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Wang B, He L, He Y, Zhang Y, Shao R, Lan P, Lu P. All-optical measurement of high-order fractional molecular echoes by high-order harmonic generation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:30172-30181. [PMID: 31684267 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An all-optical measurement of high-order fractional molecular echoes is demonstrated by using high-order harmonic generation (HHG). Excited by a pair of time-delayed short laser pulses, the signatures of full and high order fractional (1/2 and 1/3) alignment echoes are observed in the HHG signals measured from CO 2 molecules at various time delays of the probe pulse. By increasing the time delay of the pump pulses, much higher order fractional (1/4) alignment echo is also observed in N 2O molecules. With an analytic model based on the impulsive approximation, the spatiotemporal dynamics of the echo process are retrieved from the experiment. Compared to the typical molecular alignment revivals, high-order fractional molecular echoes are demonstrated to dephase more rapidly, which will open a new route towards the ultrashort-time measurement. The proposed HHG method paves an efficient way for accessing the high-order fractional echoes in molecules.
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2
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Zhang H, Lavorel B, Billard F, Hartmann JM, Hertz E, Faucher O, Ma J, Wu J, Gershnabel E, Prior Y, Averbukh IS. Rotational Echoes as a Tool for Investigating Ultrafast Collisional Dynamics of Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:193401. [PMID: 31144959 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.193401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We show that recently discovered rotational echoes of molecules provide an efficient tool for studying collisional molecular dynamics in high-pressure gases. Our study demonstrates that rotational echoes enable the observation of extremely fast collisional dissipation, at timescales of the order of a few picoseconds, and possibly shorter. The decay of the rotational alignment echoes in CO_{2} gas and CO_{2}-He mixture up to 50 bar was studied experimentally, delivering collision rates that are in good agreement with the theoretical expectations. The suggested measurement protocol may be used in other high-density media, and potentially in liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - B Lavorel
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - F Billard
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - J-M Hartmann
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/IPSL, CNRS, École polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - E Hertz
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - O Faucher
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Junyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Erez Gershnabel
- AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yehiam Prior
- AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ilya Sh Averbukh
- AMOS and Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Hartmann JM, Boulet C, Zhang H, Billard F, Faucher O, Lavorel B. Collisional dissipation of the laser-induced alignment of ethane gas: Energy corrected sudden quantum model. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:214305. [PMID: 30525727 DOI: 10.1063/1.5053963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the first quantum mechanical model of the collisional dissipation of the alignment of a gas of symmetric-top molecules (ethane) impulsively induced by a linearly polarized non-resonant laser field. The approach is based on use of the Bloch model and of the Markov and secular approximations in which the effects of collisions are taken into account through the state-to-state rates associated with exchanges among the various rotational states. These rates are constructed using the Energy Corrected Sudden (ECS) approximation with (a few) input parameters obtained independently from fits of the pressure-broadening coefficients of ethane absorption lines. Based on knowledge of the laser pulse characteristics and on these rates, the time-dependent equation driving the evolution of the density matrix during and after the laser pulse is solved and the time dependence of the so-called "alignment factor" is computed. Comparisons with measurements, free of any adjusted parameter, show that the proposed approach leads to good agreement with measurements. The analysis of the ECS state-to-state collisional rates demonstrates that, as in the case of linear molecules, collision-induced changes of the rotational angular momentum orientation are slower than those of its magnitude. This explains why the collisional decay of the permanent component of the alignment is significantly slower than that of the amplitudes of the transient revivals in both experimental and computed results. It is also shown that, since intermolecular forces within C2H6 colliding pairs weakly depend on rotations of the molecules around their C-C bond, the dissipation mechanism of the alignment in pure ethane is close to that involved in linear molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Hartmann
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/IPSL, CNRS, École polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - C Boulet
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - H Zhang
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), UMR 6303 CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 9 Ave. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - F Billard
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), UMR 6303 CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 9 Ave. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - O Faucher
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), UMR 6303 CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 9 Ave. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - B Lavorel
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), UMR 6303 CNRS, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 9 Ave. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
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Hartmann JM, Boulet C, Zhang H, Billard F, Faucher O, Lavorel B. Collisional dissipation of the laser-induced alignment of ethane gas: A requantized classical model. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:154301. [PMID: 30342447 DOI: 10.1063/1.5046899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the first theoretical study of collisional dissipation of the alignment of a symmetric-top molecule (ethane gas) impulsively induced by a linearly polarized non-resonant laser field. For this, Classical Molecular Dynamics Simulations (CMDSs) are carried out for an ensemble of C2H6 molecules based on knowledge of the laser-pulse characteristics and on an input intermolecular potential. These provide, for a given gas pressure and initial temperature, the orientations of all molecules at all times from which the alignment factor is directly obtained. Comparisons with measurements show that these CMDSs well predict the permanent alignment induced by the laser pulse and its decay with time but, as expected, fail in generating alignment revivals. However, it is shown that introducing a simple requantization procedure in the CMDS "creates" these revivals and that their predicted dissipation decay agrees very well with measured values. The calculations also confirm that, as for linear molecules, the permanent alignment of ethane decays more slowly than the transient revivals. The influence of the intermolecular potential is studied as well as that of the degree of freedom associated with the molecular rotation around the symmetry axis. This reveals that ethane practically behaves as a linear molecule because the intermolecular potential is only weakly sensitive to rotation around the C-C axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Hartmann
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/IPSL, CNRS, École polytechnique, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - C Boulet
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - H Zhang
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), UMR 6303 CNRS-Université, Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 9 Ave. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - F Billard
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), UMR 6303 CNRS-Université, Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 9 Ave. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - O Faucher
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), UMR 6303 CNRS-Université, Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 9 Ave. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - B Lavorel
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), UMR 6303 CNRS-Université, Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 9 Ave. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
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Zhang H, Billard F, Yu X, Faucher O, Lavorel B. Dissipation dynamics of field-free molecular alignment for symmetric-top molecules: Ethane (C2H6). J Chem Phys 2018; 148:124303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5019356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Zhang
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), UMR 6303 CNRS-Université, Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 9 Ave. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - F. Billard
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), UMR 6303 CNRS-Université, Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 9 Ave. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - X. Yu
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), UMR 6303 CNRS-Université, Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 9 Ave. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - O. Faucher
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), UMR 6303 CNRS-Université, Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 9 Ave. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - B. Lavorel
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), UMR 6303 CNRS-Université, Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 9 Ave. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
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Shepperson B, Chatterley AS, Søndergaard AA, Christiansen L, Lemeshko M, Stapelfeldt H. Strongly aligned molecules inside helium droplets in the near-adiabatic regime. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:013946. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4983703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Shepperson
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Adam S. Chatterley
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders A. Søndergaard
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lars Christiansen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mikhail Lemeshko
- IST Austria (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Henrik Stapelfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Steinitz U, Khodorkovsky Y, Hartmann J, Averbukh IS. Dynamics and Hydrodynamics of Molecular Superrotors. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3795-3810. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uri Steinitz
- AMOS and Department of Chemical Physics Weizmann Institute of Science 234 Herzl St. Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Yuri Khodorkovsky
- AMOS and Department of Chemical Physics Weizmann Institute of Science 234 Herzl St. Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Jean‐Michel Hartmann
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), CNRS (UMR 7583) Université Paris Est Créteil, Université Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace 94010 Créteil Cedex France
| | - Ilya Sh. Averbukh
- AMOS and Department of Chemical Physics Weizmann Institute of Science 234 Herzl St. Rehovot 76100 Israel
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Galinis G, Mendoza Luna LG, Watkins MJ, Ellis AM, Minns RS, Mladenović M, Lewerenz M, Chapman RT, Turcu ICE, Cacho C, Springate E, Kazak L, Göde S, Irsig R, Skruszewicz S, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH, Rouzée A, Underwood JG, Siano M, von Haeften K. Formation of coherent rotational wavepackets in small molecule-helium clusters using impulsive alignment. Faraday Discuss 2014; 171:195-218. [PMID: 25415646 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00099d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We show that rotational line spectra of molecular clusters with near zero permanent dipole moments can be observed using impulsive alignment. Aligned rotational wavepackets were generated by non-resonant interaction with intense femtosecond laser pump pulses and then probed using Coulomb explosion by a second, time-delayed femtosecond laser pulse. By means of a Fourier transform a rich spectrum of rotational eigenstates was derived. For the smallest cluster, C(2)H(2)-He, we were able to establish essentially all rotational eigenstates up to the dissociation threshold on the basis of theoretical level predictions. The C(2)H(2)-He complex is found to exhibit distinct features of large amplitude motion and very early onset of free internal rotor energy level structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gediminas Galinis
- University of Leicester, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
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Milner AA, Korobenko A, Hepburn JW, Milner V. Effects of ultrafast molecular rotation on collisional decoherence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:043005. [PMID: 25105617 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.043005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Using an optical centrifuge to control molecular rotation in an extremely broad range of angular momenta, we study coherent rotational dynamics of nitrogen molecules in the presence of collisions. We cover the range of rotational quantum numbers between J=8 and J=66 at room temperature and study a crossover between the adiabatic and nonadiabatic regimes of rotational relaxation, which cannot be easily accessed by thermal means. We demonstrate that the rate of rotational decoherence changes by more than an order of magnitude in this range of J values and show that its dependence on J can be described by a simplified scaling law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Milner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Aleksey Korobenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - John W Hepburn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Valery Milner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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Kouzov A, Radi P. Line-space description of resonant four-wave mixing: Theory for isotropic molecular states. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:194302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4874159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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