1
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Cenaiko S, Lijnse T, Dalton C. Multiphase Actuation of AC Electrothermal Micropump. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:758. [PMID: 37420991 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrothermal micropumps apply an AC electric field to a conductive fluid within the range of 10 kHz-1 MHz to generate fluid flow. In this frequency range, coulombic forces dominate fluid interactions over opposing dielectric forces, resulting in high flow rates (~50-100 μm/s). To date, the electrothermal effect-using asymmetrical electrodes-has been tested only with single-phase and 2-phase actuation, while dielectrophoretic micropumps have shown improved flow rates with 3- and 4-phase actuation. Simulating muti-phase signals in COMSOL Multiphysics requires additional modules and a more involved implementation to accurately represent the electrothermal effect in a micropump. Here, we report detailed simulations of the electrothermal effect under multi-phase conditions, including single-phase, 2-phase, 3-phase and 4-phase actuation patterns. These computational models indicate that 2-phase actuation leads to the highest flow rate, with 3-phase resulting in a 5% reduced flow rate and 4-phase resulting in an 11% reduced flow rate compared to 2-phase. With these modifications to the simulation, various actuation patterns can later be tested in COMSOL for a range of electrokinetic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stirling Cenaiko
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Thomas Lijnse
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Colin Dalton
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Electrical and Software Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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2
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Electro-thermal actuated micromixer with VU/VIU/VUVIU/VIUVU patterned microgrooves. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-022-00293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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3
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Tavari T, Nazari M, Meamardoost S, Tamayol A, Samandari M. A systematic overview of electrode configuration in electric‐driven micropumps. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1476-1520. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Tavari
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Shahrood University of Technology Shahrood Iran
| | - Mohsen Nazari
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Shahrood University of Technology Shahrood Iran
| | - Saber Meamardoost
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo Buffalo New York USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - Mohamadmahdi Samandari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington Connecticut USA
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4
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Yuan Q, Huang J, Wu JJ, Islam N. Numerical investigation of microchannel geometry for effective on‐chip biofluid delivery by AC electrothermal effect. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2130-2140. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yuan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Jiamei Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Jie Jayne Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Nazmul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley Edinburg Texas USA
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5
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Li Y, Wang Y, Pesch GR, Baune M, Du F, Liu X. Rational Design and Numerical Analysis of a Hybrid Floating cIDE Separator for Continuous Dielectrophoretic Separation of Microparticles at High Throughput. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040582. [PMID: 35457887 PMCID: PMC9026825 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) enables continuous and label-free separation of (bio)microparticles with high sensitivity and selectivity, whereas the low throughput issue greatly confines its clinical application. Herein, we report a novel design of the DEP separator embedded with cylindrical interdigitated electrodes that incorporate hybrid floating electrode layout for (bio)microparticle separation at favorable throughput. To better predict microparticle trajectory in the scaled-up DEP platform, a theoretical model based on coupling of electrostatic, fluid and temperature fields is established, in which the effects of Joule heating-induced electrothermal and buoyancy flows on particles are considered. Size-based fractionation of polystyrene microspheres and dielectric properties-based isolation of MDA-MB-231 from blood cells are numerically realized, respectively, by the proposed separator with sample throughputs up to 2.6 mL/min. Notably, the induced flows can promote DEP discrimination of heterogeneous cells. This work provides a reference on tailoring design of enlarged DEP platforms for highly efficient separation of (bio)samples at high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Georg R. Pesch
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (G.R.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Michael Baune
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (G.R.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Fei Du
- Institute of Water Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (X.L.)
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6
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Echouchene F, Al-shahrani T, Belmabrouk H. Simulation of the Slip Velocity Effect in an AC Electrothermal Micropump. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11090825. [PMID: 32878031 PMCID: PMC7569861 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The principal aim of this study was to analyze the effect of slip velocity at the microchannel wall on an alternating current electrothermal (ACET) flow micropump fitted with several pairs of electrodes. Using the finite element method (FEM), the coupled momentum, energy, and Poisson equations with and without slip boundary conditions have been solved to compute the velocity, temperature, and electrical field in the microchannel. The effects of the frequency and the voltage, and the electrical and thermal conductivities, respectively, of the electrolyte solution and the substrate material, have been minutely analyzed in the presence and absence of slip velocity. The slip velocity was simulated along the microchannel walls at different values of slip length. The results revealed that the slip velocity at the wall channel has a significant impact on the flow field. The existence of slip velocity at the wall increases the shear stress and therefore enhances the pumping efficiency. It was observed that higher average pumping velocity was achieved for larger slip length. When a glass substrate was used, the effect of the presence of the slip velocity was more manifest. This study shows also that the effect of slip velocity on the flow field is very important and must be taken into consideration in an ACET micropump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraj Echouchene
- Electronic and Microelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia;
| | - Thamraa Al-shahrani
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hafedh Belmabrouk
- Electronic and Microelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia;
- Department of Physics, College of Science at Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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7
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Lijnse T, Cenaiko S, Dalton C. Numerical simulation of a tuneable reversible flow design for practical ACET devices. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAlternating Current Electrothermal (ACET) micropumps are a well-documented flow induction and mixing method. This phenomenon has significant promise as a reliable microfluidic pumping method for high conductivity biofluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid, urine, or blood. Practical implementations so far have been limited by complex designs focused on maximized flow rates, typically in only one direction at a time. This paper describes a device geometry demonstrating, and quantifying for the first time, fully reversible flow, that is, going from 100% flow in one direction to fully symmetrical 100% flow in the opposite direction. This design incorporates multiple features targeted at practical fabrication and applications. The design enables fine-tuning of flow speeds via adjustable signal strengths in a unique manner compared to traditional ACET devices. A full numerical simulation of this device has been performed within this work. Additionally, this paper reports several methods for increasing usability of ACET devices, including proposing coatings to prevent electrolysis and increase flow rates without the risk of fluid reactions, manufacturing methods for ease of handling, and specific device parameters for implementation in microdevices. The development of an ACET device that can precisely and efficiently pump and extract fluids allows for new applications in integrated biological systems and monitoring devices.
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Salari A, Navi M, Lijnse T, Dalton C. AC Electrothermal Effect in Microfluidics: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E762. [PMID: 31717932 PMCID: PMC6915365 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The electrothermal effect has been investigated extensively in microfluidics since the 1990s and has been suggested as a promising technique for fluid manipulations in lab-on-a-chip devices. The purpose of this article is to provide a timely overview of the previous works conducted in the AC electrothermal field to provide a comprehensive reference for researchers new to this field. First, electrokinetic phenomena are briefly introduced to show where the electrothermal effect stands, comparatively, versus other mechanisms. Then, recent advances in the electrothermal field are reviewed from different aspects and categorized to provide a better insight into the current state of the literature. Results and achievements of different studies are compared, and recommendations are made to help researchers weigh their options and decide on proper configuration and parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinaghi Salari
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada;
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Maryam Navi
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada;
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Thomas Lijnse
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Colin Dalton
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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9
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Pressure-Driven Micro-Casting for Electrode Fabrication and Its Applications in Wear Grain Detections. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12223710. [PMID: 31717693 PMCID: PMC6888546 DOI: 10.3390/ma12223710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The microelectrode is an essential and vital part in microsensors that are largely used in industrial, chemical, and biological applications. To obtain desired microelectrodes in great quality, it is also of great necessity and significance to develop a robust method to fabricate the microelectrode pattern. This work developed a four-terminal differential microelectrode that aims at recognizing microparticles in fluids. This microelectrode pair consisted of a high height–width ratio microelectrode array fabricated using a pre-designed microelectrode pattern (a micro-scale channel) and melted liquid metal. The surface treatment of microelectrodes was also investigated to reveal its impacts on the continuality of melting metal and the quality of the fabricated microelectrode patterns. To evaluate the performance of micro-casting fabricated electrodes, a microfluidic device was packaged using a microelectrode layer and a flow layer. Then impedance cytometer experiments were performed using sample fluids with polymer particles in two different sizes in diameter (5 μm and 10 μm). In addition, engine oil was tested on the microelectrodes as complex samples. The number of abrasive particles in the engine oil can be collected from the developed microfluidic device for further analysis.
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10
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Kunti G, Bhattacharya A, Chakraborty S. Strong rotating flow in stationary droplets in low power budget using wire electrode configuration. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2971-2978. [PMID: 31424093 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Golak Kunti
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | - Anandaroop Bhattacharya
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal India
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11
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Liu W, Ren Y, Chen F, Song J, Tao Y, Du K, Wu Q. A microscopic physical description of electrothermal‐induced flow for control of ion current transport in microfluidics interfacing nanofluidics. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2683-2698. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Liu
- School of Electronics and Control EngineeringSchool of HighwayChang'an University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yukun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and SystemHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM)Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Mechanics Beijing P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Electronics and Control EngineeringSchool of HighwayChang'an University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jingni Song
- School of Electronics and Control EngineeringSchool of HighwayChang'an University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and SystemHarbin Institute of Technology Harbin Heilongjiang P. R. China
| | - Kai Du
- School of Electronics and Control EngineeringSchool of HighwayChang'an University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Qisheng Wu
- School of Electronics and Control EngineeringSchool of HighwayChang'an University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
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12
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Salari A, Dalton C. Simultaneous Pumping and Mixing of Biological Fluids in a Double-Array Electrothermal Microfluidic Device. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10020092. [PMID: 30696037 PMCID: PMC6413218 DOI: 10.3390/mi10020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transport and mixing of minute amounts of biological fluids are significantly important in lab-on-a-chip devices. It has been shown that the electrothermal technique is a suitable candidate for applications involving high-conductivity biofluids, such as blood, saliva, and urine. Here, we introduce a double-array AC electrothermal (ACET) device consisting of two opposing microelectrode arrays, which can be used for simultaneous mixing and pumping. First, in a 2D simulation, an optimum electrode-pair configuration capable of achieving fast transverse mixing at a microfluidic channel cross-section is identified by comparing different electrode geometries. The results show that by adjusting the applied voltage pattern and position of the asymmetrical microelectrodes in the two arrays, due to the resultant circular flow streamlines, the time it takes for the analytes to be convected across the channel cross-section is reduced by 95% compared to a diffusion-only-based transport regime, and by 80% compared to a conventional two-layer ACET device. Using a 3D simulation, the fluid transport (pumping and mixing) capabilities of such an electrode pair placed at different angles longitudinally relative to the channel was studied. It was found that an asymmetrical electrode configuration placed at an angle in the range of 30°≤θ≤45° can significantly increase transversal mixing efficiency while generating strong longitudinal net flow. These findings are of interest for lab-on-a-chip applications, especially for biosensors and immunoassays, where mixing analyte solutions while simultaneously moving them through a microchannel can greatly enhance the sensing efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinaghi Salari
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada.
| | - Colin Dalton
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Kunti G, Dhar J, Bhattacharya A, Chakraborty S. Joule heating-induced particle manipulation on a microfluidic chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:014113. [PMID: 30867883 PMCID: PMC6404938 DOI: 10.1063/1.5082978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We develop an electrokinetic technique that continuously manipulates colloidal particles to concentrate into patterned particulate groups in an energy efficient way, by exclusive harnessing of the intrinsic Joule heating effects. Our technique exploits the alternating current electrothermal flow phenomenon which is generated due to the interaction between non-uniform electric and thermal fields. Highly non-uniform electric field generates sharp temperature gradients by generating spatially-varying Joule heat that varies along the radial direction from a concentrated point hotspot. Sharp temperature gradients induce a local variation in electric properties which, in turn, generate a strong electrothermal vortex. The imposed fluid flow brings the colloidal particles at the centre of the hotspot and enables particle aggregation. Furthermore, maneuvering structures of the Joule heating spots, different patterns of particle clustering may be formed in a low power budget, thus opening up a new realm of on-chip particle manipulation process without necessitating a highly focused laser beam which is much complicated and demands higher power budget. This technique can find its use in Lab-on-a-chip devices to manipulate particle groups, including biological cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golak Kunti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Jayabrata Dhar
- CNRS, Universite de Rennes 1, Geosciences Rennes UMR6118, Rennes, France
| | - Anandaroop Bhattacharya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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14
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Gao X, Li Y. Biofluid pumping and mixing by an AC electrothermal micropump embedded with a spiral microelectrode pair in a cylindrical microchannel. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:3156-3170. [PMID: 30194859 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we numerically investigated a multifunctional AC electrothermal (ACET) micropump embedded with an asymmetric spiral microelectrode pair in a cylindrical microchannel for simultaneous pumping and mixing in high-conductivity fluids, which makes the pump useful for biofluid applications. When an AC signal was applied to the asymmetric spiral electrode pair, the vortices induced on the electrode surfaces with centerlines along the corresponding spiral electrode length exhibit a spiral distribution, and the net flow in the cylindrical microchannel is generated by the ACET effect. The vorticity field distribution can explain the mechanism of simultaneous pumping and mixing. Because the vorticity field is inclined against the microchannel direction, vortices on top of the spiral electrodes can affect the ACET flow in the following two aspects at the same time: one is pumping the flow in the microchannel direction, and the other is mixing the samples by stirring the flow. We also determined that the geometric ratios of the electrode width to the gap or slant angle of the spiral electrodes can feasibly be used to control the relative strength of the pumping and mixing capabilities, and we achieved an optimal design that gives both desirable pumping and mixing efficiencies. This study shows that the spiral ACET micropump design can rapidly drive the high-conductivity fluids and efficiently mix samples simultaneously. The numerical simulation of the spiral ACET micropump is of significant importance for practical, chemical and biological applications, and feasible fabrication techiniques should be experimentally investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Gao
- School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiao Li
- School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
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15
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Du K, Liu W, Ren Y, Jiang T, Song J, Wu Q, Tao Y. A High-Throughput Electrokinetic Micromixer via AC Field-Effect Nonlinear Electroosmosis Control in 3D Electrode Configurations. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E432. [PMID: 30424365 PMCID: PMC6187382 DOI: 10.3390/mi9090432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we make use of the AC field-effect flow control on induced-charge electroosmosis (ICEO), to develop an electrokinetic micromixer with 3D electrode layouts, greatly enhancing the device performance compared to its 2D counterpart of coplanar metal strips. A biased AC voltage wave applied to the central gate terminal, i.e., AC field-effect control, endows flow field-effect-transistor of ICEO the capability to produce arbitrary symmetry breaking in the transverse electrokinetic vortex flow pattern, which makes it fascinating for microfluidic mixing. Using the Debye-Huckel approximation, a mathematical model is established to test the feasibility of the new device design in stirring nanoparticle samples carried by co-flowing laminar streams. The effect of various experimental parameters on constructing a viable micromixer is investigated, and an integrated microdevice with a series of gate electrode bars disposed along the centerline of the channel bottom surface is proposed for realizing high-flux mixing. Our physical demonstration on field-effect nonlinear electroosmosis control in 3D electrode configurations provides useful guidelines for electroconvective manipulation of nanoscale objects in modern microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Du
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, and School of Highway, Chang'an University, Middle-Section of Nan'er Huan Road, Xi'an 710064, China.
| | - Weiyu Liu
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, and School of Highway, Chang'an University, Middle-Section of Nan'er Huan Road, Xi'an 710064, China.
| | - Yukun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Jingni Song
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, and School of Highway, Chang'an University, Middle-Section of Nan'er Huan Road, Xi'an 710064, China.
| | - Qian Wu
- Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610213, China.
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, China.
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16
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Hu Q, Guo J, Cao Z, Jiang H. Asymmetrical Induced Charge Electroosmotic Flow on a Herringbone Floating Electrode and Its Application in a Micromixer. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E391. [PMID: 30424324 PMCID: PMC6187465 DOI: 10.3390/mi9080391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing mixing is of significant importance in microfluidic devices characterized by laminar flows and low Reynolds numbers. An asymmetrical induced charge electroosmotic (ICEO) vortex pair generated on the herringbone floating electrode can disturb the interface of two-phase fluids and deliver the fluid transversely, which could be exploited to accomplish fluid mixing between two neighbouring fluids in a microscale system. Herein we present a micromixer based on an asymmetrical ICEO flow induced above the herringbone floating electrode array surface. We investigate the average transverse ICEO slip velocity on the Ridge/Vee/herringbone floating electrode and find that the microvortex generated on the herringbone electrode surface has good potential for mixing the miscible liquids in microfluidic systems. In addition, we explore the effect of applied frequencies and bulk conductivity on the slip velocity above the herringbone floating electrode surface. The high dependence of mixing performance on the floating electrode pair numbers is analysed simultaneously. Finally, we investigate systematically voltage intensity, applied frequencies, inlet fluid velocity and liquid conductivity on the mixing performance of the proposed device. The microfluidic micromixer put forward herein offers great opportunity for fluid mixing in the field of micro total analysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingming Hu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Qiqihar University, Wenhua Street 42, Qiqihar 161006, China.
| | - Jianhua Guo
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Qiqihar University, Wenhua Street 42, Qiqihar 161006, China.
| | - Zhongliang Cao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Qiqihar University, Wenhua Street 42, Qiqihar 161006, China.
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, China.
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Ren Q. Investigation of pumping mechanism for non-Newtonian blood flow with AC electrothermal forces in a microchannel by hybrid boundary element method and immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1329-1338. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinlong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
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18
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Maglione MS, Casalini S, Georgakopoulos S, Barbalinardo M, Parkula V, Crivillers N, Rovira C, Greco P, Mas-Torrent M. Fluid Mixing for Low-Power 'Digital Microfluidics' Using Electroactive Molecular Monolayers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1703344. [PMID: 29280286 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A switchable electrode, which relies on an indium-tin oxide conductive substrate coated with a self-assembled monolayer terminated with an anthraquinone group (AQ), is reported as an electrowetting system. AQ electrochemical features confer the capability of yielding a significant modulation of surface wettability as high as 26° when its redox state is switched. Hence, an array of planar electrodes for droplets actuation is fabricated and integrated in a microfluidic device to perform mixing and dispensing on sub-nanoliter scale. Vehiculation of cells across microfluidic compartments is made possible by taking full advantage of surface electrowetting in culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serena Maglione
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Stefano Casalini
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Stamatis Georgakopoulos
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marianna Barbalinardo
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR. Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
- Scriba Nanotecnologie srl, via di Corticell 183/8, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vitaliy Parkula
- Scriba Nanotecnologie srl, via di Corticell 183/8, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Núria Crivillers
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Concepció Rovira
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pierpaolo Greco
- Scriba Nanotecnologie srl, via di Corticell 183/8, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and CIBER-BBN, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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19
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Hossan MR, Dutta D, Islam N, Dutta P. Review: Electric field driven pumping in microfluidic device. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:702-731. [PMID: 29130508 PMCID: PMC5832652 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pumping of fluids with precise control is one of the key components in a microfluidic device. The electric field has been used as one of the most popular and efficient nonmechanical pumping mechanism to transport fluids in microchannels from the very early stage of microfluidic technology development. This review presents fundamental physics and theories of the different microscale phenomena that arise due to the application of an electric field in fluids, which can be applied for pumping of fluids in microdevices. Specific mechanisms considered in this report are electroosmosis, AC electroosmosis, AC electrothermal, induced charge electroosmosis, traveling wave dielectrophoresis, and liquid dielectrophoresis. Each phenomenon is discussed systematically with theoretical rigor and role of relevant key parameters are identified for pumping in microdevices. We specifically discussed the electric field driven body force term for each phenomenon using generalized Maxwell stress tensor as well as simplified effective dipole moment based method. Both experimental and theoretical works by several researchers are highlighted in this article for each electric field driven pumping mechanism. The detailed understanding of these phenomena and relevant key parameters are critical for better utilization, modulation, and selection of appropriate phenomenon for efficient pumping in a specific microfluidic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R. Hossan
- Department of Engineering and Physics, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Diganta Dutta
- Department of Physics, University of Nebraska, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Nazmul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, TX, USA
| | - Prashanta Dutta
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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20
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Liu W, Wu Q, Ren Y, Cui P, Yao B, Li Y, Hui M, Jiang T, Bai L. On the Bipolar DC Flow Field-Effect-Transistor for Multifunctional Sample Handing in Microfluidics: A Theoretical Analysis under the Debye⁻Huckel Limit. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E82. [PMID: 30393361 PMCID: PMC6187470 DOI: 10.3390/mi9020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We present herein a novel method of bipolar field-effect control on DC electroosmosis (DCEO) from a physical point of view, in the context of an intelligent and robust operation tool for stratified laminar streams in microscale systems. In this unique design of the DC flow field-effect-transistor (DC-FFET), a pair of face-to-face external gate terminals are imposed with opposite gate-voltage polarities. Diffuse-charge dynamics induces heteropolar Debye screening charge within the diffuse double layer adjacent to the face-to-face oppositely-polarized gates, respectively. A background electric field is applied across the source-drain terminal and forces the face-to-face counterionic charge of reversed polarities into induced-charge electroosmotic (ICEO) vortex flow in the lateral direction. The chaotic turbulence of the transverse ICEO whirlpool interacts actively with the conventional plug flow of DCEO, giving rise to twisted streamlines for simultaneous DCEO pumping and ICEO mixing of fluid samples along the channel length direction. A mathematical model in thin-layer approximation and the low-voltage limit is subsequently established to test the feasibility of the bipolar DC-FFET configuration in electrokinetic manipulation of fluids at the micrometer dimension. According to our simulation analysis, an integrated device design with two sets of side-by-side, but upside-down gate electrode pair exhibits outstanding performance in electroconvective pumping and mixing even without any externally-applied pressure difference. Moreover, a paradigm of a microdevice for fully electrokinetics-driven analyte treatment is established with an array of reversed bipolar gate-terminal pairs arranged on top of the dielectric membrane along the channel length direction, from which we can obtain almost a perfect liquid mixture by using a smaller magnitude of gate voltages for causing less detrimental effects at a small Dukhin number. Sustained by theoretical analysis, our physical demonstration on bipolar field-effect flow control for the microfluidic device of dual functionalities in simultaneous electroconvective pumping and mixing holds great potential in the development of fully-automated liquid-phase actuators in modern microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Liu
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle-Section of Nan'er Huan Road, Xi'an 710064, Shanxi, China.
| | - Qisheng Wu
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle-Section of Nan'er Huan Road, Xi'an 710064, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yukun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Peng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Bobin Yao
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle-Section of Nan'er Huan Road, Xi'an 710064, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yanbo Li
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle-Section of Nan'er Huan Road, Xi'an 710064, Shanxi, China.
| | - Meng Hui
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle-Section of Nan'er Huan Road, Xi'an 710064, Shanxi, China.
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Lin Bai
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle-Section of Nan'er Huan Road, Xi'an 710064, Shanxi, China.
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21
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Mi S, Li B, Yi X, Xu Y, Du Z, Yang S, Li W, Sun W. An AC electrothermal self-circulating system with a minimalist process to construct a biomimetic liver lobule model for drug testing. RSC Adv 2018; 8:36987-36998. [PMID: 35557806 PMCID: PMC9089443 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03724h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver-on-chip, due to its precision and low cost for constructing in vitro models, has tremendous potential for drug toxicity testing and pathological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Mi
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
- Open FIESTA Center
| | - Baihan Li
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoman Yi
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Zhichang Du
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Shuaitao Yang
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin
- USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics
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22
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Kunti G, Bhattacharya A, Chakraborty S. Alternating current electrothermal modulated moving contact line dynamics of immiscible binary fluids over patterned surfaces. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:6377-6389. [PMID: 28868537 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00684e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the results of our numerical study on incompressible flow of a binary system of two immiscible fluids in a parallel plate capillary using alternating current electrothermal kinetics as the actuation mechanism for flow. The surfaces of the capillary are wetted with two different alternating wettability patches. The dynamic motion of the interface of the two fluids is tracked using a phase-field order parameter-based approach. The results exhibit a stick-slip behavior involving acceleration and deceleration of the interface due to the interplay of electrothermal (Coulomb and dielectric) and surface tension forces. Controlling the interface motion through effective tuning of the chemical characteristics of the surfaces and forcing parameters was explored in detail. Finally, we were able to find a critical value of the dimensionless strength of the alternating current electrothermal force above which the interface "breaks", resulting in the formation of isolated droplets. These results have the potential to improve fundamental understanding and design optimization of various biomedical and physiological systems that involve flow of two or more immiscible fluids over chemically wetted surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golak Kunti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal - 721302, India.
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23
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Lang Q, Ren Y, Hobson D, Tao Y, Hou L, Jia Y, Hu Q, Liu J, Zhao X, Jiang H. In-plane microvortices micromixer-based AC electrothermal for testing drug induced death of tumor cells. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:064102. [PMID: 27917250 PMCID: PMC5106430 DOI: 10.1063/1.4967455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we first describe a perfusion chip integrated with an AC electrothermal (ACET) micromixer to supply a uniform drug concentration to tumor cells. The in-plane fluid microvortices for mixing were generated by six pairs of reconstructed novel ACET asymmetric electrodes. To enhance the mixing efficiency, the novel ACET electrodes with rotating angles of 0°, 30°, and 60° were investigated. The asymmetric electrodes with a rotating angle of 60° exhibited the highest mixing efficiency by both simulated and experimental results. The length of the mixing area is 7 mm, and the mixing efficiency is 89.12% (approximate complete mixing) at a voltage of 3 V and a frequency of 500 kHz. The applicability of our micromixer with electrodes rotating at 60° was demonstrated by the drug (tamoxifen) test of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) for five days, which implies that our ACET in-plane microvortices micromixer has great potential for the application of drug induced rapid death of tumor cells and mixing of biomaterials in organs-on-a-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Divia Hobson
- Interdisciplinary division of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong King Polytechnique University , Hunghom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Likai Hou
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yankai Jia
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qingming Hu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiangwei Liu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Interdisciplinary division of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong King Polytechnique University , Hunghom, Hong Kong, China
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinaghi Salari
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Toronto; 200 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Toronto; 200 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 Saint George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; 164 College Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3G9 Canada
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25
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Liu W, Shao J, Ren Y, Liu J, Tao Y, Jiang H, Ding Y. On utilizing alternating current-flow field effect transistor for flexibly manipulating particles in microfluidics and nanofluidics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:034105. [PMID: 27190570 PMCID: PMC4866955 DOI: 10.1063/1.4949771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
By imposing a biased gate voltage to a center metal strip, arbitrary symmetry breaking in induced-charge electroosmotic flow occurs on the surface of this planar gate electrode, a phenomenon termed as AC-flow field effect transistor (AC-FFET). In this work, the potential of AC-FFET with a shiftable flow stagnation line to flexibly manipulate micro-nano particle samples in both a static and continuous flow condition is demonstrated via theoretical analysis and experimental validation. The effect of finite Debye length of induced double-layer and applied field frequency on the manipulating flexibility factor for static condition is investigated, which indicates AC-FFET turns out to be more effective for achieving a position-controllable concentrating of target nanoparticle samples in nanofluidics compared to the previous trial in microfluidics. Besides, a continuous microfluidics-based particle concentrator/director is developed to deal with incoming analytes in dynamic condition, which exploits a design of tandem electrode configuration to consecutively flow focus and divert incoming particle samples to a desired downstream branch channel, as prerequisite for a following biochemical analysis. Our physical demonstrations with AC-FFET prove valuable for innovative designs of flexible electrokinetic frameworks, which can be conveniently integrated with other microfluidic or nanofluidic components into a complete lab-on-chip diagnostic platform due to a simple electrode structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Liu
- Micro and Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- Micro and Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Jiangwei Liu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yucheng Ding
- Micro and Nano-Technology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
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26
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Lang Q, Wu Y, Ren Y, Tao Y, Lei L, Jiang H. AC Electrothermal Circulatory Pumping Chip for Cell Culture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:26792-801. [PMID: 26558750 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe a novel AC electrothermal (ACET) fluidic circulatory pumping chip to overcome the challenge of fluid-to-tissue ratio for "human-on-a-chip" cell culture systems. To avoid the deleterious effects of Joule heating and electric current on sample cells, a rectangular microchannel was designed with distantly separated regions for pumping and cell culture. Temperature variations were examined using a commercial thermocouple sensor to detect temperature values in both pumping and culture regions. To generate a sufficient ACET circulatory pumping rate, 30 pairs of asymmetrical electrodes were employed in the pumping region; generated ACET velocity was measured by fluorescent microparticle image velocimetry. The benefits of our pumping chip were demonstrated by culturing human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T) and human colon carcinoma cells (SW620) for 72 h with an energized voltage of 3 V and 10 MHz. Cells grew and proliferated well, implying our ACET circulatory pumping chip has great potential for cell culture and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanshuang Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University , Xuefu Road 194, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China 150081
| | | | | | - Lei Lei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University , Xuefu Road 194, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China 150081
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27
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Conde AJ, Bianchetti A, Veiras FE, Federico A, Cabaleiro JM, Dufva M, Madrid RE, Fraigi L. A polymer chip-integrable piezoelectric micropump with low backpressure dependence. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08819d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A polymer piezoelectric micropump fabricated with conventional machining methods that can be embedded in laminated microfluidic chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Conde
- Centro de Micro y Nanoelectrónica del Bicentenario (CMNB)
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI)
- San Martín
- Argentina
| | | | - F. E. Veiras
- Electrónica e Informática
- INTI
- San Martín
- Argentina
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Líquidos
| | - A. Federico
- Electrónica e Informática
- INTI
- San Martín
- Argentina
| | - J. M. Cabaleiro
- Laboratorio de Fluidodinámica
- FIUBA
- Argentina
- Laboratorio de Micro y Nanofluídica y Plasma
- UdeMM
| | - M. Dufva
- DTU Nanotech
- Technical University of Denmark
- Denmark
| | - R. E. Madrid
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO-CONICET)
- Laboratorio de Medios e Interfases (LAMEIN)
- Dpto. de Bioingeniería FACET/UNT
- Argentina
| | - L. Fraigi
- Centro de Micro y Nanoelectrónica del Bicentenario (CMNB)
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI)
- San Martín
- Argentina
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