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Holzapfel K, Rades T, Leopold CS. Co-amorphous systems consisting of indomethacin and the chiral co-former tryptophan: Solid-state properties and molecular mobilities. Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122840. [PMID: 36921746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study the influence of an enantiomeric co-former and the preparation method on the solid-state properties and physical stability of co-amorphous systems were investigated. Co-amorphous systems consisting of indomethacin (IND) and chiral tryptophan (TRP) as co-former in its two enantiomeric forms, as racemate, and as conglomerate (equimolar mixture of D- and L-TRP) were prepared. Co-amorphization was achieved by ball milling (BM) and spray drying (SD). The effects of chirality and preparation method on the solid-state properties and physical stabilities of the systems were investigated by XRPD, FTIR and mDSC. Differences in the BM process were caused by the enantiomeric properties of the co-former: The IND/TRP conglomerate (IND/TRPc) turned co-amorphous after 60 min. In contrast, co-amorphization of IND/L-TRP and IND/D-TRP required 80 min of ball milling, respectively, and the co-amorphous IND/TRP racemate (IND/TRPr) was obtained only after 90 min of ball milling. Although the intermolecular interactions of the co-amorphous systems prepared by BM and SD were similar (determined by FTIR), the Tg values differed (∼87 °C for the ball milled and ∼62 °C for the spray dried systems). The physical stabilities of the ball milled co-amorphous systems varied between 3 and 11 months if stored at elevated temperature and dry conditions, with the highest stability for the IND/TRPc system and the lowest stability for the IND/TRPr system, and these differences correlated with the calculated relaxation times. In contrast, all spray dried systems were stable only for 1 month and their relaxation times were similar. It could be shown that the chirality of a co-former and the preparation method influence the solid-state properties, thermal properties and physical stability of IND/TRP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Holzapfel
- University of Hamburg, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Rades
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudia S Leopold
- University of Hamburg, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Bundesstr. 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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2
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Cao X, Sun M. Influence of the interatomic repulsive hardness on the microstructure and dynamics of CuZr metallic glasses. J Mol Model 2022; 28:265. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Petters M, Kasparoglu S. Predicting the influence of particle size on the glass transition temperature and viscosity of secondary organic material. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15170. [PMID: 32938963 PMCID: PMC7495436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols can assume liquid, amorphous semi-solid or glassy, and crystalline phase states. Particle phase state plays a critical role in understanding and predicting aerosol impacts on human health, visibility, cloud formation, and climate. Melting point depression increases with decreasing particle diameter and is predicted by the Gibbs-Thompson relationship. This work reviews existing data on the melting point depression to constrain a simple parameterization of the process. The parameter [Formula: see text] describes the degree to which particle size lowers the melting point and is found to vary between 300 and 1800 K nm for a wide range of particle compositions. The parameterization is used together with existing frameworks for modeling the temperature and RH dependence of viscosity to predict the influence of particle size on the glass transition temperature and viscosity of secondary organic aerosol formed from the oxidation of [Formula: see text]-pinene. Literature data are broadly consistent with the predictions. The model predicts a sharp decrease in viscosity for particles less than 100 nm in diameter. It is computationally efficient and suitable for inclusion in models to evaluate the potential influence of the phase change on atmospheric processes. New experimental data of the size-dependence of particle viscosity for atmospheric aerosol mimics are needed to thoroughly validate the predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Petters
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, 27695-8208, USA.
| | - Sabin Kasparoglu
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, 27695-8208, USA
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4
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Zhang Y, Nichman L, Spencer P, Jung JI, Lee A, Heffernan BK, Gold A, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Canagaratna MR, Jayne JT, Worsnop DR, Onasch TB, Surratt JD, Chandler D, Davidovits P, Kolb CE. The Cooling Rate- and Volatility-Dependent Glass-Forming Properties of Organic Aerosols Measured by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12366-12378. [PMID: 31490675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glass transitions of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from liquid/semisolid to solid phase states have important implications for aerosol reactivity, growth, and cloud formation properties. In the present study, glass transition temperatures (Tg) of isoprene SOA components, including isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide (ISOPOOH), isoprene-derived epoxydiols (IEPOX), 2-methyltetrols, and 2-methyltetrol sulfates, were measured at atmospherically relevant cooling rates (2-10 K/min) by thin film broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The results indicate that 2-methyltetrol sulfates have the highest glass transition temperature, while ISOPOOH has the lowest glass transition temperature. By varying the cooling rate of the same compound from 2 to 10 K/min, the Tg of these compounds increased by 4-5 K. This temperature difference leads to a height difference of 400-800 m in the atmosphere for the corresponding updraft induced cooling rates, assuming a hygroscopicity value (κ) of 0.1 and relative humidity less than 95%. The Tg of the organic compounds was found to be strongly correlated with volatility, and a semiempirical formula between glass transition temperatures and volatility was derived. The Gordon-Taylor equation was applied to calculate the effect of relative humidity (RH) and water content at five mixing ratios on the Tg of organic aerosols. The model shows that Tg could drop by 15-40 K as the RH changes from <5 to 90%, whereas the mixing ratio of water in the particle increases from 0 to 0.5. These results underscore the importance of chemical composition, updraft rates, and water content (RH) in determining the phase states and hygroscopic properties of organic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02459 , United States
- Aerodyne Research Inc. , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Leonid Nichman
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02459 , United States
| | - Peyton Spencer
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02459 , United States
| | - Jason I Jung
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02459 , United States
| | - Andrew Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02459 , United States
| | - Brian K Heffernan
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02459 , United States
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Yuzhi Chen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | | | - John T Jayne
- Aerodyne Research Inc. , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Aerodyne Research Inc. , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Timothy B Onasch
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02459 , United States
- Aerodyne Research Inc. , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Jason D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - David Chandler
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Paul Davidovits
- Department of Chemistry , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02459 , United States
| | - Charles E Kolb
- Aerodyne Research Inc. , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
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5
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Bilde M, Barsanti K, Booth M, Cappa CD, Donahue NM, Emanuelsson EU, McFiggans G, Krieger UK, Marcolli C, Topping D, Ziemann P, Barley M, Clegg S, Dennis-Smither B, Hallquist M, Hallquist ÅM, Khlystov A, Kulmala M, Mogensen D, Percival CJ, Pope F, Reid JP, Ribeiro da Silva MAV, Rosenoern T, Salo K, Soonsin VP, Yli-Juuti T, Prisle NL, Pagels J, Rarey J, Zardini AA, Riipinen I. Saturation Vapor Pressures and Transition Enthalpies of Low-Volatility Organic Molecules of Atmospheric Relevance: From Dicarboxylic Acids to Complex Mixtures. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4115-56. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5005502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Merete Bilde
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kelley Barsanti
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207, United States
| | | | | | - Neil M. Donahue
- Centre
for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | | | | | - Ulrich K. Krieger
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Marcolli
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Marcolli Chemistry and Physics Consulting GmbH, 8047 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul Ziemann
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | | | - Simon Clegg
- School
of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mattias Hallquist
- Atmospheric
Science, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa M. Hallquist
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, SE-411 33 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrey Khlystov
- Division
of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada 89512, United States
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ditte Mogensen
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Francis Pope
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental
Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Reid
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
| | - M. A. V. Ribeiro da Silva
- Centro
de Investigação em Química, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Thomas Rosenoern
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kent Salo
- Maritime
Environment, Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vacharaporn Pia Soonsin
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center
of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Taina Yli-Juuti
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nønne L. Prisle
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joakim Pagels
- Ergonomics & Aerosol Technology, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Juergen Rarey
- School
of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
- DDBST GmbH, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Industrial
Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro A. Zardini
- European
Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), Institute for Energy and Transport, Sustainable Transport Unit, I-21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Department
of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) and Bolin
Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Dette HP, Koop T. Glass Formation Processes in Mixed Inorganic/Organic Aerosol Particles. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:4552-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5106967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans P. Dette
- Faculty of Chemistry and
Center for Molecular Materials, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße
25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Koop
- Faculty of Chemistry and
Center for Molecular Materials, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße
25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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7
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Lienhard DM, Huisman AJ, Bones DL, Te YF, Luo BP, Krieger UK, Reid JP. Retrieving the translational diffusion coefficient of water from experiments on single levitated aerosol droplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:16677-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01939c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Bogdan A, Loerting T. Comment on “Experimental evidence for excess entropy discontinuities in glass-forming solutions” [J. Chem. Phys. 136, 074515 (2012)]. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:047101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4812929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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9
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Lienhard DM, Zobrist B, Zuend A, Krieger UK, Peter T. Response to “Comment on ‘Experimental evidence for excess entropy discontinuities in glass-forming solutions”’ [J. Chem. Phys. 139, 047101 (2013)]. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:047102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4812930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Löbmann K, Grohganz H, Laitinen R, Strachan C, Rades T. Amino acids as co-amorphous stabilizers for poorly water soluble drugs--Part 1: preparation, stability and dissolution enhancement. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:873-81. [PMID: 23537574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Poor aqueous solubility of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is one of the most pressing problems in pharmaceutical research and development because up to 90% of new API candidates under development are poorly water soluble. These drugs usually have a low and variable oral bioavailability, and therefore an unsatisfactory therapeutic effect. One of the most promising approaches to increase dissolution rate and solubility of these drugs is the conversion of a crystalline form of the drug into its respective amorphous form, usually by incorporation into hydrophilic polymers, forming glass solutions. However, this strategy only led to a small number of marketed products usually because of inadequate physical stability of the drug (crystallization). In this study, we investigated a fundamentally different approach to stabilize the amorphous form of drugs, namely the use of amino acids as small molecular weight excipients that form specific molecular interactions with the drug resulting in co-amorphous forms. The two poorly water soluble drugs carbamazepine and indomethacin were combined with amino acids from the binding sites of the biological receptors of these drugs. Mixtures of drug and the amino acids arginine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine were prepared by vibrational ball milling. Solid-state characterization with X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that the various blends could be prepared as homogeneous, single phase co-amorphous formulations indicated by the appearance of an amorphous halo in the XRPD diffractograms and a single glass transition temperature (Tg) in the DSC measurements. In addition, the Tgs of the co-amorphous mixtures were significantly increased over those of the individual drugs. The drugs remained chemically stable during the milling process and the co-amorphous formulations were generally physically stable over at least 6 months at 40 °C under dry conditions. The dissolution rate of all co-amorphous drug-amino acid mixtures was significantly increased over that of the respective crystalline and amorphous pure drugs. Amino acids thus appear as promising excipients to solve challenges connected with the stability and dissolution of amorphous drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korbinian Löbmann
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Lienhard DM, Bones DL, Zuend A, Krieger UK, Reid JP, Peter T. Measurements of Thermodynamic and Optical Properties of Selected Aqueous Organic and Organic–Inorganic Mixtures of Atmospheric Relevance. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:9954-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3055872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Lienhard
- Institute
for Atmospheric and
Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich,
Switzerland
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - David L. Bones
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Zuend
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California,
United States
| | - Ulrich K. Krieger
- Institute
for Atmospheric and
Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich,
Switzerland
| | - Jonathan P. Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Peter
- Institute
for Atmospheric and
Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich,
Switzerland
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