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Terao Y, Kumagai Y, Suzuki I, Tsuchiya T, Ukai M, Yokoya A, Fujii K, Fukuda Y, Saitoh Y. X-ray induced luminescence spectroscopy for DNA damaging intermediates aided by a monochromatic synchrotron radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:89-94. [PMID: 34402379 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1967506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the bonding sites of initial radiation interaction with DNA and to trace the following chemical reaction sequences on the pathway of damage induction, we carry out a spectroscopy XIL (X-ray induced luminescence) using soft X-ray synchrotron radiation. This is a nondestructive analysis of the excited intermediate species produced in a molecular mechanism on the damage induction pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS We introduce aqueous samples of UMP (uridine-5'-monophosphate) in the vacuum by the use of a liquid micro-jet technique. The luminescence in the region of UV-VIS (from visible to ultraviolet) radiation induced after the absorption of monochromatic soft X-ray by aqueous UMP is measured with sweeping the soft X-ray energy in the region of 370-560 eV. RESULTS The enhanced XIL intensities for aqueous UMP in the region of soft X-ray of 410-530 eV (in "water window" region) are obtained. The enhancement of XIL intensities in the UV-VIS region, relative to the water control, is explained by the excitation and ionization of a K-shell electron of nitrogen atoms in the uracil moiety. The enhanced XIL intensities do not match the structure of XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) of the aqueous UMP. This suggests that the XIL intensities reflect the quantum yields of luminescence, or the quantum yields for conversion by UMP of an absorbed X-ray into UV-VIS radiation. In this paper, spectra of luminescence are shown to be resolved by combining low pass filters. The filtered luminescence spectra are obtained at the center of gravity (λc) of the band pass wavelength regions at λc = 270nm, 295 nm, 340 nm, 385 nm, 450 nm, and 525 nm., which show a trend similar to the fluorescence of nucleobases induced by ultraviolet radiation. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the origin of the observed XIL is the hydrated uracil moiety in aqueous UMP, decomposition of which is suppressed by the migration of excess charge and internal energy after the double ionization due to Auger decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Terao
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kumagai
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Suzuki
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ukai
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinari Yokoya
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fujii
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science, Ibaraki, Japan.,Quantum beam Science Research Directorate, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fukuda
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuji Saitoh
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Hyogo, Japan
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Hirato M, Onizawa M, Baba Y, Haga Y, Fujii K, Wada SI, Yokoya A. Electronic properties of DNA-related molecules containing a bromine atom. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:82-88. [PMID: 32720858 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1800121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To clarify the radiosensitization mechanism masking the Auger effect of the cells possessing brominated DNA, the electronic properties of DNA-related molecules containing Br were investigated by X-ray spectroscopy and specific heat measurement. MATERIALS AND METHODS X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) were used to measure the electronic properties of the nucleotides with and without Br. We determined the specific heat of 5-bromouracil crystals with thymine as a reference molecule at low temperatures of 3-48 K to calculate the microscopic state numbers. RESULTS Obtained XANES and XPS spectra indicated that both the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the core-levels were not affected by the Br incorporation. The state numbers of 5-bromouracil calculated from the specific heats obtained around 25 K was about 1.5 times larger than that for thymine below 20 K, although the numbers were almost the same below 5 K. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that the Br atom may not contribute substantially to the LUMO and core-level electronic states of the molecule, but rather to the microscopic states related to the excitation of lattice vibrations, which may be involved in valence electronic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Hirato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan.,Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Misato Onizawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan.,Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuji Baba
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan.,Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Haga
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fujii
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Wada
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.,Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akinari Yokoya
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan.,Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes of Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
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Gan Q, Qin N, Gu S, Wang Z, Li Z, Liao K, Zhang K, Lu L, Xu Z, Lu Z. Extra Sodiation Sites in Hard Carbon for High Performance Sodium Ion Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100580. [PMID: 34928046 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hard carbons are promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, the low practical capacity from limited sodiation sites impedes their applications. Herein, ultrahigh concentration of pyridine N (≈7.9%) is introduced inside hard carbon, considering that pyridine N may provide extra sodium storage sites with stable CN• and CC• radicals during cycling. To expose more radical sites for sodium storage, a 3D structure with a multistage pore structure is constructed through NH3 release during the pyrolyzation process. As expected, the hard carbon with extra sodiation sites exhibits an impressively high capacity of 434 mA h g-1 at 20 mA g-1 , superior rate performance of 238 mA h g-1 at a current density of 5 A g-1 and a high-capacity retention of 98.7% after 5000 cycles. The radicals induced Na-adsorption mechanism was further explored through ex situ electron paramagnetic resonance technology, in situ Raman technology and density functional theory calculations. The results reveal that the extra sodiation sites come from the electrostatic interaction at low potentials. This work constructs a sodium ions storage model of extra radicals and provides an extended strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of SIBs anode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmeng Gan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Ning Qin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shuai Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kemeng Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Zhenghe Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhouguang Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Interfacial Science and Engineering of Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Hydration of Nucleobase as Probed by Electron Emission of Uridine-5′-Mono-Phosphate (UMP) in Aqueous Solution Induced by Nitrogen K-Shell Ionization. QUANTUM BEAM SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/qubs4010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To identify the precise early radiation processes of DNA lesions, we measure electron kinetic energy spectra emitted from uridine-5′ monophosphate (UMP) in aqueous solution for the photoionization of the N 1s orbital electron and for the following Auger effect using a monochromatic soft X-ray synchrotron radiation at energies above the nitrogen K-shell ionization threshold. The change of photoelectron spectra for UMP in aqueous solutions at different proton concentrations (pH = 7.5 and 11.3) is ascribed to the chemical shift of the N3 nitrogen atom in uracil moiety of canonical and deprotonated forms. The lowest double ionization potentials for aqueous UMP at different pH obtained from the Auger electron spectra following the N 1s photoionization values show the electrostatic aqueous interaction of uracil moiety of canonical (neutral) and deprotonated (negatively charged) forms with hydrated water molecules.
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Kojima T, Aihara H, Kodashima Y, Makishima H, Nakiri S, Takada S, Shimada H, Ukai M, Ozga C, Holzapfel X, Schmidt P, Küstner-Wetekam C, Otto H, Bloβ D, Knie A, Ehresmann A, Yokoya A, Fujii K, Fukuda Y, Saitoh Y. NOVEL ANALYTICAL STUDY FOR REACTION INTERMEDIATES IN THE PRIMARY RADIATION INTERACTION OF DNA USING A SYNCHROTRON RADIATION-INDUCED LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 183:32-35. [PMID: 30753692 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To identify the precise molecular processes to induce DNA lesions, we attempt a novel spectroscopy of X-ray induced luminescence (XIL) using soft X-ray synchrotron radiation, which is a non-destructive analysis of the reaction intermediates in the elementary reaction pathway of damage induction and self-organized restoration. Using a liquid micro-jet technique to introduce aqueous samples in a vacuum chamber, we measure UV-visible luminescence from nucleotide solution as a function of the soft X-ray energy from the nitrogen to oxygen K-edge region. The XIL intensities for the nucleotide solutions are significantly enhanced in the soft X-ray region (410-530 eV) which is ascribed to the K-shell excitation/ionization of nitrogen atoms in the nucleobases. Furthermore, the XIL spectra do not show any signature of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) of the nucleobases. This is because the luminescence intensities collected from the integral area of the micro-jet only reflect the quantum yield of luminescence of the absorbed X-ray into UV-visible light irrespective of the absorption cross sections, i.e. of XANES. Thus the present result is the first evidence of luminescence as a result of X-ray absorption of aqueous nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kojima
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Aihara
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Kodashima
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Makishima
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Nakiri
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Takada
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Shimada
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Ukai
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C Ozga
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett Str. 40, Kassel, Germany
| | - X Holzapfel
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett Str. 40, Kassel, Germany
| | - Ph Schmidt
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett Str. 40, Kassel, Germany
| | - C Küstner-Wetekam
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett Str. 40, Kassel, Germany
| | - H Otto
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett Str. 40, Kassel, Germany
| | - D Bloβ
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett Str. 40, Kassel, Germany
| | - A Knie
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett Str. 40, Kassel, Germany
| | - A Ehresmann
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett Str. 40, Kassel, Germany
| | - A Yokoya
- Center of Quantum beam Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science (QST), Naka-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - K Fujii
- Center of Quantum beam Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science (QST), Naka-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Y Fukuda
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Sayo-gun, Hyougo, Japan
| | - Y Saitoh
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Sayo-gun, Hyougo, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinari Yokoya
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Wu S, Wang W, Li M, Cao L, Lyu F, Yang M, Wang Z, Shi Y, Nan B, Yu S, Sun Z, Liu Y, Lu Z. Highly durable organic electrode for sodium-ion batteries via a stabilized α-C radical intermediate. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13318. [PMID: 27819293 PMCID: PMC5103065 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a challenge to prepare organic electrodes for sodium-ion batteries with long cycle life and high capacity. The highly reactive radical intermediates generated during the sodiation/desodiation process could be a critical issue because of undesired side reactions. Here we present durable electrodes with a stabilized α-C radical intermediate. Through the resonance effect as well as steric effects, the excessive reactivity of the unpaired electron is successfully suppressed, thus developing an electrode with stable cycling for over 2,000 cycles with 96.8% capacity retention. In addition, the α-radical demonstrates reversible transformation between three states: C=C; α-C·radical; and α-C- anion. Such transformation provides additional Na+ storage equal to more than 0.83 Na+ insertion per α-C radical for the electrodes. The strategy of intermediate radical stabilization could be enlightening in the design of organic electrodes with enhanced cycling life and energy storage capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenxi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Minchan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lujie Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fucong Lyu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingyang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Nan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sicen Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhifang Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhouguang Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
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