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Meng L, Liu S, Qin Q, Zeng B, Luo Z, Chi C. Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy of heteronuclear group 15 metal-iron carbonyl cluster anions A mFe(CO) n- (A = Sb, Bi; m, n = 2, 3). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12668-12678. [PMID: 34036991 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00583a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heteronuclear group 15 metal-iron carbonyl cluster complexes of AmFe(CO)n- (A = Sb, Bi; m, n = 2-3) were generated in the gas phase and studied by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the carbonyl stretching region. Their structures were determined by comparing the experimental spectra with predicted spectra derived from DFT calculations at the B3LYP and BP86 levels. All of the AmFe(CO)n- cluster anions were determined to have Fe(CO)n- fragments with all of the CO ligands terminally bonded to the iron center, and they can be regarded as being formed via the interactions of the neutral group 15 metal clusters with the Fe(CO)n- fragments. Bonding analyses indicated that each A2Fe(CO)n- (n = 2, 3) cluster anion contained two A-Fe single bonds and one A-A double bond. Each A3Fe(CO)n- (n = 2, 3) cluster anion involved three A-Fe single bonds and three A-A single bonds. There is an isolobal relationship between the Fe(CO)3- group and the group 15 atoms. The substitution of an Fe(CO)3- group in place of one A atom in the tetrahedral A4 molecule resulted in an A3Fe(CO)3- cluster anion with the closed-shell electronic configuration for all the group 15 metals and iron atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Meng
- School of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
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Cheng L. A study of non-iterative triples contributions in relativistic equation-of-motion coupled-cluster calculations using an exact two-component Hamiltonian with atomic mean-field spin-orbit integrals: Application to uranyl and other heavy-element compounds. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:104103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5113796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Asthana A, Liu J, Cheng L. Exact two-component equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles method using atomic mean-field spin-orbit integrals. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:074102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5081715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayush Asthana
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Junzi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Li G, Chen X, Yang H, Xu B, Yang B, Liu D. The Density Functional Theory Investigation on the Structural, Relative Stable and Electronic Properties of Bimetallic PbnSbn (n = 2–12) Clusters. J CLUST SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-018-1450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Jones RO, Ahlstedt O, Akola J, Ropo M. Density functional study of structure and dynamics in liquid antimony and Sb n clusters. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:194502. [PMID: 28527440 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Density functional/molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on liquid antimony (588 atoms and six temperatures between 600 K and 1300 K) and on neutral Sb clusters with up to 14 atoms. We study structural patterns (coordination numbers, bond angles, and ring patterns, structure factors, pair distribution functions) and dynamical properties (vibration frequencies, diffusion constants, power spectra, dynamical structure factors, viscosity) and compare with available experimental results and with the results of our previous simulations on Bi. Three short covalent bonds characteristic of pnictogens are common in the clusters, and higher temperatures lead in the liquid to broader bond angle distributions, larger total cavity volumes, and weaker correlations between neighboring bond lengths. There are clear similarities between the properties of Sb and Bi aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Jones
- Peter Grünberg Institut PGI-1 and JARA/HPC, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - O Ahlstedt
- Laboratory of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - J Akola
- Laboratory of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - M Ropo
- Laboratory of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael D. Morse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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Abstract
A system of additive covalent radii is proposed for sigma(2) pi(4) triple bonds involving elements from Be to E 112 (eka-mercury). Borderline cases with weak multiple bonding are included. Only the elements in Group 1, the elements Zn-Hg in Group 12 and Ne in Group 18 are then totally excluded. Gaps are left at late actinides and some lanthanides. The standard deviation for the 324 included data points is 3.2 pm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Pyykkö
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Zhao Y, Xu W, Li Q, Xie Y, Schaefer HF. The arsenic clusters Asn (n = 1-5) and their anions: Structures, thermochemistry, and electron affinities. J Comput Chem 2004; 25:907-20. [PMID: 15027104 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The molecular structures, electron affinities, and dissociation energies of the As(n)/As(-) (n) (n = 1-5) species have been examined using six density functional theory (DFT) methods. The basis set used in this work is of double-zeta plus polarization quality with additional diffuse s- and p-type functions, denoted DZP++. These methods have been carefully calibrated (Chem Rev 2002, 102, 231) for the prediction of electron affinities. The geometries are fully optimized with each DFT method independently. Three different types of the neutral-anion energy separations reported in this work are the adiabatic electron affinity (EA(ad)), the vertical electron affinity (EA(vert)), and the vertical detachment energy (VDE). The first dissociation energies D(e)(As(n-1)-As) for the neutral As(n) species, as well as those D(e)(As(-) (n-1)-As) and D(e) (As(n-1)-As(-)) for the anionic As(-) (n) species, have also been reported. The most reliable adiabatic electron affinities, obtained at the DZP++ BLYP level of theory, are 0.90 (As), 0.74 (As(2)), 1.30 (As(3)), 0.49 (As(4)), and 3.03 eV (As(5)), respectively. These EA(ad) values for As, As(2), and As(4) are in good agreement with experiment (average absolute error 0.09 eV), but that for As(3) is a bit smaller than the experimental value (1.45 +/- 0.03 eV). The first dissociation energies for the neutral arsenic clusters predicted by the B3LYP method are 3.93 eV (As(2)), 2.04 eV (As(3)), 3.88 eV (As(4)), and 1.49 eV (As(5)). Compared with the available experimental dissociation energies for the neutral clusters, the theoretical predictions are excellent. Two dissociation limits are possible for the arsenic cluster anions. The atomic arsenic results are 3.91 eV (As(-) (2) --> As(-) + As), 2.46 eV (As(-) (3) --> As(-) (2) + As), 3.14 eV (As(-) (4) --> As(-) (3) + As), and 4.01 eV (As(-) (5) --> As(-) (4) + As). For dissociation to neutral arsenic clusters, the predicted dissociation energies are 2.43 eV (As(-) (3) --> As(2) + As(-)), 3.53 eV (As(-) (4) --> As(3) + As(-)), and 3.67 eV (As(-) (5) --> As(4) + As(-)). For the vibrational frequencies of the As(n) series, the BP86 and B3LYP methods produce good results compared with the limited experiments, so the other predictions with these methods should be reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
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Kuznetsov AE, Zhai HJ, Wang LS, Boldyrev AI. Peculiar antiaromatic inorganic molecules of tetrapnictogen in Na+Pn4- (Pn = P, As, Sb) and important consequences for hydrocarbons. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:6062-70. [PMID: 12425634 DOI: 10.1021/ic020426+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although aromaticity has been observed in inorganic and all-metal species, the concept of antiaromaticity has not been extended beyond organic molecules. Here, we present theoretical and experimental evidence that the 6 -electron tetrapnictogen dianions in Na+Pn42- (Pn = P, As, Sb) undergo a transition from being aromatic to antiaromatic upon electron detachment, yielding the first inorganic antiaromatic Na+Pn4- molecules. Two types of antiaromatic structures were characterized, the conventional rectangular species and a new peculiar quasiplanar rhombus species. Aromaticity and antiaromaticity in the tetrapnictogen molecules were derived from molecular orbital analyses and verified by experimental photodetachment spectra of Na+Pn42-. On the basis of our findings for the tetrapnictogen clusters, we predicted computationally that the organic C4H4- anion also possesses two antiaromatic structures: rectangular and rhombus. Moreover, only the rhombus antiaromatic minimum was found for the radical NC3H4, thus extending the peculiar rhombus antiaromatic structure first uncovered in inorganic clusters into organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey E Kuznetsov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA
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Zhai HJ, Wang LS, Kuznetsov AE, Boldyrev AI. Probing the Electronic Structure and Aromaticity of Pentapnictogen Cluster Anions Pn5- (Pn = P, As, Sb, and Bi) Using Photoelectron Spectroscopy and ab Initio Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020115k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Choi H, Park C, Baeck KK. Ab Initio Study of the Geometries and Vibrational Properties of the Low-Lying Electronic States of Neutral and Anionic M3 (M = P, As, Sb, and Bi): The Photoelectron Spectroscopy of the Anions. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020325x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heechol Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Kangnung National University, Kangnung, 210-702 Korea
| | - Chungmin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Kangnung National University, Kangnung, 210-702 Korea
| | - Kyoung K. Baeck
- Department of Chemistry, Kangnung National University, Kangnung, 210-702 Korea
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Rienstra-Kiracofe JC, Tschumper GS, Schaefer HF, Nandi S, Ellison GB. Atomic and molecular electron affinities: photoelectron experiments and theoretical computations. Chem Rev 2002; 102:231-82. [PMID: 11782134 DOI: 10.1021/cr990044u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 847] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kaiser B, Bernhardt TM, Kinne M, Rademann K, Heidenreich A. Formation, stability, and structures of antimony oxide cluster ions. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lippa TP, Xu SJ, Lyapustina SA, Nilles JM, Bowen KH. Photoelectron spectroscopy of As−, As2−, As3−, As4−, and As5−. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Nakajima A, Hayase T, Hayakawa F, Kaya K. Study on iron–sulfur cluster in gas phase: electronic structure and reactivity. Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)01162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gausa M, Kaschner R, Seifert G, Faehrmann JH, Lutz HO, Meiwes‐Broer K. Photoelectron investigations and density functional calculations of anionic Sbn− and Bin− clusters. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.471733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Zhang N, Hayase T, Kawamata H, Nakao K, Nakajima A, Kaya K. Photoelectron spectroscopy of iron–sulfur cluster anions. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.471048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Jones RO, Ganteför G, Hunsicker S, Pieperhoff P. Structure and spectroscopy of phosphorus cluster anions: Theory (simulated annealing) and experiment (photoelectron detachment). J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.469969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Boesl U, Weinkauf R, Weickhardt C, Schlag E. Laser ion sources for time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(93)03890-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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