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Desmedt E, Serrano Gimenez L, De Vleeschouwer F, Alonso M. Application of Inverse Design Approaches to the Discovery of Nonlinear Optical Switches. Molecules 2023; 28:7371. [PMID: 37959795 PMCID: PMC10647741 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular switches, in which a stimulus induces a large and reversible change in molecular properties, are of significant interest in the domain of photonics. Due to their commutable redox states with distinct nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, hexaphyrins have emerged as a novel platform for multistate switches in nanoelectronics. In this study, we employ an inverse design algorithm to find functionalized 26R→28R redox switches with maximal βHRS contrast. We focus on the role of core modifications, since a synergistic effect with meso-substitutions was recently found for the 30R-based switch. In contrast to these findings, the inverse design optima and subsequent database analysis of 26R-based switches confirm that core modifications are generally not favored when high NLO contrasts are targeted. Moreover, while push-pull combinations enhance the NLO contrast for both redox switches, they prefer a different arrangement in terms of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing functional groups. Finally, we aim at designing a three-state 26R→28R→ 30R switch with a similar NLO response for both ON states. Even though our best-performing three-state switch follows the design rules of the 30R-based component, our chemical compound space plots show that well-performing three-state switches can be found in regions shared by high-responsive 26R and 30R structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Freija De Vleeschouwer
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (E.D.); (L.S.G.)
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (E.D.); (L.S.G.)
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2
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Desmedt E, Smets D, Woller T, Alonso M, De Vleeschouwer F. Designing hexaphyrins for high-potential NLO switches: the synergy of core-modifications and meso-substitutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37162298 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01240a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the enormous size of the chemical compound space, usually only small regions are traversed with traditional direct molecular design approaches making the discovery for novel functionalized molecules for nonlinear optical applications challenging. By applying inverse molecular design algorithms, we aim to efficiently explore larger regions of the compound space in search of promising hexaphyrin-based molecular switches as measured by their first-hyperpolarizability (βHRS) contrast. We focus on the 28R → 30R switch with a functionalization pattern allowing for centrosymmetric OFF states yielding zero βHRS response. This switch is particularly challenging as full meso-substitution with a single type of functional group or core-modifications result in almost no contrast enhancement. We carried out four inverse design procedures during which two sets of core-modifications and three sets of meso-substitutions sites were systematically optimized. All 4 optimal switches are characterized by a mix of meso-substitutions and core-modifications, of which the best performing switch yields a 10-fold improvement over the parent macrocycle. Throughout the inverse design procedures, we collected and analyzed a database biased towards high NLO contrasts that contains 277 different patterns for hexaphyrin-based switches. We derived three design rules to obtain highly functional 28R → 30R NLO switches: (I) a combination of 2 strong EWG and 1 EDG group is the ideal recipe for increasing the NLO contrast, though their position also plays an important role. (II) The type of core-modification is less important when only the diagonal positions are core-modified. Switches with 4 core-modifications show a clear preference for oxygen. (III) Keeping centrosymmetry in the OFF state remains highly beneficial given the investigated functionalization pattern. Finally, we have demonstrated that combining meso-substitutions with core-modifications can synergistically improve the NLO contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Desmedt
- Department of General Chemistry Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium.
| | - David Smets
- Department of General Chemistry Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium.
| | - Tatiana Woller
- Department of General Chemistry Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium.
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Department of General Chemistry Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium.
| | - Freija De Vleeschouwer
- Department of General Chemistry Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium.
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3
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Hua S, Wang X, Liu Z, Lu T, Zhao M. Effects of external field wavelength and solvation on the photophysical property and optical nonlinearity of 1,3-thiazolium-5-thiolates mesoionic compound. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 289:122227. [PMID: 36542919 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The photophysical property and optical nonlinearity of an electronic push-pull mesoionic compound, 2-(4-trifluoromethophenyl)-3-methyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-thiolate, were theoretically investigated with a reliable computing strategy. The essence of the optical properties were then explored through a variety of wavefunction analysis methods, including the natural transition orbital analysis, hole-electron analysis, (hyper)polarizability density analysis, decomposition of the (hyper)polarizability contribution, and (hyper)polarizability tensor analysis, at the level of electronic structure. The influences of the electric field and solvation on the absorption spectrum and (hyper)polarizability of the molecule are highlighted and clarified. The results are expected to provide guidance for people to understand the effects of external field wavelength and solvation on the optical properties of mesoscopic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugui Hua
- College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Functional Molecules, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 210013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tian Lu
- Beijing Kein Research Center for Natural Sciences, Beijing 100022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengdi Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
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4
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Casademont-Reig I, Woller T, García V, Contreras-García J, Tiznado W, Torrent-Sucarrat M, Matito E, Alonso M. Quest for the Most Aromatic Pathway in Charged Expanded Porphyrins. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202264. [PMID: 36194440 PMCID: PMC10099525 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Despite the central role of aromaticity in the chemistry of expanded porphyrins, the evaluation of aromaticity remains difficult for these extended macrocycles. The presence of multiple conjugation pathways and different planar and nonplanar π-conjugation topologies makes the quantification of global and local aromaticity even more challenging. In neutral expanded porphyrins, the predominance of the aromatic conjugation pathway passing through the imine-type nitrogens and circumventing the amino NH groups is established. However, for charged macrocycles, the question about the main conjugation circuit remains open. Accordingly, different conjugation pathways in a set of neutral, anionic, and cationic expanded porphyrins were investigated by means of several aromaticity indices rooted in the structural, magnetic, and electronic criteria. Overall, our results reveal the predominance of the conjugation pathway that passes through all nitrogen atoms to describe the aromaticity of deprotonated expanded porphyrins, while the outer pathway through the perimeter carbon atoms becomes the most aromatic in protonated macrocycles. In nonplanar and charged macrocycles, a discrepancy between electronic and magnetic descriptors is observed. Nevertheless, our work demonstrates AVmin remains the best tool to determine the main conjugation pathway of expanded porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Casademont-Reig
- Department of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Woller
- Department of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique (LCT), Sorbonne Université, place Jussieu 4, 75052, Paris, France
| | - Victor García
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 498, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento Académico de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química e Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Julia Contreras-García
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique (LCT), Sorbonne Université, place Jussieu 4, 75052, Paris, France
| | - William Tiznado
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 498, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miquel Torrent-Sucarrat
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry I, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Eduard Matito
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Department of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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5
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Li B, Shen H, Deng M, Gu FL. Second-Order Nonlinear Optics Response of the Boron-Dipyrromethenes-Based Mislinked Expanded Porphyrins: Revealing the Role of the -BF 2 Group. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:412-418. [PMID: 34989589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, the mislinked expanded porphyrins singly (labeled A) and doubly (labeled B) neo-confused [22]smaragdyrin, the boron-dipyrromethenes-based mislinked expanded porphyrins singly (labeled C) and doubly (labeled D) neo-confused [22]smaragdyrin, where both C and D include a -BF2 group, are chosen to serve as the study objects, and theoretical calculations are carried out to study the role of the -BF2 group in the second-order nonlinear optics (NLO) behaviors. Results highlighted that the -BF2 group plays an important role for the second-order behaviors in mislinked expanded porphyrins; namely, embedding the -BF2 group well enhanced the hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) value {βHRS(0;0,0)}, C{βHRS(0;0,0)}A{βHRS(0;0,0)} = 2.0 and D{βHRS(0;0,0)}B{βHRS(0;0,0)} = 2.9, main owning to the fact that installing -BF2 increases the electron delocalization degree and decreases the excited energy of the crucial excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hujun Shen
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550018, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingsen Deng
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550018, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
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6
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Desmedt E, Woller T, Teunissen JL, De Vleeschouwer F, Alonso M. Fine-Tuning of Nonlinear Optical Contrasts of Hexaphyrin-Based Molecular Switches Using Inverse Design. Front Chem 2021; 9:786036. [PMID: 34926405 PMCID: PMC8677951 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.786036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for new nonlinear optical (NLO) switching devices, expanded porphyrins have emerged as ideal candidates thanks to their tunable chemical and photophysical properties. Introducing meso-substituents to these macrocycles is a successful strategy to enhance the NLO contrasts. Despite its potential, the influence of meso-substitution on their structural and geometrical properties has been scarcely investigated. In this work, we pursue to grasp the underlying pivotal concepts for the fine-tuning of the NLO contrasts of hexaphyrin-based molecular switches, with a particular focus on the first hyperpolarizability related to the hyper-Rayleigh scattering (βHRS). Building further on these concepts, we also aim to develop a rational design protocol. Starting from the (un)substituted hexaphyrins with various π-conjugation topologies and redox states, structure-property relationships are established linking aromaticity, photophysical properties and βHRS responses. Ultimately, inverse molecular design using the best-first search algorithm is applied on the most favorable switches with the aim to further explore the combinatorial chemical compound space of meso-substituted hexaphyrins in search of high-contrast NLO switches. Two definitions of the figure-of-merit of the switch performance were used as target objectives in the optimization problem. Several meso-substitution patterns and their underlying characteristics are identified, uncovering molecular symmetry and the electronic nature of the substituents as the key players for fine-tuning the βHRS values and NLO contrasts of hexaphyrin-based switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Desmedt
- General Chemistry - Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Woller
- General Chemistry - Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jos L Teunissen
- General Chemistry - Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Freija De Vleeschouwer
- General Chemistry - Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- General Chemistry - Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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7
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Liu Z, Tian Z, Lu T, Hua S. Theoretical Framework of 1,3-Thiazolium-5-Thiolates Mesoionic Compounds: Exploring the Nature of Photophysical Property and Molecular Nonlinearity. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5563-5569. [PMID: 32539391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by a previous experimental study on the first-order hyperpolarizabilities of 1,3-thiazolium-5-thiolates mesoionic compounds using the hyper-Rayleigh scattering technique, we theoretically investigated the UV-vis absorption spectra and every-order polarizabilities of these mesoionic molecules. Based on the fact that the photophysical and nonlinear properties observed in the experiment can be perfectly replicated, our theoretical calculations explored the essential characteristics of the optical properties of the mesoionic compounds with different electron-donating groups at the level of electronic structures through various wave function analysis methods. The influence of the electron-donating ability of the donor on the optical properties of the molecules and the contribution of the mesoionic ring moiety to their optical nonlinearity are clarified, which have not been reported by any research so far. This work will help people understand the nature of optical properties of mesoionic-based molecules and provide guidance for the rational design of molecules with excellent photoelectric performance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Tian
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Lu
- Beijing Kein Research Center for Natural Sciences, Beijing 100022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shugui Hua
- College of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Functional Molecules, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 210013, People's Republic of China
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8
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Abegão LMG, Santos FA, Fonseca RD, Barreiros ALBS, Barreiros ML, Alves PB, Costa EV, Souza GB, Alencar MARC, Mendonça CR, Kamada K, De Boni L, Rodrigues JJ. Chalcone-based molecules: Experimental and theoretical studies on the two-photon absorption and molecular first hyperpolarizability. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 227:117772. [PMID: 31707018 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Five chalcone-based molecules denominated by C-3 ((E)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one), C-4 ((E)-1,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one), C-5 ((E)-1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one), C-6 ((E)-3-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one) and C-7 ((E)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(naphthalen-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one) were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt reaction in solution of NaOH in water/ethanol 2:1. The aldehydes used were benzaldehyde, anisaldehyde, and β-naphthaldehyde, while the used ketones were acetophenone, p-methoxyacetophenone, and 3,4-methylenedioxyacetophenone. Z-scan and hyper-Rayleigh scattering techniques were used to study the nonlinear optical properties of these compounds in dichloromethane medium. By using Z-scan technique with femtosecond pulses, two-photon absorption cross-sections (σTPA) were determined, while the first molecular electronic hyperpolarizabilities (βHRS) were evaluated by the hyper-Rayleigh scattering technique, with picosecond pulses. From the recorded two-photon absorption spectra, it was identified that compound C-7 presented the highest σTPA, regarding the HOMO-LUMO transition, with a value of 40 GM, while C-6 achieved the lowest value for the same transition with 13 GM. Concerning the values of the first molecular hyperpolarizability, compound C-4 presented the highest value, 38 × 10-30 cm4 statvolt-1, while C-3 presented the lowest βHRS value of about 16 × 10-30 cm4 statvolt-1. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations were used to simulate the one- and two-photon absorption spectra, as well to predict the theoretical value of βHRS in dichloromethane and vacuum medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M G Abegão
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Francisco A Santos
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Ruben D Fonseca
- Universidad Popular del Cesar, Departamento de Fisica, Barrio Sabana, 2000004 Valledupar, Cesar, Colombia; Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - André L B S Barreiros
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Marizeth L Barreiros
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Péricles B Alves
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Emmanoel V Costa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 69077-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Gabriella B Souza
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Márcio A R C Alencar
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Cleber R Mendonça
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Kenji Kamada
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Leonardo De Boni
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Joatan Rodrigues
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
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9
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Woller T, Geerlings P, De Proft F, Champagne B, Alonso M. Aromaticity as a Guiding Concept for Spectroscopic Features and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Porphyrinoids. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061333. [PMID: 29865191 PMCID: PMC6100263 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With their versatile molecular topology and aromaticity, porphyrinoid systems combine remarkable chemistry with interesting photophysical properties and nonlinear optical properties. Hence, the field of application of porphyrinoids is very broad ranging from near-infrared dyes to opto-electronic materials. From previous experimental studies, aromaticity emerges as an important concept in determining the photophysical properties and two-photon absorption cross sections of porphyrinoids. Despite a considerable number of studies on porphyrinoids, few investigate the relationship between aromaticity, UV/vis absorption spectra and nonlinear properties. To assess such structure-property relationships, we performed a computational study focusing on a series of Hückel porphyrinoids to: (i) assess their (anti)aromatic character; (ii) determine the fingerprints of aromaticity on the UV/vis spectra; (iii) evaluate the role of aromaticity on the NLO properties. Using an extensive set of aromaticity descriptors based on energetic, magnetic, structural, reactivity and electronic criteria, the aromaticity of [4n+2] π-electron porphyrinoids was evidenced as was the antiaromaticity for [4n] π-electron systems. In agreement with previous studies, the absorption spectra of aromatic systems display more intense B and Q bands in comparison to their antiaromatic homologues. The nature of these absorption bands was analyzed in detail in terms of polarization, intensity, splitting and composition. Finally, quantities such as the average polarizability and its anisotropy were found to be larger in aromatic systems, whereas first and second hyperpolarizability are influenced by the interplay between aromaticity, planarity and molecular symmetry. To conclude, aromaticity dictates the photophysical properties in porphyrinoids, whereas it is not the only factor determining the magnitude of NLO properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Woller
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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10
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Stuyver T, Perrin M, Geerlings P, De Proft F, Alonso M. Conductance Switching in Expanded Porphyrins through Aromaticity and Topology Changes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1313-1326. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Stuyver
- Department
of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mickael Perrin
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg
1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Department
of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Department
of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Department
of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Casademont-Reig I, Woller T, Contreras-García J, Alonso M, Torrent-Sucarrat M, Matito E. New electron delocalization tools to describe the aromaticity in porphyrinoids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2787-2796. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07581b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There are several possible pathways in the macrocycle of large porphyrinoids and, among aromaticity indices, only AVminis capable of recognizing the most aromatic one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Casademont-Reig
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU)
- and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- P.K. 1072
- 20080 Donostia
| | - Tatiana Woller
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC). Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- Pleinlaan 2
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Julia Contreras-García
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris
- UMR 7616 Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique
- CNRS
- UMR 7616
- Paris
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC). Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- Pleinlaan 2
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Miquel Torrent-Sucarrat
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU)
- and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- P.K. 1072
- 20080 Donostia
| | - Eduard Matito
- Kimika Fakultatea
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU)
- and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- P.K. 1072
- 20080 Donostia
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12
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Torrent-Sucarrat M, Navarro S, Cossío FP, Anglada JM, Luis JM. Relevance of the DFT method to study expanded porphyrins with different topologies. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:2819-2828. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Torrent-Sucarrat
- Department of Organic Chemistry I; Universidad del País Vasco - Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 3; San Sebastian Donostia 20018 Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4; San Sebastián/Donostia 20018 Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro, 3, 6°; Bilbao 48013 Spain
| | - Sara Navarro
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona; Girona Catalonia E-17071 Spain
| | - Fernando P. Cossío
- Department of Organic Chemistry I; Universidad del País Vasco - Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 3; San Sebastian Donostia 20018 Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea 4; San Sebastián/Donostia 20018 Spain
| | - Josep M. Anglada
- Departament de Química Biològica i Modelització Molecular; Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona 18; Barcelona E-08034 Spain
| | - Josep M. Luis
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona; Girona Catalonia E-17071 Spain
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13
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The novel link between planar möbius aromatic and third order nonlinear optical properties of metal-bridged polycyclic complexes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10182. [PMID: 28860567 PMCID: PMC5579294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal–bridged polcyclic aromatic complexes, exhibiting unusual optical effects such as near-infrared photoluminescence with particularly large Stokes shifts, long lifetimes and aggregation enhancement, have been established as unique “carbonloong chemistry”. Herein, the electronic structures, aromaticities, absorption spectra and third order nonlinear optical (NLO) responses of metal–bridged polcyclic aromatic complexes (M = Fe, Re, Os and Ir) are investigated using the density functional theory computations. It is found that the bridge–head metal can stabilize and influence rings, thus creating π–, σ– and metalla–aromaticity in an extended, π–conjugated framework. Interestingly, metal radius greatly influence the bond, aromaticity, liner and third order NLO properties, which reveals useful information to develop new applications of metal regulatory mechanism in NLO materials field. Significantly, the novel relationship between the aromaticity and third order NLO response has firstly been proposed, that the metal-bridged polycyclic complex with larger aromaticity will exhibit larger third order nonlinear optical response. It is our expectation that the novel link between aromaticity and NLO response could provide valuable information for scientists to develop the potential NLO materials on the basis of metal–bridged polycyclic complexes.
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14
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Islam N, Lone IH. Computational Studies on Optoelectronic and Nonlinear Properties of Octaphyrin Derivatives. Front Chem 2017; 5:11. [PMID: 28321394 PMCID: PMC5338300 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of octaphyrin derivatives were studied by employing the DFT/TDFT at CAM-B3LYP/6-311++G (2d, 2p) level of the theory. Thiophene, phenyl, methyl and cyano moieties were substituted on the molecular framework of octaphyrin core, in order to observe the change in optoelectronic and nonlinear response of these systems. The frontier molecular orbital studies and values of electron affinity reveals that the studied compounds are stable against the oxygen and moisture present in air. The calculated ionization energies, adiabatic electron affinity and reorganization energy values indicate that octaphyrin derivatives can be employed as effective n-type material for Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). This character shows an enhancement with the introduction of an electron withdrawing group in the octaphyrin framework. The polarizability and hyperpolarizability values of octaphyrin derivatives demonstrate that they are good candidates for NLO devices. The nonlinear response of these systems shows enhancement on the introduction of electron donating groups on octaphyrin moiety. However, these claims needs further experimental verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasarul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, India
| | - Irfan H Lone
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College Kupwara, India
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15
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Yang M, Ding W, Wang D. Characterization of the binding of six actinyls AnO22+/+(An = U/Np/Pu) with three expanded porphyrins by density functional theory. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj01615d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxasapphyrin has stronger binding affinity than amethyrin and grandephyrin in complexation with six hydrated actinyl cations, AnO2(H2O)52+/+(An = U/Np/Pu).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Dongqi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Techniques
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
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16
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Tanaka T, Osuka A. Chemistry of meso-Aryl-Substituted Expanded Porphyrins: Aromaticity and Molecular Twist. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2584-2640. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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17
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Sun G, Lei E, Liu XS, Yu CH, Duan XX, Liu CG. Theoretical investigation of structure diversity and electronic properties in the series isomeric [26]hexaphyrin (1.1.1.1.1.1) and [28]hexaphyrin (1.1.1.1.1.1). COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Woller T, Ramos-Berdullas N, Mandado M, Alonso M, de Proft F, Contreras-García J. Understanding conductivity in molecular switches: a real space approach in octaphyrins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11829-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07411h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, expanded porphyrins have emerged as a promising class of π-conjugated switches whose conductance is studied from the electron density.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Woller
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
- Sorbonne Universités
| | | | - M. Mandado
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Vigo
- 36310 Vigo
- Spain
| | - M. Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - F. de Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
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19
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Woller T, Contreras-García J, Geerlings P, De Proft F, Alonso M. Understanding the molecular switching properties of octaphyrins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11885-900. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07413d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Triggering Hückel–Möbius topological and aromaticity switches in octaphyrins by protonation and redox reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Woller
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - J. Contreras-García
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- UMR 7616
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique
- Paris
| | - P. Geerlings
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - M. Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
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20
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Li X, Ren H, Yang X, Song J. Exploring the chemical bonding, infrared and UV-vis absorption spectra of OH radicals adsorption on the smallest fullerene. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 144:258-265. [PMID: 25766372 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the density-functional theory calculations were performed on C20 hydroxylated fullerene. B3LYP functionals with 6-31G(d,p) basis set were utilized to gain insight into the bonding characters and intramolecular interactions of hydroxyl groups adsorbed on the cage. Interestingly, we observed that the C20 cage has the bonding patterns with spherical orbitals configuration [1S(2)1P(6)1D(10)1F(2)], and the adsorbed hydroxyl groups significantly affect the chemical bonding of the cage surface. Analysis of vertical electron affinities and vertical ionization potentials indicates that the polyhydroxylated derivative with eight hydroxyl groups is more stable than others. The intramolecular interaction of these derivatives considered here reveals that the more the hydroxyl groups in derivatives, the stronger the interaction in stabilizing structures. On the basis of theoretical studies, the hydroxyl groups largely enhance the infrared intensities, especially for the polyhydroxylated derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Li
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
| | - Hongjiang Ren
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
| | - Jing Song
- The Key Laboratory for Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing in Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi Province, PR China
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21
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Kaur T, Khan TK, Ravikanth M. Multi-Expanded Porphyrin Assemblies on Cyclophosphazene Scaffolds. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Schaller GR, Topić F, Rissanen K, Okamoto Y, Shen J, Herges R. Design and synthesis of the first triply twisted Möbius annulene. Nat Chem 2014; 6:608-13. [PMID: 24950331 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
As long as 50 years ago theoretical calculations predicted that Möbius annulenes with only one π surface and one edge would exhibit peculiar electronic properties and violate the Hückel rules. Numerous synthetic attempts notwithstanding, the first singly twisted Möbius annulene was not prepared until 2003. Here we present a general, rational strategy to synthesize triply or even more highly twisted cyclic π systems. We apply this strategy to the preparation of a triply twisted [24]dehydroannulene, the structure of which was confirmed by X-ray analysis. Our strategy is based on the topological transformation of 'twist' into 'writhe'. The advantage is twofold: the product exhibits a lower degree of strain and precursors can be designed that inherently include the writhe, which, after cyclization, ends up in the Möbius product. With our strategy, triply twisted systems are easier to prepare than their singly twisted counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaston R Schaller
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Filip Topić
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Yoshio Okamoto
- Nagoya University, 1E Miyahigashi-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-0804, Japan
| | - Jun Shen
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Rainer Herges
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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23
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Marcos E, Anglada JM, Torrent-Sucarrat M. Effect of the Meso-Substituent in the Hückel-to-Möbius Topological Switches. J Org Chem 2014; 79:5036-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500569p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Marcos
- Departament
de Química Biològica i Modelització Molecular, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC−CSIC), c/Jordi
Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Josep M. Anglada
- Departament
de Química Biològica i Modelització Molecular, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC−CSIC), c/Jordi
Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Torrent-Sucarrat
- Departament
de Química Biològica i Modelització Molecular, Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC−CSIC), c/Jordi
Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Alonso M, Geerlings P, . De Proft F. Exploring the structure–aromaticity relationship in Hückel and Möbius N-fused pentaphyrins using DFT. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:14396-407. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55509g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fine-tuning of the molecular topology and macrocyclic aromaticity of N-fused pentaphyrins by changing the number of π electrons and meso-substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P. Geerlings
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - F . De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Bulik IW, Zaleśny R, Bartkowiak W, Luis JM, Kirtman B, Scuseria GE, Avramopoulos A, Reis H, Papadopoulos MG. Performance of density functional theory in computing nonresonant vibrational (hyper)polarizabilities. J Comput Chem 2013; 34:1775-84. [PMID: 23677638 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A set of exchange-correlation functionals, including BLYP, PBE0, B3LYP, BHandHLYP, CAM-B3LYP, LC-BLYP, and HSE, has been used to determine static and dynamic nonresonant (nuclear relaxation) vibrational (hyper)polarizabilities for a series of all-trans polymethineimine (PMI) oligomers containing up to eight monomer units. These functionals are assessed against reference values obtained using the Møller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory (MP2) and CCSD methods. For the smallest oligomer, CCSD(T) calculations confirm the choice of MP2 and CCSD as appropriate for assessing the density functionals. By and large, CAM-B3LYP is the most successful, because it is best for the nuclear relaxation contribution to the static linear polarizability, intensity-dependent refractive index second hyperpolarizability, static second hyperpolarizability, and is close to the best for the electro-optical Pockels effect first hyperpolarizability. However, none of the functionals perform satisfactorily for all the vibrational (hyper)polarizabilities studied. In fact, in the case of electric field-induced second harmonic generation all of them, as well as the Hartree-Fock approximation, yield the wrong sign. We have also found that the Pople 6-31+G(d) basis set is unreliable for computing nuclear relaxation (hyper)polarizabilities of PMI oligomers due to the spurious prediction of a nonplanar equilibrium geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz W Bulik
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
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26
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Alonso M, Geerlings P, De Proft F. Conformational Control in [22]- and [24]Pentaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1) by Meso Substituents and their N-Fusion Reaction. J Org Chem 2013; 78:4419-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4003823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels,
Belgium
| | - Paul Geerlings
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels,
Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels,
Belgium
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