T, Azuma Y, Winstead C, McKoy V, Belkacem A, Slaughter DS. Dynamics of the Dissociating Uracil Anion Following Resonant Electron Attachment. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3854-3858. [PMID: 26278760 DOI: 10.1021/jz501907d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of dissociative electron attachment (DEA) to the nucleobase uracil. Using ion momentum imaging experiments employing a DEA reaction microscope we have measured 3-dimensional momentum distributions of specific anionic fragments following DEA to uracil by 6 eV electrons. From the measured anion fragment kinetic energy we determine the possible dissociation pathways and the total kinetic energy release. We employ electronic structure and electron scattering calculations to determine the probability for electron attachment in the molecular frame. Combining these calculations with the imaging measurements, we reveal several key features of the coupled electronic and nuclear dynamics of DEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kawarai
- †Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1, Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
- ‡Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Th Weber
- ‡Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Y Azuma
- †Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1, Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - C Winstead
- ¶A. A. Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - V McKoy
- ¶A. A. Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - A Belkacem
- ‡Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - D S Slaughter
- ‡Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Nandi D, Prabhudesai VS, Krishnakumar E. Dissociative electron attachment to N2O using velocity slice imaging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:3955-63. [PMID: 24441524 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53696c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure and dynamics of the negative ion resonances leading to dissociative electron attachment in N2O are studied using the velocity slice imaging technique. Distinct momentum distributions are observed in the O(-) channel for the dominant resonances below 4 eV which are considerably different than those reported so far. Also the relatively weak but distinct resonances at 8.1 eV and 13.2 eV are studied for their dynamics for the first time. For each of these resonances two different channels of dissociation are observed with differing angular distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Nandi
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research - Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741252, West Bengal, India.
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