1
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Eickhoff L, Keßler M, Stubbs C, Derksen J, Viefhues M, Anselmetti D, Gibson MI, Hoge B, Koop T. Ice nucleation in aqueous solutions of short- and long-chain poly(vinyl alcohol) studied with a droplet microfluidics setup. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2882248. [PMID: 37093996 DOI: 10.1063/5.0136192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has ice binding and ice nucleating properties. Here, we explore the dependence of the molecular size of PVA on its ice nucleation activity. For this purpose, we studied ice nucleation in aqueous solutions of PVA samples with molar masses ranging from 370 to 145 000 g mol-1, with a particular focus on oligomer samples with low molar mass. The experiments employed a novel microfluidic setup that is a follow-up on the previous WeIzmann Supercooled Droplets Observation on a Microarray (WISDOM) design by Reicher et al. The modified setup introduced and characterized here, termed nanoliter Bielefeld Ice Nucleation ARraY (nanoBINARY), uses droplet microfluidics with droplets (96 ± 4) µm in diameter and a fluorinated continuous oil phase and surfactant. A comparison of homogeneous and heterogeneous ice nucleation data obtained with nanoBINARY to those obtained with WISDOM shows very good agreement, underpinning its ability to study low-temperature ice nucleators as well as homogeneous ice nucleation due to the low background of impurities. The experiments on aqueous PVA solutions revealed that the ice nucleation activity of shorter PVA chains strongly decreases with a decrease in molar mass. While the cumulative number of ice nucleating sites per mass nm of polymers with different molar masses is the same, it becomes smaller for oligomers and completely vanishes for dimer and monomer representatives such as 1,3-butanediol, propan-2-ol, and ethanol, most likely because these molecules become too small to effectively stabilize the critical ice embryo. Overall, our results are consistent with PVA polymers and oligomers acting as heterogeneous ice nucleators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Eickhoff
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mira Keßler
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christopher Stubbs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob Derksen
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Martina Viefhues
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dario Anselmetti
- Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Koop
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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2
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Armeli G, Peters JH, Koop T. Machine-Learning-Based Prediction of the Glass Transition Temperature of Organic Compounds Using Experimental Data. ACS Omega 2023; 8:12298-12309. [PMID: 37033862 PMCID: PMC10077449 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the glass transition temperature of molecular compounds that occur in atmospheric aerosol particles is important for estimating their viscosity, as it directly influences the kinetics of chemical reactions and particle phase state. While there is a great diversity of organic compounds present in aerosol particles, for only a minor fraction of them experimental glass transition temperatures are known. Therefore, we have developed a machine learning model designed to predict the glass transition temperature of organic molecular compounds based on molecule-derived input variables. The extremely randomized trees (extra trees) procedure was chosen for this purpose. Two approaches using different sets of input variables were followed. The first one uses the number of selected functional groups present in the compound, while the second one generates descriptors from a SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System) string. Organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and halogen atoms are included. For improved results, both approaches can be combined with the melting temperature of the compound as an additional input variable. The results show that the predictions of both approaches show a similar mean absolute error of about 12-13 K, with the SMILES-based predictions performing slightly better. In general, the model shows good predictive power considering the diversity of the experimental input data. Furthermore, we also show that its performance exceeds that of previous parameterizations developed for this purpose and also performs better than existing machine learning models. In order to provide user-friendly versions of the model for applications, we have developed a web site where the model can be run by interested scientists via a web-based interface without prior technical knowledge. We also provide Python code of the model. Additionally, all experimental input data are provided in form of the Bielefeld Molecular Organic Glasses (BIMOG) database. We believe that this model is a powerful tool for many applications in atmospheric aerosol science and material science.
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3
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Schwidetzky R, Lukas M, YazdanYar A, Kunert AT, Pöschl U, Domke KF, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Bonn M, Koop T, Nagata Y, Meister K. Specific Ion-Protein Interactions Influence Bacterial Ice Nucleation. Chemistry 2021; 27:7402-7407. [PMID: 33464680 PMCID: PMC8251952 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ice nucleation‐active bacteria are the most efficient ice nucleators known, enabling the crystallization of water at temperatures close to 0 °C, thereby overcoming the kinetically hindered phase transition process at these conditions. Using highly specialized ice‐nucleating proteins (INPs), they can cause frost damage to plants and influence the formation of clouds and precipitation in the atmosphere. In nature, the bacteria are usually found in aqueous environments containing ions. The impact of ions on bacterial ice nucleation efficiency, however, has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that ions can profoundly influence the efficiency of bacterial ice nucleators in a manner that follows the Hofmeister series. Weakly hydrated ions inhibit bacterial ice nucleation whereas strongly hydrated ions apparently facilitate ice nucleation. Surface‐specific sum‐frequency generation spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the different effects are due to specific interactions of the ions with the INPs on the surface of the bacteria. Our results demonstrate that heterogeneous ice nucleation facilitated by bacteria strongly depends upon the nature of the ions, and specific ion–protein interactions are essential for the complete description of heterogeneous ice nucleation by bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Lukas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Azade YazdanYar
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna T Kunert
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin F Domke
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Koop
- Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Yuki Nagata
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Konrad Meister
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,University of Alaska Southeast, 99801, Juneau, AK, USA
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4
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Eickhoff L, Dreischmeier K, Zipori A, Sirotinskaya V, Adar C, Reicher N, Braslavsky I, Rudich Y, Koop T. Contrasting Behavior of Antifreeze Proteins: Ice Growth Inhibitors and Ice Nucleation Promoters. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:966-972. [PMID: 30742446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several types of natural molecules interact specifically with ice crystals. Small antifreeze proteins (AFPs) adsorb to particular facets of ice crystals, thus inhibiting their growth, whereas larger ice-nucleating proteins (INPs) can trigger the formation of new ice crystals at temperatures much higher than the homogeneous ice nucleation temperature of pure water. It has been proposed that both types of proteins interact similarly with ice and that, in principle, they may be able to exhibit both functions. Here we investigated two naturally occurring antifreeze proteins, one from fish, type-III AFP, and one from beetles, TmAFP. We show that in addition to ice growth inhibition, both can also trigger ice nucleation above the homogeneous freezing temperature, providing unambiguous experimental proof for their contrasting behavior. Our analysis suggests that the predominant difference between AFPs and INPs is their molecular size, which is a very good predictor of their ice nucleation temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Eickhoff
- Bielefeld University , Faculty of Chemistry , D-33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | | | - Assaf Zipori
- The Weizmann Institute of Science , Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Vera Sirotinskaya
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Chen Adar
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Naama Reicher
- The Weizmann Institute of Science , Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Ido Braslavsky
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Yinon Rudich
- The Weizmann Institute of Science , Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Thomas Koop
- Bielefeld University , Faculty of Chemistry , D-33615 Bielefeld , Germany
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5
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Wang X, Binder K, Chen C, Koop T, Pöschl U, Su H, Cheng Y. Second inflection point of water surface tension in the deeply supercooled regime revealed by entropy anomaly and surface structure using molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:3360-3369. [PMID: 30693356 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05997g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The surface tension of supercooled water is of fundamental importance in physical chemistry and materials and atmospheric sciences. Controversy, however, exists over its temperature dependence in the supercooled regime, especially on the existence of the "second inflection point (SIP)". Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations of the SPC/E water model to study the surface tension of water (σw) as a function of temperature down to 198.15 K, and find a minimum point of surface excess entropy per unit area around ∼240-250 K. Additional simulations with the TIP4P/2005 water model also show consistent results. Hence, we predict an SIP of σw roughly in this region, at the boundary where the "no man's land" happens. The increase of surface entropy with decreasing temperature in the region below the inflection point is clearly an anomalous behavior, unknown for simple liquids. Furthermore, we find that σw has a near-linear correlation with the interfacial width, which can be well explained by the capillary wave theory. Deep in the supercooled regime, a compact water layer at the interface is detected in our simulations, which may be a key component that contributes to the deviation of surface tension from the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam relationship. Our findings may advance the understanding of the origin of the anomalous properties of liquid water in the supercooled regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Wang
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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6
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Dreischmeier K, Eickhoff L, Budke C, Koop T. Promotion of ice nucleation and inhibition of ice growth by macromolecules. Cryobiology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Dreischmeier K, Budke C, Wiehemeier L, Kottke T, Koop T. Boreal pollen contain ice-nucleating as well as ice-binding 'antifreeze' polysaccharides. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41890. [PMID: 28157236 PMCID: PMC5291224 DOI: 10.1038/srep41890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ice nucleation and growth is an important and widespread environmental process. Accordingly, nature has developed means to either promote or inhibit ice crystal formation, for example ice-nucleating proteins in bacteria or ice-binding antifreeze proteins in polar fish. Recently, it was found that birch pollen release ice-nucleating macromolecules when suspended in water. Here we show that birch pollen washing water exhibits also ice-binding properties such as ice shaping and ice recrystallization inhibition, similar to antifreeze proteins. We present spectroscopic evidence that both the ice-nucleating as well as the ice-binding molecules are polysaccharides bearing carboxylate groups. The spectra suggest that both polysaccharides consist of very similar chemical moieties, but centrifugal filtration indicates differences in molecular size: ice nucleation occurs only in the supernatant of a 100 kDa filter, while ice shaping is strongly enhanced in the filtrate. This finding may suggest that the larger ice-nucleating polysaccharides consist of clusters of the smaller ice-binding polysaccharides, or that the latter are fragments of the ice-nucleating polysaccharides. Finally, similar polysaccharides released from pine and alder pollen also display both ice-nucleating as well as ice-binding ability, suggesting a common mechanism of interaction with ice among several boreal pollen with implications for atmospheric processes and antifreeze protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dreischmeier
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Atmospheric and Physical Chemistry, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Carsten Budke
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Atmospheric and Physical Chemistry, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lars Wiehemeier
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Atmospheric and Physical Chemistry, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tilman Kottke
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Koop
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Atmospheric and Physical Chemistry, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Bielefeld University, Center for Molecular Materials, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Koop
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Benjamin J. Murray
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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9
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Dreyer A, Eckstädt K, Koop T, Jutzi P, Hütten A. Surface stabilization determines a classical versus non-classical nucleation pathway during particle formation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13041k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the bottom-up synthesis of nanoparticles, the degree of surface stabilization by the surfactant decides a classical or non-classical formation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Dreyer
- Hamburg University of Technology
- Institution Advanced Ceramics
- 21073 Hamburg
- Germany
| | - K. Eckstädt
- Bielefeld University
- Faculty of Physics
- Institution of Thin Films & Physics of Nanostructures
- Universitätsstrasse 25
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - T. Koop
- Bielefeld University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials
- Universitätsstrasse 25
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - P. Jutzi
- Bielefeld University
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Institution of Inorganic Chemistry
- Universitätsstrasse 25
- 33615 Bielefeld
| | - A. Hütten
- Bielefeld University
- Faculty of Physics
- Institution of Thin Films & Physics of Nanostructures
- Universitätsstrasse 25
- 33615 Bielefeld
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10
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Herbert RJ, Murray BJ, Dobbie SJ, Koop T. Sensitivity of liquid clouds to homogenous freezing parameterizations. Geophys Res Lett 2015; 42:1599-1605. [PMID: 26074652 PMCID: PMC4459198 DOI: 10.1002/2014gl062729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Water droplets in some clouds can supercool to temperatures where homogeneous ice nucleation becomes the dominant freezing mechanism. In many cloud resolving and mesoscale models, it is assumed that homogeneous ice nucleation in water droplets only occurs below some threshold temperature typically set at -40°C. However, laboratory measurements show that there is a finite rate of nucleation at warmer temperatures. In this study we use a parcel model with detailed microphysics to show that cloud properties can be sensitive to homogeneous ice nucleation as warm as -30°C. Thus, homogeneous ice nucleation may be more important for cloud development, precipitation rates, and key cloud radiative parameters than is often assumed. Furthermore, we show that cloud development is particularly sensitive to the temperature dependence of the nucleation rate. In order to better constrain the parameterization of homogeneous ice nucleation laboratory measurements are needed at both high (>-35°C) and low (<-38°C) temperatures. KEY POINTS Homogeneous freezing may be significant as warm as -30°CHomogeneous freezing should not be represented by a threshold approximationThere is a need for an improved parameterization of homogeneous ice nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J Herbert
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds Leeds, UK
| | | | - Steven J Dobbie
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds Leeds, UK
| | - Thomas Koop
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University Bielefeld, Germany
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans P. Dette
- Faculty of Chemistry and
Center for Molecular Materials, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße
25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Koop
- Faculty of Chemistry and
Center for Molecular Materials, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße
25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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12
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Dette HP, Qi M, Schröder DC, Godt A, Koop T. Glass-Forming Properties of 3-Methylbutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic Acid and Its Mixtures with Water and Pinonic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:7024-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp505910w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans P. Dette
- Faculty of Chemistry and ‡Center for Molecular Materials, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mian Qi
- Faculty of Chemistry and ‡Center for Molecular Materials, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - David C. Schröder
- Faculty of Chemistry and ‡Center for Molecular Materials, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Adelheid Godt
- Faculty of Chemistry and ‡Center for Molecular Materials, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Koop
- Faculty of Chemistry and ‡Center for Molecular Materials, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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13
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Adler G, Koop T, Haspel C, Taraniuk I, Moise T, Koren I, Heiblum RH, Rudich Y. Formation of highly porous aerosol particles by atmospheric freeze-drying in ice clouds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:20414-9. [PMID: 24297908 PMCID: PMC3870685 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1317209110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cycling of atmospheric aerosols through clouds can change their chemical and physical properties and thus modify how aerosols affect cloud microphysics and, subsequently, precipitation and climate. Current knowledge about aerosol processing by clouds is rather limited to chemical reactions within water droplets in warm low-altitude clouds. However, in cold high-altitude cirrus clouds and anvils of high convective clouds in the tropics and midlatitudes, humidified aerosols freeze to form ice, which upon exposure to subsaturation conditions with respect to ice can sublimate, leaving behind residual modified aerosols. This freeze-drying process can occur in various types of clouds. Here we simulate an atmospheric freeze-drying cycle of aerosols in laboratory experiments using proxies for atmospheric aerosols. We find that aerosols that contain organic material that undergo such a process can form highly porous aerosol particles with a larger diameter and a lower density than the initial homogeneous aerosol. We attribute this morphology change to phase separation upon freezing followed by a glass transition of the organic material that can preserve a porous structure after ice sublimation. A porous structure may explain the previously observed enhancement in ice nucleation efficiency of glassy organic particles. We find that highly porous aerosol particles scatter solar light less efficiently than nonporous aerosol particles. Using a combination of satellite and radiosonde data, we show that highly porous aerosol formation can readily occur in highly convective clouds, which are widespread in the tropics and midlatitudes. These observations may have implications for subsequent cloud formation cycles and aerosol albedo near cloud edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Adler
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Thomas Koop
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany; and
| | - Carynelisa Haspel
- The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ilya Taraniuk
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tamar Moise
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ilan Koren
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Reuven H. Heiblum
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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15
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Riechers B, Wittbracht F, Hütten A, Koop T. The homogeneous ice nucleation rate of water droplets produced in a microfluidic device and the role of temperature uncertainty. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:5873-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp42437e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Antifreeze glycopeptides (AFGPs) are a special class of biological antifreeze agents, which possess the property to inhibit ice growth in the body fluids of arctic and antarctic fish and, thus, enable life under these harsh conditions. AFGPs are composed of 4-55 tripeptide units -Ala-Ala-Thr- glycosylated at the threonine side chains. Despite the structural homology among all the fish species, divergence regarding the composition of the amino acids occurs in peptides from natural sources. Although AFGPs were discovered in the early 1960s, the adsorption mechanism of these macromolecules to the surface of the ice crystals has not yet been fully elucidated. Two AFGP diastereomers containing different amino acid configurations were synthesized to study the influence of amino acid stereochemistry on conformation and antifreeze activity. For this purpose, peptides containing monosaccharide-substituted allo-L- and D-threonine building blocks were assembled by solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). The retro-inverso AFGP analogue contained all amino acids in D-configuration, while the allo-L-diastereomer was composed of L-amino acids, like native AFGPs, with replacement of L-threonine by its allo-L-diastereomer. Both glycopeptides were analyzed regarding their conformational properties, by circular dichroism (CD), and their ability to inhibit ice recrystallization in microphysical experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly Nagel
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Carsten Budke
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Axel Dreyer
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Koop
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Nagel L, Budke C, Erdmann RS, Dreyer A, Wennemers H, Koop T, Sewald N. Influence of Sequential Modifications and Carbohydrate Variations in Synthetic AFGP Analogues on Conformation and Antifreeze Activity. Chemistry 2012; 18:12783-93. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Dreyer A, Ennen I, Koop T, Hütten A, Jutzi P. From nanoscale liquid spheres to anisotropic crystalline particles of tin: decomposition of decamethylstannocene in organic solvents. Small 2011; 7:3075-86. [PMID: 21932284 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Routes are presented for synthesizing nano- and mesostructured β-tin particles in the form of monocrystalline spheres, cubes, and bars, as well as polycrystalline rods and needles, by the decomposition of decamethylstannocene in organic solvents under various conditions. The formation of the observed shapes is based on the presence of liquidlike and of partly crystalline droplets. These particle stages allow structure-determining processes such as entire coalescence, oriented superficial coalescence or superficial induced crystallization. Entire coalescence and oriented superficial coalescence take place in the absence of surfactants; the superficially induced crystallization occurs in the presence of ionic additives. The observed tin morphologies depend on the competition between droplet growth and crystallization behavior. The different tin particles are investigated by electron microscopy (SEM, TEM, HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Dreyer
- Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Abstract
Organic substances can adopt an amorphous solid or semisolid state, influencing the rate of heterogeneous reactions and multiphase processes in atmospheric aerosols. Here we demonstrate how molecular diffusion in the condensed phase affects the gas uptake and chemical transformation of semisolid organic particles. Flow tube experiments show that the ozone uptake and oxidative aging of amorphous protein is kinetically limited by bulk diffusion. The reactive gas uptake exhibits a pronounced increase with relative humidity, which can be explained by a decrease of viscosity and increase of diffusivity due to hygroscopic water uptake transforming the amorphous organic matrix from a glassy to a semisolid state (moisture-induced phase transition). The reaction rate depends on the condensed phase diffusion coefficients of both the oxidant and the organic reactant molecules, which can be described by a kinetic multilayer flux model but not by the traditional resistor model approach of multiphase chemistry. The chemical lifetime of reactive compounds in atmospheric particles can increase from seconds to days as the rate of diffusion in semisolid phases can decrease by multiple orders of magnitude in response to low temperature or low relative humidity. The findings demonstrate that the occurrence and properties of amorphous semisolid phases challenge traditional views and require advanced formalisms for the description of organic particle formation and transformation in atmospheric models of aerosol effects on air quality, public health, and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Shiraiwa
- Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Ammann
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland; and
| | - Thomas Koop
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, P.O. Box 3060, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Nagel L, Plattner C, Budke C, Majer Z, DeVries AL, Berkemeier T, Koop T, Sewald N. Synthesis and characterization of natural and modified antifreeze glycopeptides: glycosylated foldamers. Amino Acids 2011; 41:719-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zobrist B, Soonsin V, Luo BP, Krieger UK, Marcolli C, Peter T, Koop T. Ultra-slow water diffusion in aqueous sucrose glasses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:3514-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Koop T, Bookhold J, Shiraiwa M, Pöschl U. Glass transition and phase state of organic compounds: dependency on molecular properties and implications for secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:19238-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22617g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Budke C, Heggemann C, Koch M, Sewald N, Koop T. Ice Recrystallization Kinetics in the Presence of Synthetic Antifreeze Glycoprotein Analogues Using the Framework of LSW Theory. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:2865-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jp805726e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Budke
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - C. Heggemann
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - M. Koch
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - N. Sewald
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - T. Koop
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Heggemann C, Budke C, Schomburg B, Majer Z, Wißbrock M, Koop T, Sewald N. Antifreeze glycopeptide analogues: microwave-enhanced synthesis and functional studies. Amino Acids 2009; 38:213-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pöschl U, Koop T. Interactive open access publishing and collaborative peer review for improved scientific communication and quality assurance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3233/isu-2008-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pöschl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Koop
- Bielefeld University, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Zobrist
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - C. Marcolli
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - T. Peter
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - T. Koop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Peter
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
The effects of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) on the Ostwald ripening of polycrystalline ice samples are studied. At -6 degrees C, ice recrystallization in sucrose solutions is inhibited at PVA concentrations down to 0.005 mg mL(-1), with a recrystallization inhibition constant of 48.9 mL mg(-1). Ice growth-habit experiments reveal molecular recognition of the arrangement of water molecules in the ice by PVA molecules, and indicate that PVA molecules adsorb to the primary and secondary prism faces of hexagonal ice, Ih. Based on these observations, together with an analysis of the O-atom pattern in ice and the conformation of OH groups in PVA, an adsorption model is proposed. We suggest that PVA segments adsorb to the primary and secondary prism faces of ice parallel to the c axis with a linear misfit parameter of only 2.7 %, most likely via multiple hydrogen bonds. The proposed adsorption mechanism is discussed in the light of recent thermal hysteresis and scanning tunneling microscopy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Budke
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Chekanov S, Derrick M, Krakauer D, Loizides JH, Magill S, Miglioranzi S, Musgrave B, Repond J, Yoshida R, Mattingly MCK, Antonioli P, Bari G, Basile M, Bellagamba L, Boscherini D, Bruni A, Bruni G, Cara Romeo G, Cifarelli L, Cindolo F, Contin A, Corradi M, De Pasquale S, Giusti P, Iacobucci G, Margiotti A, Montanari A, Nania R, Palmonari F, Pesci A, Sartorelli G, Zichichi A, Aghuzumtsyan G, Bartsch D, Brock I, Goers S, Hartmann H, Hilger E, Irrgang P, Jakob HP, Kind O, Meyer U, Paul E, Rautenberg J, Renner R, Stifutkin A, Tandler J, Voss KC, Wang M, Weber A, Bailey DS, Brook NH, Cole JE, Heath GP, Namsoo T, Robins S, Wing M, Capua M, Mastroberardino A, Schioppa M, Susinno G, Kim JY, Kim YK, Lee JH, Lim IT, Pac MY, Caldwell A, Helbich M, Liu X, Mellado B, Ning Y, Paganis S, Ren Z, Schmidke WB, Sciulli F, Chwastowski J, Eskreys A, Figiel J, Galas A, Olkiewicz K, Stopa P, Zawiejski L, Adamczyk L, Bołd T, Grabowska-Bołd I, Kisielewska D, Kowal AM, Kowal M, Kowalski T, Przybycień M, Suszycki L, Szuba D, Szuba J, Kotański A, Słomiński W, Adler V, Behrens U, Bloch I, Borras K, Chiochia V, Dannheim D, Drews G, Fourletova J, Fricke U, Geiser A, Göttlicher P, Gutsche O, Haas T, Hain W, Hillert S, Kahle B, Kötz U, Kowalski H, Kramberger G, Labes H, Lelas D, Lim H, Löhr B, Mankel R, Melzer-Pellmann IA, Nguyen CN, Notz D, Nucio-Quiroz AE, Polini A, Raval A, Rurua L, Schneekloth U, Stösslein U, Wolf G, Youngman C, Zeuner W, Schlenstedt S, Barbagli G, Gallo E, Genta C, Pelfer PG, Bamberger A, Benen A, Karstens F, Dobur D, Vlasov NN, Bell M, Bussey PJ, Doyle AT, Ferrando J, Hamilton J, Hanlon S, Saxon DH, Skillicorn IO, Gialas I, Carli T, Gosau T, Holm U, Krumnack N, Lohrmann E, Milite M, Salehi H, Schleper P, Stonjek S, Wichmann K, Wick K, Ziegler A, Ziegler A, Collins-Tooth C, Foudas C, Gonçalo R, Long KR, Tapper AD, Cloth P, Filges D, Kataoka M, Nagano K, Tokushuku K, Yamada S, Yamazaki Y, Barakbaev AN, Boos EG, Pokrovskiy NS, Zhautykov BO, Son D, Piotrzkowski K, Barreiro F, Glasman C, González O, Labarga L, del Peso J, Tassi E, Terrón J, Vázquez M, Zambrana M, Barbi M, Corriveau F, Gliga S, Lainesse J, Padhi S, Stairs DG, Walsh R, Tsurugai T, Antonov A, Danilov P, Dolgoshein BA, Gladkov D, Sosnovtsev V, Suchkov S, Dementiev RK, Ermolov PF, Golubkov YA, Katkov II, Khein LA, Korzhavina IA, Kuzmin VA, Levchenko BB, Lukina OY, Proskuryakov AS, Shcheglova LM, Zotkin SA, Coppola N, Grijpink S, Koffeman E, Kooijman P, Maddox E, Pellegrino A, Schagen S, Tiecke H, Velthuis JJ, Wiggers L, de Wolf E, Brümmer N, Bylsma B, Durkin LS, Ling TY, Cooper-Sarkar AM, Cottrell A, Devenish RCE, Foster B, Grzelak G, Gwenlan C, Patel S, Straub PB, Walczak R, Bertolin A, Brugnera R, Carlin R, Dal Corso F, Dusini S, Garfagnini A, Limentani S, Longhin A, Parenti A, Posocco M, Stanco L, Turcato M, Heaphy EA, Metlica F, Oh BY, Whitmore JJ, Iga Y, D’Agostini G, Marini G, Nigro A, Cormack C, Hart JC, McCubbin NA, Heusch C, Park IH, Pavel N, Abramowicz H, Gabareen A, Kananov S, Kreisel A, Levy A, Kuze M, Fusayasu T, Kagawa S, Kohno T, Tawara T, Yamashita T, Hamatsu R, Hirose T, Inuzuka M, Kaji H, Kitamura S, Matsuzawa K, Ferrero MI, Monaco V, Sacchi R, Solano A, Arneodo M, Ruspa M, Koop T, Martin JF, Mirea A, Butterworth JM, Hall-Wilton R, Jones TW, Lightwood MS, Sutton MR, Targett-Adams C, Ciborowski J, Ciesielski R, Łużniak P, Nowak RJ, Pawlak JM, Sztuk J, Tymieniecka T, Ukleja A, Ukleja J, Żarnecki AF, Adamus M, Plucinski P, Eisenberg Y, Gladilin LK, Hochman D, Karshon U, Riveline M, Kçira D, Lammers S, Li L, Reeder DD, Rosin M, Savin AA, Smith WH, Deshpande A, Dhawan S, Bhadra S, Catterall CD, Fourletov S, Hartner G, Menary S, Soares M, Standage J. Erratum: Bottom photoproduction measured using decays into muons in dijet events inepcollisions ats=318 GeV[Phys. Rev. D70, 012008 (2004)]. Int J Clin Exp Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.74.059906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Knopf DA, Luo BP, Krieger UK, Koop T. Reply to “Comment on the ‘Thermodynamic Dissociation Constant of the Bisulfate Ion from Raman and Ion Interaction Modeling Studies of Aqueous Sulfuric Acid at Low Temperatures'”. J Phys Chem A 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/jp040300t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Knopf
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Honggerberg HPP, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B. P. Luo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Honggerberg HPP, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U. K. Krieger
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Honggerberg HPP, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Koop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Honggerberg HPP, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Knopf DA, Luo BP, Krieger UK, Koop T. Thermodynamic Dissociation Constant of the Bisulfate Ion from Raman and Ion Interaction Modeling Studies of Aqueous Sulfuric Acid at Low Temperatures. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp027775+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chekanov S, Derrick M, Krakauer D, Magill S, Musgrave B, Pellegrino A, Repond J, Yoshida R, Mattingly MCK, Antonioli P, Bari G, Basile M, Bellagamba L, Boscherini D, Bruni A, Bruni G, Romeo GC, Cifarelli L, Cindolo F, Contin A, Corradi M, De Pasquale S, Giusti P, Iacobucci G, Levi G, Margotti A, Massam T, Nania R, Palmonari F, Pesci A, Sartorelli G, Zichichi A, Aghuzumtsyan G, Brock I, Goers S, Hartmann H, Hilger E, Irrgang P, Jakob HP, Kappes A, Katz UF, Kerger R, Kind O, Paul E, Rautenberg J, Schnurbusch H, Stifutkin A, Tandler J, Voss KC, Weber A, Wieber H, Bailey DS, Brook NH, Cole JE, Foster B, Heath GP, Heath HF, Robins S, Rodrigues E, Scott J, Tapper RJ, Wing M, Capua M, Mastroberardino A, Schioppa M, Susinno G, Jeoung HY, Kim JY, Lee JH, Lim IT, Ma KJ, Pac MY, Caldwell A, Helbich M, Liu W, Liu X, Mellado B, Paganis S, Sampson S, Schmidke WB, Sciulli F, Chwastowski J, Eskreys A, Figiel J, Klimek K, Olkiewicz K, Przybycień MB, Stopa P, Zawiejski L, Bednarek B, Grabowska-Bold I, Jeleń K, Kisielewska D, Kowal AM, Kowal M, Kowalski T, Mindur B, Przybycień M, Rulikowska-Zarȩbska E, Suszycki L, Szuba D, Szuba J, Kotański A, Bauerdick LAT, Behrens U, Borras K, Chiochia V, Crittenden J, Dannheim D, Desler K, Drews G, Fox-Murphy A, Fricke U, Geiser A, Goebel F, Göttlicher P, Graciani R, Haas T, Hain W, Hartner GF, Hebbel K, Hillert S, Koch W, Kötz U, Kowalski H, Labes H, Löhr B, Mankel R, Martens J, Martínez M, Milite M, Moritz M, Notz D, Petrucci MC, Polini A, Schneekloth U, Selonke F, Stonjek S, Wolf G, Wollmer U, Whitmore JJ, Wichmann R, Youngman C, Zeuner W, Coldewey C, Viani ALD, Meyer A, Schlenstedt S, Barbagli G, Gallo E, Pelfer PG, Bamberger A, Benen A, Coppola N, Markun P, Raach H, Wölfle S, Bell M, Bussey PJ, Doyle AT, Glasman C, Lee SW, Lupi A, McCance GJ, Saxon DH, Skillicorn IO, Bodmann B, Gendner N, Holm U, Salehi H, Wick K, Yildirim A, Ziegler A, Carli T, Garfagnini A, Gialas I, Lohrmann E, Foudas C, Gonçalo R, Long KR, Metlica F, Miller DB, Tapper AD, Walker R, Cloth P, Filges D, Kuze M, Nagano K, Tokushuku K, Yamada S, Yamazaki Y, Barakbaev AN, Boos EG, Pokrovskiy NS, Zhautykov BO, Ahn SH, Lee SB, Park SK, Lim H, Son D, Barreiro F, García G, González O, Labarga L, del Peso J, Redondo I, Terrón J, Vázquez M, Barbi M, Bertolin A, Corriveau F, Ochs A, Padhi S, Stairs DG, Tsurugai T, Antonov A, Bashkirov V, Danilov P, Dolgoshein BA, Gladkov D, Sosnovtsev V, Suchkov S, Dementiev RK, Ermolov PF, Golubkov YA, Katkov II, Khein LA, Korotkova NA, Korzhavina IA, Kuzmin VA, Levchenko BB, Lukina OY, Proskuryakov AS, Shcheglova LM, Solomin AN, Vlasov NN, Zotkin SA, Bokel C, Engelen J, Grijpink S, Maddox E, Koffeman E, Kooijman P, Schagen S, Tassi E, Tiecke H, Tuning N, Velthuis JJ, Wiggers L, de Wolf E, Brümmer N, Bylsma B, Durkin LS, Gilmore J, Ginsburg CM, Kim CL, Ling TY, Boogert S, Cooper-Sarkar AM, Devenish RCE, Ferrando J, Große-Knetter J, Matsushita T, Rigby M, Ruske O, Sutton MR, Walczak R, Brugnera R, Carlin R, Corso FD, Dusini S, Limentani S, Longhin A, Parenti A, Posocco M, Stanco L, Turcato M, Adamczyk L, Iannotti L, Oh BY, Saull PRB, Toothacker WS, Iga Y, D’Agostini G, Marini G, Nigro A, Cormack C, Hart JC, McCubbin NA, Epperson D, Heusch C, Sadrozinski H, Seiden A, Williams DC, Park IH, Pavel N, Abramowicz H, Dagan S, Gabareen A, Kananov S, Kreisel A, Levy A, Abe T, Fusayasu T, Kohno T, Umemori K, Yamashita T, Hamatsu R, Hirose T, Inuzuka M, Kitamura S, Matsuzawa K, Nishimura T, Arneodo M, Cartiglia N, Cirio R, Costa M, Ferrero MI, Maselli S, Monaco V, Peroni C, Ruspa M, Sacchi R, Solano A, Staiano A, Bailey DC, Fagerstroem CP, Galea R, Koop T, Levman GM, Martin JF, Mirea A, Sabetfakhri A, Butterworth JM, Gwenlan C, Hall-Wilton R, Hayes ME, Heaphy EA, Jones TW, Lane JB, Lightwood MS, West BJ, Ciborowski J, Ciesielski R, Grzelak G, Nowak RJ, Pawlak JM, Smalska B, Tymieniecka T, Ukleja A, Ukleja J, Zakrzewski JA, Żarnecki AF, Adamus M, Plucinski P, Sztuk J, Eisenberg Y, Gladilin LK, Hochman D, Karshon U, Breitweg J, Chapin D, Cross R, Kçira D, Lammers S, Reeder DD, Savin AA, Smith WH, Deshpande A, Dhawan S, Hughes VW, Straub PB, Bhadra S, Catterall CD, Frisken WR, Khakzad M, Menary S. Properties of hadronic final states in diffractive deep inelasticepscattering at DESY HERA. Int J Clin Exp Med 2002. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.65.052001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Zuberi B, Bertram AK, Koop T, Molina LT, Molina MJ. Heterogeneous Freezing of Aqueous Particles Induced by Crystallized (NH4)2SO4, Ice, and Letovicite. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010094e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Zuberi
- Departments of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Allan K. Bertram
- Departments of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Thomas Koop
- Departments of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Luisa T. Molina
- Departments of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Mario J. Molina
- Departments of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Koop T, Kapilashrami A, Molina LT, Molina MJ. Phase transitions of sea-salt/water mixtures at low temperatures: Implications for ozone chemistry in the polar marine boundary layer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan K. Bertram
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Thomas Koop
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Luisa T. Molina
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Mario J. Molina
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Koop
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Allan K. Bertram
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Luisa T. Molina
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Mario J. Molina
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences and of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Söderström T, Svensson H, Koop T, Möller KO. Processing of laser-Doppler signals from free flaps. Technol Health Care 1999; 7:219-23. [PMID: 10463310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
As conventional graphical laser-Doppler flowmetric (LDF) registrations from free flaps are difficult to interpret we explored the use of refined computerized signal processing to enhance the reliability of the blood flow supervision postoperatively. From eleven free flaps LDF data were collected using a software programme and a personal computer for analysis. Findings were compared with the clinical outcome. Nine flaps healed whereas one had wound problems and one suffered a partial necrosis. From the nine uneventful flaps, a peak within the range of frequencies from 0.04 to 0.23 Hz was seen. In the remaining two, such a low frequency peak could hardly be observed. Frequency analysis using computerized processing of LDF signals thus has the capacity to demonstrate the status of the flap perfusion. The slow wave vasomotion component seems to be of particular importance. Other frequency components warrant further investigation. A custom made monitoring device would be of great clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Söderström
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, Sweden
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yau A. Chang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Thomas Koop
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Luisa T. Molina
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Mario J. Molina
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Koop T, Möller KO, Schierhuber T, Hohlbach G. [Multi-thread application for multi-channel signal processing and interpretation for laser Doppler flowmetry]. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 1998; 43 Suppl:102-3. [PMID: 9859278 DOI: 10.1515/bmte.1998.43.s1.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Koop
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Chirurgische Universitätsklinik, Marienhospital Herne, Arbeitsgruppe Biomedizinische Forschung, Lübeck
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Koop T, Möller KO, Csiki Z, Szegedi G, Hohlbach G. [Determination of group classification of Raynaud patients by discriminance analysis of laser Doppler signals]. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 1998; 43 Suppl:270-1. [PMID: 9859356 DOI: 10.1515/bmte.1998.43.s1.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Koop
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Chirurgische Universitätsklinik, Marienhospital Herne, Arbeitsgruppe Biomedizinische Forschung, Lübeck
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Koop T, Ng HP, Molina LT, Molina MJ. A New Optical Technique to Study Aerosol Phase Transitions: The Nucleation of Ice from H2SO4 Aerosols. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9828078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Koop
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Huey P. Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Luisa T. Molina
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Mario J. Molina
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Litscher G, Möller KO, Ratzenhofer-Komenda B, Schwarz G, Koop T, Kovac H. Laser doppler flowmetry in the hyperbaric environment. Lasers Med Sci 1997; 12:342-6. [PMID: 20803274 DOI: 10.1007/bf02767157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/1996] [Revised: 05/10/1997] [Accepted: 06/16/1997] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of laser Doppler (LD) flowmetry was performed in eight healthy volunteers (mean age 42.0 + 12.1 yr; range 25-62 yr) before, during and after hyperbaric oxygenation ([HBO at 2.5 and 1.95 ATA (atmosphere absolute)]).Two models of the discrimination analysis are presented which allow classification, resulting from the parameter obtained by the LD flowmetry.The results show that 100% separation of the LD data under HBO at 2.5 and 1.95 ATA including five parameters can be achieved with the first model. The second model for the analysis of four different phases with eight parameters still shows an obvious separation; however, only 75% of the group integration is correct. In addition to transcutaneous P(2) measurements, which are sometimes difficult to obtain perfectly, LD parameters will be of interest to manage HBO treatment, especially when peripheral circulation is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Litscher
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Research Group of Biomedical Engineering, Auenbruggerplatz, 29, A8036, Graz, Austria
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Litscher G, Möller KO, Stollberger R, Schwarz G, Fuchs G, Baumgartner A, Leber K, Koop T, Ascher PW. [Laser Doppler data analysis during interstitial laser thermotherapy with magnetic resonance control within the scope of an animal experiment study]. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 1997; 42:93-6. [PMID: 9235116 DOI: 10.1515/bmte.1997.42.4.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate, using laser Doppler (LD) flowmetry, the phases immediately prior to and following experimental, neurosurgical laser therapy in animals. Two statistical models obtained on the basis of discriminant analysis are described. These models should enable the user to classify the sets of parameters calculated from the LD signals. With both models which contain 3 and 5 parameters, respectively. 100% discrimination of the two phases was attained. The usefulness of the models could be validated by results obtained with other models.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Litscher
- AG Biomedizinische Technik, Univ.-Klinik für Anäesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin Graz
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Koop T, Luo B, Biermann UM, Crutzen PJ, Peter T. Freezing of HNO3/H2SO4/H2O Solutions at Stratospheric Temperatures: Nucleation Statistics and Experiments. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9626531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Koop
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Postfach 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
| | - Beiping Luo
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Postfach 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
| | - Uta M. Biermann
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Postfach 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul J. Crutzen
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Postfach 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Peter
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Postfach 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
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Abstract
Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are important for the chemical activation of chlorine compounds and subsequent ozone depletion. Solid PSCs can form on sulfuric acid tetrahydrate (SAT) (H2SO4·4H2O) nuclei, but recent laboratory experiments have shown that PSC nucleation on SAT is strongly hindered. A PSC formation mechanism is proposed in which SAT particles melt upon cooling in the presence of HNO3 to form liquid HNO3-H2SO4-H2O droplets 2 to 3 kelvin above the ice frost point. This mechanism offers a PSC formation temperature that is defined by the ambient conditions and sets a temperature limit below which PSCs should form.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Koop
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Postfach 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
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