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Fischer I, Pratt ST. Photoelectron spectroscopy in molecular physical chemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1944-1959. [PMID: 35023533 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04984d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectron spectroscopy has long been a powerful method in the toolbox of experimental physical chemistry and molecular physics. Recent improvements in coincidence methods, charged-particle imaging, and electron energy resolution have greatly expanded the variety of environments in which photoelectron spectroscopy can be applied, as well as the range of questions that can now be addressed. In this Perspectives Article, we focus on selected recent studies that highlight these advances and research areas. The topics include reactive intermediates and new thermochemical data, high-resolution comparisons of experiment and theory using methods based on pulsed-field ionisation (PFI), and the application of photoelectron spectroscopy as an analytical tool to monitor chemical reactions in complex environments, like model flames, catalytic or high-temperature reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Stephen T Pratt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
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2
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Reusch E, Kaiser D, Schleier D, Buschmann R, Krueger A, Hermann T, Engels B, Fischer I, Hemberger P. Pentadiynylidene and Its Methyl-Substituted Derivates: Threshold Photoelectron Spectroscopy of R 1-C 5-R 2 Triplet Carbon Chains. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2008-2017. [PMID: 30776230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mass-selective threshold photoelectron spectroscopy in the gas phase was employed to characterize the dialkynyl triplet carbenes pentadiynylidene (HC5H), methylpentadiynylidene (MeC5H), and dimethylpentadiynylidene (MeC5Me). Diazo compounds were employed as precursors to generate the carbenes by flash pyrolysis. The R1-C5-R2 carbon chains were photoionized by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) synchrotron radiation in photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) experiments. High-level ab initio computations were carried out to support the interpretation of the experiments. For the unsubstituted pentadiynylidene (R1 = R2 = H) the recorded spectrum yields an adiabatic ionization energy (IEad) of 8.36 ± 0.03 eV. In addition, a second carbene isomer, 3-(didehydrovinylidene)cyclopropene, with a singlet electronic ground state, was identified in the spectrum based on the IEad of 8.60 ± 0.03 eV and Franck-Condon simulations. We found that multireference computations are required to reliably calculate the IEad for this molecule. CASPT2 computations predicted an IEad = 8.55 eV, while coupled-cluster computations significantly overestimate the IE. The cyclic isomer is most likely formed from another isomer of the precursor present in the sample. Stepwise methyl-substitution of the carbene leads to a reduction of the IE to 7.77 ± 0.04 eV for methylpentadiynylidene and 7.27 ± 0.06 eV for dimethylpentadiynylidene. The photoionization and dissociative photoionization of the precursors is investigated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engelbert Reusch
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland D-97074 , Germany
| | - Dustin Kaiser
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland D-97074 , Germany
| | - Domenik Schleier
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland D-97074 , Germany
| | - Rachel Buschmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland D-97074 , Germany
| | - Anke Krueger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland D-97074 , Germany
| | - Thomas Hermann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland D-97074 , Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland D-97074 , Germany
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland D-97074 , Germany
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Femtochemistry and Synchrotron Radiation , Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) , CH-5232 Villigen , Switzerland
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3
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Wu XK, Tang XF, Zhou XG, Liu SL. Dissociation dynamics of energy-selected ions using threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence velocity imaging. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp1811257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-kun Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao-feng Tang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiao-guo Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shi-lin Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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4
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Dyke JM. Photoionization studies of reactive intermediates using synchrotron radiation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9106-9136. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00623k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoionization with synchrotron radiation enables sensitive and selective monitoring of reactive intermediates in environments such as flames and plasmas.
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Gerlach M, Bodi A, Hemberger P. Metamorphic meta isomer: carbon dioxide and ketenes are formed via retro-Diels–Alder reactions in the decomposition of meta-benzenediol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19480-19487. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03519b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deoxygenation of the lignin model compound resorcinol was investigated using VUV synchrotron radiation: Formation of two reactive ketenes and decarboxylation are the dominating pathways, much different from the other two benzenediol isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Gerlach
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- CH-5234 Villigen PSI
- Switzerland
| | - Andras Bodi
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- CH-5234 Villigen PSI
- Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry
- Paul Scherrer Institute
- CH-5234 Villigen PSI
- Switzerland
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6
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de Medeiros VC, de Andrade RB, P. Rodrigues G, Bauerfeldt GF, Ventura E, Barbatti M, do Monte SA. Photochemistry of CF3Cl: Quenching of Charged Fragments Is Caused by Nonadiabatic Effects. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:4844-4855. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa C. de Medeiros
- Departamento de Química, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58.059-900, Brazil
| | - Railton B. de Andrade
- Departamento de Química, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58.059-900, Brazil
| | - Gessenildo P. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Química, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58.059-900, Brazil
| | - Glauco F. Bauerfeldt
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, UFRRJ, Pavilhão Roberto Alvahydo (PQ), sala 44. km 7, Rodovia Br 465, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Elizete Ventura
- Departamento de Química, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58.059-900, Brazil
| | | | - Silmar A. do Monte
- Departamento de Química, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58.059-900, Brazil
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7
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Wu X, Tang G, Zhang H, Zhou X, Liu S, Liu F, Sheng L, Yan B. Cl-Loss dynamics in the dissociative photoionization of CF3Cl with threshold photoelectron–photoion coincidence imaging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:4917-4925. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07502b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cl-loss dynamics in the dissociative photoionization of CF3Cl was investigated in the photon energy range of 12.30–18.50 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Guoqiang Tang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Hanhui Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Shilin Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Fuyi Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Liusi Sheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
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8
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Pertot Y, Schmidt C, Matthews M, Chauvet A, Huppert M, Svoboda V, von Conta A, Tehlar A, Baykusheva D, Wolf JP, Wörner HJ. Time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy with a water window high-harmonic source. Science 2017; 355:264-267. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aah6114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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9
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Tang X, Garcia GA, Gil JF, Nahon L. Vacuum upgrade and enhanced performances of the double imaging electron/ion coincidence end-station at the vacuum ultraviolet beamline DESIRS. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:123108. [PMID: 26724007 DOI: 10.1063/1.4937624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report here the recent upgrade of the SAPHIRS permanent photoionization end-station at the DESIRS vacuum ultraviolet beamline of synchrotron SOLEIL, whose performances have been enhanced by installing an additional double-skimmer differential chamber. The smaller molecular beam profile obtained at the interaction region has increased the mass resolution of the double imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence (i(2)PEPICO) spectrometer, DELICIOUS III, installed in the photoionization chamber of the SAPHIRS endstation, by a factor of two, to M/ΔM ∼ 1700 (FWHM). The electron kinetic energy resolution offered by the velocity map imaging (VMI) part of the spectrometer has been improved down to 2.8% (ΔE/E) as we show on the N2 photoionization case in the double skimmer configuration. As a representative example of the overall state-of-the-art i(2)PEPICO performances, experimental results of the dissociation of state-selected O2(+)(B(2)∑(g)(-), v(+) = 0-6) molecular ions performed at the fixed photon energy of hν = 21.1 eV are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Tang
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Gustavo A Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jean-François Gil
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
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Krüger J, Garcia GA, Felsmann D, Moshammer K, Lackner A, Brockhinke A, Nahon L, Kohse-Höinghaus K. Photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy for multiplexed detection of intermediate species in a flame. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:22791-804. [PMID: 25237782 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02857k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complex reactive processes in the gas phase often proceed via numerous reaction steps and intermediate species that must be identified and quantified to develop an understanding of the reaction pathways and establish suitable reaction mechanisms. Here, photoelectron-photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy has been applied to analyse combustion intermediates present in a premixed fuel-rich (ϕ = 1.7) ethene-oxygen flame diluted with 25% argon, burning at a reduced pressure of 40 mbar. For the first time, multiplexing fixed-photon-energy PEPICO measurements were demonstrated in a chemically complex reactive system such as a flame in comparison with the scanning "threshold" TPEPICO approach used in recent pioneering combustion investigations. The technique presented here is capable of detecting and identifying multiple species by their cations' vibronic fingerprints, including radicals and pairs or triplets of isomers, from a single time-efficient measurement at a selected fixed photon energy. Vibrational structures for these species have been obtained in very good agreement with scanning-mode threshold photoelectron spectra taken under the same conditions. From such spectra, the temperature in the ionisation volume was determined. Exemplary analysis of species profiles and mole fraction ratios for isomers shows favourable agreement with results obtained by more common electron ionisation and photoionisation mass spectrometry experiments. It is expected that the multiplexing fixed-photon-energy PEPICO technique can contribute effectively to the analysis of chemical reactivity and kinetics in and beyond combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krüger
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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11
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Garcia GA, Tang X, Gil JF, Nahon L, Ward M, Batut S, Fittschen C, Taatjes CA, Osborn DL, Loison JC. Synchrotron-based double imaging photoelectron/photoion coincidence spectroscopy of radicals produced in a flow tube: OH and OD. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:164201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4918634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A. Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jean-François Gil
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Michael Ward
- PC2A, Université de Lille 1, UMR CNRS-USTL 8522, Cité Scientifique Bât. C11, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Sebastien Batut
- PC2A, Université de Lille 1, UMR CNRS-USTL 8522, Cité Scientifique Bât. C11, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Christa Fittschen
- PC2A, Université de Lille 1, UMR CNRS-USTL 8522, Cité Scientifique Bât. C11, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Craig A. Taatjes
- Combustion Research Facility, Mail Stop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, USA
| | - David L. Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility, Mail Stop 9055, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Loison
- ISM, Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
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Holzmeier F, Lang M, Fischer I, Hemberger P, Garcia GA, Tang X, Loison JC. Assignment of high-lying bending mode levels in the threshold photoelectron spectrum of NH2: a comparison between pyrolysis and fluorine-atom abstraction radical sources. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:19507-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02964c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The bending mode progression in the photoelectron spectrum of NH2 was observed and assigned up to υ2+ ≤ 5 and Ka+ ≤ 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Holzmeier
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- D-97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - M. Lang
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- D-97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - I. Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Würzburg
- D-97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - P. Hemberger
- Molecular Dynamics Group
- Paul Scherrer Institut CH-5232 Villigen
- Switzerland
| | | | - X. Tang
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- 91192 Gif sur Yvette
- France
| | - J.-C. Loison
- ISM
- Université Bordeaux 1
- CNRS
- 33405 Talence Cedex
- France
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Lang M, Holzmeier F, Fischer I, Hemberger P. Decomposition of diazomeldrum's acid: a threshold photoelectron spectroscopy study. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:11235-43. [PMID: 25369422 DOI: 10.1021/jp509324w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of meldrum's acid are known precursors for a number of reactive intermediates. Therefore, we investigate diazomeldrum's acid (DMA) and its pyrolysis products by photoionization using vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) synchrotron radiation. The threshold photoelectron spectrum of DMA yields an ionization energy (IE) of 9.68 eV. Several channels for dissociative photoionization are observed. The first one is associated with loss of CH3, leading to a daughter ion with m/z = 155. Its appearance energy AE0K was determined to be 10.65 eV by fitting the experimental data using statistical theory. A second parallel channel leads to m/z = 69, corresponding to N2CHCO, with an AE0K of 10.72 eV. Several other channels open up at higher energy, among them the formation of acetone cation, a channel expected to be the result of a Wolff-rearrangement (WR) in the cation. When diazomeldrum's acid is heated in a pyrolysis reactor, three thermal decomposition pathways are observed. The major one is well-known and yields acetone, N2 and CO as consequence of the WR. However, two further channels were identified: The formation of 2-diazoethenone, NNCCO, together with acetone and CO2 as the second channel and E-formylketene (OCCHCHCO), propyne, N2 and O2 as a third one. 2-Diazoethenone and E-formylketene were identified based on their threshold photoelectron spectra and accurate ionization energies could be determined. Ionization energies for several isomers of both molecules were also computed. One of the key findings of this study is that acetone is observed upon decomposition of DMA in the neutral as well as in the ion and both point to a Wolff rearrangement to occur. However, the ion is subject to other decomposition channels favored at lower internal energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Lang
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Improved Ionization Energies for the Two Isomers of Phenylpropargyl Radical. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:3489-92. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Garcia GA, Cunha de Miranda BK, Tia M, Daly S, Nahon L. DELICIOUS III: a multipurpose double imaging particle coincidence spectrometer for gas phase vacuum ultraviolet photodynamics studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:053112. [PMID: 23742537 DOI: 10.1063/1.4807751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a versatile double imaging particle coincidence spectrometer operating in fully continuous mode, named DELICIOUS III, which combines a velocity map imaging device and a modified Wiley-McLaren time of flight momentum imaging analyzer for photoelectrons and photoions, respectively. The spectrometer is installed in a permanent endstation on the DESIRS vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) beamline at the French National Synchrotron Radiation Facility SOLEIL, and is dedicated to gas phase VUV spectroscopy, photoionization, and molecular dynamics studies. DELICIOUS III is capable of recording mass-selected threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence spectra with a sub-meV resolution, and the addition of a magnifying lens inside the electron drift tube provides a sizeable improvement of the electron threshold/ion mass resolution compromise. In fast electron mode the ultimate kinetic energy resolution has been measured at ΔE/E = 4%. The ion spectrometer offers a mass resolution--full separation of adjacent masses--of 250 amu for moderate extraction fields and the addition of an electrostatic lens in the second acceleration region allows measuring the full 3D velocity vector for a given mass with an ultimate energy resolution of ΔE/E = 15%, without sacrificing the mass resolution. Hence, photoelectron images are correlated both to the mass and to the ion kinetic energy and recoil direction, to access the electron spectroscopy of size-selected species, to study the photodissociation processes of state-selected cations in detail, or to measure in certain cases photoelectron angular distributions in the ion recoil frame. The performances of DELICIOUS III are explored through several examples including the photoionization of N2, NO, and CF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, St. Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France.
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Tang X, Zhou X, Wu M, Gao Z, Liu S, Liu F, Shan X, Sheng L. Dissociation limit and dissociation dynamic of CF4+: Application of threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence velocity imaging. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:094306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4792368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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