1
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Brzyska A, Wolinski K. Search for transition states with external forces. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:598-610. [PMID: 35179805 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
It is much more difficult to find on the potential energy surface (PES) a transition state (TS) than a local minimum (LM). We propose a new methodology which makes this task much easier. Applying external forces to nuclei in a molecule we can locate on PES not just one particular TS but a number of consecutive transition states. With our approach it is possible to move over PES from one transition state to another without involving any local minima. The latter can be located in a separate step through the reaction path calculations performed for every transition state found before. Preliminary results for the 2-fluorofuran molecule illustrate the usefulness of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Brzyska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Wolinski
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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2
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Zhao L, Lu W, Ahmed M, Zagidullin MV, Azyazov VN, Morozov AN, Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. Gas-phase synthesis of benzene via the propargyl radical self-reaction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/21/eabf0360. [PMID: 34020951 PMCID: PMC8139581 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been invoked in fundamental molecular mass growth processes in our galaxy. We provide compelling evidence of the formation of the very first ringed aromatic and building block of PAHs-benzene-via the self-recombination of two resonantly stabilized propargyl (C3H3) radicals in dilute environments using isomer-selective synchrotron-based mass spectrometry coupled to theoretical calculations. Along with benzene, three other structural isomers (1,5-hexadiyne, fulvene, and 2-ethynyl-1,3-butadiene) and o-benzyne are detected, and their branching ratios are quantified experimentally and verified with the aid of computational fluid dynamics and kinetic simulations. These results uncover molecular growth pathways not only in interstellar, circumstellar, and solar systems environments but also in combustion systems, which help us gain a better understanding of the hydrocarbon chemistry of our universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Wenchao Lu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | | | - Valeriy N Azyazov
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Samara 443011, Russian Federation
- Samara National Research University, Samara 443086, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander N Morozov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Alexander M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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3
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Suzuki S, Kiuchi S, Kinoshita K, Takeda Y, Sakaida S, Konno M, Tanaka K, Oguma M. Formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzofuran, and dibenzofuran in fuel-rich oxidation of toluene using a flow reactor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:6509-6525. [PMID: 33688862 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06615j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) have been attracting considerable attention owing to their high toxicity. Understanding their formation mechanism during combustion processes is important to control their emission. However, there are few studies that have quantitatively investigated OPAH formation in the fuel-rich oxidation of hydrocarbons, despite the availability of several studies on PAH formation. In this study, benzofuran and dibenzofuran as OPAHs were quantified in the fuel-rich oxidation of toluene using a flow reactor at atmospheric pressure in a temperature range of 1050-1350 K at equivalence ratios from 3.0 to 12.0 and residence times from 0.2 to 1.5 s. In addition to benzofuran and dibenzofuran, 4 types of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 19 types of PAHs were also evaluated. The experimental data obtained in this study were compared with those of the ethylene oxidation performed in our previous study. The existing kinetic model for PAH growth was modified based on several theoretical studies to predict the behavior of OPAHs with furan structures. The modified model showed significant improvements in the prediction of benzofuran and dibenzofuran formation. Based on the rate of production and sensitivity analysis using the modified model, the dominant reaction pathways of benzofuran and dibenzofuran were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Suzuki
- Research Institute for Energy Conversion, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-8564, Japan.
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4
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Brzyska A, Woliński K. Isomerization and Decomposition of 2-Methylfuran with External Forces. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:3454-3463. [PMID: 31314520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The primary goal of this project was to evaluate the performance of the Standard and Enforced Geometry Optimization (SEGO) method which we have recently developed. The SEGO method has been designed for an automatic location of multiple minima on the molecular Potential Energy Surface (PES), and its usefulness has been demonstrated so far for three molecules only. In this project we applied the SEGO method to explore the 2-methylfuran (2MF) PES. Our choice was not accidental: this molecule recently gained a great deal of interest as a potential candidate for biofuel, and therefore its pyrolysis is extensively studied. To understand pyrolysis of 2MF a detailed knowledge about its PES is needed. In these studies we explored the 2MF PES and located a surprisingly large number of local minima corresponding to 2MF isomers and decomposition products. Some of the 2MF isomers and fragments have amazing structures which most likely were previously unknown. All structures presented in this paper were found in an automatic manner as a result of the enforced chemical reactions driven by the SEGO method. Thus, in these studies we have not only proven that the SEGO method is a very efficient tool for exploring molecular potential energy surfaces, but we also obtained very detailed knowledge about the 2MF PES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Brzyska
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Niezapominajek 8 , 30-239 Krakow , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woliński
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry , Maria Curie-Sklodowska University , pl. Maria Curie-Sklodowska 3 , 20-031 Lublin , Poland
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5
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Zhou M, Cheng L, Liu B, Curtiss LA, Assary RS. A First-Principles Investigation of Gas-Phase Ring-Opening Reaction of Furan over HZSM-5 and Ga-Substituted ZSM-5. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Zhou
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lei Cheng
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Bin Liu
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, 1005 Durland Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66505, United States
| | - Larry A. Curtiss
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Rajeev S. Assary
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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6
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Zhao L, Prendergast MB, Kaiser RI, Xu B, Lu W, Ablikim U, Ahmed M, Oleinikov AD, Azyazov VN, Mebel AM, Howlader AH, Wnuk SF. Reactivity of the Indenyl Radical (C 9 H 7 ) with Acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) and Vinylacetylene (C 4 H 4 ). Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1437-1447. [PMID: 30938059 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of the indenyl radicals with acetylene (C2 H2 ) and vinylacetylene (C4 H4 ) is studied in a hot chemical reactor coupled to synchrotron based vacuum ultraviolet ionization mass spectrometry. These experimental results are combined with theory to reveal that the resonantly stabilized and thermodynamically most stable 1-indenyl radical (C9 H7 . ) is always formed in the pyrolysis of 1-, 2-, 6-, and 7-bromoindenes at 1500 K. The 1-indenyl radical reacts with acetylene yielding 1-ethynylindene plus atomic hydrogen, rather than adding a second acetylene molecule and leading to ring closure and formation of fluorene as observed in other reaction mechanisms such as the hydrogen abstraction acetylene addition or hydrogen abstraction vinylacetylene addition pathways. While this reaction mechanism is analogous to the bimolecular reaction between the phenyl radical (C6 H5 . ) and acetylene forming phenylacetylene (C6 H5 CCH), the 1-indenyl+acetylene→1-ethynylindene+hydrogen reaction is highly endoergic (114 kJ mol-1 ) and slow, contrary to the exoergic (-38 kJ mol-1 ) and faster phenyl+acetylene→phenylacetylene+hydrogen reaction. In a similar manner, no ring closure leading to fluorene formation was observed in the reaction of 1-indenyl radical with vinylacetylene. These experimental results are explained through rate constant calculations based on theoretically derived potential energy surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
| | - Matthew B Prendergast
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wenchao Lu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Utuq Ablikim
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander M Mebel
- Samara National Research University, Samara, 443086, Russia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - A Hasan Howlader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Stanislaw F Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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7
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Rosi M, Skouteris D, Balucani N, Nappi C, Faginas Lago N, Pacifici L, Falcinelli S, Stranges D. An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of 1-Butanol Pyrolysis. Front Chem 2019; 7:326. [PMID: 31139618 PMCID: PMC6527765 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioalcohols are a promising family of biofuels. Among them, 1-butanol has a strong potential as a substitute for petrol. In this manuscript, we report on a theoretical and experimental characterization of 1-butanol thermal decomposition, a very important process in the 1-butanol combustion at high temperatures. Advantage has been taken of a flash pyrolysis experimental set-up with mass spectrometric detection, in which the brief residence time of the pyrolyzing mixture inside a short, resistively heated SiC tube allows the identification of the primary products of the decomposing species, limiting secondary processes. Dedicated electronic structure calculations of the relevant potential energy surface have also been performed and RRKM estimates of the rate coefficients and product branching ratios up to 2,000 K are provided. Both electronic structure and RRKM calculations are in line with previous determinations. According to the present study, the H2O elimination channel leading to 1-butene is more important than previously believed. In addition to that, we provide experimental evidence that butanal formation by H2 elimination is not a primary decomposition route. Finally, we have experimental evidence of a small yield of the CH3 elimination channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzio Rosi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Balucani
- Laboratory of Molecular Processes in Combustion, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Caterina Nappi
- Laboratory of Molecular Processes in Combustion, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Noelia Faginas Lago
- Laboratory of Molecular Processes in Combustion, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Pacifici
- Master-Up, Perugia, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Processes in Combustion, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Falcinelli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Domenico Stranges
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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8
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Li Y, Gan Y, Cao Z. Computational insight into excited states of the ring-opening radicals from the pyrolysis of furan biofuels. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:1057-1065. [PMID: 30299565 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The low-lying valence excited states and Rydberg states of the radical species from the ring-opening reactions in pyrolysis of furan biofuels have been determined by extensive density functional theory and sophisticated wave function theory calculations. The radicals 1-C4 H5 O-2, 2-furylCH2 , and 4-C6 H7 O with the delocalized π-type single electron are predicted to be most stable among the reactive species here for furan, 2-methyfuran, and 2,5-dimethylfuran, respectively. Predicted vertical transition energies by TD-CAM-B3LYP show good agreement with those by CASPT2. Some among the electronic excitations to low-lying states can take place in the visible light region, and they may be involved in the combustion process. Further surface hopping dynamics simulations on the excited states of the most stable ring-opening radical 1-C4 H5 O-2 of furan as an example reveal that 89.9% sampling trajectories at the initial excited state of 22 A"(π1 π*2 ) decay to the 12 A'(n1 π*2 ) state within an average of 384 fs, and then 81.2% trajectories at the 12 A' state go to the ground state within an average of 114 fs. At the end of the simulation for 1000 fs, 18.8% trajectories still stay on the excited states of 22 A" and 12 A', suggesting that the reactive radicals in the ground state are mainly responsible for the combustion chemistry of furan biofuels. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yanzhen Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zexing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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9
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Zhao L, Prendergast M, Kaiser RI, Xu B, Ablikim U, Lu W, Ahmed M, Oleinikov AD, Azyazov VN, Howlader AH, Wnuk SF, Mebel AM. How to add a five-membered ring to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) – molecular mass growth of the 2-naphthyl radical (C10H7) to benzindenes (C13H10) as a case study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16737-16750. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02930c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of aryl radicals with allene/methylacetylene leads to five-membered ring addition in PAH growth processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hawaii at Manoa
- Honolulu
- USA
| | | | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hawaii at Manoa
- Honolulu
- USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Utuq Ablikim
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Wenchao Lu
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | | | | | - A. Hasan Howlader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - Stanislaw F. Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
- Samara National Research University
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10
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Li Y, Meng Q, Wang J, Zhang Y, Cao C, Cheng Z, Yang J, Liu F, Zhang L, Pan Y. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Pyrolysis of Furfural. J Phys Chem A 2018; 123:103-110. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b06261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Meng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinglan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuangchuang Cao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanjun Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiuzhong Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuyi Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lidong Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Pan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Bhattacherjee A, Schnorr K, Oesterling S, Yang Z, Xue T, de Vivie-Riedle R, Leone SR. Photoinduced Heterocyclic Ring Opening of Furfural: Distinct Open-Chain Product Identification by Ultrafast X-ray Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12538-12544. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bhattacherjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kirsten Schnorr
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sven Oesterling
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München 81377, Germany
| | - Zheyue Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tian Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Stephen R. Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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12
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Ormond TK, Baraban JH, Porterfield JP, Scheer AM, Hemberger P, Troy TP, Ahmed M, Nimlos MR, Robichaud DJ, Daily JW, Ellison GB. Thermal Decompositions of the Lignin Model Compounds: Salicylaldehyde and Catechol. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5911-5924. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b03201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Ormond
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Joshua H. Baraban
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Jessica P. Porterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Adam M. Scheer
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratory, PO Box 969, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Femtochemistry and Synchrotron Radiation, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5234 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Tyler P. Troy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mark R. Nimlos
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - David J. Robichaud
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - John W. Daily
- Center for Combustion and Environmental Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
| | - G. Barney Ellison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
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13
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Erdmann E, Łabuda M, Aguirre NF, Díaz-Tendero S, Alcamí M. Furan Fragmentation in the Gas Phase: New Insights from Statistical and Molecular Dynamics Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2018. [PMID: 29543456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a complete exploration of the different fragmentation mechanisms of furan (C4H4O) operating at low and high energies. Three different theoretical approaches are combined to determine the structure of all possible reaction intermediates, many of them not described in previous studies, and a large number of pathways involving three types of fundamental elementary mechanisms: isomerization, fragmentation, and H/H2 loss processes (this last one was not yet explored). Our results are compared with the existing experimental and theoretical investigations for furan fragmentation. At low energies the first processes to appear are isomerization, which always implies the breaking of one C-O bond and one or several hydrogen transfers; at intermediate energies the fragmentation of the molecular skeleton becomes the most relevant mechanism; and H/H2 loss is the dominant processes at high energy. However, the three mechanisms are active in very wide energy ranges and, therefore, at most energies there is a competition among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Erdmann
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics , Gdańsk University of Technology , Narutowicza 11/12 , 80-233 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Marta Łabuda
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics , Gdańsk University of Technology , Narutowicza 11/12 , 80-233 Gdańsk , Poland
| | - Néstor F Aguirre
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | | | - Manuel Alcamí
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencias (IMDEA-Nanociencia) , 28049 Madrid , Spain
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14
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Boundary-Layer Model to Predict Chemically Reacting Flow within Heated, High-Speed, Microtubular Reactors. INT J CHEM KINET 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Sarkar S, Mallick S, Kumar P, Bandyopadhyay B. Ammonolysis of ketene as a potential source of acetamide in the troposphere: a quantum chemical investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:13437-13447. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01650j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations at the CCSD(T)/CBS//MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ levels of theory have been carried out to investigate a potential new source of acetamide in Earth's atmosphere through the ammonolysis of the simplest ketene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur
- Jaipur
- India
| | - Subhasish Mallick
- Department of Chemistry
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur
- Jaipur
- India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur
- Jaipur
- India
| | - Biman Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur
- Jaipur
- India
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16
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Winfough M, Voronova K, Muller G, Laguisma G, Sztáray B, Bodi A, Meloni G. Furfural: The Unimolecular Dissociative Photoionization Mechanism of the Simplest Furanic Aldehyde. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3401-3410. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Winfough
- Department
of Chemistry, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94117, United States
| | - Krisztina Voronova
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Giel Muller
- Department
of Chemistry, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94117, United States
| | - Gabrielle Laguisma
- Department
of Chemistry, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94117, United States
| | - Bálint Sztáray
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Andras Bodi
- Laboratory
for Femtochemistry and Synchrotron Radiation, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Meloni
- Department
of Chemistry, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94117, United States
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17
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Wu X, Zhou X, Hemberger P, Bodi A. Dissociative Photoionization of Dimethyl Carbonate: The More It Is Cut, the Bigger the Fragment Ion. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2748-2759. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Wu
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department
of Chemical Physics, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department
of Chemical Physics, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory
for Femtochemistry and Synchrotron Radiation, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Andras Bodi
- Laboratory
for Femtochemistry and Synchrotron Radiation, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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18
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Zhao L, Yang T, Kaiser RI, Troy TP, Ahmed M, Belisario-Lara D, Ribeiro JM, Mebel AM. Combined Experimental and Computational Study on the Unimolecular Decomposition of JP-8 Jet Fuel Surrogates. I. n-Decane (n-C10H22). J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1261-1280. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b11472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Tyler P. Troy
- Chemical Sciences
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel Belisario-Lara
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Joao Marcelo Ribeiro
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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19
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Zhao L, Yang T, Kaiser RI, Troy TP, Ahmed M, Ribeiro JM, Belisario-Lara D, Mebel AM. Combined Experimental and Computational Study on the Unimolecular Decomposition of JP-8 Jet Fuel Surrogates. II: n-Dodecane (n-C12H26). J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1281-1297. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b11817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Tyler P. Troy
- Chemical Sciences
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences
Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Joao Marcelo Ribeiro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Daniel Belisario-Lara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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20
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Zhao L, Yang T, Kaiser RI, Troy TP, Xu B, Ahmed M, Alarcon J, Belisario-Lara D, Mebel AM, Zhang Y, Cao C, Zou J. A vacuum ultraviolet photoionization study on high-temperature decomposition of JP-10 (exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:15780-15807. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01571b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-temperature pyrolysis of JP-10 in flow reactors were performed both experimentally and theoretically. Dozens of products were detected and the decomposition pathways of JP-10 were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hawaii at Manoa
- Honolulu
- USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hawaii at Manoa
- Honolulu
- USA
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hawaii at Manoa
- Honolulu
- USA
| | - Tyler P. Troy
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Juan Alarcon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | | | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Chuangchuang Cao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Jiabiao Zou
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of MOE
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
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21
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Yang T, Troy TP, Xu B, Kostko O, Ahmed M, Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. Hydrogen-Abstraction/Acetylene-Addition Exposed. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14983-14987. [PMID: 27781351 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are omnipresent in the interstellar medium (ISM) and also in carbonaceous meteorites (CM) such as Murchison. However, the basic reaction routes leading to the formation of even the simplest PAH-naphthalene (C10 H8 )-via the hydrogen-abstraction/acetylene-addition (HACA) mechanism still remain ambiguous. Here, by revealing the uncharted fundamental chemistry of the styrenyl (C8 H7 ) and the ortho-vinylphenyl radicals (C8 H7 )-key transient species of the HACA mechanism-with acetylene (C2 H2 ), we provide the first solid experimental evidence on the facile formation of naphthalene in a simulated combustion environment validating the previously postulated HACA mechanism for these two radicals. This study highlights, at the molecular level spanning combustion and astrochemistry, the importance of the HACA mechanism to the formation of the prototype PAH naphthalene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Tyler P Troy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alexander M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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22
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Yang T, Troy TP, Xu B, Kostko O, Ahmed M, Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. Hydrogen-Abstraction/Acetylene-Addition Exposed. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Hawai'i at Manoa; Honolulu HI 96822 USA
| | - Tyler P. Troy
- Chemical Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Alexander M. Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Florida International University; Miami FL 33199 USA
| | - Ralf I. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry; University of Hawai'i at Manoa; Honolulu HI 96822 USA
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23
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Buckingham GT, Porterfield JP, Kostko O, Troy TP, Ahmed M, Robichaud DJ, Nimlos MR, Daily JW, Ellison GB. The thermal decomposition of the benzyl radical in a heated micro-reactor. II. Pyrolysis of the tropyl radical. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:014305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4954895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Grant T. Buckingham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Jessica P. Porterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Tyler P. Troy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David J. Robichaud
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Mark R. Nimlos
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden Colorado 80401, USA
| | - John W. Daily
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Combustion and Environmental Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, USA
| | - G. Barney Ellison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
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24
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Kostko O, Bandyopadhyay B, Ahmed M. Vacuum Ultraviolet Photoionization of Complex Chemical Systems. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2016; 67:19-40. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040215-112553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Biswajit Bandyopadhyay
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720;
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25
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26
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Baraban JH, David DE, Ellison GB, Daily JW. An optically accessible pyrolysis microreactor. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:014101. [PMID: 26827331 DOI: 10.1063/1.4939459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report an optically accessible pyrolysis micro-reactor suitable for in situ laser spectroscopic measurements. A radiative heating design allows for completely unobstructed views of the micro-reactor along two axes. The maximum temperature demonstrated here is only 1300 K (as opposed to 1700 K for the usual SiC micro-reactor) because of the melting point of fused silica, but alternative transparent materials will allow for higher temperatures. Laser induced fluorescence measurements on nitric oxide are presented as a proof of principle for spectroscopic characterization of pyrolysis conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Baraban
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D E David
- Integrated Instrument Development Facility, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0216, USA
| | - G Barney Ellison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - J W Daily
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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27
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Porterfield JP, Nguyen TL, Baraban JH, Buckingham GT, Troy TP, Kostko O, Ahmed M, Stanton JF, Daily JW, Ellison GB. Isomerization and Fragmentation of Cyclohexanone in a Heated Micro-Reactor. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:12635-47. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b10984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P. Porterfield
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Thanh Lam Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joshua H. Baraban
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Grant T. Buckingham
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Tyler P. Troy
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F. Stanton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - John W. Daily
- Center
for Combustion and Environmental Research, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
| | - G. Barney Ellison
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
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28
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Smith AR, Meloni G. Absolute photoionization cross sections of furanic fuels: 2-ethylfuran, 2-acetylfuran and furfural. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:1206-1213. [PMID: 26505765 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Absolute photoionization cross sections of the molecules 2-ethylfuran, 2-acetylfuran and furfural, including partial ionization cross sections for the dissociative ionized fragments, are measured for the first time. These measurements are important because they allow fuel quantification via photoionization mass spectrometry and the development of quantitative kinetic modeling for the complex combustion of potential fuels. The experiments are carried out using synchrotron photoionization mass spectrometry with an orthogonal time-of-flight spectrometer used for mass analysis at the Advanced Light Source of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The CBS-QB3 calculations of adiabatic ionization energies and appearance energies agree well with the experimental results. Several bond dissociation energies are also derived and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey R Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94117-1080, USA
| | - Giovanni Meloni
- Department of Chemistry, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94117-1080, USA
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29
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Urness KN, Guan Q, Troy TP, Ahmed M, Daily JW, Ellison GB, Simmie JM. Pyrolysis Pathways of the Furanic Ether 2-Methoxyfuran. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:9962-77. [PMID: 26351733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Substituted furans, including furanic ethers, derived from nonedible biomass have been proposed as second-generation biofuels. In order to use these molecules as fuels, it is important to understand how they break apart thermally. In this work, a series of experiments were conducted to study the unimolecular and low-pressure bimolecular decomposition mechanisms of the smallest furanic ether, 2-methoxyfuran. Electronic structure (CBS-QB3) calculations indicate this substituted furan has an unusually weak O-CH3 bond, approximately 190 kJ mol(-1) (45 kcal mol(-1)); thus, the primary decomposition pathway is through bond scission resulting in CH3 and 2-furanyloxy (O-C4H3O) radicals. Final products from the ring opening of the furanyloxy radical include 2 CO, HC≡CH, and H. The decomposition of methoxyfuran is studied over a range of concentrations (0.0025-0.1%) in helium or argon in a heated silicon carbide (SiC) microtubular flow reactor (0.66-1 mm i.d., 2.5-3.5 cm long) with reactor wall temperatures from 300 to 1300 K. Inlet pressures to the reactor are 150-1500 Torr, and the gas mixture emerges as a skimmed molecular beam at a pressure of approximately 10 μTorr. Products formed at early pyrolysis times (100 μs) are detected by 118.2 nm (10.487 eV) photoionization mass spectrometry (PIMS), tunable synchrotron VUV PIMS, and matrix infrared absorption spectroscopy. Secondary products resulting from H or CH3 addition to the parent and reaction with 2-furanyloxy were also observed and include CH2═CH-CHO, CH3-CH═CH-CHO, CH3-CO-CH═CH2, and furanones; under the conditions in the reactor, we estimate these reactions contribute to at most 1-3% of total methoxyfuran decomposition. This work also includes observation and characterization of an allylic lactone radical, 2-furanyloxy (O-C4H3O), with the assignment of several intense vibrational bands in an Ar matrix, an estimate of the ionization threshold, and photoionization efficiency. A pressure-dependent kinetic mechanism is also developed to model the decomposition behavior of methoxyfuran and provide pathways for the minor bimolecular reaction channels that are observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly N Urness
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
| | - Qi Guan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
| | - Tyler P Troy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , MS 6R-2100, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , MS 6R-2100, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John W Daily
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
| | - G Barney Ellison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - John M Simmie
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland , Galway, Ireland
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30
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Prozument K, Barratt Park G, Shaver RG, Vasiliou AK, Oldham JM, David DE, Muenter JS, Stanton JF, Suits AG, Barney Ellison G, Field RW. Chirped-Pulse millimeter-Wave spectroscopy for dynamics and kinetics studies of pyrolysis reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:15739-15751. [PMID: 24756159 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55352c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Chirped-Pulse millimeter-Wave (CPmmW) spectrometer is applied to the study of chemical reaction products that result from pyrolysis in a Chen nozzle heated to 1000-1800 K. Millimeter-wave rotational spectroscopy unambiguously determines, for each polar reaction product, the species, the conformers, relative concentrations, conversion percentage from precursor to each product, and, in some cases, vibrational state population distributions. A chirped-pulse spectrometer can, within the frequency range of a single chirp, sample spectral regions of up to ∼10 GHz and simultaneously detect many reaction products. Here we introduce a modification to the CPmmW technique in which multiple chirps of different spectral content are applied to a molecular beam pulse that contains the pyrolysis reaction products. This technique allows for controlled allocation of its sensitivity to specific molecular transitions and effectively doubles the bandwidth of the spectrometer. As an example, the pyrolysis reaction of ethyl nitrite, CH3CH2ONO, is studied, and CH3CHO, H2CO, and HNO products are simultaneously observed and quantified, exploiting the multi-chirp CPmmW technique. Rotational and vibrational temperatures of some product molecules are determined. Subsequent to supersonic expansion from the heated nozzle, acetaldehyde molecules display a rotational temperature of 4 ± 1 K. Vibrational temperatures are found to be controlled by the collisional cooling in the expansion, and to be both species- and vibrational mode-dependent. Rotational transitions of vibrationally excited formaldehyde in levels ν4, 2ν4, 3ν4, ν2, ν3, and ν6 are observed and effective vibrational temperatures for modes 2, 3, 4, and 6 are determined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Prozument
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - G Barratt Park
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Rachel G Shaver
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - AnGayle K Vasiliou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, 276 Bicentennial Way, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA
| | - James M Oldham
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Donald E David
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Cristol Chemistry 58, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - John S Muenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - John F Stanton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, TX 78712-0165, USA
| | - Arthur G Suits
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - G Barney Ellison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Cristol Chemistry 58, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Robert W Field
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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31
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Ormond TK, Scheer AM, Nimlos MR, Robichaud DJ, Troy TP, Ahmed M, Daily JW, Nguyen TL, Stanton JF, Ellison GB. Pyrolysis of Cyclopentadienone: Mechanistic Insights from a Direct Measurement of Product Branching Ratios. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:7222-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511390f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Ormond
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Adam M. Scheer
- Combustion
Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratory, PO Box 969, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - Mark R. Nimlos
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - David J. Robichaud
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Tyler P. Troy
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John W. Daily
- Center
for Combustion and Environmental Research, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
| | - Thanh Lam Nguyen
- Institute
for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - John F. Stanton
- Institute
for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - G. Barney Ellison
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
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32
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Buckingham GT, Ormond TK, Porterfield JP, Hemberger P, Kostko O, Ahmed M, Robichaud DJ, Nimlos MR, Daily JW, Ellison GB. The thermal decomposition of the benzyl radical in a heated micro-reactor. I. Experimental findings. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:044307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4906156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Grant T. Buckingham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Thomas K. Ormond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Jessica P. Porterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Molecular Dynamics Group, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David J. Robichaud
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Mark R. Nimlos
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - John W. Daily
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Combustion and Environmental Research,University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, USA
| | - G. Barney Ellison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
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Liu Y, Knopp G, Qin C, Gerber T. Tracking ultrafast relaxation dynamics of furan by femtosecond photoelectron imaging. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Prozument K, Suleimanov YV, Buesser B, Oldham JM, Green WH, Suits AG, Field RW. A Signature of Roaming Dynamics in the Thermal Decomposition of Ethyl Nitrite: Chirped-Pulse Rotational Spectroscopy and Kinetic Modeling. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3641-3648. [PMID: 26278732 DOI: 10.1021/jz501758p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chirped-pulse (CP) Fourier transform rotational spectroscopy is uniquely suited for near-universal quantitative detection and structural characterization of mixtures that contain multiple molecular and radical species. In this work, we employ CP spectroscopy to measure product branching and extract information about the reaction mechanism, guided by kinetic modeling. Pyrolysis of ethyl nitrite, CH3CH2ONO, is studied in a Chen type flash pyrolysis reactor at temperatures of 1000-1800 K. The branching between HNO, CH2O, and CH3CHO products is measured and compared to the kinetic models generated by the Reaction Mechanism Generator software. We find that roaming CH3CH2ONO → CH3CHO + HNO plays an important role in the thermal decomposition of ethyl nitrite, with its rate, at 1000 K, comparable to that of the radical elimination channel CH3CH2ONO → CH3CH2O + NO. HNO is a signature of roaming in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beat Buesser
- §IBM Research, Smarter Cities Technology Centre, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - James M Oldham
- ∥Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | | | - Arthur G Suits
- ∥Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Guan Q, Urness KN, Ormond TK, David DE, Barney Ellison G, Daily JW. The properties of a micro-reactor for the study of the unimolecular decomposition of large molecules. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2014.967951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Robichaud DJ, Scheer AM, Mukarakate C, Ormond TK, Buckingham GT, Ellison GB, Nimlos MR. Unimolecular thermal decomposition of dimethoxybenzenes. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:234302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4879615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ormond TK, Scheer AM, Nimlos MR, Robichaud DJ, Daily JW, Stanton JF, Ellison GB. Polarized Matrix Infrared Spectra of Cyclopentadienone: Observations, Calculations, and Assignment for an Important Intermediate in Combustion and Biomass Pyrolysis. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:708-18. [DOI: 10.1021/jp411257k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Ormond
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Adam M. Scheer
- Combustion
Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratory, P. O. Box 969, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - Mark R. Nimlos
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - David J. Robichaud
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - John W. Daily
- Center
for Combustion and Environmental Research, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
| | - John F. Stanton
- Institute
for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - G. Barney Ellison
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
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